ÿWPCÙ> NUNT %¢U:¨ 0Câ 0D% 0Ji 0T³ 0^ 0heÍ 0 Ý 0Nç D35 0rh 0|Ú 0†V 0Ü 1ul 0dá BE AQbƳ 0Dy 0D½ D/ B0U>MU*‹B)µDCÞ AK!±lnå‹{p¼ëp§ˆŸ›¡ Ê<#%…&w@&4Í&þá&ãß(Â*ÔÇ/è›1øƒ3 {5v~ˆ7vÓ9(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular(ÿÿ$òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô3|_(â?b$¡¡Ñ  ÑÔ€XfXXXÔÔ€XȱXXXfÔÑ` °ÑÑܰÑÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRY 3Ø'Letter3Ø' 3Ø' Letterÿ3Ø'TÑÓ  Ó(þ(3œ$¤¤Ý ƒ?b!ÝÑ  ÑÔ€X%dXXXÔÔ€X‡XXX%dÔÑ` °ÑÑܰÑÑÑÑ  ÑÑTRY 3Ø'Letter3Ø' 3Ø' Letterÿ3Ø'TÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó$$$$'ÿÿdxd2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d*+,-Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó..'÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d44447Border 1dd*5Cþÿ << Gÿÿ §Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€2ÔÑ  ÑÔ€3ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ+"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€3ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€3XÔÌÌò òMarch€19,€1997ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€3ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó dÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€2ÔÑ  ÑÔ€3ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÓ ` °œXÓÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒòòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóóà àThe€trial€was€held€on€March€15€and€16,€1995.Ì ÛÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€2ÔÑ  ÑÔ€3ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ýà0 àAlthough€Coble€identified€Cobb€as€the€man€who€robbed€her,€noÏtestimony€connects€Cobb€with€the€white€car€leaving€Hardeeððs€after€theÏrobbery.€€Neither€the€cash,€payroll€checks,€nor€the€weapon€were€everÏfound€and€there€is€no€other€physical€evidence€connecting€Cobb€with€theÏrobbery.€€Nevertheless€for€the€reasons€discussed€òòinfraóó.,€CobleððsÏidentification€of€Cobb€is€sufficient€to€sustain€the€verdict€of€guilt€as€to€him.Ì qÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€2ÔÑ  ÑÔ€3ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÓ ` °œXÓÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒòòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóóà àBoth€Ladarien€Bishop€and€Shannon€Huff€testified€at€trial.Ì ²Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€2ÔÑ  ÑÔ€3ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÓ ` °œXÓÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒòòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóóà0 àBoth€Ladarien€Bishop€and€Coble€testified€that€she€told€Ladarien€thatÏUntwon€Bishop€might€not€be€working€there€much€longer.Ì fÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€2ÔÑ  ÑÔ€3ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÓ ` °œXÓÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒòòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóóà àNeither€of€these€employees€testified€at€trial.Ì ~Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€2ÔÑ  ÑÔ€3ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÓ ` °œXÓÒ  ÒÒ ° Ò€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóóà àThe€practice€was€to€turn€all€the€lights€off€together€with€one€sweep€of€theÏhand.€€Coble€did€not€know€which€switch€turned€off€which€set€of€lights.€€SheÏthought€that€the€lights€in€the€counter€area€were€controlled€by€the€same€switch€asÏthose€in€the€dining€area.€€Apparently,€separate€switches€control€the€two€sets€ofÏlights.Ì øÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€2ÔÑ  ÑÔ€3ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÓ ` °œXÓÒ  ÒÒ ° Ò€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóóà àCobb€had€previously€been€employed€at€Hardeeððs€but€Coble€had€notÏknown€him€then.€€She€had€never€spoken€to€him€but€she€had€seen€him€perhapsÏfive€times€when€he€came€into€the€restaurant.€€Ì ‘Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€2ÔÑ  ÑÔ€3ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÓ ` °œXÓÒ  ÒÒ ° Ò€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóóà àHyde€ððs€testimony€corroborated€Bishopððs€testimony.€€Hyde€testified€thatÏwhen€he€asked€Bishop€if€he€needed€a€ride€home,€Bishop€checked€withÏsomeone€and€then€told€him€no,€he€had€a€ride.€€He€also€testified€that€when€heÏcalled€Bishopððs€home€at€eleven„thirty€to€see€if€Bishop€were€ready€to€go€toÏHickman,€he€found€out€about€the€robbery.Ì ÀÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€2ÔÑ  ÑÔ€3ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÓ ` °œXÓÒ  ÒÒ ° Ò€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóóà àCobb€gave€the€names€of€a€number€of€people€to€the€police€to€support€hisÏalibi,€but€the€police€never€made€contact€with€any€of€them.€€Ì uÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€2ÔÑ  ÑÔ€3ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÓ ` °œXÓÒ  ÒÒ ° Ò€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóóà àCobb€was€living€with€his€aunt.€€His€mother€lived€nearby.Ì +UDDDEÓ€äzz!Ôô8œ ôÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€2ÔÑ  ÑÔ€3ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÓ ` °œXÓÒ  ÒÒ ° Ò€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóóà àCobb€did€not€return€to€Union€City€with€Ware.€€He€left€the€club€with€his€half„brother.€€Another€friend€drove€him€from€his€fatherððs€home€in€Hickman€to€UnionÏCity€at€about€2:30€a.m.€€Ì ÙÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€2ÔÑ  ÑÔ€3ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÓ ` °œXÓÒ  ÒÒ ° Ò€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóóà àDefense€counsel€noted€that€Cobbððs€eyes€are€hazel,€a€rather€unusualÏcolor€for€an€African„American.€€Cobb€testified€that€his€eyes€are€hazel€or€lightÏbrown.Ì ûÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€2ÔÑ  ÑÔ€3ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÓ ` °œXÓÒ  ÒÒ ° Ò€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóóà àTennessee€Pattern€Jury€Instruction€15.22€provides:ÌÓ  Óà àà8 àà àThe€verdict€must€represent€the€consideredÏjudgement€of€each€juror.€€In€order€to€return€a€verdict,Ïit€is€necessary€that€each€juror€agree€thereto.€€YourÏverdict€must€be€unanimous.Ìà8 àà8 àà àIt€is€your€duty,€as€jurors,€to€consult€with€oneÏanother€and€to€deliberate€with€a€view€of€reaching€anÏagreement,€if€you€can€do€so€without€violence€toÏindividual€judgment.€€Each€of€you€must€decide€theÏcase€for€yourself,€but€do€so€only€after€an€impartialÏconsideration€of€the€evidence€with€you€fellow€jurors.€ÏIn€the€course€of€your€deliberations,€do€not€hesitate€toÏre„examine€your€own€views€and€change€your€opinionÏif€convinced€it€is€erroneous.€€€But€do€not€surrenderÏyour€honest€conviction€as€to€the€weight€or€effect€ofÏevidence€solely€because€of€the€opinion€of€your€fellowÏjurors,€or€for€the€mere€purpose€or€returning€a€verdict.ÌÌà àT.P.I.€Crim.€43.02Ì ÊÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€2ÔÑ  ÑÔ€3ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÓ ` °œXÓÒ  ÒÒ ° Ò€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóóà àThe€record€shows€that€David€Hamblen,€who€represented€the€defendantsÏat€trial,€withdrew€after€the€trial€court€denied€the€motion€for€new€trial.Ì ÞÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€2ÔÑ  ÑÔ€3ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÓ ` °œXÓÒ  ÒÒ ° Ò€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóóà àThe€charge€originated€first€in€òòCommonwealth€v.€Tueyóó,€62€Mass.€1€(1851)Ïand€came€to€national€attention€in€òòAllen€v.€United€Statesóó,€164€U.S.€492€(1896).Ì îÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€2ÔÑ  ÑÔ€3ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÓ ` °œXÓ€€€€€à àThe€case€against€Bishop€is,€of€course,€also€somewhat€dependent€uponÏCobleððs€identification€of€Cobb.€€If€Cobb€was€not€the€robber,€then€theÏcircumstantial€evidence€against€Bishop€becomes€less€convincing.Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€2ÔÑ  ÑÔ€3ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÓ ` °œXÓ€€€€€à àCoble€told€one€of€the€police€officers€that€she€would€never€have€struggledÏwith€the€robber€if€she€hadnððt€believed€it€was€Cobb€trying€to€pull€a€prank€on€her.€ÏOn€the€other€hand,€she€also€said€she€was€terrified€and€screaming.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€2ÔÑ  ÑÔ€3ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R3Ø'\ÑÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° Òò òÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓ` p` ˜XÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7€û²XXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÙ€*ÙßR€675A1-j|` Å `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌ€à@ àAT€œJACKSONÌÌà@ àJANUARY€SESSION,€1996›Ìó óÌÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,€à àó ó)Ìà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àAppellee,à àà à)à àC.C.A.€No.€02C01„9508„CC„00243Ìà àà àà àà à)Ìvs.à àà àà àà à)à àObion€Countyà àÌà àà àà àà à)Ìò òUNTWON€BISHOP,€and€à àà àó ó)à àHonorable€William€B.€Acree,€Jr.,ÏJudge€Ìò òEMANUEL€COBB.à àà àà àó ó)à àÌà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellants.à àà à)à à€€€€€€€€€€(Aggravated€Robbery)Ìà àà àà àà à)à à€Ìà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANTS:à àà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌÌAt€Trial:à àà àà àà àà àCHARLES€W.€BURSONÌDAVID€HAMBLENà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌ307€S.€Second€St.ÌUnion€City,€TN€38261à àà àà àKAREN€M.€YACUZZOÌà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌOn€Appeal:à àà àà àà àà àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌJAN€R.€PATTERSONà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌ225€W.€Baltimore,€Suite€Bà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493à àÌJackson,€TN.€38301Ìà àà àà àà àà àJAMES€T.€CANNONÌOf€Counsel€on€Appeal:à àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌJOSEPH€P.€ATNIPà àà àà àà à27th€Judicial€DistrictÌDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àUnion€City,€TN.€€38261ÌP.O.€Box€734ÌDresden,€TN€38225ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌREVERSED€AND€œDISMISSED€„€UNTWON€BISHOPÌREVERSED€AND€REMANDED€„€EMANUEL€COBB›ÌÌOPINION€FILED€__________________ÌÌœJERRY€L.€SMITH,›€JUDGEÌà àà àà àÌÌÌÌÌÇà@ àOPINIONÓÓÓ` °‚X˜XÓÌÌÓ  Óà àThe€defendants,€Untwon€Bishop€and€Emanuel€Cobb,€were€bothÏconvicted€of€aggravated€robbery,€a€Class€B€felony,€upon€trial€by€jury€in€œtheÏCriminal€Court€for›€Obion€œCounty.›€€As€Range€I€offenders,€each€was€sentenced€toÏthe€minimum€sentence€of€eight€years.€In€this€appeal€of€right€the€defendantsÏcontend€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€prove€that€they€were€theÏperpetrators€of€the€robbery€and€œalso€that›€the€trial€court€committed€plain€error€inÏgiving€a€"dynamite€charge"€to€the€jury.€€Because€we€find€that€the€evidence€wasÏinsufficient€to€œconvict€Untwon€Bishop,›€we€reverse€œhis›€œconviction›€and€dismiss€theÏcase.€€Upon€examination€of€the€jury€instructions€we€also€find€reversible€œerrorÏrequiring€a€new€trial€for€Emanuel€Cobb.›ÌÌà àThe€basic€facts€are€not€in€dispute.€€On€December€22,€1994,€shortlyÏafter€11:00€p.m.,€a€man€dressed€in€a€dark€œjacket,€green›€jeans€and€wearing€a€skiÏmask,€cloth€gloves€and€dark€glasses€entered€the€Hardeeððs€Restaurant€in€UnionÏCity,€Tennessee.€€The€restaurant€had€closed€an€hour€earlier,€and€twoÏemployees€were€completing€their€work€for€the€evening.€€Tracy€Coble,€theÏassistant€manager,€was€in€the€office€counting€the€receipts€and€finishing€theÏpaper€work.€€Untwon€Bishop,€a€defendant€in€this€case,€was€cleaning€in€theÍkitchen.€€The€robber,€who€carried€either€a€œshotgun›€or€a€rifle,€€forced€Coble€andÏBishop€into€the€freezer€and€made€off€with€pay€roll€checks€and€approximatelyÏ$1,900€in€cash.€€An€employee€at€the€McDonaldððs€next€door€saw€a€white€carÏspeed€away€from€the€Hardeeððs€parking€lot€a€few€minutes€after€eleven€oððclock.ÏCoble€told€the€police€that€she€œbelieved›€the€robber€œwas›€Emanuel€Cobb€and€that,Ïbased€on€what€had€occurred€earlier€in€the€evening,€œshe€considered€Untwon›ÏœBishop€to€be›€an€accomplice.€€The€police€immediately€arrested€Bishop.€€TheyÏfound€Cobb€three€hours€later€asleep€in€bed€at€home€and€took€him€into€custody.ÏHe€had€only€a€few€dollars€in€his€pants€pocket.€€The€police€conducted€no€searchÏof€Cobbððs€bedroom€or€house.€€€ÌÌà àThe€grand€jury€indicted€the€defendants€on€February€6,€1995.€€TheÏdefendants€retained€an€attorney€to€represent€them.€€Six€weeks€later€on€MarchÏ16,€€the€jury€found€both€defendants€guilty€of€aggravated€robbery.œ× ƒ8 ××  ×›€€On€March€29,Ï1995,€the€trial€court€sentenced€each€defendant€to€serve€eight€years€in€theÏDepartment€of€Corrections.€€ÌÌà àœThe€identity€of€the€person€who€committed€the€robbery€and€theÏcomplicity€of€Untwon€Bishop€were€very€much€in€dispute€at€trial.€€Coble€identifiedÏCobb€as€the€robber,€however€there€is€little,€if€any,€evidence€which€wouldÏimplicate€Bishop€in€the€commission€of€the€crime.× ƒ9 ××  ×›ÌÌà àEarly€in€the€evening€on€December€22,€1994,€Coble,€Bishop,€andÏthree€other€employees€were€working€at€Hardeeððs.€€Coble€seldom€worked€theÏevening€shift.€€Bishop,€a€high€school€senior,€usually€worked€about€35€hours€perÏweek€on€the€three€to€eleven€shift.€€At€some€point€in€the€evening,€BishopÏaccidentally€spilled€grease€on€the€kitchen€floor.€€Coble€was€annoyed€with€himÏbecause€of€the€mess€it€made.€€He€spent€a€lot€of€the€evening€cleaning€it€up.€ÏJamon€Hyde,€a€friend€and€classmate€of€Bishopððs,€worked€that€evening€but€hisÏshift€ended€about€8:00€p.m.€€€At€about€the€time€that€Jamon€left,€Bishopððs€olderÏbrother€Ladarien€arrived€with€Emanuel€Cobb€and€another€friend,€ShannonÍHuff.œ× ƒ: ××  ×›€€Bishop€came€out€and€spoke€briefly€to€his€brother.€€Cobb€walked€awayÏtoward€the€œrestroom,€and›€Bishop€followed.€€Bishop€and€Cobb€testified€that€theyÏexchanged€a€few€words€about€a€girl€in€Hickman,€Kentucky,€and€then€LadarienÏBishop€entered€the€restroom€and€told€Bishop€heððd€better€get€back€to€workÏbecause€Coble€was€not€happy€with€him.œ× ƒ; ××  ×›€€Bishop€returned€to€the€kitchen.€€Cobb,ÏœLadarien›€œBishop,€and›€Huff€ordered,€ate€their€dinner,€and€left.ÌÌà àAt€ten€minutes€before€closing,€Coble€locked€the€entrance€doors.€ÏOne€€employee€cleaned€the€dining€room€and€the€restrooms€while€another€wasÏresponsible€for€the€counter€and€drive„through€areas.œ× ƒ< ××  ×›€€The€œboyfriend›€of€one€ofÏthe€employees€was€in€the€restaurant€waiting€to€take€her€home.€€€As€the€twoÏcompleted€their€tasks,€Coble€checked€the€areas€and€excused€them€to€go€homeÏshortly€before€eleven€oððclock.€€She€testified€that€she€checked€to€make€sure€theÏwest€and€east€entrance€doors€were€locked.€€€She€was€particularly€careful€of€theÏwest€door€because€if€it€were€not€closed€properly€it€did€not€latch€and€could€beÍpushed€open€from€the€outside.€€Bishop€was€still€working€in€the€kitchen.€€He€wasÏbehind€schedule€because€of€the€grease€spill.€€Coble€was€also€behind€and€sheÏwent€to€the€office€to€count€the€money€and€complete€the€paperwork.€€She€was€inÏa€hurry€to€get€home.€€ÌÌà àAccording€to€Cobleððs€testimony,€Bishop€received€a€telephone€callÏjust€before€eleven.€€The€telephone€is€right€outside€the€office€œdoor,›€and€she€heardÏhim€say€something€about€"ten€or€fifteen€minutes."€€After€he€hung€up,€he€askedÏher€if€she€could€give€him€a€ride€home,€and€she€said€she€would€do€so.€€BishopÏreturned€to€the€kitchen,€but€within€a€few€minutes€came€back€and€told€her€he€wasÏgoing€to€the€restroom.€€She€was€still€busy€at€the€computer€and€was€facing€awayÏfrom€the€office€door.€€At€this€point,€Cobleððs€testimony€becomes€confused.€€DuringÏdirect€examination,€she€testified€that€the€dining€room€lights€went€out€and€thenÏcame€back€on.€€On€cross,€however,€she€said€that€all€the€lights€went€out€and€thatÏonly€the€dining€room€lights€came€back€on.€€All€lights€except€for€œthose›€in€the€officeÏare€controlled€by€switches€located€in€the€dining€area.× ƒ= ××  ×€€€€ÌÌà àFive€or€ten€minutes€after€the€lights€were€shut€off,€a€man€dressed€inÏdark€clothing€came€to€the€office€door.€€The€man€was€covered€from€head€to€œfoot,›Ïand€she€could€not€see€his€face€because€of€the€ski€mask€or€tell€whether€he€wasÏblack€or€white.€€He€was€carrying€a€long€gun.€€She€began€to€scuffle€with€theÏrobber.€€He€pulled€her€hair€and€pushed€her€down€as€she€grabbed€for€the€gun.€€ÏAt€that€point,€Bishop€came€back€from€the€kitchen€and€stepped€in€between€them.ÏHe€helped€her€up€and€told€her€"to€do€what€he€says."€€€€The€robber€forced€themÏdown€the€hall€and€into€a€freezer€located€at€the€back€of€the€restaurant.€€HeÏattempted€to€block€the€freezer€door€with€a€green€dolly.€€Coble€opened€the€doorÏfrom€the€inside€and€pushed€away€the€dolly.€€As€she€attempted€to€leave€theÏfreezer,€the€robber€returned€to€the€area€and€shoved€her€back€inside.€€At€this€timeÏhe€had€removed€the€dark€glasses,€and€she€testified€that€she€recognized€hisÏeyes€as€belonging€to€Emanuel€Cobb.× ƒ> ××  ×€€€€Coble€testified€that€despite€having€herÏhair€pulled€and€being€knocked€œdown,›€she€thought€the€robbery€was€a€joke.€ÏAlthough€she€said€she€was€terrified,€she€also€said€she€wasnððt€sure€it€was€aÏrobbery€until€she€discovered€that€the€money€œwas›€missing.€€She€had€heard€aboutÍa€prank€played€on€another€assistant€manager€and€thought€that€this€"robbery"Ïwas€a€similar€prank.€€€€After€the€robber€left,€she€checked€the€west€entrance€doorÏand€found€that€it€was€not€securely€latched.€€Although€the€door€was€closed,€itÏcould€be€opened€by€pushing€against€the€door,€without€touching€the€push€barÏwhich€operated€the€latch.ÌÌà àBishopððs€version€of€events€was€somewhat€different.€€He€testifiedÏthat€he€had€used€the€restroom€before€the€other€employees€had€left€and€thatÏCoble€had€not€checked€the€restrooms€and€doors€until€after€he€had€returned€toÏthe€kitchen.€€He€also€stated€that€he€received€the€telephone€call€after€his€trip€toÏthe€restroom.€€The€call€was€from€Jamon€Hyde€who€wanted€€to€know€if€he€neededÏa€ride€home.€€After€checking€with€Coble,€he€told€Hyde€that€he€had€a€ride€homeÏand€that€he€would€be€off€work€in€about€fifteen€minutes.€€He€and€Hyde€wereÏplanning€to€go€œto€a›€club€in€Hickman€after€he€got€off€work.× ƒ? ××  ×€€When€Bishop€wasÏfinishing€up€in€the€kitchen,€all€the€lights€went€out€and€it€became€pitch€dark.€€€AÏfew€seconds€later,€he€heard€Coble€scream.€€He€ran€forward€to€the€office€areaÍand€found€her€on€the€floor€grabbing€for€the€robberððs€weapon.€€He€pulled€her€toÏher€feet€and€told€her€"to€do€what€the€man€said€because€it€wasnððt€worth€gettingÏshot."€€When€the€police€œarrived,›€he€described€the€robber€as€being€œof€stocky›€œbuild›Ïand€wearing€dark€clothes€including€a€dark€ski€mask€and€œsunglasses.›€ÌÌà àCobb€presented€an€alibi€defense.× ƒ@ ××  ×€€According€to€the€testimony€ofÏLadarien€Bishop€and€Shannon€Huff,€the€three€young€men€were€together€untilÏabout€ten€oððclock€when€Huff€dropped€Cobb€off€at€his€auntððs€house.× ƒA ××  ×€€CobbÏtestified€that€he€walked€to€his€motherððs€house€to€use€her€telephone.€€When€sheÏwasnððt€home,€he€returned€to€his€auntððs.€€As€he€œarrived,›€he€met€his€cousin,ÏTamara€Ware,€who€was€leaving€to€go€to€a€club€in€Hickman,€Kentucky€for€a€pre„Christmas€celebration€with€some€friends.€Ware€testified€that€she€and€CobbÏdrove€to€Hickman€together.€€After€stopping€briefly€to€see€another€cousin,€theyÏarrived€at€the€club€at€about€11:00€p.m.× ƒE ××  ×€€€Howard€Hensley,€a€plumbingÍcontractor€from€Union€City,€owns€the€club€in€Hickman.€€He€testified€that€he€wasÏtaking€identification€at€the€door€that€night€starting€just€before€eleven.€€Cobb€wasÏa€regular€at€the€œclub;›€he€and€Hensley€enjoyed€kidding€around€and€engaging€inÏsome€œhorseplay.›€Hensley€testified€that€Cobb€and€a€œð ðgirl„›€œfriendðð›€arrived€just€afterÏeleven€oððclock.€€€He€also€testified€that€he€was€surprised€the€next€day€when€heÏread€that€Cobb€had€been€arrested€because€he€knew€Cobb€had€been€at€theÏclub.ÌÌà à€€€€€€€Our€standard€of€review€when€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€isÏquestioned€on€appeal€is€"whether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€mostÏfavorable€to€the€prosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€theÏessential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€òòJackson€v.ÏVirginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979).€This€means€that€weÏmay€not€reweigh€the€evidence,€but€must€presume€that€the€jury€has€resolved€allÏconflicts€in€the€testimony€and€drawn€all€reasonable€inferences€from€theÏevidence€in€favor€of€the€œState.›€See€òòState€v.€Sheffieldóó,€676€S.W.2d€542,€547Ï(Tenn.€1984);€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€€Since€aÏverdict€of€guilt€removes€the€presumption€of€€innocence€and€replaces€it€with€aÏpresumption€of€guilt,€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474€(Tenn.€1973),€theÏdefendant€has€the€burden€in€this€Court€of€illustrating€that€the€evidence€isÍinsufficient€to€support€the€verdict€returned€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,Ï639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€This€Court€will€not€disturb€a€verdict€of€guiltÏdue€to€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€unless€the€facts€contained€in€the€record,Ïand€any€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€the€facts,€are€insufficient€to€findÏthe€defendant€guilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòId.ÌÌóóà àA€criminal€offense€may€be€established€exclusively€byÏcircumstantial€evidence.€€òòDuchac€v.€Stateóó,€505€S.W.2d€237€(Tenn.€1973);ÏòòMarable€v.€Stateóó,€203€Tenn.€440,€313€S.W.2d€451€(1958);€òòState€v.€œLequireóó,€634ÏS.W.2d€608€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1981);€òòState€v.€Haileyóó,€658€S.W.2d€547€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1983).€€However,€before€an€accused€may€be€convicted€of€a€criminalÏoffense€based€upon€circumstantial€evidence€alone,€the€facts€and€circumstancesÏ"must€be€so€strong€and€cogent€as€to€exclude€every€other€reasonable€hypothesisÏsave€the€guilt€of€the€defendant."€€òòState€v.€Crawfordóó,€225€Tenn.€478,€484,€470ÏS.W.2d€610,€613€(1971).€€In€other€words,€"[a]€web€of€guilt€must€be€woven€aroundÏthe€defendant€from€which€he€cannot€escape€and€from€which€facts€andÏcircumstances€the€jury€could€draw€no€other€reasonable€inference€save€the€guiltÏof€the€defendant€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€òòIdóó.;€€òòState€v.€McAfeeóó,€737€S.W.2dÏ304,€305€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).ÌÌà àWe€consider€first€the€evidence€against€Emanuel€Cobb.€€The€onlyÏdirect€evidence€connecting€Cobb€with€the€robbery€is€the€eye€witnessÏidentification€€by€Tracy€Coble.€€Cobb€contends€that€this€identification€isÏcompletely€unreliable.€€He€argues€that€the€robber€was€completely€covered,€andÏthat€except€for€a€few€seconds€while€he€roughly€shoved€her€back€into€the€freezerÏshe€never€saw€his€eyes.€€€Upon€cross„examination,€Coble€admitted€she€didnððtÏknow€the€color€of€Cobbððs€eyes.× ƒF ××  ×€€She€was€also€unaware€of€a€scar€visible€at€theÏcorner€of€one€eye.€€She€testified€that€she€recognized€his€eyes€by€€their€shape.€ÏMoreover,€Coble€testified€during€cross„examination€that€all€lights€in€theÏrestaurant€were€out€except€for€those€in€the€office€and€the€dining€room.€€Since€theÏfreezer€is€located€in€the€unlit€portion€of€the€building,€her€ability€to€see€theÏrobberððs€eyes€is€questionable.€€The€record€indicates€that€the€police€recoveredÏnone€of€the€clothing€she€described€and€that€neither€the€weapon€nor€theÏproceeds€were€located.€€€Huff€and€Ladarien€Bishop€testified€that€Cobb€wasÏwearing€light€blue€jeans€when€they€left€him€at€ten€oððclock€on€the€night€inÏquestion.€€Ìà àAlthough€the€reliability€of€Cobleððs€identification€is€questionable,€theÏjury€by€its€verdict€resolved€the€question€in€favor€of€Cobleððs€testimony.€€We€areÏnot€free€on€appeal€to€revisit€that€issue.€€Therefore,€we€find€the€evidenceÏsufficient€to€convict€Cobb€of€aggravated€robbery.Ìà àÌà àNext€we€consider€whether€the€evidence€in€the€record€is€sufficientÏto€find€Untwon€Bishop€guilty€of€aggravated€robbery.€€What€evidence€there€isÏagainst€Bishop€is€entirely€circumstantial€and€meager.€€However,€theÏprosecutionððs€proof€must€ensnare€him€in€"[a]€web€of€guilt€.€.€.€€from€which€heÏcannot€escape€and€from€which€facts€and€circumstances€the€jury€could€draw€noÏother€reasonable€inference€save€the€guilt€of€the€defendant€beyond€a€reasonableÏdoubt."€€òòState€v.€Crawfordóó,€225€€Tenn.€€484,€€470€S.W.2d€at€610,€613;€òòState€v.ÏMcAfeeóó,€737€S.W.2d€at€305.ÌÌà àThe€record€discloses€€that€on€December€22,€Bishop€arrived€forÏwork€at€3:00€p.m.€€Sometime€before€8:00€p.m.,€he€accidentally€spilled€grease€onÏthe€kitchen€floor€while€attempting€to€clean€the€grease€trap.€€Coble,€the€assistantÏmanager,€was€angry€about€this€mishap.€€At€about€8:00€p.m.,€Ladarien€Bishop,ÏShannon€Huff,€and€Emanuel€Cobb€arrived€at€Hardeeððs€to€have€supper,€and,Ïduring€this€time,€€Bishop€spoke€briefly€to€Cobb€in€the€restroom.€€Coble€testifiedÍthat€at€closing€time€she€locked€the€entrance€doors€with€her€key€and€retestedÏthem€when€the€other€employees€left.€€Testimony€in€the€record€also€shows€thatÏthe€west€door€was€difficult€to€latch€and€that,€at€times,€it€could€be€opened€byÏsomeone€outside€the€building.€€Coble€testified€that€Bishop€received€a€telephoneÏcall€at€about€eleven€oððclock€and€then€went€to€the€restroom.€€Shortly€thereafter€allÏthe€lights€went€out€but,€within€moments,€€the€dining€room€lights€came€back€on.€ÏFive€or€ten€minutes€later€the€masked€robber€appeared.€€€€Coble,€during€this€time,Ïwas€working€in€the€office€with€her€back€to€the€door.€€€When€Coble€tested€theÏwest€door€after€the€robbery,€€the€door€was€not€securely€latched€and€could€beÏpushed€or€pulled€open.€€ÌÌà àA€juryððs€verdict€may€be€based€on€a€reasonable€inference€but€it€mayÏnot€be€founded€on€mere€conjecture,€possibility,€or€speculation.€€òòMathis€v.€Stateóó,Ï590€S.W.2d€449,€454„455€(Tenn.€1979);€òòState€v.€Andersonóó,€738€S.W.2d€200,Ï203€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€€It€is€not€enough€to€demonstrate€that€a€fact€mayÏhave€been.€€The€State€must€furnish€some€logical€basis€for€the€inference€that€itÏwas€or€is.€€òòIvey€€v.€Stateóó,€210€Tenn.€422,€431„432,€360€S.W.2d€1,€5€(Tenn.€1962).€ÏThe€record€contains€no€direct€evidence€connecting€Untwon€Bishop€with€theÏrobbery.€€The€record€contains€no€proof€that€the€robber,€whoever€he€was,€actuallyÏentered€by€the€west€door,€although€he€may€have€exited€that€way.€€TheÍrestaurant€has€several€doors.€€One€witness€testified€that€she€saw€two€black€menÏleaving€by€the€drive„through€door.€The€police€found€a€door€in€the€back€of€theÏrestaurant€that€was€not€properly€barred.€€Coble€did€not€see€Bishop€flick€the€lightÏswitch€nor€did€she€see€him€return€from€the€restroom.€€The€State€presented€noÏphysical€evidence€that€Bishop€rather€than€the€robber€turned€off€the€lights.€€WeÏmust€therefore€conclude€that€the€circumstantial€evidence€in€this€case€is€not€"soÏstrong€and€cogent€as€to€exclude€every€other€reasonable€hypothesis€save€theÏguilt€of€the€defendant."€€òòState€v.€Crawfordóó,€225€Tenn.€at€484,€470€S.W.2d€610,Ï612.€Untwon€Bishopððs€conviction€for€aggravated€robbery€must€also€be€reversedÏand€the€charge€against€him€dismissed.ÌÌà àThe€defendantsðð€second€issue€relates€to€the€trial€courtððsÏsupplemental€instruction€when€the€jury€announced€it€had€reached€an€impasse.€ÏFor€the€reasons€discussed€below€we€find€that€the€trial€courtððs€supplemental€juryÏcharge€was€tantamount€to€a€"dynamite€charge"€that€impermissibly€interferedÏwith€the€juryððs€decision„making€process.€ÌÌà àThe€record€shows€that€the€jury€retired€to€deliberate€at€2:50€p.m.€ÏAfter€less€than€an€hour€and€a€half,€the€jury€returned€to€the€court€room.€€TheÏforeman€reported€that€they€had€reached€a€verdict€on€one€defendant,€but€not€onÍthe€other.€€Although€nothing€in€the€record€indicates€that€the€jury€was€at€anÏimpasse€on€the€second€verdict,€the€trial€court€must€have€believed€that€the€juryÏwas€at€least€approaching€deadlock€because€he€gave€the€following€charge:ÌÓÓà8 àÌà8 àà àIððm€going€to€ask€you€that€you€continueÏdeliberations€in€an€effort€to€agree€upon€a€verdict€andÏdispose€of€this€case,€and€I€have€a€few€additionalÏcomments€that€I€would€like€for€you€to€consider€as€youÏdo€so.ÌÌà8 àà àThis€is€an€important€case.€€It€has€beenÏexpensive€in€time,€effort,€and€money€to€both€theÏdefense€and€prosecution.€€The€case€has€taken€twoÏdays€to€try.€€If€you€should€fail€to€agree€on€a€verdict,Ïthe€case€is€open€and€must€be€tried€again.€€Obviously,Ïanother€trial€would€only€serve€to€increase€the€costs€toÏboth€sides,€and€there€is€no€reason€to€believe€that€theÏcase€can€be€tried€again€by€either€side€better€or€moreÏexhaustibly€than€it€has€been€tried€before€you.ÌÌà8 àà àAny€future€jury€must€be€selected€in€the€sameÏmanner€and€from€the€same€source€as€you€wereÏselected,€and€there€is€no€reason€to€believe€that€theÏcase€could€ever€be€submitted€to€twelve€men€andÏwomen€who€are€more€conscientious€and€moreÏimpartial€or€more€competent€to€decide€the€case,€orÏthat€more€clear€evidence€could€be€produced.à àÌÌÓÓThe€trial€judge€then€concluded€with€an€instruction€consistent€with€that€found€inÏthe€Tennessee€Pattern€Jury€Instructions.× ƒG ××  ×€€Defense€counsel€made€no€objectionÏto€the€supplemental€instruction.ÌÌà àAfter€deliberating€another€hour€and€fifteen€minutes,€the€jury€againÏreturned€to€the€court€room€at€5:01€p.m.€The€foreman€reported€that€they€wereÏmaking€good€progress,€but€had€not€yet€reached€a€second€verdict.€€At€the€requestÏof€the€defendants,€the€trial€judge€asked€the€jury€to€continue€commenting€that€ÌÓÓà8 àà àThis€has€been€a€long€trial.€We€had€19Ïwitnesses€to€€testify€and€it€took€two€days€to€try.€€ItÏwould€probably€have€taken€about€six€months€if€thisÏwere€in€California€to€go€through€19€witnesses,€butÏnevertheless,€it€has€been€time€consuming.€€To€retryÏthe€case€would€again€create€a€long€€.€.€.€€another€twoÏdays€at€least.ÌÌÓÓAt€the€request€of€the€defendants,€the€trial€judge€asked€that€the€jury€render€theÏverdict€it€had€successfully€reached.€€The€foreman€then€read€the€verdict€findingÏUntwon€Bishop€guilty€of€aggravated€robbery.€€When€the€judge€asked€the€jurorsÏto€raise€their€hands€to€signify€that€this€was€their€verdict,€one€juror€declined.€ÏWhen€the€trial€judge€asked€the€juror€whether€or€not€she€was€certain€of€BishopððsÏguilt,€she€replied,€"Iððm€going€to€say€guilty,€but€Iððm€ready€to€go€home€so„„but€IððmÏgoing€„„"€€ÌÌà àAt€that€point,€the€trial€judge€stopped€her€and€asked€the€jury€toÏreturn€to€its€deliberations€on€both€cases.€€Once€again€defense€counsel€raised€noÏobjections.€€At€5:48€p.m.,€the€jury€returned€to€the€court€room€and€announced€thatÏit€had€found€both€defendants€guilty€as€charged.€€The€trial€court€polled€the€jurorsÏindividually€as€to€each€defendant,€and€every€juror€responded€"guilty."€ÌÌà àThe€defense€made€no€objection€to€the€supplemental€charge€or€theÏcomments€of€the€trial€court.€€The€lack€of€a€contemporaneous€objection€to€theÏcontent€of€an€instruction€does€not€necessarily€constitute€waiver€if€the€issue€isÏraised€in€the€motion€for€new€trial.€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€30(b).€€The€motion€for€newÏtrial€does€not€allege€any€error€in€the€jury€instructions,€and€the€issue€wouldÏgenerally€be€waived.× ƒH ××  ×€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€3(e),€36(a).€€An€appellate€court€has€theÏdiscretion€to€notice€an€error€at€any€time€if€the€error€affects€a€substantial€right€ofÏthe€accused.€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(b).€€In€this€instance,€€justice€requires€that€weÏaddress€this€issue.ÌÌà àTennessee€adopted€its€version€of€the€òòAllenóó€or€"dynamite"€charge€inÏòòSimmons€v.€Stateóó,€198€Tenn.€587,€281€S.W.2d€487€(1955).× ƒI ××  ×€€The€òòSimmonsóóÏcharge€exhorted€the€jurors€to€listen€to€the€arguments€of€the€other€jurors€"with€aÏdisposition€to€be€convinced"€and€encouraged€dissenters€to€ask€themselvesÏwhether€they€might€not€"reasonably€doubt"€the€correctness€of€their€judgment€asÏmost€members€of€the€jury€did€not€agree€with€them.€€òòSimmons€v.€Stateóó,€198€Tenn.Íat€595,€281€S.W.2d€at€490.€€In€òòKersey€v.€Stateóó,€our€Supreme€Court€concludedÏthat€"the€interests€of€justice€demand€the€rejection€of€the€"dynamite€charge"€asÏadopted€in€òòSimmonsóó.€€òòKersey€v.€Stateóó,€525€S.W.2d€139,€144€(Tenn.€1975).€€TheÏSupreme€Court€recognized€that€the€right€to€trial€by€jury€must€not€be€impaired€orÏencumbered,€and€that€"[a]ny€undue€intrusion€by€the€trial€judge€into€this€exclusiveÏprovince€of€the€jury,€is€an€error€of€the€first€magnitude."€€òòIdóó.€See€also€òòVanderbiltÏUniversity€v.€Steelyóó,€566€S.W.2d€853,€854€€(Tenn.€1978).€€€If€a€trial€judgeððs€effortÏto€avoid€a€mistrial€reaches€the€point€[that]€a€single€juror€may€be€coerced€intoÏsurrendering€views€conscientiously€held,€the€juryððs€province€is€invaded€and€theÏrequirement€of€unanimity€is€diluted.€€òòKersey€v.€Stateóó,€525€S.W.2d€at€144.€€ÌÌà àThe€òòKerseyóó€court€then€adopted€the€instruction€now€found€atÏTennessee€Pattern€Jury€Instructions€15.22€and€sanctioned€repeating€the€chargeÏif€a€deadlock€developed,€provided€it€had€been€included€in€the€main€charge.€€òòId.óóÏat€145.€€The€court€emphasized€that€€ð ð[s]trict€adherence€is€expected€andÏvariations€will€not€be€permissible."€€òòId.óó,€òòVanderbilt€University€v.€Steelyóó,€566ÏS.W.2d€at€854;€òòBass€v.€Barksdaleóó,€671€S.W.2d€476,€485„86€(Tenn.€App.),€òòperm.Ïto€appeal€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1984).ÌÌà àIn€òòJohnson€v.€Hardinóó,€926€S.W.2d€236€(Tenn.€1996),€the€SupremeÏCourt€recently€considered€the€effect€of€a€supplemental€jury€charge€not€unlike€theÏone€given€by€the€trial€judge€in€this€case.€€The€court€found€that€the€time,€effort€andÏmoney€involved€in€a€new€trial€was€irrelevant€to€the€juryððs€deliberations€and€thatÏan€instruction€raising€the€specter€of€such€matters€was€erroneous.€€òòIdóó.€at€242;ÏòòVanderbilt€University€v.€Steelyóó,€566€S.W.2d€at€854.€€No€juror,€the€court€stated,Ïshould€be€encouraged€to€abandon€an€honestly€held€conviction€in€order€to€saveÏtime€and€money.€€A€hung€jury€is€an€important€safeguard€to€liberty€and€may€beÏthe€sole€means€by€which€a€minority€may€stand€against€the€oppression€ofÏoverwhelming€contemporary€public€sentiment.€€òòJohnson€v.€Hardinóó,€926€S.W.2dÏ236,€243.€€(Citations€to€other€cases€omitted).ÌÌà àThe€supplemental€charge€at€issue€in€this€case€incorporated€bothÏthe€acceptable€language€found€in€pattern€instruction€number€15.22€and€Ïimpermissible€language€encouraging€the€jurors€to€arrive€at€a€verdict€in€order€toÏsave€time€and€money.€€We€are€unable€to€conclude€that€the€proper€instructionÏcanceled€out€the€impermissible€language.€€Since€òòKerseyóó,€our€Supreme€CourtÏhas€consistently€held€that€"strict€adherence€is€required€and€variations€will€not€beÏpermissible."€€òòJohnson€v.€Hardinóó,€926€S.W.2d€236,€242.€€€The€supplementalÍinstruction€given€in€this€case€did€not€strictly€adhere€to€the€requirements€imposedÏby€our€Supreme€Court.€€€Without€question,€the€instruction€was€erroneous.ÌÌà àHowever,€an€error€in€jury€instructions€does€not€necessarily€requireÏreversal.€€òòIdóó.€€Reversal€is€appropriate€only€if€the€error€was€a€material€factor€inÏproducing€the€verdict.€€€òòIdóó.€€Given€the€facts€of€this€case,€we€conclude€that€theÏcharge€impermissibly€interfered€with€the€juryððs€decision€making€process€andÏdiluted€the€requirement€of€unanimity.€€ÌÌà àWhen€the€jury€returned€with€the€first€verdict,€€the€trial€judgeÏdelivered€his€"dynamite"€charge€and€sent€them€back€to€deliberate€further.€€WhenÏthey€returned€a€second€time,€the€foreman€reported€that€they€were€making€goodÏprogress€on€the€second€case.€€However,€his€response€was€belied€by€that€of€theÏsingle€juror€who€refused€to€raise€her€hand€when€the€judge€asked€if€all€jurorsÏwere€in€agreement€on€Bishopððs€guilt.€€Her€words€indicated€that€she€would€agreeÏto€a€guilty€verdict€only€because€"she€wanted€to€go€home."€€The€trial€court€onceÏagain€reminded€the€jury€of€the€time€and€expense€that€a€new€trial€would€entailÏand€sent€the€jury€back€to€deliberate€on€both€cases.€€Within€thirty€minutes,€theÏjury€returned€to€the€court€room€with€guilty€verdicts€in€both€cases.€€Given€the€factsÏof€this€case,€we€are€unable€to€conclude€that€the€trial€courtððs€erroneousÍsupplemental€instructions€did€not€materially€affect€the€outcome.€€The€verdicts€inÏthis€case€were€not€uncoerced€and€unanimous.€€This€error€requires€reversal€andÏa€remand€for€a€new€trial€for€Emanuel€Cobb.€ÌÌ›à àFinding€the€evidence€insufficient€to€support€the€conviction€œofÏUntwon€Bishop,€his€conviction€is€reversed€and€dismissed.€€Due€to€the€plain€errorÏin€the€trial€courtððs€supplemental€jury€instructions€the€case€against€EmanuelÏCobb€is€reversed€and€remanded€for€a€new€trial›ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà à________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àœJERRY€L.€SMITH›Ìà àà àà àà àà àÌÌÌœÌÌÌCONCUR:›ÌÌœÌ_______________________________›ÌœDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JUDGEÌ̛̜Ì_______________________________›ÌœLYNN€W.€BROWN,€SPECIAL€JUDGE›ÌÌà à€ÌÌà àœÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌò òà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌ€à@ àAT€JACKSONÌó óÌò òÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,€à àó ó)Ìà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àAppellee,à àà à)à àC.C.A.€No.€02C01„9508„CC„00243Ìà àà àà àà à)Ìvs.à àà àà àà à)à àObion€Countyà àÌà àà àà àà à)Ìò òUNTWON€BISHOP,€and€à àà àó ó)à àHonorable€William€B.€Acree,€Jr.,ÏJudge€Ìò òEMANUEL€COBB.à àà àà àó ó)à àÌà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellants.à àà à)à à€€€€€€€€€€(Aggravated€Robbery)Ìà àà àà àà à)à à€Ìà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌò òÓ  ÓÔ€3¼Ôà àCONCURRING€IN€PART€DISSENTING€IN€PARTó óÔ€3XÔÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÓ  Óà àà àà àà àà àà àà àBROWN,€LYNN€W.ÌÌÌÌÌÓÓÓ  Óà àI€concur€that€the€evidence€in€this€case€was€insufficient€to€convictÏUntwon€Bishop€of€robbery.€€Also,€I€concur€that€the€jury€instructions€in€this€caseÏamounted€to€a€"dynamite"€charge,€which€would€require€the€reversal€of€theÏconviction€of€Emanuel€Cobb€with€resulting€remand€for€new€trial.€€However,€IÏrespectfully€dissent€from€the€majority€opinion€finding€the€evidence€sufficient€toÏconvict€Cobb€of€this€robbery.€€For€reasons€stated€below,€I€would€reverse€theÏcase€against€Cobb€and€dismiss€his€conviction.ÌÓ` p` ˜XÓÌà àWithout€the€victim's€identification€of€Cobb,€the€only€evidenceÏagainst€him€is€that€he€was€present€in€the€restaurant€earlier€in€the€evening€andÏthat€he€and€Untwon€Bishop€went€to€the€restroom€at€the€same€time.× ƒJ ××  ×€€€€NoÏphysical€evidence€ties€him€to€the€robbery.€€The€circumstantial€evidence€in€theÏrecord€is€not€sufficient,€by€itself,€for€a€rational€juror€to€find€Emanuel€Cobb€guiltyÏbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€However,€as€the€state€contends,€Tracy€Coble,€theÏvictim€and€an€eye€witness,€unwaveringly€testified€that€she€believed€Cobb€wasÏthe€man€who€robbed€Hardeeððs€that€night.€€A€reliable€eye„witness€identification€isÏsufficient€to€support€a€conviction.€€òòState€v.€Stricklandóó,€885€S.W.2d€85,€87,€88Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).ÌÌà àThe€real€issue,€therefore,€€is€whether€the€evidence€was€sufficientÏfor€a€jury€to€find€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€Coble€had€correctly€identifiedÏthe€defendant.€€òòState€v.€James€Jackie€Doddóó,€No.€03C01„9509„CC„00280€slipÏop.€at€5€Ñ7€XãXXdìXXdô7Ñ(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€Oct.€22,€1996).€€Recently€our€supremeÏcourt€promulgated€a€new€jury€instruction€on€identification.€€òòState€v.€Dyleóó,€899ÍS.W.2d€607,€612€(Tenn.€1995).€€òòDyleóó€was€released€on€May€15,€1995,€shortlyÏafter€the€notice€of€appeal€was€filed€in€this€case.€€Cobb€does€not€argue€that€theÏjury€instruction€on€identification€was€erroneous.€€In€fact,€the€instruction€given€byÏthe€trial€court€is€similar€to€that€promulgated€in€òòDyleóó.€€The€evidence€in€this€caseÏshould€be€reviewed€in€light€of€the€factors€the€supreme€court€found€relevant€toÏjudging€the€value€of€an€identification€in€òòDyleóó:€€ÌÓÓà8 à(1)€The€witnessððs€capacity€and€opportunity€to€observeÏthe€offender,€including,€among€other€things,€theÏlength€of€time€available€for€observation,€the€distance,Ïthe€lighting,€and€the€witnessððs€prior€knowledge€of€theÏperson€who€committed€the€crime.ÌÌà8 à(2)€The€witnessððs€degree€of€certainty,€theÏcircumstances€under€which€the€identification€wasÏmade,€and€whether€other€outside€€factors€might€haveÏinfluenced€the€identification.ÌÌà8 à(3)€The€occasions,€if€any,€on€which€the€witness€failedÏto€make€an€identification€of€the€defendant€orÏidentified€someone€else.ÌÌà8 à(4)€The€occasions,€if€any,€on€which€the€witnessÏidentified€the€defendant€and€the€circumstancesÏsurrounding€such€identifications.ÌÌòòState€v.€Dyleóó,€899€S.W.2d€at€612.ÌÌÌÓÓà àFactors€three€and€four€are€of€little€relevance€in€this€instance.€ÏCoble€immediately€told€the€police€that€Cobb€was€the€person€who€forced€her€intoÍthe€freezer€at€gun€point€and€took€the€money.€€Factors€one€and€two€require€anÏassessment€of€€the€witnessððs€degree€of€certainty,€a€consideration€of€any€factorsÏthat€might€have€influenced€the€identification,€and€an€evaluation€of€theÏcircumstances€under€which€the€person€was€observed€and€identified.€€TracyÏCoble€never€wavered€in€her€belief€that€the€man€who€held€the€gun€that€night€wasÏEmanuel€Cobb.€€However,€it€should€be€noted€that€Ms.€Coble's€statement€to€theÏfirst€officer€to€arrive€after€the€robbery€was€one€of€belief€rather€than€positiveÏidentification€of€Mr.€Cobb.€€The€record€indicates€that€she€suspected€it€was€CobbÏfrom€the€beginning€based€on€his€stocky€build.× ƒK ××  ×€€€She€had€seen€Cobb€four€orÏfive€times€although€she€had€never€spoken€to€him.€€€Since€she€knew€of€aÏprevious€"robbery"€and€initially€believed€that€this€was€a€similar€hoax,€sheÏexpected€the€robber€to€be€someone€she€knew.€€This€expectation€may€haveÏcolored€her€identification€to€some€extent.€€Coble€had€little€time€to€observe€theÏeyes€of€her€assailant€during€the€few€seconds€she€was€out€of€the€freezer.€ÏAccording€to€her€testimony,€the€freezer€area€was€unlit€and€the€lights€from€theÏoffice€were€behind€the€man€who€was€shoving€her€back€into€the€freezer.€€SheÍadmitted€she€didnððt€know€the€color€of€the€Cobbððs€eyes€and€was€unaware€of€anyÏscar,€although€Cobb€had€a€distinctive€scar€at€the€corner€of€his€right€eye.€€€€ÌÌà àOther€than€her€complete€and€unwavering€certainty€at€trial,€thereÏare€no€facts€in€the€record€from€which€a€rational€juror€could€conclude€that€TracyÏCoble€had€correctly€identified€Emanuel€Cobb€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€asÏthe€man€who€robbed€Hardeeððs.€€The€degree€of€certainty€of€her€identification€ofÏCobb€was€much€more€positive€at€trial€than€when€she€spoke€to€the€firstÏinvestigating€officer.€€The€robber's€face€was€at€all€times€obscured€by€a€ski€mask.€ÏWhen€the€victim€first€saw€the€robber€she€could€not€determine€his€race,€becauseÏeven€his€eyes€were€concealed€by€sunglasses.€€She€was€unable€to€identify€hisÏvoice€as€she€had€never€spoken€with€him.€€After€the€robber's€sunglasses€wereÏoff,€Ms.€Coble€had€only€a€few€seconds€in€a€darkened€room€to€glimpse€his€eyes.€ÏAt€trial,€she€testified€that€she€did€not€know€what€the€color€of€his€eyes,€could€notÏdescribe€their€shape,€and€could€remember€no€visible€scar.€€€The€fact€that€bothÏthe€robber€and€Cobb€were€similar€in€height€and€weight€is€insufficient€on€thisÏrecord€to€find€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€Cobb€was€the€man€who€pushedÏCoble€into€the€freezer€that€night.€€Ms.€Coble's€testimony,€although€her€sincerityÏis€not€doubted,€does€not€in€my€opinion€constitute€a€reliable€identification€ofÍCobb€as€the€perpetrator€of€this€robbery.€€The€evidence€in€the€record€is€legallyÏinsufficient€to€sustain€Cobbððs€conviction€for€aggravated€robbery.€Ìà àFor€these€reasons,€I€would€reverse€his€conviction€and€dismiss€theÏcharge€against€him.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà à___________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àLynn€W.€BrownÌà àà àà àà àà àSpecial€Judgeà àÌÌÌò òà@ àó ó›