ÿWPCs  …U:V % 0Ü–w@r 4² Æ Õ 0 Ý 0Dý 0JA 0T‹ 0^ß 0h= 0r¥ 0| 0†“ 0 1u©U, 0dJ B®U,ËU*÷B)!DCJ AMÆÚË Ÿk D3 v~=vÓ» 0@Ž AOÎÆ 0Dã D/' BV , øð AZ‹"Arial RegularX(´`$¡¡Ñ°ÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€‰GXXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  Ñ 89e:;D<U=U>D?@Ó€L»{s 3|xN(Ð(3X˜$¤¤Ý ƒ`!ÝѰÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€\‘XXdædæ7ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d$$$$7Border 1dd€-%Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ¼Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€#ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ! ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€#ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€#XÔÌÌò òJulyÏ26,Ï1996ÌÌCecilÏCrowson,ÏJr.ÌÔ€#ôÔAp…pellateÏCourtÏClerkó ó ÁÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€#ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝStrayhorn€testified€that€he€could€not€recall€Pritchard€informing€theÏappellant€that€he€was€taking€his€gun.€€Ì •Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€#ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€appellant€refused€to€give€a€written€statement€to€the€police.Ì'ÿÿdxdPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA Op Monaco Ò("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€""X„d&ÓÑ#€""Xd#ÑÔ€#ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýò ò›à@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€JACKSONÌÙ€€ÙœßL€&'%;+'h|7)` | `€€Lß›à@ àJANUARY€SESSION,€1996Ìó óÌÌÌÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEó ó,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€02C01„9502„CC„00053Ìà àAppelleeà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àLAKE€COUNTYÌvs.à àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àHon.€JOE€G.ÏRILEY,€JR.,€JudgeÌò òSTEVEN€DEWAYNE€BOLDENó ó,à à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à à(AggravatedÏAssault)Ìà àAppellantà àà àà à)ÌÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àòòFor€theÏAppelleeóó:ÌÌON€APPEAL:ÌGregory€D.€Smithà àà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌAttorney€at€Lawà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌOne€Public€Sq.,€Ste.€321à àÌClarksville,€TN€€37040à àà àà àRenee€F.€VidelefskyÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€œGeneral›Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌAT€TRIAL:à àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493à àà àTimothy€C.€NaifehÌ110€South€Court€StreetÌTiptonville,€TN€€38079ÌÌà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àC.€Phillip€BivensÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àP.€O.€Drawer€EÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDyersburg,€TN€€38024à àà àà àà àÌà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌÌò òDavid€G.€Hayesó óÌJudgeÇÓÓà@ àò òOPINIONó óÌÌà àThe€appellant,€Steven€Dewayne€Bolden,€was€convicted€by€a€LakeÏCounty€jury€of€aggravated€assault,€a€class€C€felony.€€The€trial€court€sentencedÏthe€appellant€to€three€years€incarceration€in€the€Tennessee€Department€ofÏCorrection.€€On€appeal,€the€appellant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidenceÏto€sustain€his€conviction€and€the€trial€courtððs€denial€of€alternative€sentencing.ÌÌà@ àòòò òI.€€Factual€Backgroundóóó óÌà àAt€trial,€Aubrey€Smith€testified€that,€on€November€17,€1993,€he€was€inÏdowntown€Tiptonville€and€encountered€the€appellant,€Darren€Pritchard,€andÏseveral€other€men.€€As€the€appellant€and€his€companions€drove€past€Smith,€oneÏof€the€group€pointed€a€ð ð[a]€big€chrome€gun€...€type€of€.357ðð€at€Smith.€€SmithÏtestified€that€he€had€previously€been€involved€in€an€altercation€with€theÏappellant€concerning€the€appellantððs€cousin,€Tamara.€€Following€the€incident€inÏdowntown€Tiptonville,€Smith€drove€to€the€Tiptonville€Meadows€apartmentÏcomplex,€where€he€visited€an€acquaintance€named€Charlotte.€€He€stayedÏapproximately€ten€minutes.€€As€he€was€driving€away,€someone€began€to€shootÏat€his€car.€€Because€it€was€dark,€Smith€could€not€see€his€assailant.€€TheÏappellant€was€rendered€unconscious€when€a€bullet€struck€him€behind€his€ear.€ÏHe€remained€in€the€hospital€for€approximately€one€month.ÌÌà àDarren€Pritchard€and€Kenny€Strayhorn€testified€on€behalf€of€the€State.€ÏEarlier,€they€had€pled€guilty€to€shooting€Aubrey€Smith.€€Their€testimony€revealedÏthat,€in€the€afternoon€or€early€evening€of€November€17,€1993,€the€appellant,ÏDarren€Pritchard,€Kenny€Strayhorn,€Raymond€Davis,€and€Charles€Belk€met€inÏTiptonville€and€proceeded€to€a€ð ðbarðð€where€they€practiced€shooting€a€nineÏmillimeter,€semi„automatic€pistol€belonging€to€the€appellant.€€The€pistol€was€aÏð ðTec„DC9,ðð€manufactured€by€Intratec,€commonly€referred€to€as€a€Tec„nine.€€TheÏappellant€testified€that€he€had€bought€the€gun€earlier€that€month.€€After€shootingÏat€the€ð ðbarðð,€the€appellant€borrowed€a€car,€a€light€blue€Cadillac,€from€anÏacquaintance,€and€he,€Pritchard,€Strayhorn,€and€Davis€drove€about€town.€ÏApparently,€various€members€of€the€group,€to€varying€degrees,€drank€alcohol,Ïsmoked€marijuana,€and€ingested€cocaine€throughout€that€afternoon€andÏevening.€€At€trial,€the€appellant€asserted€that€he€only€drank€beer.€€The€groupÏthen€drove€to€Ridgely,€where€the€appellantððs€girlfriend€resided.€€The€appellantÏexited€the€car,€leaving€the€car€keys€and€his€gun€inside€the€car.ÌÌà àPritchard,€Strayhorn,€and€Davis€returned€to€Tiptonville€in€the€appellantððsÏcar.€€According€to€Pritchard€and€Strayhorn,€Aubrey€Smith,€the€victim€in€this€case,Ïdrove€by€Pritchard,€Strayhorn,€and€Davis€and€pointed€a€gun€at€them.€€As€a€resultÏof€this€incident,€the€three€men€decided€to€obtain€additional€guns,€including€aÏsawed„off€shotgun€and€a€.357€caliber€revolver.€€Apparently,€Aubrey€Smith€wasÏassociated€with€a€group€of€men€from€Memphis€who€had€allegedly€assaultedÍCharles€Belk.€€Moreover,€according€to€Darren€Pritchard,€a€member€of€theÏMemphis€group€had€previously€pointed€a€gun€at€him.€€The€appellant€testifiedÏthat€he€had€also€been€involved€in€an€argument€with€Smith€concerning€hisÏcousinððs€girlfriend,€Tamara.€€Additionally,€he€had€argued€with€Smith€when€heÏattempted€to€retrieve€his€paycheck€from€Charles€Belkððs€automobile.€€AccordingÏto€the€appellant,€Smith€had€stolen€Belkððs€car€keys.ÌÌà àPritchard€and€Strayhorn€testified€that€the€appellant€rejoined€hisÏcompanions€later€that€evening.€€The€appellant€was€accompanied€by€anotherÏacquaintance,€Ricky€Terry.€€Pritchard€testified€that,€at€this€point,€he,€theÏappellant,€Strayhorn€and€Davis€decided€to€drive€to€the€Tiptonville€MeadowsÏapartment€complex€and€ð ðtake€care€of€business.ðð€€Strayhorn€also€testified€at€trialÏthat€he€and€his€friends€decided€ð ð[t]o€take€care€of€some€fellowsðð€at€the€apartmentÏcomplex.€€Strayhorn€believed€that€they€were€going€to€beat€one€of€the€peopleÏresponsible€for€assaulting€Charles€Belk.€€ÌÌà àPritchard€asserted€at€trial€that€he€informed€the€appellant€that€he€wasÏgoing€to€carry€the€appellantððs€gun.× ƒ( ××  ×€€Pritchard€stated,€ð ðI€told€him€that€if€he€didnððtÏwant€his€gun€to€be€involved,€to€let€me€know.ðð€€According€to€Pritchard,€theÏappellant€did€not€respond.€€Pritchard€conceded€on€cross„examination€that€heÍhad€told€T.B.I.€agent€Roger€Hughes€that€the€appellant€was€unaware€thatÏPritchard€was€carrying€the€Tec„nine.€€He€explained€that€he€had€shot€the€victimÏand€did€not€want€to€blame€anyone€else.€€Pritchard€also€conceded€that€theÏappellant€could€not€have€prevented€him€from€using€the€Tec„nine.€ÌÌà àPritchard€and€Strayhorn€testified€that,€when€they€arrived€at€TiptonvilleÏMeadows,€they€spotted€Aubrey€Smith.€€The€appellant€waited€in€the€car,€whileÏPritchard,€Strayhorn,€and€Davis€shot€at€Smithððs€vehicle.€€Pritchard€used€theÏappellantððs€Tec„nine,€Strayhorn€used€the€.357€caliber€revolver,€and€Davis€usedÏthe€sawed„off€shotgun.€€Strayhorn€testified€that€the€shooting€occurred€atÏapproximately€7:00€p.m.€or€7:30€p.m.€€Following€the€shooting,€the€appellantÏdrove€the€group€toward€Dyersburg.ÌÌà àDeputy€Paul€Jones€of€the€Lake€County€Sheriffððs€Department€testified€that,Ïon€November€17,€1993,€he€was€notified€that€a€shooting€had€occurred€at€theÏTiptonville€Meadows€apartment€complex.€€When€he€arrived€at€the€scene€of€theÏshooting,€the€victim€had€already€been€transported€to€the€hospital.€€Deputy€JonesÏwas€informed€that€a€gray€Cadillac€was€connected€with€the€shooting.€€Shortly€œÌÌÌthereafter,›€a€car€matching€that€description€was€apprehended€in€Dyer€County.€ÏDeputy€Jones€proceeded€to€Dyer€County,€where€he€determined€that€theÍoccupants€of€the€car€included€the€appellant,€Darren€Pritchard,€Kenny€Strayhorn,Ïand€Raymond€Davis.€€Deputy€Jones€delivered€several€weapons€recovered€byÏthe€Dyer€County€authorities€to€Special€Agent€Roger€Hughes€with€the€TennesseeÏBureau€of€Investigation.ÌÌà àDeputy€Danny€Sawyers€of€the€Dyer€County€Sheriffððs€Department€testifiedÏthat€on€the€night€of€November€17,€1993,€a€ð ðB.O.L.O.ðð€or€ð ðbe€on€the€lookoutðð€wasÏbroadcast€for€a€blue€or€gray€Cadillac€from€Lake€County.€€He€spotted€a€vehicleÏmatching€that€description€heading€south€on€Great€River€Road€in€Dyer€County.€ÏHe€observed€three€or€four€people€in€the€car.€€Calling€for€assistance,€DeputyÏSawyers€followed€the€Cadillac.€€Additional€officers€arrived€in€two€separateÏvehicles.€€The€police€vehicles€drew€alongside€the€suspectsðð€vehicle,€whichÏimmediately€stopped.€€The€officers€conducted€a€ð ðfelony€takedown,ðð€i.e.,€theÏofficers€positioned€themselves€behind€the€open€doors€of€their€vehicles€with€theirÏweapons€drawn€until€the€suspects€exited€the€Cadillac.€€Sergeant€Bill€FrenchÏwith€the€Dyer€County€Sheriffððs€Department€and€Officer€Mike€Murray€œsearched›Ïthe€suspectsðð€vehicle.€€Among€other€items,€the€police€recovered€a€Tec„nine,€nineÏmillimeter,€semi„automatic€pistol€from€underneath€the€driverððs€seat.ÌÌà àSpecial€Agent€Robert€Royse,€a€firearm€identification€expert€with€theÏTennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation,€testified€at€trial€that€he€examined€threeÏweapons.€€A€Tec„nine€and€a€sawed„off€shotgun€had€been€recovered€from€theÍCadillac.€€A€.357€caliber€revolver€was€thrown€from€the€window€of€the€CadillacÏbefore€the€car€was€apprehended€by€the€police.€€He€also€examined€a€bulletÏobtained€from€Aubrey€Smithððs€body€and€numerous€spent€cartridges€found€at€theÏscene€of€the€shooting.€€Although€the€identification€was€not€conclusive,€the€bulletÏrecovered€from€Smithððs€body€exhibited€ð ðthe€same€class€characteristics€andÏsimilar€individual€characteristicsðð€when€compared€with€the€Tec„nine€semi„automatic€pistol.€€He€was€able€to€positively€determine€that€thirteen€spentÏcartridges€recovered€at€the€scene€of€the€shooting€had€been€fired€from€the€Tec„nine.€€He€concluded€that€a€spent€ð ðshotshell€caseðð€found€at€the€scene€had€beenÏdischarged€from€the€sawed„off€shotgun.ÌÌà àDekeisha€Swift,€the€appellantððs€girlfriend,€testified€on€behalf€of€theÏappellant€at€trial.€€She€stated€that,€on€the€evening€of€November€17,€1993,€atÏapproximately€6:00€p.m.,€the€appellant€visited€her€at€her€home€in€Ridgely.€€HeÏwas€in€a€Cadillac€with€several€other€men.€€His€companions€left€in€the€Cadillac.€ÏSubsequently,€Swift€drove€the€appellant€and€her€little€sister€to€Tiptonville€in€herÏgrandmotherððs€car.€€At€James€Hunterððs€Club€in€Tiptonville,€Swift€and€theÏappellant€again€encountered€Strayhorn,€Pritchard,€Davis,€and€Belk.€€She€andÏthe€appellant€then€left€the€club€to€buy€some€food.€€When€they€returned,€it€wasÏapproximately€7:00€p.m.,€the€appellantððs€friends€were€no€longer€at€the€club,€andÏthe€appellantððs€car€was€gone.€€They€drove€about€town€looking€for€the€appellantððsÏfriends.€€Finally,€Swift€dropped€the€appellant€off€at€another€club,€the€SoulÍBrotherððs€Club.€€She€observed€the€appellant€get€into€a€car€belonging€to€anÏacquaintance,€Ricky€Terry.€€Swift€did€not€see€the€appellant€again€that€evening.€ÏThe€appellant€never€mentioned€to€Swift€any€altercation€or€shooting,€and€he€didÏnot€have€a€gun.€€On€cross„examination,€Swift€stated€that€she€was€expecting€theÏappellantððs€child.€€ÌÌà àRicky€Terry€testified€that,€on€the€evening€of€November€17,€1993,€he€metÏthe€appellant€at€the€Soul€Brotherððs€Club€sometime€after€6:00€p.m.€€The€appellantÏasked€Terry€to€help€him€locate€his€car.€€Terry€and€the€appellant€drove€aboutÏtown€and€finally€located€the€appellantððs€car€near€Tiptonville€Meadows.€€TerryÏobserved€several€people€inside€the€appellantððs€car.€€At€no€time€did€he€hearÏgunshots€or€sirens.ÌÌà àRaymond€Davis€also€testified€on€behalf€of€the€appellant.€€He€stated€thatÏthe€appellant€rejoined€him,€Pritchard,€and€Strayhorn€after€the€shooting€atÏTiptonville€Meadows.€€He€admitted€that€he€signed€a€statement€written€by€T.B.I.Ïspecial€agent€Roger€Hughes€indicating€that€the€appellant€had€driven€hisÏcompanions€to€the€scene€of€the€shooting€and€had€waited€for€their€return.€€WhenÏasked€why€he€signed€the€statement,€he€explained,€ÌÓÓà8 àMan,€it€was€two€oððclock€in€the€morning.€€Them€folks€done€had€meÏhandcuffed€for€two€or€three€hours.€[Agent€Hughes€is]€sitting€thereÏthreatening€me,€telling€me€how€long€Iððm€going€to€fry€in€jail,€this€andÏthat.€€Iððm€high€on€that€bud,€drinking€that€beer,€you€know€what€IððmÍsaying?€€Iððm€ready€to€get€somewhere€and€lay€down.€€ÌÌÓÓÌà àT.B.I.€agent€Roger€Hughes€testified€in€rebuttal€that€on€November€18,Ï1993,€he€obtained€statements€from€several€suspects€in€the€Tiptonville€MeadowsÏshooting,€including€Raymond€Davis.× ƒ) ××  ×€€He€administered€an€oath€to€Davis,€inÏwhich€Davis€swore€to€give€a€true€and€complete€statement.€€He€then€wrote€downÏDavisðð€statement.€€Hughes€explained€that€he€always€handwrites€a€suspectððsÏstatement.€€He€then€reviews€the€statement€with€the€suspect€and€requires€that€theÏsuspect€sign€each€individual€page€of€the€statement€and€any€corrections.€€Finally,Ïthe€suspect€signs€a€separate€document€acknowledging€that€the€statement€isÏtrue.€€Hughes€testified€that€he€followed€this€procedure€in€the€instant€case.€ÏMoreover,€he€denied€threatening€Davis€or€making€any€promises€in€exchange€forÏDavisðð€statement.ÌÌÌÌÌà àThe€appellant€testified€at€trial.€€He€denied€driving€his€friends€to€the€sceneÏof€the€shooting.€€He€asserted€that€he€met€them€after€the€shooting.€€As€Ricky€TerryÏdrove€him€toward€Tiptonville€Meadows€in€search€of€his€car,€he€heard€gunshotsÍfrom€the€direction€of€the€apartment€complex€and€observed€two€men€runningÏfrom€that€direction.€€When€he€located€his€car€in€the€vicinity€of€TiptonvilleÏMeadows,€he€noticed€his€gun€on€the€front€seat€of€the€car€where€he€had€left€it.€€ItÏwas€unloaded.€He€testified€that,€when€he€got€into€the€car,€his€friends€were€ð ðkindÏof€hyped„up.ðð€€He€asserted€that€he€did€not€know€ð ðwhat€had€happened€or€whoÏhad€did€what.ðð€€His€friends€never€told€him€what€had€happened€but€asked€him€toÏdrive€them€to€Dyersburg.€€They€told€him€to€use€back€roads,€because€they€hadÏmarijuana€and€cocaine€in€the€car.€€He€observed€Strayhorn€and€Davis€snortingÏcocaine€in€the€backseat.€€He€did€not€notice€the€additional€guns.€€However,€heÏbegan€to€suspect€what€had€happened€due€to€his€companionsðð€conversation.€ÏMoreover,€when€a€police€car€passed€them,€his€friends€began€throwing€objectsÏfrom€the€windows€of€the€car,€including€the€.357€caliber€revolver.ÌÌà àThe€jury€found€the€appellant€guilty€of€aggravated€assault.€€On€SeptemberÏ26,€1994,€the€trial€court€conducted€a€sentencing€hearing.€€The€State€relied€uponÏthe€presentence€report€and€the€evidence€introduced€at€trial.€€The€appellantÏagain€testified€on€his€own€behalf.€€He€indicated€that€he€had€attended€LakeÏCounty€High€School€and€had€graduated€in€1988.€€After€graduating€from€highÏschool,€he€joined€the€Navy,€received€training,€and€served€as€an€avionicÏtechnician€for€four€years.€€He€was€honorably€discharged€in€1993.€€At€the€time€ofÏthe€shooting,€he€was€employed€at€Northwest€Correctional€Center.€€He€has€noÏprior€history€of€criminal€arrests€or€convictions.€€He€denied€any€alcohol€or€drugÍabuse€problem.€€However,€he€admitted€that€he€had€used€alcohol€and€marijuanaÏin€the€past.€€At€the€time€of€the€sentencing€hearing,€he€had€two€children.€€WithÏrespect€to€the€Tiptonville€Meadows€shooting,€the€appellant€claimed€that€he€wasÏa€ð ðvictim€of€the€circumstance.ðð€€ÌÌà àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€judge€found€theÏmitigating€factor€that€the€appellant€had€no€history€of€criminal€convictions.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113€(13)€(1990).€€As€an€enhancement€factor,€the€court€foundÏthat€the€appellant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€when€the€risk€toÏhuman€life€was€high.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114€(1994€Supp.).€€Moreover,Ïthe€trial€court€observed€that€confinement€is€necessary€to€avoid€depreciating€theÏseriousness€of€the€offense€and€is€necessary€for€general€deterrence.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103(1)(B)€(1990).€€Finally,€the€court€noted€that€theÏappellantððs€potential€for€rehabilitation€is€ð ðfair€at€best.ððÌÌà@ àòòò òII.€€Analysisóóó óÌà@ àò òa.€€Sufficiency€of€the€Evidenceó óÌà àThe€appellant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€to€sustain€hisÏconviction€for€aggravated€assault.€€A€jury€conviction€removes€the€presumption€ofÏinnocence€with€which€a€defendant€is€initially€cloaked€and€replaces€it€with€one€ofÏguilt,€so€that€on€appeal€a€convicted€defendant€has€the€burden€of€demonstratingÏthat€the€evidence€is€insufficient.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.Í1982).€€The€defendant€must€establish€that€the€evidence€presented€at€trial€was€soÏdeficient€that€no€"reasonable€trier€of€fact"€could€have€found€the€essentialÏelements€of€the€offense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443ÏU.S.€307,€319,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979);€€òòState€v.€Cazesóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,Ï259€(Tenn.€1994),€òòcert.óó€òòdeniedóó,€òò€€€óó€U.S.€òò€€€óó,€115€S.Ct.€743€(1995);€€Tenn.€R.€App.ÏP.€13(e).ÌÌÌà àMoreover,€an€appellate€court€may€neither€reweigh€nor€reevaluate€theÏevidence€when€determining€its€sufficiency.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,Ï835€(Tenn.€1978).€€"A€jury€verdict€approved€by€the€trial€judge€accredits€theÏtestimony€of€the€witnesses€for€the€State€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€theÏState's€theory."€€€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€657€S.W.2d€405,€410€(Tenn.€1983),€òòcert.óóÏòòdeniedóó,€465€U.S.€1073,€104€S.Ct.€1429€(1984).€€The€State€is€entitled€to€theÏstrongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€inferences€whichÏmay€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòId.óó€€òòSee€alsoóó€€òòState€v.€Harrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€54,€75Ï(Tenn.€1992),€òòcert.óó€òòdeniedóó,€507€U.S.€954,€113€S.Ct.€1368€(1993).ÌÌà àThe€appellant€was€convicted€of€aggravated€assault,€a€class€C€felony.€€AÏperson€is€guilty€of€aggravated€assault,€a€class€C€felony,€if€he€(1)€intentionally€orÏknowingly€causes€bodily€injury€to€another,€and€(2)€such€injury€is€serious€bodilyÏinjury,€or€he€uses€or€displays€a€deadly€weapon.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„102Í(1994€Supp.).€€It€is€undisputed€that,€in€the€instant€case,€the€appellant€is€not€theÏperson€who€shot€the€victim.€€Nevertheless,€a€person€may€be€charged€with€theÏcommission€of€an€offense€if€the€offense€is€committed€by€the€conduct€of€anotherÏfor€which€the€person€is€criminally€responsible.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„401Ï(1991).€€A€person€is€criminally€responsible€for€an€offense€committed€by€theÏconduct€of€another€if,€ð ð[a]cting€with€intent€to€promote€or€assist€the€commission€ofÏthe€offense€...€,€the€person€solicits,€directs,€aids,€or€attempts€to€aid€anotherÏperson€to€commit€the€offense.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„402€(1991).€€ÌÌà àIn€order€to€sustain€the€conviction€of€an€accomplice,€ð ð[t]here€must€be€someÏevidence,€at€least€circumstantial,€of€participation€in€the€crime€...€.ð ð€€òòState€v.€Smithóó,ÏNo€03C01„9208„CR„00269€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville),€òòperm.€to€appealÏdeniedóó,€(Tenn.€1993).€€Moreover,€a€defendant€cannot€be€convicted€upon€theÏuncorroborated€testimony€of€a€fellow€accomplice.€€òòState€v.€Barnardóó,€899€S.W.2dÏ617,€626€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1995).€€òòSeeÏalsoóó€òòState€v.€Hensleyóó,€656€S.W.2d€410,€412€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1983).€€Yet,€theÏcorroborating€evidence€need€not€be€sufficient€to€support€a€guilty€verdict€by€itself,Ïand€the€evidence€may€be€circumstantial.€€òòHensleyóó,€656€S.W.2d€at€412.€€òòSeeÏalsoóó€òòState€v.€Comeróó,€No.€85„170„III€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville),€òòperm.€toÏappeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1986)(ð ðslight€circumstances€are€sufficient€to€satisfy€theÏrequired€corroboration€of€an€accompliceððs€testimonyðð).€€Indeed,€this€court€hasÏobserved€that€the€amount€of€evidence€sufficient€to€corroborate€the€testimony€ofÍan€accomplice€is€a€matter€for€the€determination€of€the€jury.€€òòComeróó,€No.€85„170„III.€€Finally,€ð ð[p]resence,€companionship,€and€conduct€before€and€after€theÏcommission€of€the€offense,€are€circumstances€from€which€oneððs€participationÏmay€be€inferred.ðð€€òòState€v.€Pendletonóó,€No.€87„189„III€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€atÏNashville),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1988)(citing€òòState€v.€McBeeóó,€644ÏS.W.2d€425,€428€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1982)).ÌÌà àClearly,€the€evidence€adduced€at€trial€was€sufficient€to€support€theÏappellantððs€conviction€for€aggravated€assault.€€It€is€undisputed€that€the€principleÏassailants€shot€and€seriously€wounded€the€victim.€€It€is€undisputed€that,€prior€toÏthe€shooting,€the€appellant€was€involved€in€an€altercation€with€the€victim.€€It€isÏundisputed€that€the€appellant€was€with€the€principal€assailants€before€and€afterÏthe€shooting.€€It€is€undisputed€that€the€appellantððs€car€transported€the€principleÏassailants€to€and€from€the€scene€of€the€shooting.€€It€is€undisputed€that€one€of€theÏassailants€used€the€appellantððs€œgun.€€Finally,›€the€appellantððs€assertion€that€heÏheard€gunshots€immediately€òòprioróó€to€rejoining€his€companions€is€contradictedÏby€the€testimony€of€Ricky€Terry.€€Again,€Ricky€Terry€testified€that€he€returned€theÏappellant€to€his€car.€€However,€he€stated€that€he€heard€neither€gunshots€norÏsirens.€€We€conclude€that€these€circumstances€adequately€corroborate€theÏtestimony€of€the€appellantððs€fellow€accomplices€that€the€appellant€drove€theÏassailants€to€and€from€the€scene€of€the€shooting€and€was€aware€that€theÏassailants€were€armed€and€intended€to€assault€a€member€of€the€MemphisÍgroup.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà@ àò òb.€€Sentencingó óÌà àThe€appellant€also€challenges€the€trial€courtððs€denial€of€alternativeÏsentencing.€€The€appellant€bears€the€burden€of€showing€that€his€sentence€isÏimproper.€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€Review€by€thisÏcourt€of€the€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence€is€òòde€novoóó€with€a€presumption€thatÏthe€determination€made€by€the€trial€court€is€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)€(1990).€€The€presumption€of€correctness,€however,€only€applies€if€theÏrecord€demonstrates€that€the€trial€court€properly€considered€sentencingÏprinciples€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.€€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169.€ÏFor€reasons€subsequently€discussed€in€this€opinion,€we€conclude€that€the€trialÏcourt€applied€inappropriate€sentencing€considerations.€€Therefore,€we€do€notÏdefer€to€its€sentencing€determination.ÌÌà àIn€reviewing€a€trial€court's€denial€of€an€alternative€sentence,€we€must€firstÏdetermine€whether€the€appellant€is€entitled€to€the€statutory€presumption€that€heÏis€a€favorable€candidate€for€alternative€sentencing.€€òòState€v.€Binghamóó,€910ÏS.W.2d€448,€453€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.Ï1995)(citing€òòState€v.€Bonestelóó,€871€S.W.2d€163,€167€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993)).€ÏTo€be€eligible€for€the€statutory€presumption,€three€requirements€must€be€met.€ÏFirst,€the€appellant€must€be€convicted€of€a€class€C,€D,€or€E€felony.€€Tenn.€CodeÍAnn.€ðð€40„35„102(6)€(1994€Supp.).€€Second,€he€must€be€sentenced€as€aÏmitigated€or€standard€offender.€€òòIdóó.€€Third,€the€defendant€must€not€fall€within€theÏparameters€of€section€40„35„102(5).€€òòIdóó.€€Thus,€in€order€to€benefit€from€theÏpresumption,€the€defendant€cannot€have€a€criminal€history€evincing€either€aÏ"clear€disregard€for€the€laws€and€morals€of€society"€or€"failure€of€past€efforts€atÏrehabilitation."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„102(5).€€The€appellant€is€a€standard,Ïrange€I€offender€of€a€class€C€felony€with€no€prior€criminal€history.€€Accordingly,Ïwe€apply€the€presumption.ÌÌà àHowever,€this€presumption€may€be€rebutted€by€"evidence€to€the€contrary."€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„102(6).€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòBinghamóó,€910€S.W.2d€at€454.€ÏEvidence€to€the€contrary€may€include€the€following€sentencing€considerations,Ïcodified€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103€(1990):ÌÒ ` ÒÒ ` ÒÓÓ(1)€€Sentences€involving€confinement€should€be€based€onÏthe€following€considerations:Ìà0 à(A)€€Confinement€is€necessary€to€protect€society€byÏrestraining€a€defendant€who€has€a€long€history€ofÏcriminal€conduct;Ìà0 à(B)€€Confinement€is€necessary€to€avoid€depreciatingÏthe€seriousness€of€the€offense€or€confinement€isÏparticularly€suited€to€provide€an€effective€deterrenceÏto€others€likely€to€commit€similar€offenses;€orÌà0 à(C)€€Measures€less€restrictive€than€confinement€haveÏfrequently€or€recently€been€applied€unsuccessfully€toÏthe€defendant.ÌÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÓÓÌòòBinghamóó,€910€S.W.2d€at€454€(citing€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169).€€A€court€mayÍalso€apply€the€mitigating€and€enhancing€factors€set€forth€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ40„35„113€(1990)€and€„114€(Supp.€1994),€as€they€are€relevant€to€the€ðð€40„35„103€considerations.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(b)(5)€(1990).€€Finally,€theÏpotential€or€lack€of€potential€for€rehabilitation€of€a€defendant€should€beÏconsidered€in€determining€whether€he€should€be€granted€an€alternativeÏsentence.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103(5).ÌÌà àInitially,€we€note€that€the€trial€court€improperly€considered€deterrence€inÏsentencing€the€appellant.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103(1)(B).€€Before€a€trialÏcourt€can€deny€alternative€sentencing€on€the€basis€of€deterrence,€evidence€inÏthe€record€must€support€a€need€within€the€jurisdiction€to€deter€individuals€otherÏthan€the€appellant€from€committing€similar€crimes.€€òòBinghamóó,€910€S.W.2d€at€455Ï(citing€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€170);€€òòBonestelóó,€871€S.W.2d€at€167;€€òòState€v.€Byrdóó,Ï861€S.W.2d€377,€380€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993);€€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€No.€03C01„9302„CR„00057€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€November€22,€1994),€òòperm.€toÏappeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1995).€€A€finding€that€the€appellant's€sentence€will€have€aÏdeterrent€effect€cannot€be€merely€conclusory.€€òòIdóó.€€In€the€instant€case,€there€is€noÏevidence€in€the€record€to€support€a€need€for€deterrence.€€ÌÌà àNevertheless,€we€agree€with€the€trial€court€that€confinement€is€necessaryÏto€avoid€depreciating€the€seriousness€of€the€offense.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103€(1)(B).€€In€order€to€deny€an€alternative€sentence€on€the€basis€of€theÍseriousness€of€the€offense,€the€circumstances€of€the€offense€must€be€especiallyÏviolent,€horrifying,€shocking,€reprehensible,€offensive,€or€otherwise€of€anÏexcessive€or€exaggerated€degree,€and€the€nature€of€the€offense€must€outweighÏall€factors€favoring€a€sentence€other€than€confinement.€€òòBinghamóó,€910€S.W.2d€atÏ454€(citing€òòState€v.€Hartleyóó,€818€S.W.2d€370,€374„375€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991)).€ÏIn€the€instant€case,€the€appellantððs€companions€leaped€from€the€appellantððs€car,Ïarmed€with€an€arsenal€of€weapons,€including€a€nine€millimeter,€semi„automaticÏpistol,€a€.357€caliber€revolver,€and€a€sawed„off€shotgun,€and€simply€beganÏshooting€at€a€car€exiting€an€apartment€complex.€€Although€there€is€no€evidenceÏin€the€record€that€other€individuals€were€in€the€vicinity€at€the€time€of€the€shooting,Ïthe€shooting€occurred€at€night,€and€it€was€so€dark€that€the€victim€could€not€seeÏhis€assailants.€€Moreover,€the€record€reflects€that€the€shooting€occurredÏfollowing€an€afternoon€and€evening€of€snorting€cocaine€and€abusing€marijuanaÏand€alcohol.€€The€possibility€of€harm€to€others€under€these€circumstancesÏillustrates€the€wanton€nature€of€the€assailantsðð€actions.€€We€conclude€that€theÏconduct€in€which€the€appellant€participated€was€sufficiently€egregious€to€justifyÏconfinement€in€the€Department€of€Correction.ÌÌà àIn€denying€an€alternative€sentence,€the€trial€court€specifically€found€theÏaggravating€circumstance€set€forth€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114€(10),€thatÏthe€appellant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€when€the€risk€toÏhuman€life€was€high.€€Again,€in€denying€an€alternative€sentence,€a€court€mayÍapply€the€enhancing€and€mitigating€factors€set€forth€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113€and€„114,€as€they€are€pertinent€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103Ïconsiderations.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210€(b)(5).€€We€note€that,€in€òòState€v.ÏJonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597,€602„603€(Tenn.€1994),€our€supreme€court€observedÏthat€evidence€of€high€risk€to€human€life€is€not€required€to€establish€aggravatedÏassault€causing€serious€bodily€injury€and,€therefore,€is€not€precluded€fromÏconsideration€for€enhancement€purposes.€€However,€this€court€has€observedÏthat€a€high€risk€to€human€life€is€inherent€in€aggravated€assault€committed€with€aÏdeadly€weapon.€€òòState€v.€Hillóó,€885€S.W.2d€357,€363€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperm.€toÏappeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1994).€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Bennettóó,€No.€03C01„9403„CR„00104€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€December€8,€1994).€€ð ðððIt€is€difficult€toÏdiscern€a€situation€in€which€an€offense€committed€with€a€deadly€weapon€wouldÏnot€necessarily€entail€a€risk€to€human€life.ðððð€òòHillóó,€885€S.W.2d€at€363€(citationÏomitted).€€Factors€that€are€inherent€in€a€particular€offense,€even€if€not€designatedÏas€an€element,€may€not€be€applied€to€enhance€the€length€of€an€appellantððsÏsentence.€€òòState€v.€Claybrooksóó,€910€S.W.2d€868,€872€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994),Ïòòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1995).€€It€is€unclear€from€the€record€before€usÏwhether€the€appellant€was€convicted€of€aggravated€assault€accompanied€byÏserious€bodily€injury€or€aggravated€assault€involving€the€use€of€a€weapon.€ÏMoreover,€as€in€òòHillóó,€the€record€is€devoid€of€evidence€that€there€were€individualsÏin€close€proximity€to€the€shooting,€other€than€the€victim,€who€were€in€danger€ofÏbeing€injured.€€Nevertheless,€this€court€has€implied,€that€in€contrast€to€theÍcontext€of€determining€the€òòlength€of€a€sentenceóó€for€aggravated€assault€with€aÏdeadly€weapon,€in€the€context€of€determining€the€suitability€of€òòalternativeÏsentencingóó,€a€court€may€consider€the€defendantððs€disregard€for€the€risk€toÏhuman€life.€€òòState€v.€Myersóó,€No.€03C01„9404„CR„00162€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€atÏKnoxville),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1995).€€Certainly,€under€theÏcircumstances€of€this€case,€the€participantsðð€flagrant€disregard€for€the€value€ofÏhuman€life€contributed€to€the€seriousness€of€the€offense.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103(1)(B).ÌÌà àIn€any€event,€we€agree€with€the€trial€court€that€the€appellantððs€refusal€toÏaccept€responsibility€for€his€crime,€his€assertion€that€he€was€a€ð ðvictim€of€theÏcircumstance,ðð€reflects€poor€potential€for€rehabilitation.€€òòState€v.€Dowdyóó,€894ÏS.W.2d€301,€306€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€òòSee€alsoóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103(5)(1990).€€The€appellantððs€poor€potential€for€rehabilitation€and€theÏseriousness€of€the€offense€justify€the€denial€of€an€alternative€sentence.€€ÌÌà àAccordingly,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JudgeÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JudgeÌÌÌ______________________________ÌLYNN€W.€BROWN,€Special€Judge