ÿWPCì …UBV %˜U.žÌnXÜ 044 4h 0J| 0TÆ 0^ 0hx 0rà 0|R 0†Î 0T 1uä U,Y 0d… U,é U6B)KDCt AM·v~vÓ” Bg D3„ 0@· AO÷ÆF 0P  0D\ D/  BÏ<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiX%ä2¼A`ArialTT3|x«<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉQX@%ä2¼A`ArialTTt10cpiXXXä2¼P±QXP( ¤T$¡¡Ó  Óo„p2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d7Border 1dd€- Cþÿ << Gÿÿ Ý ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€XÔÌÌFebruary€23,€1996ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA: T Monaco ÒÒ  BA: T Monaco Ò d%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5((3 ¹$¢¢Ý ƒ¤T!ÝÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€X„d&ÓÑ#€Xd#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÙ€€ÙÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€ÔßL€!" ;+'h|` ç `€€LßIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€NASHVILLEÌÌNOVEMBER€1995€SESSIONÌÓ  ÓÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà à€€APPELLEE,à à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€01„C„01„9506„CC„00194Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àWilliamson€CountyÌv.à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àDonald€P.€Harris,€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à(Sentencing)ÌMARK€BORUM,à àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àAPPELLANT.à à)ÌÌÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àà àà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌÌLee€Ofmanà àà àà àà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌAttorney€at€Lawà àà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌ317€Main€Street,€Suite€208à àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌFranklin,€TN€37064à àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àRenee€F.€VidelefskyÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJoseph€D.€BaughÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àP.O.€Box€937Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àFranklin,€TN€37065„0937ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àMark€L.€Puryear,€IIIÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àP.O.€Box€937Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àFranklin,€TN€37065„0937ÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:_________________________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMED€AS€MODIFIEDÌÌÌJoe€B.€Jones,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÓ  Óò òÇØØÙ  ÙÑ7€ÇÇXXdÈXXdÈ7ÑO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óÌÓ  ÓÌÌÌÓÓà àThe€appellant,€Mark€Borum,€was€convicted€of€two€(2)€counts€of€aggravated€rape,Ïa€Class€A€felony,€one€(1)€count€of€aggravated€robbery,€a€Class€B€felony,€and€one€(1)Ïcount€of€aggravated€burglary,€a€Class€C€felony,€following€his€pleas€of€guilty€to€theseÏoffenses.€€€The€trial€court€found€that€the€appellant€was€a€standard€offender€andÏimposed€the€following€sentences:Ìà àa)€Count€1,€aggravated€rape,€confinement€for€twenty„five€(25)€years€in€theÏDepartment€of€Correction;Ìà àb)€Count€2,€aggravated€rape,€confinement€for€twenty„five€(25)€years€in€theÏDepartment€of€Correction;Ìà àc)€€Count€3,€aggravated€robbery,€confinement€for€eight€(8)€years€in€theÏDepartment€of€Correction;€€andÌà àd)€€Count€4,€aggravated€burglary,€confinement€for€six€(6)€years€in€theÏDepartment€of€Correction.ÌThe€sentences€in€Counts€1€and€2€are€to€be€served€concurrently.€€The€sentences€inÏCounts€3€and€4€are€to€be€served€concurrently€to€each€other€and€consecutively€to€theÏsentences€in€Counts€1€and€2.€€The€effective€sentence€imposed€was€confinement€forÏthirty„three€(33)€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction.Ìà àTwo€issues€are€presented€for€review.€€The€appellant€contends€that€theÏsentences€imposed€are€excessive.€€He€also€contends€that€the€trial€court€abused€itsÏdiscretion€by€ordering€consecutive€sentencing.Ìà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed€as€modified.€€The€sentences€forÍaggravated€rape€are€reduced€from€twenty„five€(25)€years€to€twenty„one€(21)€years;€andÏthe€sentence€for€aggravated€burglary€is€reduced€from€six€(6)€years€to€three€(3)€years.€ÏThe€sentence€for€aggravated€robbery,€eight€(8)€years,€will€not€be€disturbed.€€All€of€theÏsentences€are€to€be€served€concurrently.Ìà àThe€appellant€was€thirty„nine€years€of€age€when€he€was€sentenced.€€He€hasÏbeen€married€for€thirteen€and€one„half€years.€€No€children€have€been€born€to€thisÏunion.€€The€appellant€received€a€Bachelor€of€Science€Degree€and€Masters€inÏEducation€from€Middle€Tennessee€State€University.€€He€also€has€earned€in€excess€ofÏeighty€(80)€hours€towards€a€doctorate€degree€in€English.€€The€latter€credits€wereÏearned€at€Ohio€University.€€The€appellant€and€his€wife€amassed€approximatelyÏ$80,000€in€student€loans€for€their€educational€pursuits.€€They€also€had€incurredÏapproximately€$13,000€indebtedness€through€the€use€of€credit€cards.Ìà àDuring€the€course€of€the€appellant's€education,€he€has€taught€at€the€high€schoolÏlevel€and€at€the€college€level.€€He€was€a€teaching€associate€at€Middle€TennesseeÏState€University€and€Ohio€University.€€He€was€selected€by€the€students€as€teacher€ofÏthe€year€at€Ohio€University.€€In€addition,€he€participated€in€children's€summer€schoolÏprograms€for€three€summers.€€When€he€commenced€a€sabbatical€following€the€springÏsemester€in€1994,€the€appellant€and€his€wife€made€jewelry.€€They€sold€the€jewelry€atÏcraft€fairs.€€Neither€the€appellant€nor€his€wife€had€regular€employment€in€June€of€1994.Ìà àThe€appellant's€mother„in„law€died€in€Georgia€in€June€of€1994.€€He€went€to€theÏfuneral€with€his€wife.€While€in€Atlanta,€he€began€thinking€about€"robbing€a€house."€HeÏpurchased€a€toy€plastic€pistol€and€two€pair€of€women's€hose€in€Atlanta.€€As€he€droveÏfrom€Atlanta€to€Franklin€for€a€dental€appointment€on€June€16,€1994,€he€thought€aboutÍwhat€he€might€encounter€and€what€he€would€have€to€do.€€He€said€at€his€sentencingÏhearing€he€never€thought€of€raping€a€victim.€Following€the€dental€appointment,€theÏappellant€drove€through€an€affluent€neighborhood€in€Brentwood.Ìà àThe€appellant€saw€a€lady,€D.P.,€taking€the€mail€from€her€mailbox.€€He€noticedÏthere€was€only€one€car€in€the€garage.€€Shortly€thereafter,€the€appellant€drove€his€carÏinto€the€driveway€of€D.P.'s€home.€€He€left€the€motor€running.€€He€placed€a€stocking€overÏhis€head€and€entered€the€residence€through€the€door€leading€from€the€garage€to€theÏkitchen.€€The€appellant€told€the€victim€to€lay€on€the€floor.€€At€first,€she€thought€it€was€aÏfriend€of€her€son's€playing€a€cruel€joke€on€her.€€Later,€she€realized€the€person€was€aÏstranger.€€The€victim€thought€she€would€be€killed€by€the€perpetrator.€€She€did€not€knowÏthe€appellant's€gun€was€a€toy€plastic€pistol.Ìà àWhen€the€victim€laid€on€the€floor€face€down,€the€appellant€tied€her€hands€behindÏher€back€with€the€other€hose.€€He€then€turned€the€victim€onto€her€back,€removed€herÏshorts€and€undergarments,€and€placed€the€shorts€over€her€head€so€that€she€could€notÏsee€him.€€He€made€her€talk€"dirty"€and€"profane"€to€him.€€He€performed€cunnilingusÏupon€the€victim.€€He€then€vaginally€penetrated€the€victim.€€The€victim€testified€that€theÏappellant€placed€the€gun€to€her€temple€on€two€occasions€to€make€her€cooperate.€€HeÏplaced€a€pair€of€scissors€on€a€chair€so€the€victim€could€cut€herself€loose€once€he€leftÏthe€residence.Ìà àThe€appellant€asked€the€victim€where€she€kept€the€valuables.€€She€rememberedÏthat€there€was€an€envelope€containing€$260€in€a€dresser€drawer.€€She€gave€theÏappellant€detailed€instructions€so€he€could€find€the€money€and,€hopefully,€exit€theÏresidence.€€As€the€appellant€was€descending€the€stairs€from€the€upstairs€bedroom,€theÍvictim's€husband€returned€home€from€a€business€trip€to€Chattanooga.€€The€victim'sÏhusband€and€the€appellant€saw€each€other€at€approximately€the€same€time.€€TheÏappellant€pointed€the€gun€at€the€victim's€husband€and€made€a€noise.€€The€husbandÏthought€the€appellant€had€fired€the€weapon€at€him.€€The€husband€and€the€appellantÏexited€the€residence€through€separate€doors€simultaneously.€€The€appellant€ran€to€hisÏcar€and€drove€away.€€The€victim's€husband€returned€to€the€residence€and€called€911€toÏreport€the€crime.€€The€Brentwood€Police€Department€notified€surrounding€lawÏenforcement€agencies€to€look€for€the€vehicle€and€the€€person€that€the€victim's€husbandÏhad€described.Ìà àOfficers€of€the€Franklin€Police€Department€located€the€appellant's€vehicle€andÏgave€chase.€€The€appellant€threw€the€plastic€gun€out€and€over€the€top€of€his€car€beforeÏhe€was€stopped€by€the€police.€€The€plastic€gun€was€retrieved€by€the€officers.€€Later,€theÏappellant€gave€the€investigating€officers€of€the€Brentwood€Police€Department€aÏconfession.€€While€the€appellant€told€the€officers€that€he€was€monogamous€and€he€hadÏneither€AIDS€nor€the€AIDS'€virus,€he€voluntarily€provided€the€officers€with€a€bloodÏspecimen€so€that€it€could€be€tested€to€determine€if€he€had€this€illness€or€a€venerealÏdisease.€€He€also€provided€a€blood€specimen€so€DNA€testing€could€be€performed.€€TheÏtest€results€positively€identified€the€appellant€as€the€person€who€had€vaginallyÏpenetrated€the€victim.€€€€Ìà àThe€appellant€said€he€never€thought€he€would€actually€commit€the€robbery.€€HeÏnever€contemplated€rape€until€he€was€inside€the€residence.€€At€his€sentencing€hearing,Ïthe€appellant€testified€that€he€used€a€toy€pistol€because€he€did€not€want€anyone€to€getÏhurt.€€He€elected€to€burglarize€a€residence€because€of€the€likelihood€that€no€one€wouldÍget€hurt€and€the€crime€would€be€easier€to€commit.€€When€asked€why€he€did€not€rob€aÏconvenience€market,€the€appellant€testified€that€these€businesses€have€large€volumesÏof€traffic€entering€and€exiting,€and,€furthermore,€the€chance€of€someone€being€injuredÏor€harmed€was€greatly€enhanced.€€The€appellant€was€emphatic€in€his€confession€andÏhis€testimony€that€he€did€not€want€to€hurt€anyone.Ìà àSeveral€people€appeared€and€testified€in€support€of€the€appellant.€€Others€wereÏpresent€but€did€not€testify€as€their€testimony€would€have€been€repetitious.€€Some€ofÏthose€present€and€others€wrote€letters€to€the€court€in€support€of€the€appellant.€€Most€ofÏthese€individuals€had€know€the€appellant€for€several€years.Ìà àThe€individuals€supporting€the€appellant€condemned€the€crimes€that€theÏappellant€committed.€€However,€they€wanted€the€trial€court€to€know€the€person€theyÏknew.€€All€of€these€people€described€the€appellant€as€an€intelligent,€kind,€fun„loving,Ïgentle,€loving,€and€likeable€person€who€cared€about€others.€€His€brother€described€himÏas€a€person€who€wanted€to€make€other€people€feel€good€and€laugh€even€if€it€was€atÏthe€appellant's€expense.€€The€appellant€had€never€engaged€in€violent€conduct€in€theÏpast.€€He€had€never€hit€or€harmed€his€wife.€€The€appellant's€sister„in„law€testified€thatÏshe€thought€the€appellant€was€motivated€by€the€couple's€large€indebtedness€and€theÏdeath€of€his€mother„in„law€with€whom€the€appellant€was€close.Ì€à àThose€close€to€the€appellant€stated€he€had€deep,€sincere€remorse€for€hisÏconduct.€€The€appellant€expressed€this€during€his€testimony.€€€He€apologized€to€theÏvictim€and€her€family€for€what€he€had€done.€€He€said€he€wished€he€could€take€hisÏactions€back,€but€he€knew€that€was€impossible.€€He€further€stated€that€justice€demandsÏhe€serve€a€lengthy€term€in€the€Department€of€Correction€as€a€consequence€of€hisÍactions.€€He€also€thanked€his€wife,€family,€and€friends€for€the€assistance€they€had€givenÏhim€during€his€ordeal.Ìà àIt€was€the€consensus€of€those€writing€letters€and€testifying€that€the€appellantÏneeded€to€be€treated€for€his€condition€by€a€psychiatrist€or€a€psychologist€for€anÏextended€period€of€time.€€They€also€agreed€that€if€this€treatment€was€given,€theÏappellant€could€be€rehabilitated,€and,€when€released,€the€appellant€could€conductÏhimself€as€a€model€citizen.€€While€no€one€thought€the€appellant€would€ever€engage€inÏconduct€like€or€similar€to€the€offenses€of€which€he€stands€convicted,€they€expressed€theÏview€that€the€appellant€would€not€engage€in€such€conduct€in€the€future.Ìà àThe€appellant€testified€that€he€wanted€to€get€to€the€prison€so€that€he€could€getÏprofessional€help.€€He€expressed€a€desire€to€overcome€his€conduct.€€The€appellantÏtestified€that€he€would€cooperate€fully€with€prison€officials€and€any€doctors€assigned€toÏassist€him.ÌÌÓ  Óò òI.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€length€and€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€itÏis€the€duty€of€this€Court€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€on€the€record€with€a€presumptionÏthat€"the€determinations€made€by€the€court€from€which€the€appeal€is€taken€are€correct."€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€"conditioned€upon€theÏaffirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencingÏprinciples€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances."€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,Ï169€(Tenn.€1991).€€The€presumption€does€not€apply€to€the€legal€conclusions€reachedÍby€the€trial€court€in€sentencing€the€accused€or€to€the€determinations€made€by€the€trialÏcourt€which€are€predicated€upon€uncontroverted€facts.€€òòState€v.€Butleróó,€900€S.W.2dÏ305,€311€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994);€€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€891€S.W.2d€922,€929€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1994);€€òòState€v.€Bonestelóó,€871€S.W.2d€163,€166€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1993).€€However,€this€Court€is€required€to€give€great€weight€to€the€trialÏcourt's€determination€of€controverted€facts€as€the€trial€court's€determination€is€basedÏupon€the€witnesses'€demeanor€and€appearance.Ìà àIn€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€Court€must€consider€(a)€anyÏevidence€received€at€the€trial€and/or€sentencing€hearing,€(b)€the€presentence€report,Ï(c)€the€principles€of€sentencing,€(d)€the€arguments€of€counsel€relative€to€sentencingÏalternatives,€(e)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense,€(f)€any€mitigating€orÏenhancing€factors,€(g)€any€statements€made€by€the€accused€in€his€own€behalf,€and€(h)Ïthe€accused's€potential€or€lack€of€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðððð€40„35„103€and€„210;€òòState€v.€Scottóó,€735€S.W.2d€825,€829€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),Ïòòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1987).Ìà àWhen€the€accused€is€the€appellant,€the€accused€has€the€burden€of€establishingÏthat€the€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court€was€erroneous.€€Sentencing€CommissionÏComments€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401;€€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169;€€òòButleróó,€900ÏS.W.2d€at€311.ÌÌÓ  Óò òII.ÌÓ  Óó óÌà àWhen€an€accused€is€convicted€of€a€Class€C,€D,€or€E€felony€and€is€sentenced€asÍan€especially€mitigated€offender€or€a€standard€offender,€there€is€a€presumption,Ïrebuttable€in€nature,€that€the€accused€is€a€favorable€candidate€for€alternativeÏsentencing€options.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð40„35„102(6).€€In€this€case,€the€appellant€wasÏconvicted€of€two€Class€A€and€one€Class€B€felonies.€€The€sentences€for€the€Class€AÏfelonies€do€not€permit€consideration€of€alternative€sentencing.Ìà àSince€the€appellant€was€convicted€of€a€Class€C€felony,€there€was€aÏpresumption,€rebuttable€in€nature,€that€he€was€a€favorable€candidate€for€alternativeÏsentencing.€€Given€the€length€of€the€sentences€in€the€aggravated€rape€cases,€whichÏare€Class€A€felonies,€and€the€fact€that€aggravated€robbery€is€a€Class€B€felony,€anÏacademic€dissertation€on€this€issue€would€be€an€effort€in€futility.€€First,€the€appellant€isÏnot€entitled€to€an€alternative€sentence€in€the€aggravated€rape€cases€due€to€the€lengthÏof€the€sentences.€€Second,€the€effective€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court€was€notÏenlarged€by€the€sentence€in€the€aggravated€burglary€case.€€Third,€when€the€sentencesÏin€the€aggravated€rape€and€aggravated€robbery€cases€have€been€served,€theÏappellant€will€be€entitled€to€his€release€in€the€aggravated€burglary€case.ÌÓ  Óò òIII.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€trial€court€found€that€three€enhancement€factors€were€applicable€to€theÏaggravated€rape€cases.€€The€factors€used€to€enhance€the€appellant's€sentences€were:€Ï(a)€€the€appellant€treated€the€victim€with€exceptional€cruelty€during€the€commission€ofÏthe€offenses,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(5);€€(b)€€the€appellant€committed€the€twoÏrapes€to€gratify€his€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(7);€Ïand€(c)€the€crimes€were€committed€under€circumstances€where€the€potential€for€bodilyÍinjury€to€the€victim€was€great.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(16).€€The€trial€court€alsoÏenhanced€the€aggravated€burglary€case€based€upon€the€appellant's€use€of€a€weaponÏduring€the€commission€of€the€offense.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(9).€€TheÏaggravated€robbery€case€was€enhanced€based€upon€the€fact€the€offense€involvedÏmore€than€one€victim.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(3).€€The€trial€court€found€thatÏthere€were€no€mitigating€circumstances,€and€the€robbery€and€rape€cases€eachÏaggravated€the€other.Ìà àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€considered€a€factor€that€is€notÏenumerated€as€an€enhancement€factor€and€misapplied€other€factors.€€He€contends€thatÏthe€use€of€one€crime€to€aggravate€the€other€is€not€a€listed€enhancement€factor.€€HeÏfurther€contends€that€enhancement€factor€(3)€was€wrongfully€applied€because€thereÏwas€only€one€victim;€€enhancement€factor€(5)€was€wrongfully€applied€because€he€didÏnot€treat€the€victim€with€extreme€cruelty;€€the€state€failed€to€prove€enhancement€factorÏ(7);€€and€enhancement€factor€(16)€is€not€supported€by€the€record.ÌÌÓ  Óò òA.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌ€à àThe€only€factors€that€can€be€used€to€enhance€a€sentence€within€the€appropriateÏrange€are€the€factors€contained€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114.€€òòState€v.€Stricklandóó,Ï895€S.W.2d€85,€89€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1994);€€òòState€v.ÏDykesóó,€803€S.W.2d€250,€258„59€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1990).€ÏOne€of€the€goals€of€the€Tennessee€Criminal€Sentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989€was€toÏ"assure€fair€and€consistent€treatment€of€all€defendants€by€eliminating€unjustifiedÍdisparity€in€sentencing€and€providing€a€fair€sense€of€predictability€of€the€criminal€lawÏand€its€sanctions."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„102(2).€€This€goal€could€not€beÏaccomplished€if€trial€courts€were€permitted€to€enhance€sentences€within€theÏappropriate€range€for€reasons€outside€the€statute.€€Thus,€if€the€trial€court€intended€toÏenhance€one€offense€committed€by€the€appellant€because€he€committed€anotherÏoffense€as€part€of€the€same€criminal€episode,€it€was€an€erroneous€enhancement€of€theÏoffenses.ÌÌÓ  Óò òB.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€trial€court€properly€used€enhancement€factor€(7)€because€it€is€obvious€thatÏthe€appellant€committed€the€two€aggravated€rapes€for€his€personal€gratification€orÏenjoyment.€€The€appellant€made€the€victim€lay€face€down€on€the€floor€while€he€tied€herÏhands.€€He€then€placed€his€hands€on€her€buttocks€and€commented:€€"I€need€to€checkÏthis€out."€€€He€immediately€turned€the€victim€over€so€that€she€was€facing€him.€€HeÏremoved€her€shorts€and€undergarments€and€placed€them€over€her€head.€€HeÏdemanded€that€she€talk€"dirty"€to€him.€€He€fondled€her€breasts€and€performedÏcunnilingus€upon€her.€€He€then€vaginally€penetrated€her.€€Thus,€the€state€establishedÏthis€factor.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Adamsóó,€€864€S.W.2d€31,€34„35€(Tenn.€1993).Ìà àThe€trial€court€properly€applied€enhancement€factor€(5).€€The€evidenceÏestablishes€that€the€appellant€treated€the€victim€with€exceptional€cruelty€during€theÏcommission€of€the€offense.€€On€two€separate€occasions€the€appellant€placed€what€theÏvictim€thought€was€a€real€gun€to€her€temple€in€an€effort€to€make€her€cooperate€while€heÍraped€her.€€This€conduct€went€beyond€the€elements€of€the€offense.€€The€victimÏsubmitted€to€the€appellant,€followed€his€directions,€laid€on€the€floor€as€directed,€had€herÏhands€tied€behind€her€back,€and€was€threatened€by€the€appellant€with€the€gun.€€TheÏvictim€thought€on€both€occasions€that€the€appellant€would€kill€her€unless€she€didÏprecisely€as€the€appellant€ordered.€€€€This€was€sufficient€to€establish€this€factor.ÌÌÓ  Óò òC.ó óÌÓ  Ó€€Ìà àThe€trial€court€used€factor€(16)€to€enhance€the€punishment€in€the€rape€cases.€ÏThis€factor€permits€the€enhancement€of€a€sentence€within€the€appropriate€range€whenÏthe€"crime€was€committed€under€circumstances€under€which€the€potential€for€bodilyÏinjury€to€a€victim€was€great."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(16).€€In€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€891ÏS.W.2d€922€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1994),€where€the€accused€wasÏconvicted€of€aggravated€burglary€and€aggravated€rape,€this€Court€held€that€this€factorÏshould€not€be€applied€in€a€conviction€for€aggravated€rape€unless€there€areÏextraordinary€circumstances€in€addition€to€the€elements€of€the€crime.€€In€òòSmithóó€thisÏCourt€said:ÌÒ ¸ ÒÒ  ÒÓÓÌ"The€General€Assembly€has€seen€fit€to€enhance€theÏpunishment€for€aggravated€burglary€and€aggravated€rape.€ÏIn€doing€so,€the€General€Assembly€recognized€that€theÏpotential€for€bodily€injury€to€the€victim€is€great€when€theseÏcrimes€are€committed.€€Thus,€a€trial€court€should€not€applyÏthis€factor€absent€extraordinary€circumstances.€€There€areÏno€extraordinary€circumstances€in€this€case€which€warrantÏthe€application€of€this€factor.€€The€trial€court€properlyÏrefrained€from€using€this€factor€to€enhance€the€appellant'sÏsentence€for€aggravated€rape€but€improperly€applied€it€toÍthe€aggravated€burglary.€.€.€.€ÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓ891€S.W.2d€at€930„31.€€Thus,€the€trial€court€should€not€have€used€this€factor€toÏincrease€the€appellant's€sentences€for€aggravated€rape.ÌÌÓ  Óò òD.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€state€concedes€that€the€sentence€in€the€burglary€case€should€not€haveÏbeen€enhanced€on€the€ground€the€appellant€used€a€weapon.€€Factor€(9)€states€that€aÏsentence€may€be€increased€in€the€appropriate€range€when€the€"defendant€possessedÏor€employed€a€firearm,€explosive€device€or€other€deadly€weapon€during€theÏcommission€of€the€offense."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(9).€€It€is€uncontradicted€thatÏthe€appellant€used€a€toy€plastic€pistol.€€Thus,€this€factor€should€not€have€been€appliedÏin€the€burglary€case.Ìà àAs€for€the€sentence€in€the€robbery€case,€the€application€of€enhancement€factorÏ(3)€presents€a€complex€issue.€€The€application€of€this€factor€was€predicated€upon€theÏvictim's€husband€returning€to€the€residence€while€the€robbery€was€in€progress.€€It€is€notÏdisputed€that€when€the€husband€returned€from€a€business€trip€and€entered€theÏresidence,€the€appellant€had€been€to€the€bedroom,€obtained€the€money€from€a€dresserÏdrawer,€and€was€about€to€exit€the€residence.€€When€the€appellant€and€the€victim'sÏhusband€made€eye€contact,€the€appellant€pointed€the€toy€pistol€at€him.€€In€short,€theÏrobbery€had€been€completed€when€the€husband€appeared.€€Moreover,€the€stateÏcharged€the€appellant€with€an€assault€against€the€husband€but€a€nolle€prosequi€wasÍlater€entered.€€The€husband€was€not€named€in€the€robbery€count€of€the€indictment.€ÏAfter€much€consternation,€this€Court€is€of€the€opinion€that€this€factor€should€not€haveÏbeen€used€to€enhance€the€robbery€conviction€since€the€offense€had€been€completedÏand€the€appellant€was€leaving€the€premises.ÌÌÓ  Óò òE.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€trial€court€found€that€there€were€no€mitigating€factors.€€This€Court€is€of€theÏopinion€that€there€are€mitigating€factors€supported€by€the€record.€€First,€the€appellantÏcommitted€all€of€these€offenses€under€such€unusual€circumstances€that€it€is€highlyÏunlikely€that€a€sustained€intent€to€violate€the€law€motivated€his€conduct.€€The€appellantÏexpressed€surprise€that€he€actually€committed€the€offenses€in€question.€€He€did€not€feelÏthat€he€could€commit€such€an€offense.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(11).€€He€has€alsoÏexpressed€remorse.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(13).ÌÌÓ  Óò òIV.ó óÌÓ  Óà àà àà àà à€€€€à àà àà à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àThe€trial€court€ordered€that€the€two€aggravated€rape€convictions€should€beÏserved€consecutively€to€the€aggravated€robbery€conviction.€€According€to€the€trial€court,Ïthe€appellant€is€a€dangerous€offender.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(4).Ìà àAn€accused€qualifies€as€a€dangerous€offender€when€his€"behavior€indicatesÏlittle€or€no€regard€for€human€life,€and€[he€has]€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€inÏwhich€the€risk€to€human€life€is€high."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(4);€òòseeóó€òòGray€v.ÍStateóó,€538€S.W.2d€391,€393€(Tenn.€1976).€€In€this€case,€most€of€the€offenses€theÏappellant€committed€qualified€him€as€a€"dangerous€offender."€€However,€this€fact,Ïstanding€alone,€will€not€justify€consecutive€sentencing.€€òòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2dÏ933,€938€(Tenn.€1995);€€òòState€v.€Woodsóó,€814€S.W.2d€378,€380€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.Ïòòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1991).€€As€the€Supreme€Court€said€in€òòWilkersonóó:ÌÒ ¸ ÒÒ  ÒÓÓÌAs€previously€stated€in€this€opinion,€the€imposition€ofÏconsecutive€sentences€on€an€offender€found€to€be€aÏdangerous€offender€requires,€in€addition€to€the€applicationÏof€general€principles€of€sentencing,€the€finding€that€anÏextended€sentence€is€necessary€to€protect€the€publicÏagainst€further€criminal€conduct€by€the€defendant€and€thatÏthe€consecutive€sentences€must€reasonably€relate€to€theÏseverity€of€the€offenses€committed.ÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓ905€S.W.2d€at€939;€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Tayloróó,€739€S.W.2d€227,€230€(Tenn.€1987).Ìà àIn€the€context€of€this€case,€consecutive€sentencing€was€not€warranted.€€TheÏappellant€used€a€toy€plastic€pistol€because€he€did€not€want€to€hurt€anyone.€€He€did€notÏattempt€to€inflict€physical€injury€to€the€victim.€€To€the€contrary,€he€placed€a€pair€ofÏscissors€in€close€proximity€to€the€victim€so€that€she€could€free€herself€after€he€exited€theÏresidence.€€Moreover,€the€overwhelming€weight€of€the€evidence€is€that€the€appellantÏcan€be€rehabilitated.€€Ìà àThe€appellant€had€lived€an€exemplary€life€prior€to€the€commission€of€theseÏoffenses.€€He€is€highly€intelligent€and€has€almost€finished€the€required€courses€toÏobtain€a€doctorate€degree€in€English.€€He€is€supported€by€his€wife,€his€relatives,€hisÏwife's€relatives,€and€the€friends€that€know€him.€€They€spoke€of€the€appellant€they€knew.€ÏHe€was€described€as€a€kind,€gentle,€loving,€and€docile€person.€€He€had€neverÍcommitted€a€violent€act€in€the€past.€The€appellant€had€assisted€many€individuals€in€theÏpast€and€wanted€others€to€be€happy€even€if€it€meant€joking€about€himself.€€He€wasÏgiven€tremendous€responsibility€by€his€professors€while€teaching€at€Ohio€University.€ÏHe€used€his€summers€to€teach€in€a€program€for€children.€€The€students€at€OhioÏUniversity€selected€him€as€the€teacher€of€the€year.€€Every€witness€testified€that€theÏconduct€in€question€was€out€of€character€for€the€appellant.€€He€expressed€extremeÏremorse€and€apologized€to€the€victim€and€her€husband.€€Ìà àWhile€the€appellant€refused€to€make€excuses€for€his€conduct,€it€is€quite€apparentÏthat€he€was€motivated€by€the€large€debt€that€he€and€his€wife€had€amassed.€€They€hadÏ$80,000€in€student€loans€outstanding.€€In€addition,€there€was€$13,000€in€credit€cardÏdebts.€€Neither€he€nor€his€wife€had€a€job€at€the€time.€€They€were€trying€to€make€a€livingÏby€manufacturing€jewelry€and€selling€the€jewelry€at€craft€fairs.Ìà àThis€Court€finds€that€all€of€the€sentences€imposed€by€the€trial€court€should€beÏserved€concurrently.€€Consecutive€sentencing€is€not€required€in€this€case€to€"protectÏthe€public€against€further€criminal€conduct"€on€the€part€of€the€appellant,€and€theÏconsecutive€sentences€imposed€by€the€trial€court€did€not€"reasonably€relate€to€theÏseverity€of€the€offenses"€he€committed.€€òòWilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€at€939.ÌÌÓ  Óò òCONCLUSIONó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThis€Court€finds€that€there€are€two€enhancement€factors€and€two€mitigatingÏfactors€present€in€the€aggravated€rape€cases.€€Given€the€weight€the€trial€court€gave€toÏthe€enhancement€factors,€the€sentences€in€these€cases€should€be€reduced€fromÍtwenty„five€(25)€years€to€twenty„one€(21)€years.€€The€sentence€in€the€aggravatedÏburglary€case€should€be€reduced€to€the€minimum€sentence.€€The€sentence€forÏaggravated€burglary€is€reduced€from€six€(6)€years€to€three€(3)€years.€€The€sentence€inÏthe€aggravated€robbery€case,€eight€(8)€years,€is€the€minimum€for€that€offense.€€All€of€theÏsentences€are€to€be€served€concurrently.€€The€effective€sentence€is€confinement€forÏtwenty„one€(21)€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction.€€à à€€€€€€ÌÓÓÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà à_______________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€€€JOE€B.€JONES,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ_____________________________________Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€JOHN€H.€PEAY,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ____________________________________Ì€JOSEPH€H.€WALKER,€III,€SPECIAL€JUDGEÌ