WPC* #VU> % 0 UB 4O c nr 0J 0Ti 0^ 0h 0r 0| 0q 0 1u U, 0d(U,U6U.U*B)FDCo AM Bv~v6 D3  0@< AO| 0  0D D/ B HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPT,,,,0og1Bg;Bnj 4~><( 9Z &Courier RegularX($  7KXXdXXd7    iUX` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AXi<6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpic`3|x:<6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXx6X@JQX@2 0Indent123  2" 0Indent20 23  2, 0Indent30 0 23  26 0Indent40 0 0 23  2@ 0Indent50 0 0 0 23  2J 0Indent60 0 0 0 0 23  2T 0Indent70 0 0 0 0 0 23  2^ 0Indent80 0 0 0 0 0 0 23    ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)<  9p`(ModernP 8Mac DefaultMac Default ` X<  9p`(Monaco<  9p`(Courier New<  9p`(Courier<  9p`(Arial% Line 7 d""""7Border 1dd-#C << G d  !  #d#  #d#  ` X  "  !!   YYY FILED!X January12,1996CecilCrowson,Jr.!AppellateCourtClerk PtPtHH(FG(HH(d'@Styl{WP}01  HH  2$HH  Geneva  <Px443!#4$*$$*$ KK  Geneva  Geneva .,6 Monaco   BA: T Monaco  BA: T Monaco %%%%'dxd("$    -C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3$ !  7(XXdXXd7    iUX` hp x (#%'0*,.8135@8:<H?AXi  ($$   1  ' dxdP Pd ! . &Xd&#Xd#  #  Xd##  Xd#  ` X  4  h     \RA'\!L$&#;+'h|`  `L@ INTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE@ ATKNOXVILLE@   JUNESESSION,1995JULIUSFATEBRANAM,  )    ) Appellant,  ) No.03C019502CR00034    )    ) BradleyCountyv.    )    ) Hon.MayoL.Mashburn,Judge    )STATEOFTENNESSEE, ) (PostConviction)    ) Appellee.  )FortheAppellant:    FortheAppellee:A.WayneCarter    CharlesW.BursonAssistantPublicDefender   AttorneyGeneralofTennesseeP.O.Box1453   andCleveland,TN373641453  CharlotteH.Rappuhn     AssistantAttorneyGeneralofTennessee     450JamesRobertsonParkway     Nashville,TN372430493     JerryN.Estes     DistrictAttorneyGeneral       and     RebbleS.Johnson     AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneral     203E.MadisonAve.     Athens,TN373030647          OPINIONFILED:_______________________AFFIRMED̀JosephM.TiptonJudge     OPINION   Thisisanappealasofrightfromajudgmentofthetrialcourtdenyingtheappellant'sapplicationforpostconvictionrelief.ThepetitionerwasconvictedoffirstdegreemurderonOctober18,1979,andwassentencedtolifeimprisonment.Hisconvictionwasaffirmedonappeal.Statev.Branam,604S.W.2d892(Tenn.Crim.App.),app.denied(Tenn.Sept.2,1980).OnJuly26,1988,hefiledapetitionforpostconvictionreliefassertingthathereceivedtheineffectiveassistanceofcounselandthathisconvictionresultedfromaviolationofdueprocessbecausethetrialcourt'sjuryinstructionregardingmaliceviolatedSandstromv.Montana,442U.S.510,99S.Ct.2450(1979).Thetrialcourtsummarilydismissedthepetition,butthiscourtvacatedthedismissalandremandedthecasefortheappointmentofcounselandanevidentiaryhearingontheSandstromissue.JuliusFateBranamv.State,No.03C019204CR00066,BradleyCo.(Tenn.Crim.App.Aug.12,1993).Onremand,thetrialcourtappointedcounseltoassistthepetitioner.Aftercounselforthepetitionerandstateadvisedthecourtthatnoevidenceotherthanthetrialtranscriptwastobeoffered,thetrialcourtdismissedthepetitiononthemeritswithoutanevidentiaryhearing.Thetrialcourtruledthatthejuryinstructionsgivenatthepetitioner'strialdidnotviolateSandstromandthatevenifthejuryinstructionscontainedaSandstromerror,theguiltofthepetitionerwassooverwhelmingthatsucherrorwasharmlessbeyondareasonabledoubt.̀ ThedefendantcontendsthatthetrialcourterredbyrulingthatnoSandstromerroroccurred,buthefailstoaddresstheeffectoftheallegederror.ThestateconcedesthatthetrialcourtmayhaveerredinitsfindingofnoSandstromerrorbutarguesthatanySandstromerrorwasharmless.Afterathoroughreviewoftherecord,weconcludethatthemaliceinstructiongivenatthedefendant'strialisunconstitutionalunderSandstrom.However,becauseoftheoverwhelmingevidenceofthedefendant'sguilt,weholdthattheerrorwasharmlessbeyondareasonabledoubt. InSandstrom,theSupremeCourtheldthataninstructionwhicheffectivelytellsthejurythattheyaretopresumetheexistenceofmalice,whensuchisanelementoftheoffense,impermissiblyshiftstheburdenofprooftothedefendant.AlthoughSandstromwasdecidedbeforethepetitioner'strial,TennesseedidnotadoptSandstromuntilOctoberof1984,whenoursupremecourtdecidedStatev.Bolin,678S.W.2d40,45(Tenn.1984).BecausethepetitionerwasconvictedbeforeTennesseecourtsimplementedtheSandstromruling,theallegederrorisacognizablegroundforpostconvictionrelief.See,e.g.,Swansonv.State,749S.W.2d731,736(Tenn.1988). Atthepetitioner'strial,thetrialcourtchargedthejurythatthestatehadtheburdenofprovingbeyondareasonabledoubt:  8 (2)thatthekillingwasmalicious;thatis,thatthedefendantwasofthestateofmindtodotheallegedwrongfulactwithoutlegaljustificationorexcuse.Ifitisshownbeyondareasonabledoubtthattheallegedvictimwaskilled,thekillingispresumedtobemaliciousintheabsenceofevidencewhichwouldrebuttheimpliedpresumption[.]  Thiswastheonlychargeonmalicecontainedinthefirstdegreemurderinstruction,althoughthetrialcourtgaveamorecompleteexplanationofmaliceintheseconddegreemurderinstruction.InStatev.Martin,702S.W.2d560(Tenn.1985),overruledonothergroundsbyStatev.Brown,836S.W.2d530,54243(Tenn.1992),thetrialcourtgavethissamemalicechargetothejuryinitsinstructionoffirstdegreemurderandgavefullexplanationsofexpressandimpliedmaliceinitsseconddegreemurderinstruction.AlthoughthefirstdegreemurderinstructioninMartin"wasprecededbygeneralinstructionsthatthestatemustestablisheachoftheelementsoftheoffensebeyondareasonabledoubt"andwasfollowedby"generalinstructionsconcerningthepresumptionofinnocenceandreasonabledoubt,"oursupremecourtheldthattheinstructionswerenotconstitutionallysufficientunderSandstrom.LiketheinstructioninMartin,theinstructiononmaliceinthepresentcasewasinadequate,despitethefactthatthetrialcourtgavegeneralinstructionsconcerningtheburdenofproof. Havingconcludedthattheinstructionsgivenatthepetitioner'strialviolatedSandstrom,wemustdeterminewhethertheerrorisharmless.Rosev.Clark,478U.S.570,580,106S.Ct.3101,3109(1986);Statev.Bolin,678S.W.2d40,45(Tenn.1984).Theproofatthepetitioner'strialshowedthatthepetitionerwaslessthanfivefeetawayfromthevictimwhenheshothiminthebackwitha12gaugeshotgun.Fromadistanceofgreaterthanfivefeet,thepetitionerfiredanothershotintothesideofthevictim'sback.Thepetitionertestifiedthatheshotthevictim.Althoughheclaimedtheshootingwasinselfdefense,thepetitioneradmittedthatthevictimwastryingtowalkorrunawayfromhimatthetimeoftheshooting. Maliceis"anintenttodoharmorcauseinjurytoanother,butnotnecessarilytocausedeath."Welchv.State,836S.W.2d586,591(Tenn.Crim.App.)(citationomitted),app.denied(Tenn.Mar.6,1992).Thepetitionerintentionallyshotthevictimwitha12gaugeshotgun.Hisintenttodoharmisapparent,andtheelementofmaliceestablishedbeyondanyreasonabledoubt. Inconsiderationoftheforegoingandtherecordasawhole,thejudgmentofthetrialcourtisaffirmed.     _________________________________     JosephM.Tipton,JudgeCONCUR:____________________________JerryScott,PresidingJudge____________________________JosephS.Daniel,SpecialJudge