ÿWPCñ %U: %P 0ÜVw@24r†• 0  0D½ 0J 0TK 0^Ÿ 0hý 0re 0|× 0†S 0Ù 1ui 0dÞ U*B Bl ㉠õl ?av~ vÓ,c½¬AZ‹"Arial RegularX(´`$¡¡Ñ°ÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€‰GXXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  Ñ stEuvDwxyDzD{|DÍD0"D«D¬3|x|(Ð(3¯ $¤¤Ý ƒ`!ÝѰÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€ùåXXdæXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Arial d ÙÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóHowell€testified€that€he€had,€on€previous€occasions,€made€personal€loans€to€theÏappellant.€€However,€on€the€date€in€question,€he€did€not€have€the€extra€money.Ì ëÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóOther€jurisdictions,€which€have€also€adopted€the€Model€Penal€Code€and€which€haveÏstatutory€provisions€for€aggravated€assault€and€aggravated€robbery€similarly€defined€to€those€inÏthis€state,€have€consistently€held€aggravated€assault€to€be€a€lesser€included€offense€of€aggravatedÏrobbery.€€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€€òòBishop€v.€Stateóó,€742€S.W.2d€911,€915€(Ark.€1988);€òòCommonwealth€v.ÏNelsonóó,€486€A.2d€1340,€1347€(Pa.€Super.€1984).€€Ì 5Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóAs€to€this€issue,€it€is€interesting€to€note€that€one€juror,€prior€to€the€onset€of€deliberations,Ïinquired€as€to€whether€"the€main€focus€here€is€robbery€and€not€the€assault?€€The€assault€isÏsecondary€to€the€primary€charge€of€robbery;€is€that€correct?"ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ý›ò òÞ ÞÌà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€JACKSONÌà@ àJANUARY€SESSION,€1997Ìó óÌÌÌÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEó ó,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€02C01„9602„CR„00050Ìà àAppelleeà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àSHELBY€COUNTYÌvs.à àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àHon.€ò òBERNIE€WEINMANó ó,€JudgeÌò òGEORGE€BROOKSó ó,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à à(Aggravated€Robbery)Ìà àAppellantà àà àà à)ÌÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:ÌÌò òWALKER€GWINNó óà àà àò òà àà àœCHARLES€W.€BURSONó ó›ÌAsst.€Public€Defenderà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌ201€Poplar,€Suite€2„01à àÌMemphis,€TN€€38103à àà àà àò òSARAH€M.€BRANCHó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€AttorneyÏGeneralà àà àà àà àà àà àà àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌò òA.€C.€WHARTON,€JR.ó óà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493à àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àÌAt€Trial:à àà àà àà àà àò òWILLIAM€GIBBONSó óÌò òDIANE€THACKERYó óà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌAsst.€Public€DefenderÌ201€Poplar€„€2nd€Flà àà àà àà àò òP.€T.€HOOVERó óÌMemphis,€Tn€€38103à àà àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à201€Poplar€Avenue€„€3rd€FlÌà àà àà àà àà àà àMemphis,€TN€€38103ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌò òREVERSED€AND€REMANDEDó óÌÌÌÌò òDavid€G.€Hayesó óÌJudgeÇÓÓà@ àòòò òOPINIONóóó óÌÌà àà àThe€appellant,€George€Brooks,€was€convicted€by€a€Shelby€CountyÏjury€of€aggravated€robbery,€a€class€B€felony.€€òòSeeóó€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„402€(1991).€€The€trial€court€sentenced€the€appellant€to€eight€(8)€yearsÏimprisonment€in€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Correction.€€On€appeal,€theÏappellant€contends€(1)€that€the€convicting€evidence€is€insufficient,€(2)€that€theÏtrial€court€failed€to€instruct€the€jury€on€the€statutory€definition€of€"serious€bodilyÏinjury,"€and€(3)€that€the€trial€court€failed€to€charge€the€jury€on€aggravated€assault,Ïa€lesser€included€offense.ÌÌà àAfter€a€review€of€the€record,€we€reverse€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€andÏremand€for€a€new€trial.ÌÌÌà@ àò òI.€€Backgroundó óÌÌà àThe€appellant€and€Terry€Howell,€the€victim€in€this€case,€were€co„employees€at€United€Liquors€Corporation€in€Memphis€and€were€also€socialÏacquaintances.€€On€several€occasions€on€the€date€of€March€25,€1994,€theÍappellant€asked€Howell€for€a€loan€of€œtwenty€dollars,›€which€Howell€refused.× ƒ ××  ×€ÏAfter€completing€his€shift€at€United€Liquors,€Howell€visited€with€a€friend,€and€theÏtwo€consumed€a€six„pack€of€beer€and€a€small€amount€of€liquor.€€ÌÌà àAround€8:00€p.m.,€Howell€left€his€friend's€house€and€began€walkingÏhome.€€The€shortest€route€to€his€home€was€through€an€alley€that€runs€behind€theÏappellant's€home.€€Howell€testified€that€the€appellant€met€him€in€the€alley€and,Ïagain,€requested€a€loan€of€twenty€dollars.€€When€Howell€refused,€the€appellantÏhit€him€in€the€face€with€an€unidentified€black€object.€€After€this€attack,€HowellÏnoticed€that€sixty€dollars€was€missing€from€his€shirt€pocket.ÌÌà àAs€a€result€of€the€assault,€Howell€sustained€two€broken€bones€in€his€jaw.€ÏIn€addition,€his€cheekbone€was€crushed.€€Howell's€injuries€also€includedÏpermanent€damage€to€his€eye€and€the€loss€of€feeling€in€his€mouth.€€The€medicalÏrecords€introduced€confirmed€that€the€victim€was€treated€in€the€emergency€roomÏat€Baptist€Hospital€Central€and€that€his€injuries€required€surgery€and€follow„upÏtreatment.ÌÌà àJerome€Smith,€Bill€March,€and€Paul€Gray,€the€appellant's€co„workers€atÏUnited€Liquors,€testified€that,€at€work,€on€the€Monday€following€this€incident,€theÍappellant€bragged€about€the€beating€he€inflicted€upon€Howell.€€Smith,€theÏappellant's€supervisor,€further€testified€that€the€appellant€boasted€that€he€hadÏpunched€Howell€because€Howell€insisted€upon€smoking€crack€cocaine€in€theÏpresence€of€some€children.€€Moreover,€Smith€testified€that,€since€beingÏsubpoenaed€to€testify€in€this€case,€the€appellant€has€been€verbally€abusiveÏtowards€Smith,€including€physical€threats.€€The€defense€offered€no€proof.ÌÌà àBased€upon€this€evidence,€the€jury€found€the€appellant€guilty€ofÏaggravated€robbery.ÌÌÌà@ àò òII.€€Sufficiency€of€the€Evidenceó óÌÌà àThe€appellant€first€argues€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€hisÏconviction€for€aggravated€robbery.€€Specifically,€he€asserts€that€the€proof€failedÏto€show€that€the€victim€sustained€"serious€bodily€injury"€as€defined€by€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(a)(33)€(1991).€€We€disagree.ÌÌà àWhen€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence€is€challenged€on€appeal,Ïthis€court€must€determine€whether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€mostÏfavorable€to€the€State,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essentialÏelements€of€the€offense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443ÍU.S.€307,€319,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979);€€òòState€v.€Cazesóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,Ï259€(Tenn.1994),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€€„„„€U.S.€„„„„,€115€S.Ct.€743€(1995);€ÏTenn.R.App.P.€13(e).€€This€means€that€an€appellate€court€may€neither€reweighÏnor€reevaluate€the€evidence€when€determining€its€sufficiency.€€òòState€v.ÏCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.1978).€€The€reviewing€court€must€alsoÏaccredit€the€testimony€of€the€witnesses€for€the€State€and€resolve€all€conflicts€inÏfavor€of€the€State's€theory.€€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€657€S.W.2d€405,€410€(Tenn.1983),Ïòòcert.€deniedóó,€465€U.S.€1073,€104€S.Ct.€1429€(1984).€€Additionally,€because€aÏjury€conviction€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€and€replaces€it€with€oneÏof€guilt,€a€convicted€defendant€has€the€burden€of€demonstrating€that€theÏevidence€is€insufficient.€€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.1982).€ÏThis€court,€therefore,€will€not€disturb€a€guilty€verdict€unless€the€facts€contained€inÏthe€record€and€the€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€therefrom€are€insufficient,€asÏa€matter€of€law,€for€a€rational€trier€of€fact€to€find€the€accused€guilty€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt.€€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€780€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1990).€ÌÌà àAggravated€robbery€requires€that€a€robbery€be€accomplished€with€aÏdeadly€weapon€òòoróó€that€the€victim€suffer€serious€bodily€injury.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ39„13„402.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(a)(33)€defines€"serious€bodily€injury"Ïas€"bodily€injury€which€involves:"ÌÓÓà8 à(A)€€A€substantial€risk€of€death;Ìà8 à(B)€€Protracted€unconsciousness;Ìà8 à(C)€€Extreme€physical€pain;Ìà8 à(D)€€Protracted€or€obvious€disfigurement;€orÌà8 à(E)€€Protracted€loss€or€substantial€impairment€of€a€function€of€aÏbodily€member,€organ,€or€mental€faculty.ÌÌÌÓӜ̛à àAt€trial,€the€State€produced€undisputed€proof€demonstrating€that€HowellÏsuffered€permanent€damage€to€his€left€eye,€requiring€the€insertion€of€a€plate,Ïand€has€also€lost€the€feeling€in€his€mouth€as€a€result€of€the€blow€inflicted€by€theÏappellant.€€This€evidence€sufficiently€establishes€that€the€victim€suffered€"aÏprotracted€loss€or€substantial€impairment€of€a€function€of€a€bodily€member,Ïorgan,€or€mental€faculty."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(a)(33)(E).€€Thus,€weÏhold€that,€from€this€evidence,€the€jury€could€have€rationally€convicted€theÏappellant€of€aggravated€robbery.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÌà@ àò òIII.€€Instruction€on€"Serious€Bodily€Injury"ó óÌÌà àNext,€the€appellant€alleges€that€the€trial€court€failed€to€instruct€the€jury€asÏto€the€statutory€definition€of€"serious€bodily€injury."€€The€record€reflects€that€theÏtrial€court€did€so€instruct€the€jury.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÌà@ àò òIV.€€Lesser€Offensesó óÌÌà àIn€his€final€issue,€the€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€failed€toÏinstruct€the€jury€as€to€the€"lesser€offense€of€aggravated€assault."€€The€StateÏresponds€that€aggravated€assault€is€not€a€lesser€included€offense€of€aggravatedÏrobbery,€or,€in€the€alternative,€that€the€evidence€clearly€demonstrates€that€theÏappellant€is€guilty€of€the€greater€offense€and,€therefore,€the€omission€of€theÏinstruction€was€harmless.€€Thus,€we€must€first€determine€whether,€under€theÏfacts€of€this€case,€aggravated€assault€is€a€lesser€offense€or€lesser€grade€ofÏaggravated€robbery,€and,€if€so,€whether€the€proof€presented€at€trial€required€anÏinstruction€on€aggravated€assault.€ÌÌà àIn€determining€whether€one€offense€is€a€lesser€grade€of€another,€"[o]neÏneed€only€look€to€the€statutes€to€determine€whether€a€given€offense€is€a€lesserÏgrade."€€òòTrustyóó,€919€S.W.2d€305,€310€(Tenn.€1996).€€The€offense€of€robbery€isÏdivided€into€the€following€grades:€robbery,€aggravated€robbery,€especiallyÏaggravated€robbery,€and€carjacking.€€Clearly,€aggravated€assault€is€not€a€lesserÏgrade€of€aggravated€robbery.€€ÌÌà àHowever,€a€lesser€included€offense€differs€from€a€lesser€grade€or€class€ofÏthe€crime€charged.€"[A]n€offense€qualifies€as€a€lesser€included€offense€only€if€theÏelements€of€the€included€offense€are€a€subset€of€the€elements€of€the€chargedÍoffense€and€only€if€the€greater€offense€cannot€be€committed€without€alsoÏcommitting€the€lesser€offense."€€òòTrustyóó,€919€S.W.2d€at€310€(citing€òòSchmuck€v.ÏUnited€Statesóó,€489€U.S.€705,€716,€109€S.Ct.€1443,€1450„1451€(1989)).€€TheÏstandard€is€that€"[t]he€lesser€offense€may€not€require€proof€of€any€element€notÏincluded€in€the€greater€offense€as€charged€in€the€indictment."€€òòIdóó.€at€311Ï(interpreting€òòHoward€v.€Stateóó,€578€S.W.2d€83,€85€(Tenn.€1979)).€€Thus,€a€lesserÏincluded€offense€need€not€originate€from€the€same€class€as€the€greater€offense,Ïas€long€as€the€lesser€offense€is€established€by€proof€of€the€same€or€less€than€allÏthe€elements€required€to€establish€the€commission€of€the€offense€charged.ÌÌà àIn€the€present€case,€the€indictment€charged€that:ÌÓÓà8 à[George€Brooks]€.€.€.€did€unlawfully,€intentionally,€knowingly,€andÏviolently,€engage€in€conduct,€as€a€result€of€which€TERRY€W.ÏHOWELL€suffered€serious€bodily€injury,€and€did€obtain€from€theÏperson€of€TERRY€W.€HOWELL,€a€sum€of€money,€all€under€theÏvalue€of€five€hundred€dollars€.€.€.€€in€violation€of€T.C.A.€39„13„402.€.Ï.€.ÌÓÓÌAggravated€robbery€requires€the€"intentional€or€knowing€theft€of€property€fromÏthe€person€of€another€by€violence€or€putting€the€person€in€fear,"€òòandóó,€as€chargedÏin€the€present€case,€where€the€victim€suffers€òòserious€bodily€injuryóó.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€39„13„401,€„402.€€€Under€the€facts€of€this€case,€the€relevant€provision€ofÏthe€aggravated€assault€statute€provides€that€a€person€commits€an€aggravatedÏassault€when€that€person€œintentionally›€or€knowingly€causes€œserious€bodily€injuryÍto€the€victim.€€Tenn.›€Code€Ann.€ðð€œ39„13„101(a)€(1)€and€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„102(a)(1)(A).€€In›€the€present€case,€the€elements€of€aggravated€assault€areÏnecessarily€included€within€the€elements€of€aggravated€robbery.€€Thus,Ïaggravated€assault€is€a€lesser€included€offense€of€aggravated€robbery.€€WeÏacknowledge€that€the€appellate€courts€of€this€state€have€repeatedly€held€thatÏassault€is€a€lesser€included€offense€of€robbery.€€òòJames€v.€Stateóó,€385€S.W.2d€86,Ï88€(Tenn.€1964),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€381€U.S.€941,€85€S.Ct.€1777€(1965);€òòState€v.ÏSmithóó,€751€S.W.2d€468,€471€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988);€òòState€v.€Newsomeóó,€744ÏS.W.2d€911,€915€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987);€òòState€v.€Shawóó,€619€S.W.2d€546,€549Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1981).€€Moreover,€this€court€has€previously€held€thatÏaggravated€assault€is€a€lesser€included€offense€of€attempted€aggravatedÏrobbery€when€the€indictment€relies€upon€the€element€of€"serious€bodily€injury."ÏòòSeeóó€€òòState€v.€Armstrongóó,€No.€02C01„9312„CC„00271€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€atÏJackson,€Dec.€30,€1994),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€Apr.€10,€1995).× ƒ! ××  ×ÌÌà àHowever,€this€does€not€mean€that€the€trial€court€must€instruct€the€jury€onÏthe€lesser€offense€of€aggravated€assault€in€every€indictment€which€chargesÏaggravated€robbery.€€A€trial€court€òòmustóó€instruct€the€jury€on€the€lesser€offenseÍonly€if€the€trier€of€fact€could€rationally€find€the€defendant€guilty€of€the€lesserÏoffense€and€not€guilty€of€the€greater€offense.€€òòJamesóó,€385€S.W.2d€at€89;€òòsee€alsoóó€ÏòòTrustyóó,€919€S.W.2d€at€310;€òòState€v.€Howardóó,€926€S.W.2d€579,€586€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1996).€€Moreover,€an€instruction€on€the€lesser€offense€is€properly€refusedÏwhere€the€evidence€shows€that€the€defendant€is€either€guilty€of€the€greaterÏoffense€or€not€guilty€of€any€offense.€€òòHowardóó,€926€S.W.2d€at€585€(citing€òòState€v.ÏStephensonóó,€878€S.W.2d€530,€550€(Tenn.€1994);€òòState€v.€Boydóó,€797€S.W.2dÏ589,€593€(Tenn.€1990),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€498€U.S.€1074,€111€S.Ct.€800€(1991);€òòStateÏv.€Dulsworthóó,€781€S.W.2d€277,€287€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1989)).ÌÌà àThe€State's€proof,€in€the€present€case,€is€undisputed€that€the€appellantÏassaulted€Howell€on€the€evening€of€March€25,€1994,€resulting€in€serious€bodilyÏinjury€to€the€victim.€€Thus,€the€question€before€the€jury€was€whether€theÏappellant's€assault€upon€the€victim€was€motivated€by€an€intent€to€rob,€i.e.,€toÏobtain€money,€or€an€intent€to€prevent€unlawful€conduct,€i.e.,€to€prevent€theÏvictim's€intended€use€of€crack€cocaine.× ƒ" ××  ×€€òòSeeóó€òòsupraóó,€Part€œI.€€The›€State's€proofÏintroduced€evidence€to€support€both€positions,€i.e.,€an€aggravated€robbery€andÏan€aggravated€assault.€€Whether€the€appellant€is€guilty€of€the€greater€offense€ofÏaggravated€robbery€or€the€lesser€offense€of€aggravated€assault€depends€uponÍhis€intent€preceding€the€incident.€€This€court€and€the€trial€court€may€concludeÏthat€the€appellant€had€such€intent.€€òòSeeóó€€òòState€v.€Boyceóó,€920€S.W.2d€224,€227Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€However,€the€finder€of€fact€is€the€jury.€€òòIdóó.€€ÌÌà àWe€hold€that,€from€the€evidence€in€this€case,€the€jury€could€haveÏrationally€convicted€the€appellant€of€aggravated€assault€and€acquitted€him€ofÏaggravated€robbery.€€By€failing€to€charge€the€lesser€included€offense€ofÏaggravated€assault,€the€trial€court€deprived€the€appellant€of€his€constitutionalÏright€to€have€a€jury€determine€his€guilt.€€òòIdóó.;€òòsee€alsoóó€€òòState€v.€Wrightóó,€618€S.W.2dÏ310,€315€(Tenn.€1981).€€The€omission€of€the€lesser€included€offense€from€theÏcharge€to€the€jury€in€this€case€requires€a€new€trial.€€òòBoyceóó,€920€S.W.2d€at€227;Ïòòsee€alsoóó€€òòState€v.€Summerallóó,€926€S.W.2d€272,€279€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€ÏAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€reversed.€€This€cause€is€remandedÏfor€a€new€trial.ÌÌÓÓœÌÌÌÌÌ›à àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JudgeÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ_______________________________ÌœJOE€B.€JONES,€Presiding›€JudgeÌÌÌ_______________________________ÌTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€Judge