ÿWPCÞ …U:V %–n­¦ 04S‡ 0J‡w Ñ4Û 0Tï 0^C 0h¡ 0r 0|{ 0†÷ 0} 1u U,‚ 0d® U, U6> B)t DC AMà U*-Wv~X BÖvÓó D3Æ 0@ù AO9ƈ 0DN D/’ BÁ<þ6X9`("Courier 10cpiX#|x «<þ6X9`("Courier 10cpiXÂxþ6X@É“8õ X@( ¤U$¡¡Ó  Ó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ€Ô¡¨ 2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d7Border 1dd€- Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial ÷Ý ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ€"ÔÔ€"ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€"XÔÌÌAugust€22,€1996ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'` dStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA Op Monaco Ò%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€X„d&ÓÑ#€Xd#ÑÔ€ÔÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÑ\R AØ'\ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ Ð ÒÙ€€ÙÙ€€ÙÑ\R AØ'\ÑßL€!# ;+'h|` Å `€€Lßà@ àòòIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINALÏAPPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEóóÌÌà@ àòòAT€NASHVILLEÌóóÌà@ àòòMARCH€SESSION,€1996ÌóóÌÌÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,€€€€€€€€€€)€€€C.C.A.€NO.€01C01„9506„CC„00169€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)€Ì€€€€€€€€Appellee,€€€€€€€€€€€€)€€€WILLIAMSON€COUNTY€€€€€€€€€€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ìv.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)€€€HON.€HENRY€DENMARK€BELL€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ï)€€€JUDGEÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)ÌRICHARD€BROWN€and€€€€€€€€€€€€)€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÏKEITH€PUCKETT,€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)€€€(Especially€aggravated€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ï)€€€€kidnapping,€aggravated€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Appellants€€€€€€€€€Ï)€€€€robbery,€conspiracy.)Ìòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óó)€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ì€€ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTSóó:€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€òòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌBROWN:€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€CHARLES€W.€BURSONÌJ.€TIMOTHY€STREET€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Attorney€General€and€ReporterÌ136€Fourth€Ave.€South€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌFranklin,€TN€37064€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€WILLIAM€DAVID€BRIDGERS€€€€€€€€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Assistant€Attorney€General€€€€€ÏPUCKETT:€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌD.€STUART€CAULKINS€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Nashville,€TN€37243„0493€€€Ì212€East€Main€St.ÌFranklin,€TN€37064€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€JOSEPH€P.€BAUGHÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€District€Attorney€GeneralÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€P.€O.€Box€937Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Franklin,€TN€37065„0937Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óó.ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌWILLIAM€S.€RUSSELL,€SPECIAL€JUDGEÌÌÓÓà@ àò òòòOPINIONóóó óÌÌà àRichard€N.€Brown€and€Keith€Puckett€appeal€from€their€jointÏtrial€convictions.€€Brown€was€convicted€of€especially€aggravatedÏkidnapping,€robbery€and€conspiracy€to€commit€aggravatedÏkidnapping;€with€resultant€sentences€respectively€of€twentyÏyears,€three€years€plus€a€$1,500.00€fine€and€eight€years.€€TheÏtwenty€and€eight€years€are€to€be€served€concurrently€and€theÏthree€years€consecutively,€for€an€effective€total€of€twenty„threeÏyears.ÌÌà àPuckett€was€convicted€of€the€same€three€offenses;€but€hisÍsentences€were€for€eighteen,€eight€and€three€years€respectively,Ïto€be€served€concurrently,€for€an€effective€sentence€of€eighteenÏyears€as€a€standard€offender,€plus€a€fine€of€$1,500€for€robberyÏand€a€like€fine€for€conspiracy€to€commit€especially€aggravatedÏkidnapping.ÌÌà@ àòòTHE€FACTSÌóóÌà àNeither€appellant€testified€or€presented€any€evidence€in€hisÏdefense.€ÌÌà àThe€female€victim€was€employed€at€a€Shoney's€restaurant€inÏNashville.€€She€testified€that€she€knew€Mr.€Puckett.€€He€calledÏher€at€work€and€asked€to€borrow€some€money.€€She€€had€aboutÏ$1,500.00€on€her€person€from€a€recently€received€income€taxÏrefund.€€Appellant€Puckett€called€a€second€time€and€arranged€toÏcome€to€Shoney's€and€borrow€twenty€dollars.€€Puckett€called€aÏthird€time€and€the€victim€told€him€that€she€had€taken€the€moneyÏhome.€€He€called€again€at€closing€time€and€he€and€the€victimÏagreed€that€he€would€give€her€a€ride€home€from€work.ÌÌà àHe€showed€up€with€two€other€men,€appellant€Brown€and€oneÏJeff€Carter.€€Puckett€was€driving,€Brown€was€upon€the€front€seat,Ïand€ÌÌà@ à„1„Ìthe€victim€rode€upon€the€rear€seat€where€Jeff€Carter€was€alreadyÏseated.€€Puckett€told€the€victim€in€explanation€of€the€presenceÏof€Brown€and€Carter,€that€he€was€giving€a€ride€home€to€two€of€hisÏfriends.ÌÌà àOnce€all€were€in€the€car€Jeff€Carter€asked€Puckett€where€wasÏthe€money€that€Puckett€owed€him.€€They€drove€to€the€interstateÏhighway,€where€Jeff€Carter€pushed€the€victim's€head€into€her€lapÏand€pulled€her€jacket€over€her€head.€€During€this€time€CarterÏasked€her€where€her€money€was.€€In€a€few€minutes€they€left€theÏinterstate€and€stopped€to€buy€gasoline,€taking€$10.00€from€theÏvictim€to€pay€for€the€gasoline.€€When€they€left€there€they€droveÏdown€a€dark€road,€with€appellant€Brown€giving€directions.€€TheyÏsubsequently€stopped€and€Jeff€Carter€ordered€the€victim€out€ofÏthe€car.€€Brown€told€Puckett€to€stand€in€front€of€the€car.€€WhileÏthis€was€happening€Carter€was€making€the€victim€disrobe,€all€theÏtime€threatening€her€if€she€did€not€have€the€money.€€The€victimÏhad€hidden€the€money€in€her€mouth€while€her€head€was€forced€downÏin€her€lap.€€Her€nose€had€started€to€bleed€while€they€wereÏdriving€on€the€interstate€highway.€€When€Carter€could€not€findÏthe€money€he€took€the€victim€about€twenty„five€yards€behind€theÏvehicle€and€raped€her.€€When€he€had€finished€this€assault€CarterÏran€back€to€the€car€and€the€three€men€left€the€victim€nakedÏexcept€for€a€bra.€€She€heard€what€sounded€like€all€three€of€themÍlaughing€as€they€prepared€to€leave.€€She€obtained€help€from€aÏnearby€resident.ÌÌà àKey€evidence€came€from€one€Thomas€Gooch,€a€cellmate€of€BrownÏsubsequent€to€the€aforesaid€events.€€Brown€talked€to€Gooch€aboutÏthese€events.€€He€stated€that€he€had€been€riding€around€with€twoÏother€men,€that€they€got€money€from€the€victim€for€drugs€twiceÏand€then€came€up€with€the€idea€to€trick€the€victim€out€of€herÏmoney,€that€they€were€going€to€act€like€Puckett€owed€them€someÏmoney€and€Ìthreaten€to€kill€Puckett€if€he€did€not€pay€them,€their€idea€beingÏthat€the€victim€would€pay€them€her€money€in€order€to€saveÌÌà@ à„2„ÌPuckett's€life.€€Brown€told€Gooch€that€Brown,€Puckett€and€CarterÏwent€to€Texas€after€the€events€of€that€criminal€episode.ÌÌà@ àòòISSUES€ON€APPEALÌÌóóà àBrown€raises€seven€issues€on€this€appeal.€€He€contends:ÌÌÓÓà8 à€1.à8 àThe€evidence€was€legally€insufficient€toÏsupport€the€verdict€of€guilty€of€conspiringÏto€commit€aggravated€kidnapping.ÌÌà8 à€2.à8 àThe€evidence€was€legally€insufficient€toÏsupport€the€verdict€of€guilty€of€especiallyÏaggravated€kidnapping.ÌÌà8 à€3.à8 àThe€trial€court€erred€in€allowing€theÏdefendant€to€be€tried€in€part€while€attiredÏin€prison€clothing.ÌÌà8 à€4.à8 àThe€trial€court€erred€in€not€granting€Brown€aÏseverance€from€Puckett.ÌÌà8 à€5.à8 àThe€trial€court€erred€in€sentencing€Brown€toÏpartially€consecutive€sentences.ÌÌ€€€€€€6.à8 àThe€sentence€imposed€upon€Brown€isÏinconsistent€with€the€jury's€verdict.ÌÌà8 à€7.à8 àThe€sentence€should€have€only€been€for€theÏminimum€for€the€offense€of€especiallyÏaggravated€kidnapping.ÌÌÌÌà àÓÓPuckett€defines€only€one€issue,€to€wit:ÌÌÓÓà8 à€1.à8 àWhether€the€trial€court€erred€in€denying€theÏdefendant€Puckett's€motion€for€severance€ofÏtrial€from€Brown€in€violation€of€the€òòBrutonóóÏrule.ÌÌÓÓÌà@ àòòDISPOSITION€OF€THE€ISSUESÌÌóóà àBrown's€first€two€issues€question€the€legal€sufficiency€ofÏthe€convicting€evidence.ÌÌà àInitially,€he€contends€that€the€kidnapping€was€purelyÏincidental€to€the€robbery,€and€hence€barred€by€the€rule€of€òòStateÏv.€Anthonyóó,€817€S.W.€2d€299€(Tenn.€1991).€€That€rule€allows€ÌÌà@ à„3„Ìconviction€when€the€kidnapping€is€more€than€just€incidental€toÏthe€accompanying€felony€and€is€significant€enough,€in€and€ofÏitself,€to€warrant€independent€prosecution.€€The€òòAnthonyóó€courtÏexpressly€stated€that€where€a€robbery€victim€was€moved€from€theÏscene€of€the€robbery€under€circumstances€giving€rise€to€aÏsubstantially€increased€likelihood€of€harm€a€kidnappingÏprosecution€lies,€citing€òòState€v.€Rollinsóó,€605€S.W.€2d€828,€831.ÌÌà àThe€case€at€bar€is€much€like€òòRollinsóó.€€There€the€victimsÏwere€transported€by€car,€robbed€and€left€on€the€side€of€the€roadÏat€night.€€Here,€the€victim€was€driven€to€another€county,€robbed,Ïstripped,€raped€and€left€alone€and€naked€by€the€side€of€a€countryÏroad€in€freezing€weather.€€Certainly€the€transporting€of€theÏrobbery€victim€increased€the€risk€of€harm€to€her.ÌÌà àBrown€also€contends€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€toÏconvict€him€of€conspiracy€to€commit€especially€aggravatedÏkidnapping.€€We€find€that€the€evidence€supports€the€jury'sÏconclusion€that€Appellant€Brown's€actions€were€consistent€with€aÏscheme€to€unlawfully€detain€the€victim.€€The€definition€ofÏconspiracy€per€T.C.A.€Sec.€39„12„103€is€met.€€Our€review€confirmsÏthat€a€rational€trier€of€fact€could€find€the€essential€elementsÏof€the€charge€of€conspiracy€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt,€whichÏequates€to€the€legal€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence.€ÍòòState€v.€Cliftonóó,€880€S.W.€2d€737,€742€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€ÏThere€is€substantial€evidence€that€the€defendants€conspired€toÏremove€or€confine€the€victim€unlawfully€so€as€to€interfereÏsubstantially€with€her€liberty,€as€proscribed€by€T.C.A.€Sec.€39„13„305.ÌÌà àThe€issues€raised€by€Brown€questioning€the€legal€sufficiencyÏof€the€convicting€evidence€are€therefore€overruled.ÌÌà àBrown's€plaint€that€he€was€tried€in€prison€clothes€is€basedÏupon€the€fact€that€on€the€first€day€of€the€trial€his€defense€ÌÌà@ à„4„Ìcounsel€called€to€the€court's€attention€the€fact€that€Brown€wasÏwearing€prison€attire.€€He€was€wearing€a€light€blue€outfit€thatÏlooked€similar€to€a€surgeon's€scrub€uniform.€€His€clothing€had€noÏwriting€upon€it,€no€number€or€facility€name.€€Brown€himselfÏindicated€that€he€personally€did€not€object€to€being€tried€inÏthose€clothes,€but€his€counsel€persisted€in€his€objection.ÌÌà àOn€the€second€day€of€trial€Brown€wore€personal€clothing.€ÏDuring€the€course€of€the€testimony€of€witness€Gooch€the€fact€ofÏBrown's€incarceration€was€properly€before€the€jury.€€The€evidenceÏof€Brown's€guilt€was€overwhelming.ÌÌà àNo€prejudice€from€Brown's€wearing€prison€clothing€has€beenÏdemonstrated.€€òòCarroll€v.€Stateóó,€532€S.W.€2d€934€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1975),€permits€under€these€circumstances€our€holding€thatÏwhat€occurred€was€harmless€error,€and€we€so€rule.ÌÌà àAppellant€Brown€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€notÏgranting€him€a€severance€from€Puckett,€because€Puckett€was€aÏpersonal€friend€of€the€victim€and€was€responsible€for€arrangingÏthe€criminal€episode.€€He€also€contends€that€their€defenses€wereÏantagonistic€because€Puckett€took€the€position€that€Puckett€was€aÏvictim,€too.ÌÌà àWhether€a€trial€court€should€grant€a€motion€to€sever€is€aÏmatter€of€discretion,€and€a€denial€will€not€be€reversed€absent€aÏclear€showing€of€prejudice€to€the€movant.€€òòState€v.€Burtonóó,€751ÏS.W.€2d€440,€447€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).€€We€find€no€clearÏshowing€€of€prejudice€to€Brown€from€his€being€tried€with€Puckett.ÌÌà àFinally,€Brown€contends€that€his€sentence€was€erroneouslyÏpartially€consecutive,€that€it€is€inconsistent€with€the€jury'sÏverdict€and€the€sentence€for€the€offense€of€especially€aggravatedÏkidnapping€should€have€only€been€for€the€minimum.ÌÌà@ à„5„Ìà àTenn.€Code€Ann.€Sec.€40„35„115€provides€that€a€trial€courtÍmay€impose€consecutive€sentences€if€it€finds€that€any€one€of€theÏenumerated€factors€in€that€section€applies.€€In€this€case€two€ofÏthe€factors€were€found€to€apply;€that€is,€Brown's€record€ofÏcriminal€activity€is€extensive€and€the€offenses€were€committedÏwhile€he€was€on€probation.€€The€imposition€of€consecutiveÏsentences€was€proper€and€is€upheld.ÌÌà àThe€minimum€sentence€for€especially€aggravated€kidnappingÏwas€not€demanded€by€the€law€in€this€case,€as€Brown€contends.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€Sec.€40„35„114€allows€for€the€application€of€anyÏone€or€more€of€sixteen€enhancement€factors,€provided€they€are€notÏthemselves€essential€elements€of€the€charged€offense.€€One€ofÏthose€enhancement€factors€is€present€when€the€crime€is€committedÏunder€circumstances€under€which€the€potential€for€bodily€injuryÏto€a€victim€is€great.€€This€is€not€an€essential€element€ofÏespecially€aggravated€kidnapping,€per€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€Sec.€39„13„305,€which€defines€that€crime.€€In€this€case,€the€potential€forÏbodily€injury€was€great.€€The€victim€was€not€just€kidnapped.€€SheÏwas€robbed,€driven€to€another€county,€stripped€and€left€naked€onÏthe€side€of€a€rural€road€in€the€dark€in€freezing€weather.ÌÌà àThe€trial€court€also€applied€the€enhancement€factor€ofÏexceptional€cruelty€to€the€victim€during€the€commission€of€theÏespecially€aggravated€kidnapping.€€The€essential€elements€of€thisÏcrime€are€removing€and€confining€the€victim€so€as€to€interfereÍsubstantially€with€her€liberty,€accomplished€by€display€of€anÏarticle€used€or€fashioned€to€lead€the€victim€to€reasonablyÏbelieve€it€to€be€a€deadly€weapon.€€The€court€could€properlyÏconsider€any€additional€facts€in€determining€that€Brown€treatedÏthe€victim€with€exceptional€cruelty.€Truly,€under€the€facts€ofÏthis€case,€the€victim€was€treated€with€exceptional€cruelty.ÌÌÌÌà@ à„6„Ìà àFinally,€regarding€his€sentences,€Brown€complains€that€hisÏtwenty€year€sentence€for€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€shouldÏbe€reduced€to€the€minimum€for€that€crime.ÌÌà àThe€weight€to€be€given€to€enhancing€and€mitigating€factorsÏis€left€to€the€discretion€of€the€trial€judge.€€òòState€v.ÏShropshireóó,€874€S.W.€2d€634,€642€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€WeÏfind€that€the€trial€court€properly€considered€and€weighed€theÏappropriate€enhancing€and€mitigating€factors€applicable€to€theÏcharges€in€this€case.€€The€court€specifically€noted€that€theÏmitigating€factors€were€greatly€outweighed€by€the€enhancementÏfactors.€€Under€the€totality€of€the€evidence€in€this€case€we€findÏno€abuse€of€discretion€in€the€setting€of€this€twenty€yearÏsentence.ÌÌà àAppellant€Brown's€issues€are€without€merit€and€hisÏconvictions€and€sentences€are€affirmed.ÌÌà àAppellant€Puckett's€single€plaint€is€that€the€trial€courtÏerred€in€denying€his€motion€for€severance€from€Brown€because€ofÏthe€òòBrutonóó€rule.€€It€is€his€position€that€the€testimony€of€ThomasÏGooch,€who€testified€to€Brown's€confession€to€him€while€they€wereÏcellmates,€was€a€violation€of€his€constitutional€right€toÏconfront€the€witness€against€him€as€pronounced€in€òòBruton€v.ÏUnited€Statesóó,€391€U.S.€123,€88€S.€Ct.€1620,€20€L.€Ed.€2d€476Ï(1968).€€His€co„defendant,€Brown,€did€not€testify;€but€hisÏconfession€was€introduced€through€Gooch.€€The€prosecutingÏattorney,€in€introducing€the€evidence,€argued€that€the€òòBrutonóóÏrule€does€not€apply€in€conspiracy€cases.ÌÌà àIn€òòBrutonóó,€the€Supreme€Court€held€that€an€inculpatoryÏconfession€of€a€non„testifying€co„defendant€should€not€have€beenÏadmitted€in€a€joint€trial€with€the€defendant€who€had€notÏconfessed€his€participation€in€the€crime.€€Later,€in€òòParker€v.ÏRandolphóó,€442€U.S.€62,€99€S.€Ct.€2132,€60€L.€Ed.€2d€713€(1979),€aÏplurality€of€ÌÌà@ à„7„Ìthat€court€held€that€admission€of€interlocking€confessions€(whereÏa€defendant's€confession€recites€essentially€the€same€facts€asÍthose€of€his€non„testifying€co„defendant),€with€proper€limitingÏinstructions,€conforms€to€the€requirements€of€the€Sixth€andÏFourteenth€Amendments.ÌÌà àLater,€in€òòCruz€v.€New€Yorkóó,€481€U.S.€186,€107€S.€Ct.€1714,Ï95€L.€Ed.€2d€162€(1987),€the€Supreme€Court€held€that€where€a€non„testifying€co„defendant's€confession€which€incriminates€theÏdefendant€is€not€directly€admissible€against€the€defendant,€theÏConfrontation€Clause€of€the€Fifth€Amendment€bars€its€admission€atÏtheir€joint€trial,€even€if€a€limiting€jury€instruction€is€given.€ÏHowever,€the€Court€held€that€any€violation€was€subject€toÏharmless€error€analysis.ÌÌà àIn€the€case€of€òòState€v.€Cameronóó,€909€S.W.€2d€836€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1995),€this€court€held€that€where€no€contemporaneousÏobjection€was€made€to€the€admission€of€the€co„defendant'sÏstatements€on€the€basis€of€an€alleged€Confrontation€clauseÏviolation€either€prior€to€or€during€trial€constituted€a€waiver€ofÏthe€issue.ÌÌà àCounsel€for€Puckett,€when€the€òòBrutonóó€situation€arose,Ïneither€asked€for€a€severance€nor€moved€that€any€reference€to€himÏbe€redacted€from€Gooch's€testimony.€€Before€calling€Gooch€theÏprosecuting€attorney€informed€both€the€court€and€the€defendantsÏthat€his€witness€had€been€co„defendant€Brown's€cellmate€and€wasÍgoing€to€testify€as€to€the€details€of€Brown's€confession€to€him,Ïincluding€Brown's€statement€that€the€defendants€had€planned€theÏcrime€together.€€Puckett€objected€to€the€testimony€on€the€groundÏthat€he€had€not€had€the€opportunity€to€interview€Gooch.€ÏThereupon€the€court€took€a€recess€to€allow€the€interview,€statingÏ"we're€in€recess€until€you€tell€us€we're€not".€€Puckett€madeÏabsolutely€no€objections€concerning€the€testimony€of€Gooch€as€itÏrelated€to€the€òòÌÌà@ àóó„8„òòÌBrutonóó€issue.€€He€failed€to€ask€for€a€severance€or€object€to€anyÏof€the€questions€asked€by€the€State€and/or€his€co„defendant.Ìà@ àÌÓÓÓÓà àIt€was€incumbent€upon€Puckett€to€take€whatever€action€wasÏreasonably€available€to€prevent€or€nullify€the€harmful€effect€ofÏthe€òòBrutonóó€violation.€€He€did€nothing.€€The€issue€is€thereforeÏwaived.€€T.R.A.P.€36.ÌÌà àAll€issues€having€been€found€to€be€without€merit,€theÏconvictions€and€sentences€of€the€appellants€are€affirmed.ÌÌÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óó€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÏWILLIAM€S.€RUSSELL,€RETIRED€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌóóDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JUDGEÌÌÌ€Ìòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌóóJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGE€€€€Ì€Ìà àÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌà@ à„9„ÌÓÓÓ€ÓÓÓÓÓÌà@ àòòIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEóóÌÌà@ àòòAT€NASHVILLEÌóóÌà@ àòòMARCH€SESSION,€1996ÌóóÌÌÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,€€€€€€€€€€)€€€C.C.A.€NO.€01C01„9506„CC„00169€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)€Ì€€€€€€€€Appellee,€€€€€€€€€€€€)€€€WILLIAMSON€COUNTY€€€€€€€€€€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)Ìv.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)€€€HON.€HENRY€DENMARK€BELL€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ï)€€€JUDGEÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)ÌRICHARD€BROWN€and€€€€€€€€€€€€)€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÏKEITH€PUCKETT,€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€)€€€(Especially€aggravated€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ï)€€€€kidnapping,€aggravated€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Appellees€€€€€€€€€€Ï)€€€€robbery,€conspiracy.)Ìòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óó)€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌÌÌÌÌà@ àòòORDERÌÌóóÌà àThis€cause€came€on€to€be€heard€at€the€March€Session€in€ÌÌNashville€and€was€taken€under€advisement.ÌÌÌà àAfter€a€full€consideration€of€all€of€the€issues€the€Court€is€ÌÌof€the€opinion€that€the€judgments€against€each€defendant€are€ÌÌwithout€reversible€error,€and€said€judgments€are€in€all€matters€ÌÌaffirmed.€€Costs€on€appeal€are€assessed€to€the€respective€ÌÌappellants.ÌÌÌà àThe€cases€are€remanded€to€the€trial€court€for€theÏenforcement€Ìof€the€judgments.ÌÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Hayes,€J.Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Smith,€J.Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Russell,€Sp.€J.€€ÌÌÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌ