ÿWPC ŽfQhð,‰ß¹0 UIŽ ÐÌòòÓ  ÓJames€Ô_ÔCurwoodÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔWittÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€J.Ô#†¼H°»àX" ä#ÔÔ‡X" X.¼H°Ôóó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòSmith,€J.,óó€andÐ  Z ÐòòÔ_ÔWedemeyerÔ_Ô,€J.óó,€joined.Ð ð@ ÐÌWilliam€D.€Massey€and€Lorna€S.€Ô_ÔMcCluskyÔ_Ô,€Memphis,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant.Ð ¼  ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter,€Nashville,€Tennessee,€J.€Ross€Dyer,€AssistantÐ ˆØ ÐAttorney€General,€Nashville,€Tennessee,€William€L.€Gibbons,€District€Attorney€General,€Memphis,Ð n¾ ÐTennessee,€Rhea€Ô_ÔCliftÔ_Ô,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,€Memphis,€Tennessee,€€for€the€appellant,Ð T¤ ÐState€of€Tennessee.Ð : Š  ÐÌà@55'ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼H°»XX" ×#ÔÔ‡X" X»¼H°ÔˆÐ "V" ÐÌÔ#†¼H°»XX"  #ÔÔ‡¼H°»»¼H°ÔÔ€X" X»¼H°Ôà  àà ` àThe€defendant,€Charles€B.€Bryan,€appeals€from€his€Shelby€County€Criminal€CourtÐ Ò#"$ Ðconviction€of€criminal€contempt.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€29„9„102,€„103€(1980).€€The€convictionÐ ¸$ % Ðfollowed€a€summary€proceeding€in€which€the€trial€judge€held€the€defendant€in€contempt€of€court€forÐ ž%î & Ðfailing€to€appear€in€the€trial€court€the€previous€day€for€a€scheduled€court€appearance€in€a€pendingÐ „&Ô!' Ðcriminal€matter.€In€this€appeal,€the€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€courtððs€determination€of€contemptÐ j'º"( Ðlacks€a€necessary€finding€that€the€failure€to€appear€in€court€was€willful€and€that€the€trial€courtÐ P( #) Ðwrongfully€denied€him€a€hearing€before€imposing€judgment.€€Essentially,€the€state€accedes€to€theÐ 6)†$* Ðdefendantððs€claims,€although€the€parties€have€not€agreed€as€to€the€proper€disposition€of€the€case.Ð *l%+ ÐAfter€review,€we€reverse€and€vacate€the€trial€courtððs€judgment€and€remand€the€case€for€furtherÐ +R&, Ðcontempt€proceedings€upon€notice€and€a€hearing.Ð è+8'- ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€sparse€record€indicates€that€the€defendant€had€a€criminal€case€pending€in€the€trialÐ ´-)/ýB ÐÔ_Ôcourt€and€was€in€the€process€of€seeking€judicial€diversion.€€He€was€scheduled€to€appear€in€the€trialÐ ° Ðcourt€on€July€6,€1999€and€failed€to€do€so.€€On€July€7,€1999,€he€appeared€in€court€to€address€theÐ –æ Ðdiversion€application.€€The€trial€court€indicated€its€displeasure€with€the€defendantððs€failure€to€appearÐ |Ì Ðon€the€previous€day.€€Despite€defense€counselððs€statements€that€the€failure€to€appear€was€the€resultÐ b² Ðof€the€defendant€working€in€his€hay€crop€and€forgetting€to€come€to€court,€the€trial€court€summarilyÐ H˜ Ðheld€the€defendant€in€contempt€and€imposed€a€fine€of€$50.00,€based€upon€the€courtððs€observation€thatÐ . ~ Ðit€was€ð ðirresponsible€just€to€forget.ðð€€Counsel€requested€that€the€defendant€be€afforded€a€hearing€onÐ  d Ðthe€matter€before€the€court€imposed€judgment,€but€the€trial€court€denied€the€request.€€The€trial€judgeÐ ú J Ðsaid€the€sanction€was€necessary€in€order€to€assure€that€the€defendant€receive€the€same€treatment€asÐ à 0 Ðdo€other€defendants€and€to€address€the€ð ðepitome€of€irresponsibilityðð€demonstrated€by€the€defendantÐ Æ   Ðforgetting€to€come€to€court.€€Upon€this€record,€we€review€the€defendantððs€claims€that€the€trial€courtÐ ¬ ü  Ðwrongfully€held€him€in€contempt€of€court€without€finding€that€his€misfeasance€was€willful€andÐ ’â  Ðwithout€availing€to€him€a€hearing€on€the€matter.Ð xÈ  ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€his€first€issue,€the€defendant€argues€that€the€scope€of€the€trial€courtððs€power€toÐ D”  Ðimpose€a€judgment€for€criminal€contempt€is€limited€and€controlled€by€Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÐ *z  Ðsection€29„9„102,€which€provides:Ð ` ÐÌÒ` °ÒThe€power€of€the€several€courts€to€issue€attachments,€and€inflictÐ Ü, Ðpunishments€for€contempts€of€court,€shall€not€be€construed€toÐ Â Ðextend€to€any€except€the€following€cases:Ð ¨ø ÐÌà ¸ à(1)€The€willful€misbehavior€of€any€person€in€the€presenceÐ tÄ Ðof€the€court,€or€so€near€thereto€as€to€obstruct€the€administrationÐ Zª Ðof€justice.Ð @ Ðà ¸ à(2)€The€willful€misbehavior€of€any€of€the€officers€of€saidÐ &v Ðcourts,€in€their€official€transactions.Ð  \ Ðà ¸ à(3)€The€willful€disobedience€or€resistance€of€any€officer€ofÐ òB Ðthe€said€courts,€party,€juror,€witness,€or€any€other€person,€to€any€Ð Ø( Ðlawful€writ,€process,€order,€rule,€decree,€or€command€of€saidÐ ¾ Ðcourts.Ð ¤ô Ðà ¸ à(4)€Abuse€of,€or€unlawful€interference€with,€the€process€orÐ Š Ú Ðproceedings€of€the€court.Ð p!À  Ðà ¸ à(5)€Willfully€conversing€with€jurors€in€relation€to€the€merits€Ð V"¦! Ðof€the€cause€in€the€trial€of€which€they€are€engaged,€or€otherwiseÐ <#Œ" Ðtampering€with€them.Ð "$r# Ðà ¸ à(6)€Any€other€act€or€omission€declared€a€contempt€by€law.Ð %X $ ÐÌÒ°` ÒTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€29„9„102€(1980).€€The€defendant€rightly€points€out€that€the€statutory€groundsÐ Ô&$"& Ðwhich€could€serve€to€support€his€conviction€require€that€the€misbehavior€be€willful.€òòSeeóó€òòAhern€v.Ð º' #' ÐAhernóó,€15€S.W.3d€73,€„€„€„,€No.€W1997„00233„SC„R11„CV,€slip€op.€at€6€(Tenn.,€Mar.€20,€2000)€(ð ðanÐ  (ð#( Ðact€of€contempt€is€a€wilful€or€intentional€act€that€offends€the€court€and€its€administration€of€justiceðð);€Ð †)Ö$) ÐòòBlack€v.€Blountóó,€938€S.W.2d€394,€397€(Tenn.€1996)€(commenting€that€Code€section€29„9„102€limitsÐ l*¼%* Ðand€defines€the€ð ðvast€and€undefinedðð€power€of€the€courts€at€common€law€to€punish€contempts);€òòStateÐ R+¢&+ Ðv.€Turneróó,€914€S.W.2d€951,€956€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)€(criminal€ð ðcontemptuous€conduct€òòmustóó€fallÐ 8,ˆ', Ðwithin€a€statutory€provisionðð€and€the€conduct€must€have€been€willful)€(emphasis€added).€€As€theÐ ° Ðdefendant€argues,€the€trial€court€based€its€contempt€determination€upon€the€defendantððsÐ –æ Ðirresponsibility€in€forgetting€his€court€date,€rather€than€upon€a€finding€that€the€failure€to€appear€wasÐ |Ì Ðwillful.€The€state€agrees€and€concedes€that€the€criminal€contempt€judgment€in€this€case€must€beÐ b² Ðgrounded€upon€willful€misbehavior€and€cannot€be€justified€by€the€defendantððs€neglect.€€Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€the€defendantððs€second€issue,€he€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€failed€toÐ  d Ðafford€him€a€hearing€on€the€criminal€contempt€charge.€He€relies€upon€Tennessee€Rule€of€CriminalÐ ú J ÐProcedure€42,€which€provides€in€pertinent€part:Ð à 0 ÐÌÒ` °Òò òCriminaló ó€ò òContemptó ó.€ð!ð€(a)€Summary€Dispositions.ð!ðA€criminalÐ ¬ ü  Ðcontempt€may€be€punished€summarily€òòif€the€judge€certifies€Ð ’â  Ðthat€he€or€she€saw€or€heard€the€conduct€constituting€the€Ð xÈ  Ðcontempt€and€that€it€was€committed€in€the€actual€presenceÐ ^®  Ðof€the€court.€€óóThe€order€of€contempt€shall€recite€the€factsÐ D”  Ðand€shall€be€signed€by€the€judge€and€entered€of€record.Ð *z  Ðà ¸ à(b)€Disposition€upon€Notice€and€Hearing.€ð!ðA€criminalÐ ` Ðcontempt€except€as€provided€in€subdivision€(a)€of€this€Ð öF Ðrule€òòshallóó€òòbeóó€òòprosecutedóó€òòonóó€òònoticeóó.€The€òònoticeóó€òòshallóó€òòstateóóÐ Ü, Ðòòtheóó€òòtimeóó€òòandóó€òòplaceóó€òòofóó€òòhearingóó,€allowing€a€reasonable€timeÐ Â Ðfor€the€preparation€of€the€defense,€and€shall€state€the€Ð ¨ø Ðessential€facts€constituting€the€criminal€contempt€chargedÐ ŽÞ Ðand€describe€it€as€such.€€The€notice€shall€be€given€Ð tÄ Ðorally€by€the€judge€in€open€court€in€the€presence€of€theÐ Zª Ðdefendant€or,€on€application€of€the€district€attorney€generalÐ @ Ðor€of€an€attorney€appointed€by€the€court€for€that€purpose,€Ð &v Ðby€an€order€to€show€cause€or€an€order€of€arrest.€.€.€.€Upon€Ð  \ Ða€verdict€of€finding€of€guilt€the€court€shall€enter€an€orderÐ òB Ðfixing€the€punishment.€€€Ð Ø( ÐÌÒ°` ÒTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€42€(emphasis€added).€€Again,€the€state€agrees€and€concedes€that€the€defendantððsÐ ¤ô Ðmisbehavior€fell€within€subdivision€(b)€of€the€rule€and€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€affording€theÐ Š Ú Ðdefendant€a€hearing.Ð p!À  ÐÌà  àà ` àWe€conclude€that€the€parties€are€correct€in€their€assessment€of€both€issues.€€In€viewÐ <#Œ" Ðof€the€explicit€provisions€of€Code€section€29„9„102€and€Rule€42,€the€trial€courtððs€contemptÐ "$r# Ðdetermination€is€not€supportable€in€the€absence€of€a€finding,€made€after€a€hearing€that€is€held€uponÐ %X $ Ðreasonable€notice,€€that€the€defendant€was€guilty€of€willful€misbehavior€that€contemns€the€court.€Ð î%>!% ÐAccordingly,€the€trial€courtððs€judgment€of€contempt€must€be€reversed€and€vacated.Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€parties€have€not€agreed,€however,€as€to€the€disposition€of€the€case€following€theÐ  (ð#( Ðvacating€of€the€contempt€judgment.€€The€defendant€asks€for€a€reversal€and,€implicitly,€a€dismissalÐ †)Ö$) Ðof€the€contempt€charge,€ð ðor€in€the€alternative,€to€remand€the€matter€to€the€trial€court€for€a€full€andÐ l*¼%* Ðfair€hearing€.ðð€€The€state€ð ðsubmits€that€his€case€should€be€remanded€to€the€trial€court€for€a€hearingÐ R+¢&+ Ðon€the€criminal€contempt€chargeðð€and€does€not€allow€that€the€charge€should€be€dismissed.€€NeitherÐ 8,ˆ', Ðparty€has€addressed€the€issue€of€disposition€by€further€argument€or€with€citation€to€relevantÐ ° Ðauthorities.Ð –æ ÐÌà  àà ` àOur€analysis€of€the€disposition€issue€begins€with€a€recognition€of€established€rulesÐ b² Ðdefining€the€nature€of€criminal€contempt€proceedings.€€ð ðCriminal€contempt€convictions€are€punitiveÐ H˜ Ðin€character,€and€their€primary€purpose€is€to€vindicate€the€courtððs€authority.ðð€€òòThigpen€v.€Thigpenóó,Ð . ~ Ð874€S.W.2d€51,€53€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1993).€€Criminal€contempt€is€a€concept€that€is€ð ðintended€toÐ  d Ðpreserve€the€power€and€vindicate€the€dignity€and€authority€of€the€law[]€and€the€court€as€an€organ€ofÐ ú J Ðsociety.ðð€òòBlackóó,€938€S.W.2d€at€398.€Criminal€contempt€proceedings€ð ðððin€a€very€true€sense€raise€anÐ à 0 Ðissue€between€the€public€and€the€accused.ðððð€òòIdóó.€(citation€omitted).€€Thus,€the€proceedings€areÐ Æ   Ðessentially€criminal€in€nature:€A€defendant€in€a€criminal€contempt€proceeding€is€presumed€innocent,Ð ¬ ü  Ðand€the€state€must€prove€him€or€her€ð ðguilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€òòIdóó.;€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòThigpenóó,€874Ð ’â  ÐS.W.2d€at€53.€Ð xÈ  ÐÌà  àà ` àConstitutional€provisions€protect€a€person€from€more€than€once€being€placed€inÐ D”  Ðjeopardy€of€conviction€of€a€crime.€€U.S.€Const.€amend.€V,€amend€XIV;€Tenn.€Const.€art€I,€sec.€10.€Ð *z  ÐPrinciples€of€double€jeopardy€apply€to€criminal€contempt€proceedings.€òòSeeóóòògenerallyóó€òòAhernóó.€€OneÐ ` Ðprinciple€of€the€double€jeopardy€provision€is€that€a€person€may€not€be€re„prosecuted€for€an€offenseÐ öF Ðafter€he€or€she€has€been€acquitted€of€that€offense.€€òòNorth€Carolina€v.€Pearceóó,€395€U.S.€711,€717,€89Ð Ü, ÐS.€Ct.€2072,€2076€(1969);€òòState€v.€Toddóó,€654€S.W.2d€379,€381€(Tenn.1983);€òòState€v.€Boggsóó,€865Ð Â ÐS.W.2d€920,€921€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).€€ð ðThere€can€be€no€acquittal,€however,€until€jeopardyÐ ¨ø Ðattaches.ðð€€òòState€v.€Toddóó,€654€S.W.2d€379,€382€(Tenn.€1983).Ð ŽÞ ÐÌà  àà ` àNext,€our€analysis€of€the€issue€of€disposition€of€the€case€reveals€that€divergent€resultsÐ Zª Ðare€suggested€by€two€basic€rules€of€law.€On€the€one€hand,€it€can€be€posited€that€the€trial€courtððsÐ @ Ðjudgment€of€criminal€contempt€is€not€supported€by€sufficient€evidence€because€the€record€is€devoidÐ &v Ðof€any€evidence€or€judicial€notice€that€establishes€willful€misbehavior,€an€element€of€the€offense.€Ð  \ ÐAs€in€other€criminal€cases,€when€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence€in€a€criminal€contemptÐ òB Ðcase€is€challenged€on€appeal,€the€appellate€court€ð ðmust€review€the€record€to€determine€if€the€proofÐ Ø( Ðadduced€at€trial€supports€the€findings€of€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€òòBlackóó,Ð ¾ Ð938€S.W.2d€at€399.€€òòSeeóó€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€318,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979).€€If€theÐ ¤ô Ðevidence€under€this€standard€is€insufficient€to€support€the€criminal€conviction,€the€remedy€is€aÐ Š Ú Ðreversal€of€the€conviction€and€a€dismissal€of€the€charge.€€òòBurks€v.€United€Statesóó,€437€U.S.€1,€18,€98Ð p!À  ÐS.€Ct.€2141,€2150„51€(1978);€€òòState€v.€Maupinóó,€859€S.W.2d€313,€316€(Tenn.€1993);€òòState€v.Ð V"¦! ÐAndersonóó,€985€S.W.2d€9,€17€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997).€òòSeeóó€€òòState€v.€Greenóó,€783€S.W.2d€548,€553Ð <#Œ" Ð(Tenn.€1990)€(based€upon€the€convicting€evidence€being€insufficient,€criminal€contempt€convictionsÐ "$r# Ðwere€ordered€ð ðset€aside€and€for€naught€heldðð);€òòState€v.€Alfred€B.€Rollinsóó,€No.01C01„9304„CR„Ð %X $ Ð00114,€slip€op.€at€5€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€Sep.€5,€1996)€(criminal€contempt€convictionÐ î%>!% Ðreversed€and€charge€dismissed€by€appellate€court€upon€determination€that€the€convicting€evidenceÐ Ô&$"& Ðwas€insufficient).€€For€double€jeopardy€purposes,€a€holding€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€isÐ º' #' Ðessentially€an€acquittal.€€òòAndersonóó,€985€S.W.2d€at€17;€òòState€v.€Burlisonóó,€868€S.W.2d€713,€718€(Tenn.Ð  (ð#( ÐCrim.€App.€1993);€òòState€v.€Hulseóó,€785€S.W.2d€373,€374€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1989).€Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌà  àà ` àOn€the€other€hand,€the€trial€court€received€no€evidence,€took€the€defendantððsÐ R+¢&+ Ðcharacterization€of€his€misbehavior€as€true,€and€erroneously€determined€that€the€defendant€was€guiltyÐ 8,ˆ', Ðas€a€matter€of€law.€Moreover,€given€the€dictates€of€Criminal€Rule€of€Procedure€42,€the€trial€courtÐ ° Ðerred€when€it€proceeded€summarily.€€Hence,€this€courtððs€reversal€of€the€contempt€conviction€couldÐ –æ Ðbe€viewed€as€based€upon€trial€court€error.€€Typically,€reversals€sought€by€the€defendant€based€uponÐ |Ì Ðtrial€court€error€do€not€require€dismissal€of€the€charges,€and€retrial€is€not€barred€by€principles€ofÐ b² Ðdouble€jeopardy.€€òòMaupinóó,€859€S.W.2d€at€36;€òòHulseóó,€785€S.W.2d€at€375.Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àà ` àWe€conclude€that€the€latter€rule€controls€the€present€case,€and€accordingly€the€caseÐ  d Ðshould€be€remanded€for€a€hearing,€after€notice,€on€the€contempt€charge.€€The€trial€court€received€noÐ ú J Ðevidence€to€be€adjudged€sufficient€or€insufficient.€€The€court€made€no€findings€of€fact,€except€for€theÐ à 0 Ðdefendantððs€non„appearance€in€court€for€a€scheduled€hearing,€a€fact€that€was€essentially€stipulatedÐ Æ   Ðby€the€defendant.€€By€denying€the€hearing€mandated€by€Rule€42(b),€the€court€pretermitted€theÐ ¬ ü  Ðprocess€by€which€evidence€could€be€presented.Ô#†X" XXX" h #Ô€€Thus,€the€nature€and€character€of€the€flaw€in€the€trialÐ ’â  Ðcourtððs€proceedings€is€legal€error€and€is€not€the€imposition€of€a€conviction€based€on€insufficientÐ xÈ  Ðevidence.€€Ð ^®  Ðà  àÌà  àà ` àWe€believe€this€conclusion€is€supported€by€referring€to€the€concept€of€the€attachmentÐ *z  Ðof€jeopardy.€€ð ðTo€raise€a€double€jeopardy€objection€it€is€fundamental€that€a€defendant€must€have€beenÐ ` Ðpreviously€placed€in€jeopardy€on€the€charge.€€Without€the€risk€of€a€determination€of€defendantððsÐ öF Ðguilt,€jeopardy€does€not€attach€so€that€an€appeal€or€further€prosecution€constitutes€double€jeopardy.ðð€Ð Ü, ÐòòToddóó,€654€S.W.2d€at€381€(citing€òòSerfass€v.€United€Statesóó,€420€U.S.€377,€391„93,€95€S.€Ct.€1055,Ð Â Ð1064„65€(1975))€(other€citations€omitted).€€ð ðJeopardy€only€attaches€when€a€defendant€is€put€to€trialÐ ¨ø Ðbefore€the€trier€of€fact.ðð€€òòToddóó,€654€S.W.2d€at€381.€€In€the€present€case,€there€was€no€trial€by€a€trierÐ ŽÞ Ðof€fact,€and€the€defendant€was€not€in€jeopardy€until€the€trial€court€declared€the€contempt.€€Normally,Ð tÄ Ðjeopardy€attaches€in€a€non„jury€proceeding€when€a€witness€is€sworn€to€testify.€€òòAhernóó,€15€S.W.3dÐ Zª Ðat€„€„€„,€slip€op.€at€9;€€òòState€v.€Penningtonóó,€952€S.W.2d€420,€422€(Tenn.€1997).€€When€there€is€noÐ @ Ðwitness€sworn€and€no€fact€trial€in€a€contempt€proceeding,€jeopardy€cannot€attach€until€the€contemptÐ &v Ðis€declared.€€òòSeeóó€òòDorothy€Jane€Ahern€v.€Robert€Frances€Ahernóó,€No.€02A01„9708„CV„00190,€slip€op.Ð  \ Ðat€6€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.,€Sept.€11,€1998)€(in€òònonsummaryóó€criminal€contempt€proceedings,€jeopardyÐ òB Ðattaches€ð ðas€it€attaches€to€other€criminal€prosecutionsðð),€òòrevððdóó€òòinóó€òòpartóó€òòonóó€òòotheróó€òògroundsóó,€15€S.W.3d€Ð Ø( Ð73,€No.€W1997„00233„SC„R11„CV€(Tenn.,€Mar.€20,€2000);€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòToddóó,€654€S.W.2d€at€382„83Ð ¾ Ð(in€a€guilty€plea€submission€hearing,€jeopardy€does€not€attach€ð ðuntil€the€plea€is€unconditionallyÐ ¤ô Ðacceptedðð€by€the€trial€court.)€€However,€in€the€present€case,€the€trial€courtððs€summary€declaration€ofÐ Š Ú Ðcontempt€was€error.€€In€other€words,€jeopardy€only€attached€when€the€erroneous€conviction€wasÐ p!À  Ðimposed.€€Under€the€circumstances,€this€analysis€points€to€a€reversal€that€poses€no€bar€to€retrial.Ð V"¦! ÐÌà  àà ` àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€reversed€and€vacated,€and€the€case€isÐ "$r# Ðremanded€for€further€contempt€proceedings€upon€notice€and€a€hearing.à  à