ÿWPCJ ?.…Ïï„&Ëã¢]º#iê5îȇ6E‰êÛ±ÕF!øð•GSY†ßá\ºSR¢$uJFÂ-¨®¬®EŠmëÞWëR„"õ¯+Ù_6’°¡¬‚žÖÏÍv ¨9Â#³€䔋ã›IF@ø0ÞŠ—DI£LÛò'µùy³€JQX#ÈÑ}¶ƒN”` Ðp Ûuõ)_È5x åéå ²¡€}{o@O‹u"Õ.V6FŸ†#Í%jåÇþG­Ä-†M'Þ½q†ÿ[ƒ­| å›ÈÑ©çr/‰hø'ûbµÁ+d2ùÙ©"þ•E~Èæ!§UHêC44Ëá(•~F¦á+îÑ$‰­k¿6C>’—4§lßF€öÙ°(øPZw á<Ò\÷ú£ÖOêø¾0{cÐmy>§Nou7j?ç?5àäÍ?îL¶ƒD…–Õ¦wë5¦_D2ÑJæ«þ‡5¯Ž,# hU>s %± 0í·UB¤4æún­ U:¶fðV"^w@€"À 0Dâ 0 & "F )h U:‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ ‘ BË Ë 0Dè D3, , , , AQ_ Æ° 0Dv 0Dº D/þ B-˜HP LaserJet 4 PlusHPPCL5MS,ð,,,,,ð0nLÜÏ<èÀ( 9Z &Courier RegularX(ÅÕÐ$¡¡Ñ  ÑÑ7€'CXXdÈXXdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXiÓ<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiV&3|x®«<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉJQX@,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular \Ñ\R AØ'ÿ Legal\Ñ Ñ Ü ÑÑ  Ñ šD›UœžŸE Ó€¡Ó€¢E£Ó€ Ñ   ÑÑ Ü Ñ($Ó$‘‘òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(á3¨$¥¥Ý ƒÕÐ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ7€kÇXXdÈdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXiÓÝ  ÝÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú. Ñ Ü ÑÑ  Ñ Ý ƒ(¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€X ôXXXÔÔ€+aXX ôÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€X ôX+aÔÐ  ÐÌò òFebruary€25,€1999Ð šš ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ôä»ôXX ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular d(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý'ÿÿdxd'(!)*Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó++'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒÕÐ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ7€kÇXXdÈdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXiÓÝ  ݛѰÑÑÜ°ÑÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓÓÑ€ †ÑÑ€ í:ÑÔ€ X ôXXXÔÑ7€  ô XXdæXXdÈ7Ññ£ñœßr€&"<,(j 8` `€€@E  ` ttx$Xð Õrß›ñ£ñ€à8 ¸ àà@Ñ Ñ D¸ x¸ xàIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ  Ðà@~~%DàAT€KNOXVILLEà@@66-Rà€€€€€€€€€ˆÌà ¸ àà  à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€JULY€1998€SESSIONÌÌÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à h àà À à€€€)à  àÐ 80 Ѐà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à€€€)Ð   Ðà ¸ àAppellee,€à h àà À à€€€)à  àNo.€03C01„9707„CR„00255Ð ü  Ðà ¸ à€€€€€à  àà h à€€à À à€€€)Ð êâ  Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à€€€)à  àCampbell€CountyÐ ÐÈ  Ðv.à ¸ àà  àà h àà À à€€€)€€€€€€€€€Ð ¶®  Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à€€€)à  àHonorable€Lee€Asbury,€Judge€€€€€Ð œ”  Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à€€€)ÌCURTIS€CECIL€WAYNE€BOLTON,€)à  à(First€degree€murder)Ð h` Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à€€€)€€€€€€€€Ìà ¸ àAppellant.à h àà À à€€€)Ð 4, ÐÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à  àà h àà À àà  àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:Ð ÌÄ ÐÌCharles€Hermanà  àà h àà À àà  àJohn€Knox€Walkupà  àà x àÐ ˜ ÐP.O.€Box€337à  àà h àà À àà  àAttorney€General€of€TennesseeÐ ~v ÐJacksboro,€TN€37757€€€€€€€à h àà À àà  àà p àandà È àà  àà x àà Ð àÐ d\ Ð(AT€TRIAL)à ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àMichael€J.€Fahey,€IIÐ JB Ѐ€€à ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€Attorney€General€of€TennesseeÐ 0 ( ÐMartha€J.€Yoakumà  àà h àà À àà  à425€Fifth€Avenue€Northà x àà Ð àÐ ! ÐDistrict€Public€Defenderà h à€à À àà  àNashville,€TN€37243„0493Ð ü!ô ÐP.O.€Box€386€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌTazewell,€TN€37879à h àà À àà  àWilliam€Paul€PhillipsÐ È#À  Ѐ€€€€and€€€€€€€€€€à  àà h àà À àà  àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÐ ®$¦! ÐœLaura›€Rule€Hendricks€€€€€€€€€à À àà  àP.O.€Box€10Ð ”%Œ" Ð606€W.€Main€Street,€Suite€350à À àà  àHuntsville,€TN€37756à x àà Ð àà (# àÐ z&r# ÐP.O.€Box€84ÌKnoxville,€TN€37902„0084Ì(ON€APPEAL)ÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:____________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌJoseph€M.€TiptonÌJudgeÌÌÌÌÌÌÓÓÐ  X9P28S МрÕTÑÑ€í:Ññ£ñ›ñ£ññ›ñÌñ›ñ›à@õõ)Dàòòò òà@@õõ)DàO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óóóà@@DD/DàˆÐ ÔÌ ÐÌà ¸ àThe€defendant,€Curtis€Cecil€Wayne€Bolton,€appeals€as€of€right€from€hisÏconviction€by€a€jury€in€the€Campbell€County€Criminal€Court€of€first€degree€murder€forÏwhich€he€received€a€sentence€of€life€imprisonment€in€the€custody€of€the€Department€ofÏCorrection.€€He€presents€the€following€issues€for€our€review:Ìñ ñÓÓñ ñœñŸñà8 ¸ àñŸññ ñÓÓÓ  Óà8 ¸ àñ ñ(1)›€whether€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€support€hisÏconviction;Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8 ¸ à(2)€whether€a€jurorððs€failure€to€reveal€a€relationship€withÏan€assistant€district€attorney€general€deprived€him€of€aÏfair€trial;Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8 ¸ à(3)€whether€impeachment€of€the€defendant€by€aÏcodefendant€regarding€the€defendantððs€prior€bad€actsÏdenied€him€of€a€fair€trial;€Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8 ¸ à(4)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€allowing€theÏintroduction€of€a€diagram€and€the€reference€to€a€colorÏphotograph€of€the€victim;€andÐ ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8 ¸ à(5)€whether€the€stateððs€biblical€reference€in€closingÏargument€prejudiced€the€verdict€and€denied€theÏdefendant€of€a€fair€trial.€Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌñ¡ñÓÓñ¡ññ¡ñÓÓÓ  Óœñ¡ññ¢ññ¡ñà0 ¸ àñ¡ññ¢ñWe›€conclude€that€no€reversible€error€occurred.Ìà ¸ àÌà ¸ àAt€trial,€Detective€Eddie€Barton€of€the€Campbell€County€SheriffððsÏDepartment€testified€that€he€assisted€in€investigating€the€death€of€the€victim,€CodyÏBolton,€the€defendantððs€two€and€one„half„year„old€son.€€He€said€he€went€to€theÏdefendantððs€trailer€at€about€3:00€a.m.€on€November€23,€1995,€after€the€victim€wasÏadmitted€to€the€hospital.€€He€said€Lisa€Boyer,€the€defendantððs€live„in€girlfriend€and€theÏcodefendant€in€this€case,€was€at€the€trailer,€and€she€told€him€that€the€victim€had€fallenÏout€of€his€highchair.€€An€autopsy€photograph€of€the€victim€was€admitted€into€evidenceÏand€reflected€multiple€injuries€and€bruises€on€the€victimððs€face,€œchest€and›€œarmsñšñ,›€back,›Ïbuttocks,›€and›€groinñšñ.›€€Ìâ âÐ ²6ª/5 Ðà ¸ àOn€cross„examination,€Detective€Barton€said€that€Ms.€Boyer€was€veryÏâ âcalm€and€unemotional€when€he€spoke€with€her.€€He€said€that€she€relayed€the€followingÏfacts€regarding€that€night:€The€defendant€went€to€the€emergency€room€because€heÏinjured€his€finger€at€work€earlier€that€day.€€The€victim€was€put€to€bed€and€cried€when€theÏdefendant€left€the€home,€and€she€got€him€up€to€feed€him€at€about€11:30€p.m.€€She€putÏthe€victim€in€his€highchair€and€went€to€wash€his€tray€in€the€bathroom,€then€she€heard€aÏloud€bang.€€She€found€the€victim€lying€in€the€floor€with€a€bruise€near€his€left€temple,€andÏhe€was€not€breathing.€€She€became€hysterical€and€slapped€the€victim€three€times€on€theÏface€to€get€him€to€breathe.€€The€last€time€she€slapped€him€hard,€and€he€started€toÏbreathe.€€She€called€her€mother,€then€she€called€the€emergency€room€to€talk€to€theÏdefendant.€€She€told€the€defendant€to€come€home€because€the€victim€had€fallen€out€ofÏhis€highchair,€and€the€defendant€came€home€and€took€the€victim€to€the€emergencyÏroom.€€She€stayed€home€with€her€and€the€defendantððs€four„week„old€daughter,€Alisha.€ÏThe€victim€had€been€sick,€and€she€had€asked€the€defendant€to€call€the€clinic€to€get€theÏvictim€an€appointment,€but€the€clinic€was€closed.€€The€victim€had€no€injuries€when€theÏdefendant€left€to€go€to€the€emergency€room€for€his€finger.ÌÌà ¸ àCampbell€County€Sheriff€Ron€McClellan€testified€that€both€the€defendantÏand€Ms.€Boyer€gave€statements€at€the€sheriffððs€office.€€He€said€he€noticed€a€bandage€onÏthe€defendantððs€finger,€and€he€asked€the€defendant€how€he€injured€his€finger.€€He€saidÏthe€defendant€told€him€that€he€injured€it€at€work.€€He€said€the€defendant€told€him€thatÏwhen€he€walked€the€victim€to€his€bedroom€later€that€night,€the€victim€would€not€listen,Ïand€he€aggravated€his€injury€by€swatting€the€victim€on€the€bottom.ÌÌà ¸ àSharon€Sutton€testified€that€she€lived€in€the€trailer€across€from€theÏdefendant€and€Ms.€Boyer.€€She€said€that€on€November€22,€1995,€she€went€to€bed€atÏabout€8:30€or€9:00€p.m.€€She€said€that€after€she€went€to€bed,€she€heard€thumps.€€SheÏstated€that€she€got€up€and€looked€out€of€her€front€room€window€because€she€thoughtÐ Œ7„06 ÐÑ  í:ÕTÑÑÜÜÑÑÑÑ ÜÑÑÜÑÑ  Ññ¢ñÑ  í:ÕTÑÑÜÜÑÑÑÑ ÜÑÑÜÑÑ  Ññ¢ññšñÑ  í:ÕTÑÑÜÜÑÑÑÑ ÜÑÑÜÑÑ  Ññšñsomeone€was€on€one€of€her€vehicles.€€She€said€she€discovered€that€the€thumps€wereÏñ›ñÑ  í:ÕTÑÑÜÜÑÑÑÑ ÜÑÑÜÑÑ  Ññ›ñcoming€from€the€defendantððs€trailer.€€She€said€she€saw€a€man€and€a€woman€runningÏñšñÑ  í:ÕTÑÑÜÜÑÑÑÑ ÜÑÑÜÑÑ  Ññšñback€and€forth€in€the€hall€in€the€defendantððs€trailer.ÌÌà ¸ àOn€cross„examination,€Ms.€Sutton€said€she€had€been€in€bed€about€thirtyÏminutes€when€she€heard€the€thumps.€€She€said€she€gave€a€statement€to€the€police€inÏwhich€she€said€she€did€not€see€or€hear€any€children€that€night.€€She€said€she€heardÏmore€than€one€thump,€possibly€three,€and€she€heard€the€thumps€between€9:00€andÏ9:30€p.m.ÌÌà ¸ àDr.€Cleland€Blake,€the€assistant€chief€medical€examiner€for€Tennessee,Ïtestified€that€he€performed€an€autopsy€on€the€victim€on€November€23,€1995.€€He€saidÏthe€victim€had€many€bruises€of€differing€ages€on€his€body.€€He€said€the€victim€had€freshÏbruises€covering€the€left€side€of€his€face,€a€bruise€under€the€high€right€part€of€his€scalp,Ïand€a€broken€right€collarbone.€€He€said€the€victim€had€deep€bleeding€under€his€scalp€atÏthe€top€of€his€head€and€in€the€right€side€of€his€brain€under€the€skull.€€He€said€that€thisÏtype€of€bleeding€is€caused€by€an€impact€to€the€left€side€of€the€head€which€forces€theÏbrain€across€the€skull€and€causes€it€to€bounce€against€the€other€side€of€the€skull,€tearingÏblood€vessels€and€causing€the€bleeding.€€He€said€the€victim€had€swelling€andÏcompression€of€the€brain€that€pushed€the€brain€stem€down€to€the€hole€in€the€base€of€theÏskull€and€cut€off€the€victimððs€blood€supply,€ultimately€causing€his€death.ÌÌà ¸ àDr.€Blake€testified€that€the€victimððs€fatal€injury€was€on€the€left€side€of€theÏvictimððs€face€on€his€jaw,€left€cheek,€temple,€and€behind€his€left€ear.€€He€said€the€injuryÏwas€caused€by€the€blunt€impact€of€a€surface€that€pressed€the€left€ear€against€the€head.€ÏHe€said€that€when€the€victim€arrived€at€the€emergency€room€at€11:00€p.m.,€the€victimÏwas€unconscious.€€He€said€the€injury€would€have€occurred€two€to€three€hours€earlier,Ïnot€immediately€before€he€was€brought€to€the€hospital.€€He€said€the€victim€had€freshÏinjuries€on€the€left€side€of€his€face,€the€back€of€his€head,€the€back€of€his€right€shoulder,Ð ,8P28 ÐÑí:ÑÑÜ ÑÑÜÑÑ  Ññ¢ñÑí:ÑÑÜ ÑÑÜÑÑ  Ññ¢ññ›ñÑí:ÑÑÜ ÑÑÜÑÑ  Ññ›ñœand›€his€buttocks.€€He€said€that€the€bruise€on€top€of€the€victimððs€head€was€consistentÏwith€the€victim€falling€out€of€a€highchair,€but€it€did€not€cause€his€death.€€He€said€it€isÏinconceivable€that€the€victimððs€internal€bleeding€or€brain€injuries€resulted€from€falling€outÏof€a€highchair,€and€to€receive€such€injuries€from€a€fall,€the€victim€would€have€had€to€fallÏmore€than€twenty€feet.€€He€said€the€victimððs€injuries€were€consistent€with€child€abuse,Ïand€the€victimððs€fatal€injury€had€to€be€from€a€very€forceful€blunt€impact€between€anÏobject€and€the€victimððs€head.€€He€said€that€after€the€victim€received€the€injury,€he€wouldÏhave€gradually€lost€consciousness,€which€could€have€caused€him€to€fall€out€of€theÏhighchair.€€He€said€the€injuries€on€the€victimððs€back€and€right€shoulder€and€his€brokenÏcollarbone€show€that€there€were€definitely€two€impacts.ÌÌà ¸ àOn€cross„examination,€Dr.€Blake€testified€that€the€victim€had€someÏbruising€where€life€support€equipment€was€attached,€but€he€said€the€bruising€wasÏdifferent€from€the€victimððs€injuries.€€He€said€that€attempts€to€resuscitate€the€victim€byÏslapping€him€hard€on€the€face€would€not€have€caused€the€victimððs€injuries€or€his€death.€ÏHe€said€the€victimððs€bruises€that€were€one€to€two€days€old€did€not€contribute€to€hisÏdeath.ÌÌà ¸ àKeith€McKamey€testified€that€he€is€a€paramedic€and€that€he€saw€theÏdefendant€bring€the€victim€into€the€emergency€room€on€the€night€of€the€incident.€€HeÏsaid€the€defendant€was€walking€at€a€normal€pace€toward€the€hospital.€€He€said€heÏstopped€the€defendant€and€asked€him€what€happened,€and€the€defendant€said€theÏvictim€had€fallen€out€of€his€highchair.€€He€said€he€told€the€defendant€to€take€the€victimÏinside.€€He€said€he€went€back€to€his€ambulance€to€prepare€it€for€the€next€call€and€whenÏhe€finished,€he€went€into€the€emergency€room.€€He€said€the€defendant€was€standingÏinside€the€door€holding€the€victim.€€He€said€he€asked€the€defendant€if€anybody€hadÏhelped€him€yet,€and€he€could€tell€the€victim€was€in€bad€condition.€€He€said€he€checkedÏthe€victimððs€pulse,€and€it€was€in€the€fifties€or€sixties.€€He€said€he€took€the€victim€back€toÐ Œ7„06 Ðthe€triage€room.€€He€said€he€was€surprised€that€the€defendant€had€not€yet€taken€theÏvictim€back,€and€the€defendant€was€not€yelling€or€asking€anyone€for€help.ÌÌà ¸ àOn€cross„examination,€Mr.€McKamey€testified€that€there€was€one€personÏworking€at€the€emergency€room€window,€and€she€was€talking€to€someone€when€heÏentered€the€room.€€He€said€the€defendant€carried€the€victim€back€to€the€examiningÏroom,€and€he€showed€the€defendant€where€to€go.ÌÌà ¸ àChristy€McCulley€testified€that€she€was€the€registration€clerk€at€theÏemergency€room€that€night.€€She€said€she€had€gone€to€school€with€the€defendant.€€SheÏsaid€the€defendant€first€registered€at€10:57€p.m.€with€an€injured€hand.€€She€said€thatÏwhile€the€defendant€was€waiting€to€be€treated,€a€female€called€to€speak€with€theÏdefendant.€€She€said€the€woman,€who€was€crying,€told€her€it€was€an€emergency€andÏasked€her€to€hurry.€€She€said€she€rang€the€call€to€the€pay€telephone€in€the€waiting€area,Ïand€the€defendant€was€told€to€answer€it.€€She€said€she€saw€the€defendant€thirty€to€fortyÏminutes€later€with€the€victim,€who€looked€asleep.€€She€said€she€was€registering€anotherÏpatient,€and€the€defendant€stood€in€the€corner.€€She€said€the€defendant€never€told€herÏthe€victimððs€condition,€he€was€not€emotional,€and€he€did€not€yell€for€help.€€She€said€thatÏMr.€McKamey€finally€drew€her€attention€to€the€victim.ÌÌà ¸ àVivian€Loudy€testified€that€she€was€working€as€a€nurse€in€the€emergencyÏroom€that€night.€€She€said€she€saw€the€doctorsðð€assistants€carry€the€victim€into€theÏexamination€room.€€She€said€the€victim€was€very€pale,€limp€and€cold,€and€he€appearedÏto€be€near€death.€€She€said€the€victimððs€pulse€was€very€slow,€and€his€breathing€wasÏerratic.€€She€said€the€police€were€called.ÌÌà ¸ àDr.€Peter€V.€Claussen€testified€that€he€was€on€duty€at€the€University€ofÏTennessee€Hospital€in€Knoxville€that€night.€€He€said€the€victim€was€flown€to€UT€HospitalÐ Œ7„06 ÐÑ †ÑÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ  Ññ¢ñÑ †ÑÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ  Ññ¢ññ›ñÑ †ÑÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ  Ññ›ñfrom€Campbell€County€by€LifeStar.€€He€said€the€victimððs€symptoms€were€consistent€withÐ  Ða€blunt,€closed„head€trauma,€and€the€victim€had€massive€bleeding€inside€the€brain.€€HeÏsaid€the€victim€had€other€injuries€consistent€with€child€abuse.€€He€said€the€victimððsÏinjuries€could€not€have€been€caused€by€a€fall€from€a€highchair.€€He€said€the€fall€wouldÏhave€had€to€be€from€about€twenty€feet.€€He€said€the€victimððs€injuries€were€consistentÏwith€him€having€been€thrown€into€a€wall€with€substantial€force,€and€the€fatal€injuriesÏoccurred€one€to€two€hours€before€the€victim€was€brought€to€the€emergency€room.€€HeÏsaid€the€victim€may€have€lost€consciousness€from€the€blow,€regained€consciousness,Ïthen€deteriorated€again.€€He€said€it€would€take€the€victim€one€to€two€hours€after€theÏinjury€to€become€cold,€to€have€a€weak€pulse,€and€to€be€near€death.ÌÌà ¸ àOn€cross„examination,€Dr.€Claussen€testified€that€it€would€be€possible€forÏa€strong,€young€adult€male€to€throw€the€victim€into€a€wall€covered€with€paneling.€€HeÏsaid€that€such€a€force€would€cause€the€injuries€the€victim€received.ÌÌà ¸ àLisa€Boyer,€the€codefendant,€testified€that€she€began€living€with€theÏdefendant€a€few€weeks€before€the€incident.€€She€said€she€was€seventeen,€and€theÏdefendant€was€twenty„two.€€She€said€she€and€the€defendant€had€a€four„week„old€baby,ÏAlisha,€at€the€time€of€the€incident,€and€her€delivery€required€a€third€degree€episiotomy.€ÏShe€said€she€still€had€stitches€from€the€episiotomy€at€the€time€of€the€incident.€€She€saidÏthe€victim€was€not€her€child,€but€he€lived€with€her€and€the€defendant,€and€she€cared€forÏhim€during€the€day€when€the€defendant€was€at€work.€€She€testified€that€the€defendantÏwas€not€a€good€father.€€She€said€he€did€not€have€a€steady€job,€he€did€not€buy€groceriesÏfor€the€family,€and€he€did€not€pay€for€anything€other€than€the€rent.€€She€said€she€hadÏA.F.D.C.€and€W.I.C.€benefits€and€food€stamps.ÌÌà ¸ àMs.€Boyer€testified€that€the€weekend€before€the€incident,€the€victim€stayedÏwith€the€defendantððs€mother.€€She€said€that€when€the€victim€returned,€he€was€sick.€€SheÐ Œ7„06 Ðsaid€he€was€weak€and€had€a€fever€and€loss€of€appetite.€€She€said€she€gave€the€victimÏTylenol€and€Triaminic.€€She€said€three€doctorððs€appointments€had€been€scheduled€forÏthe€victim,€but€the€defendant€canceled€all€of€them.€€She€said€she€could€not€take€theÏvictim€to€the€doctor€because€she€had€no€transportation€œñœñand€ñœñbecause›€the€defendantÏwould€not€allow€it.€€She€said€that€on€November€22,€1995,€she€was€baking€pies€forÏThanksgiving€the€next€day.€€She€said€the€defendant€came€home€from€work€at€aboutÏ6:30€p.m.€and€said€he€had€injured€his€finger€at€work.€€She€said€the€defendant€told€herÏthat€he€needed€to€get€a€car€part,€and€she€told€him€to€pick€up€some€Karo€syrup€while€heÏwas€gone.€€She€said€that€when€the€defendant€left,€she€finished€feeding€Alisha€and€wentÏto€give€the€victim€a€bath.€€She€said€she€took€off€the€victimððs€shirt€and€saw€a€massiveÏamount€of€bruises€on€his€chest.€€She€said€this€scared€her,€and€she€decided€not€to€batheÏhim.€€ÌÌà ¸ àMs.€Boyer€testified€that€the€defendant€returned€about€one€and€one„halfÏhours€later,€but€he€had€forgotten€the€Karo€syrup.€€She€said€the€defendant€complainedÏabout€his€finger,€and€she€told€him€to€call€his€sister.€€She€said€the€defendant€took€theÏvictim€into€the€bathroom,€changed€the€victimððs€clothes,€and€talked€to€his€sister€with€theÏdoor€closed.€€She€said€he€then€left€to€get€the€syrup€and€came€back€about€ten€minutesÏlater.€€She€stated€that€she€made€dinner€for€the€defendant€and€the€victim,€and€theÏdefendant€sat€on€the€couch€and€ate.€€She€said€she€tried€to€feed€the€victim,€but€he€didÏnot€want€to€eat.€€She€said€she€poured€grape€juice€for€the€victim€and€told€him€that€if€heÏate,€he€would€get€to€drink€the€juice.€€She€said€the€victim€took€a€bite€of€food€and€chewedÏthen€drank€some€juice.€€She€said€she€turned€around,€leaving€the€juice€cup€on€theÏvictimððs€tray,€and€the€victim€tried€to€drink€the€whole€cup€of€juice.€€She€said€this€causedÏthe€victim€to€choke,€and€he€spit€up€his€food€on€the€highchair€tray.ÌÌà ¸ àMs.€Boyer€testified€that€she€asked€the€defendant€to€help€her€because€sheÏwas€trying€to€take€care€of€Alisha.€€She€said€the€defendant€got€the€victim€down€from€theÐ Œ7„06 Ðhighchair€and€said€he€was€tired€of€the€victim€gagging.€€She€said€the€defendant€turnedÏthe€victim€over€his€knee€and€spanked€him.€€She€said€the€defendant€would€not€stopÏspanking€the€victim,€and€she€finally€told€him€to€leave€the€victim€alone€and€to€take€him€toÏhis€bedroom.€€She€said€the€defendant€continued€to€spank€the€victim€as€they€walkedÏthrough€the€hall€to€the€victimððs€room,€and€the€defendant€hit€the€victim€so€hard€he€startedÏto€fall€forward.€€She€said€the€defendant€grabbed€the€victim€by€his€shirt€collar€and€carriedÏhim€into€the€bedroom.€€She€said€she€put€Alisha€down€and€took€the€victimððs€tray€to€theÏbathroom€to€wash€it.€€She€said€she€passed€the€victimððs€room€and€saw€the€victimÏstanding€up€while€the€defendant€was€pointing€at€him€and€talking€to€him.€€She€said€thatÏshe€took€the€tray€to€the€bathroom€and€started€to€spray€it€off€when€she€heard€a€loudÏthump€from€the€victimððs€bedroom.€€She€said€she€ran€to€the€bedroom€and€saw€theÏdefendant€holding€the€victim€by€his€ankle€and€wrist,€and€the€defendant€threw€the€victimÏagainst€the€wall€above€the€victimððs€bed.€€She€said€the€victim€bounced€off€the€wall€andÏlanded€face€forward,€limp€on€his€bed.€€She€said€the€defendant€then€reached€up€andÏspanked€the€defendantððs€bottom€very€hard.€€She€said€she€screamed€and€told€theÏdefendant€that€he€had€done€enough€and€to€get€out€of€the€room.€€She€said€the€defendantÏcame€out€and€said€ð ðI€warped€him€so€hard,€I€canððt€believe€he€is€not€crying,€I€warped€himÏso€hard€I€hurt€my€hand.ððÌÌà ¸ àMs.€Boyer€said€she€told€the€defendant€to€go€to€the€hospital.€€She€said€thatÏbefore€he€left,€the€defendant€told€her€to€try€to€feed€the€victim.€€She€said€the€defendantÏtold€her€if€the€victim€would€not€eat,€she€should€leave€him€and€go€to€bed,€and€he€wouldÏdeal€with€him€when€he€got€home.€€She€said€she€went€to€the€kitchen€and€made€the€victimÏa€new€plate€of€food.€€She€said€she€went€to€get€the€victim€out€of€bed,€but€he€was€notÏresponsive.€€She€said€she€helped€the€victim€out€of€bed,€and€she€noticed€that€he€wasÏwalking€funny€with€his€legs€crossed,€and€he€was€slouched€and€scooting.€€She€said€theÏvictim€reached€the€highchair,€and€she€told€him€to€hop€up.€€She€said€the€victim€did€notÏrespond€but€made€a€moaning€noise.€€She€said€she€tried€to€pick€up€the€victim€while€sheÐ Œ7„06 Ðwas€holding€Alisha,€but€this€caused€her€to€stumble€forward€toward€the€highchair,€andÏthe€victim€bumped€his€head€on€the€wall.€€She€said€she€straightened€the€victim,€gave€himÏsome€food,€and€asked€him€to€eat.€€She€said€the€victim€stared€straight€ahead,€and€hisÏeyes€looked€dilated.€€She€said€the€victim€started€to€slide€back€in€his€chair€and€tried€toÏslide€down.€€She€said€she€put€Alisha€down€and€went€to€the€bathroom€to€get€the€victimððsÏtray,€and€she€heard€a€loud€thump.€€She€said€she€ran€to€the€kitchen€and€saw€that€theÏvictim€had€fallen€out€of€his€highchair€and€was€lying€on€the€floor.ÌÌà ¸ àMs.€Boyer€said€she€ran€to€the€victim€and€rolled€him€over,€but€he€was€notÏbreathing€and€had€no€pulse.€€She€said€she€became€panicked€and€scared,€and€sheÏyelled€the€victimððs€name.€€She€said€she€picked€up€the€victim,€ran€to€the€bathroom,€andÏsplashed€cold€water€on€his€head,€but€the€victim€did€not€respond.€€She€said€she€slappedÏhim€lightly€twice€and€hard€once,€and€the€victim€began€to€breathe.€€She€said€she€triedÏCPR€on€the€victim€but€got€no€response.€€She€said€she€noticed€extremely€large€bruisesÏon€the€side€of€the€victimððs€face,€and€the€victim€was€still€not€breathing€normally.€€She€saidÏshe€called€her€mother€who€told€her€to€call€an€ambulance.€€She€said€she€did€not€call€anÏambulance€because€she€had€not€lived€in€the€trailer€long,€and€she€did€not€know€theÏaddress€or€box€number.€€She€said€she€called€her€mother€again€and€was€hysterical,€andÏher€mother€told€her€to€call€the€defendant.€€She€said€she€called€the€defendant€at€theÏhospital€and€told€him€that€the€victim€had€fallen€out€of€his€highchair€and€was€notÏbreathing.€€She€said€she€asked€the€defendant€if€she€should€call€an€ambulance,€and€theÏdefendant€told€her€she€should€not,€and€he€would€be€home€in€a€few€minutes.€€She€saidÏthe€defendant€arrived€and€asked€if€the€victim€was€breathing,€and€she€said€she€told€theÏdefendant,€ð ðbarely.ðð€€She€said€the€defendant€dumped€a€glass€of€water€on€the€victim,Ïthen€picked€him€up€and€took€him€to€the€hospital.€€ÌÌà ¸ àMs.€Boyer€testified€that€Detective€Barton€took€her€statement€early€the€nextÏmorning.€€She€said€she€told€him€about€the€victim€falling€out€of€the€highchair,€but€she€didÐ Œ7„06 Ðnot€tell€him€what€the€defendant€had€done€because€she€was€afraid€of€the€defendant.€ÏShe€said€she€later€told€Detective€Scott€Smith€what€the€defendant€had€done,€and€sheÏwaited€so€long€because€she€was€afraid€of€the€defendant€and€because€she€felt€guiltyÏabout€letting€the€victim€fall€out€of€the€highchair.ÌÌà ¸ àOn€cross„examination,€Ms.€Boyer€said€that€she€first€gave€a€statement€toÏDetective€Barton€at€the€trailer€on€November€23€at€3:00€a.m.€€She€said€the€defendantÏwas€not€at€the€trailer€when€she€gave€the€statement.€€She€said€she€gave€a€recordedÏstatement€to€Detective€Smith€and€Sheriff€McClellan€at€the€sheriffððs€department€onÏNovember€23€at€4:55€p.m.€€She€said€the€officers€talked€to€her€for€about€an€hour€andÏone„half€before€her€statement€was€recorded,€and€Detective€Smith€told€her€to€cutÏthrough€the€ð ðbulls**tðð€because€he€had€a€preliminary€autopsy€report€indicating€that€the€fallÏfrom€the€highchair€and€her€efforts€to€resuscitate€the€victim€killed€him.€€She€said€SmithÏtold€her€that€a€request€for€a€lawyer€would€be€considered€a€lack€of€cooperation,€and€ifÏshe€did€not€say€what€he€wanted€to€hear,€he€would€try€to€send€her€to€the€electric€chair.€ÏShe€admitted€that€she€was€advised€of€her€rights€and€was€willing€to€talk€without€anÏattorney.€€She€admitted€that€in€the€second€statement,€she€said€that€she€picked€up€theÏvictim€and€tossed€him€into€his€highchair€and€that€his€head€flew€back€and€hit€the€wall,€butÏshe€testified€that€the€statement€was€not€in€her€own€words.€€She€said€that€after€she€gaveÏthe€second€statement,€she€was€placed€in€a€cell€and€charged€with€murder.€€She€said€thatÏfive€or€six€hours€later,€she€gave€a€third€statement€to€Detective€Smith,€and€she€finally€toldÏhim€what€the€defendant€had€done.ÌÌà ¸ àMs.€Boyer€testified€that€the€defendant€had€previously€threatened€her€andÏtold€her€that€he€knew€everybody€in€town€and€that€they€would€believe€him€not€her.€€SheÏsaid€he€told€her€that€her€baby€would€be€taken€away€and€that€he€could€cry€at€the€drop€ofÏa€hat.€€She€said€the€defendant€liked€to€aggravate€the€victim.€€She€said€he€thought€it€wasÏfunny€to€push€the€victim€down.€€She€said€he€would€also€straddle€the€victim€on€the€floorÐ Œ7„06 Ðand€hold€him€down€until€the€victim€screamed€or€cried.€€She€testified€that€the€defendantÏwould€pick€up€the€victim€by€his€head€and€shake€him.€€She€said€that€once€during€toiletÏtraining€when€the€victim€wet€the€floor,€the€defendant€told€her€she€should€rub€the€victimððsÏnose€in€it€like€a€dog.€€She€said€the€defendant€took€the€victim€into€the€bathroom€and€putÏthe€wet€underpants€on€the€victimððs€head€as€the€victim€cried.€€She€said€she€did€not€takeÏout€an€order€of€protection€against€the€defendant€because€she€was€scared.ÌÌà ¸ àOn€cross„examination€by€her€attorney,€Ms.€Boyer€stated€that€she€is€fiveÏfeet,€one€inch,€and€she€weighs€ninety„five€pounds.€€She€said€she€initially€believed€thatÏthe€victimððs€fall€from€the€highchair€caused€his€death.€€She€said€she€felt€intimidated€byÏDetective€Smith,€and€she€had€seen€him€talking€with€the€defendantððs€family€earlier.€€SheÏsaid€that€the€district€attorney€did€not€promise€her€anything€for€her€testimony€and€thatÏshe€was€only€testifying€to€tell€the€truth.€€She€said€she€did€not€cause€the€victimððs€injuriesÏand€did€not€physically€punish€the€victim.ÌÌà ¸ àClyde€Taylor,€the€defendantððs€brother„in„law,€testified€that€the€defendantÏworked€for€him€at€his€business,€T&T€Vinyl€Siding,€on€November€22,€1995.€€He€said€theÏdefendant€injured€his€right€hand€at€work€that€day.€€He€said€the€defendant€finishedÏworking€but€complained€about€his€hand.€€He€said€the€defendant€left€his€car€at€TaylorððsÏhouse€that€morning,€and€the€defendant€rode€with€him€to€his€house€after€work€to€pick€upÏhis€car.€€He€said€that€later€that€night,€the€defendant€called€Taylorððs€wife€and€told€her€thatÏthe€victim€was€ill,€and€he€said€his€wife€went€to€the€hospital.€€He€said€he€called€LisaÏBoyer€at€the€trailer,€and€Ms.€Boyer€told€him€that€she€had€been€feeding€the€victim€in€hisÏhighchair€when€she€left€to€wash€his€tray.€€He€said€Ms.€Boyer€told€him€that€she€heard€aÏthump€and€found€the€victim€lying€unconscious€on€the€floor.€€Mr.€Taylor€testified€that€heÏwent€to€the€trailer€the€day€after€the€victim€died€to€get€things€for€Alisha,€who€was€stayingÏwith€him€and€his€wife,€and€the€trailer€was€clean€and€orderly.€€He€said€the€victimððs€bedÏwas€made.€€He€said€the€defendant€had€not€been€back€to€the€trailer€since€the€incident.€Ð Œ7„06 ÐMr.€Taylor€said€the€defendant€was€a€good€employee,€and€he€never€saw€the€defendantÏmistreat€the€victim.ÌÌà ¸ àOn€cross„examination,€Mr.€Taylor€testified€that€the€defendant€had€workedÏfor€him€full„time€for€eight€months€preceding€the€victimððs€death.€€He€said€the€defendantÏwas€making€as€much€as€three€hundred€dollars€each€week.€€He€said€he€did€not€knowÏthat€the€defendant€had€applied€for€food€stamps€and€A.F.D.C.€benefits€on€October€23,Ï1995.€€He€identified€an€A.F.D.C.€application€in€which€the€defendant€reported€that€heÏearned€four€hundred€and€fifty€dollars€the€preceding€month.€€Mr.€Taylor€said€theÏdefendant€no€longer€works€for€him,€but€he€denied€that€the€defendant€was€fired€becauseÏof€drug€use.€€He€said€his€wife€maintains€the€payroll€records€for€his€business,€and€theÏrecords€do€not€contain€the€hourly€wages€paid€to€employees.ÌÌà ¸ àLisa€Taylor,€the€defendantððs€sister,€testified€that€she€operates€herÏhusbandððs€business€office.€€She€said€she€sometimes€prepares€the€payroll.€€She€saidÏshe€never€saw€the€defendant€mistreat€the€victim,€and€they€had€a€normal€father/sonÏrelationship.€€She€said€she€drove€the€defendant€and€their€parents€to€UT€Hospital€theÏmorning€of€the€incident,€and€the€defendant€was€crying€and€appeared€to€be€devastated.€ÏShe€said€that€two€interns€at€UT€told€them€that€the€victim€had€head€injuries.€€She€said€theÏinterns€told€them€the€injuries€were€not€consistent€with€the€victim€falling€out€of€aÏhighchair,€and€the€defendant€looked€shocked.€€She€said€the€defendant€saw€the€victim€atÏUT€before€he€died,€and€the€defendant€was€crying€and€looked€like€he€might€faint.€€SheÏsaid€that€earlier€that€day€when€the€defendant€and€her€husband€returned€from€work,€theÏdefendantððs€finger€was€taped.€€She€said€the€defendant€called€her€later€that€night€at€8:58Ïp.m.€€She€said€that€she€went€with€her€husband€to€the€defendantððs€trailer€after€the€victimÏdied,€and€the€trailer€was€immaculate.€Ìâ âÐ À5¸.4 Ðà ¸ àOn€cross„examination,€Ms.€Taylor€testified€that€the€defendant€worked€forÏâ âher€husband€periodically.€€She€said€he€worked€mostly€full„time€during€the€yearÏpreceding€the€victimððs€death.€€She€said€the€defendant€made€about€seven€dollars€anÏhour,€and€he€worked€long€hours€in€the€weeks€preceding€the€victimððs€death.€€She€saidÏshe€was€unaware€that€a€month€before€the€victimððs€death,€the€defendant€had€applied€forÏA.F.D.C.€benefits€and€food€stamps.€€She€acknowledged€that€on€the€application,€theÏdefendant€reported€earning€four€hundred€and€fifty€dollars€per€month,€and€she€said€thatÏwas€a€lie.€€Ms.€Taylor€said€that€their€mother,€Ruth€Bolton,€was€the€victimððs€primaryÏcaretaker,€but€she€said€both€Mr.€and€Mrs.€Bolton€were€sick€around€Thanksgiving€ofÏ1995.€€She€said€she€and€her€other€siblings€felt€it€was€too€much€for€their€parents€to€try€toÏcare€for€the€victim,€and€they€felt€the€defendant€should€take€care€of€his€own€child.€€ÌÌà ¸ àElla€Nolan€testified€that€she€was€in€the€emergency€room€with€her€daughterÏon€November€22,€1995.€€She€said€the€pay€telephone€rang,€and€she€answered€it.€€SheÏsaid€a€female€who€seemed€calm€asked€for€the€defendant,€and€the€defendant€took€theÏcall.€€On€cross„examination,€she€said€she€did€not€know€if€it€was€the€receptionist€whoÏrang€the€pay€telephone.ÌÌà ¸ àElla€Suzanne€Nolan,€the€granddaughter€of€Ella€Nolan,€testified€that€sheÏwas€at€the€emergency€room€that€night,€and€her€grandmother€asked€her€to€find€CurtisÏBolton.€€She€said€she€found€him,€and€the€defendant€answered€the€telephone.€€She€saidÏthe€defendant€left€and€returned€about€twenty€or€thirty€minutes€later€carrying€the€victim.€ÏShe€said€the€defendant€took€the€victim€to€the€front€desk,€then€went€back€into€theÏexamination€room.€€She€said€the€defendant€then€came€out€and€paced€up€and€down€theÏhall.ÌÌà ¸ àBrian€Lloyd,€the€defendantððs€cousin,€testified€that€the€defendant,€theÏdefendantððs€ex„wife,€and€the€victim€lived€with€him€for€a€few€months€in€the€early€fall€ofÐ Œ7„06 Ð1994.€€He€said€he€never€saw€the€defendant€mistreat€the€victim,€and€they€had€a€goodÏrelationship.€€He€said€the€defendant€would€scold€the€victim€and€smack€his€hand.€€OnÏcross„examination,€he€said€he€did€not€observe€the€defendant€when€he€lived€with€Ms.ÏBoyer,€and€the€victim€was€barely€walking€when€he€lived€with€him.ÌÌà ¸ àThe€defendantððs€mother,€Mary€Ruth€Bolton,€testified€that€after€theÏdefendant€divorced€his€first€wife,€the€victimððs€mother,€the€defendant€and€the€victim€livedÏwith€her€and€her€husband.€€She€said€the€defendant€and€victim€had€a€loving€relationship,Ïand€she€never€saw€the€defendant€mistreat€the€victim.€€She€said€the€defendant€paid€herÏone€hundred€dollars€per€week€to€buy€the€victimððs€food€and€supplies.€€She€said€theÏdefendant€also€made€a€car€payment€to€her.€€She€denied€telling€Ms.€Boyer€to€keep€anÏeye€on€the€victim€when€the€defendant€was€around.€€ÌÌà ¸ àMrs.€Bolton€testified€that€the€defendant€called€her€from€the€hospital€on€theÏnight€of€the€incident.€€She€said€she€and€her€husband€arrived€at€the€hospital€about€tenÏminutes€later,€and€the€defendant€was€crying.€€She€said€the€defendant€could€not€tell€herÏwhat€was€wrong,€and€he€only€said€that€the€victim€fell€out€of€his€highchair.€€She€said€herÏdaughter€drove€them€to€UT€Hospital,€and€the€defendant€cried€the€entire€way.€€She€saidÏthe€defendant€said,€ð ðHe€couldnððt€have€hit€his€head€that€hard,€he€couldnððt€have.ðð€€SheÏsaid€that€when€they€arrived€at€UT€Hospital,€the€defendant€sat€and€cried.€€She€said€heÏtried€to€see€the€victim,€but€he€was€not€allowed.€€She€said€the€defendant€has€lived€withÏher€and€her€husband€since€the€incident.ÌÌà ¸ àMrs.€Bolton€said€that€on€the€night€of€the€incident,€she€talked€with€Ms.ÏBoyer€on€the€telephone.€€She€said€Ms.€Boyer€told€her€that€the€victim€was€sitting€in€hisÏhighchair,€and€the€defendant€was€at€the€hospital€getting€his€finger€treated.€€She€saidÏshe€could€hear€the€victim€talking.ÌÐ Œ7„06 Ðà ¸ àOn€cross„examination,€Mrs.€Bolton€testified€that€she€took€care€of€theÏvictim€when€the€defendant€worked€or€went€out€to€eat.€€She€admitted€that€she€took€careÏof€the€victim€a€lot€more€than€the€defendant€did,€but€she€denied€that€the€victim€went€toÏlive€with€the€defendant€because€her€other€children€said€he€should.€€She€said€the€victimÏwent€to€live€with€the€defendant€because€the€defendant€wanted€to€make€a€home€for€theÏvictim.€€She€said€that€she€would€do€anything€for€the€defendant€and€that€she€would€notÏbe€much€of€a€mother€if€she€did€not.€€She€said€she€bought€a€car€for€the€defendant,€butÏhe€paid€her€for€it.€€She€said€she€paid€off€the€defendantððs€bad€checks.€€She€said€if€theÏdefendant€needed€something,€he€would€not€hesitate€to€ask€her€for€it.€€With€regard€to€theÏdefendantððs€application€for€A.F.D.C.€benefits€and€food€stamps,€she€said€that€sheÏbelieved€the€defendant€requested€that€she€not€be€contacted€because€the€defendantÏknew€she€would€give€him€money€and€that€he€thought€she€had€given€him€enough.€€SheÏsaid€the€defendant€was€not€working€full€time.€€She€said€that€she€did€not€want€theÏdefendant€to€go€to€jail.€€She€said€that€the€defendant€had€been€living€with€Ms.€BoyerÏabout€two€or€three€weeks€before€the€victimððs€death.€€She€said€that€it€was€later€than€5:00Ïp.m.€when€she€talked€to€Ms.€Boyer€on€November€22.€€On€redirect€examination,€Mrs.ÏBolton€said€that€she€would€not€lie€under€oath€for€the€defendant.€ÌÌà ¸ àThe€defendant€testified€that€he€worked€for€his€brother„in„law€at€T&T€VinylÏSiding€periodically€for€two€years.€€He€said€he€also€worked€at€Goodyððs,€Little€CaesarsÏPizza€and€Taco€Bell.€€He€said€he€was€fired€from€Goodyððs€because€of€excessiveÏabsenteeism.€€He€said€that€his€brother„in„law€did€not€fire€him€from€T&T€Vinyl€Siding.€€HeÏsaid€that€when€he€worked€for€his€brother„in„law,€his€weekly€paycheck€varied€from€oneÏhundred€to€two€hundred€dollars.€€He€said€he€paid€three€hundred€dollars€per€month€inÏrent,€and€he€occasionally€bought€food€for€his€family.€€He€said€that€Ms.€Boyer€hadÏA.F.D.C.€benefits€and€food€stamps.€€He€said€he€provided€clothing€for€the€victim,€and€hisÏâ âparents€helped€buy€things€for€the€victim.€€He€said€the€victim€spent€a€great€deal€of€time€atÐ À5¸.4 Ðhis€parentsðð€house.€€He€said€his€mother€was€very€attached€to€the€victim.€€He€said€heÏloved€the€victim€with€all€his€heart.Ìâ âÌà ¸ à€€The€defendant€testified€that€on€November€22,€1995,€he€worked€on€a€jobÏfor€his€brother„in„law.€€He€said€he€had€been€working€steadily€there€for€the€precedingÏthree€or€four€weeks.€€He€said€he€injured€his€hand€that€day€at€about€2:00€or€3:00€p.m.,Ïbut€he€continued€to€work.€€He€said€that€when€he€returned€home€from€work,€Ms.€BoyerÏtold€him€that€earlier€that€day,€the€victim€had€a€temperature€of€one€hundred€and€oneÏdegrees,€and€she€had€given€him€medicine.€€The€defendant€said€the€victim€looked€like€heÏdid€not€feel€well€and€was€unresponsive.€€He€said€he€tried€to€make€a€doctorððsÏappointment€for€the€victim,€but€the€clinic€was€closed€for€Thanksgiving.€€He€said€he€gaveÏthe€victim€a€bath€while€Ms.€Boyer€fed€Alisha.€€He€said€that€when€he€finished,€he€told€Ms.ÏBoyer€that€he€was€going€to€Wal„Mart€to€get€a€car€part,€and€Ms.€Boyer€asked€him€to€pickÏup€Karo€syrup.€€He€said€he€did€not€find€the€car€part,€and€he€came€back€home,€but€heÏforgot€the€syrup.€€He€said€Ms.€Boyer€raised€her€voice,€and€he€went€back€out€and€got€theÏsyrup.ÌÌà ¸ àThe€defendant€stated€that€when€he€returned€home,€Ms.€Boyer€preparedÏdinner.€€He€said€he€told€Ms.€Boyer€that€he€might€go€to€the€emergency€room€later€thatÏnight€because€of€his€finger,€and€he€said€he€called€his€sister€because€she€had€studiedÏnursing.€€He€said€he€put€the€victim€in€his€highchair€to€get€him€to€eat.€€He€said€the€victimÏstarted€choking€on€his€pork€chop,€and€Ms.€Boyer€told€the€victim€he€could€not€have€anyÏjuice€until€he€ate.€€He€said€he€told€Ms.€Boyer€to€give€the€victim€the€juice.€€He€said€theÏvictim€drank€the€juice€but€would€not€eat.€€He€said€he€took€the€victim€out€of€the€highchairÏand€sat€the€victim€beside€him€on€the€couch.€€He€said€the€victim€watched€television€andÏstill€would€not€eat.€€He€said€that€at€about€10:30€p.m.,€he€told€Ms.€Boyer€he€was€going€toÏâ âthe€emergency€room,€and€he€put€the€victim€to€bed.€€He€said€he€took€the€victim€by€theÐ À5¸.4 Ðhand€and€led€him€to€bed.€€He€said€the€victim€crawled€into€bed€and€cuddled€up€to€hisÏpillow.€€He€said€he€turned€out€the€light€and€told€the€victim€he€loved€him.Ìâ âÌà ¸ àThe€defendant€testified€that€he€went€to€the€emergency€room€and€while€heÏwas€waiting,€he€received€a€telephone€call€from€Ms.€Boyer.€€He€said€Ms.€Boyer€wasÏcrying€and€frantic,€and€she€told€him€that€the€victim€had€fallen€out€of€his€highchair.€€HeÏsaid€he€immediately€sped€home.€€He€said€it€never€occurred€to€him€to€get€an€ambulance.€ÏHe€said€that€when€he€arrived€home,€the€victim€was€lying€face€down€in€his€bed€andÏappeared€pale,€limp€and€helpless.€€He€said€he€rolled€the€victim€over€and€tested€for€aÏpulse,€and€the€victimððs€eyes€were€dilated.€€He€said€he€scooped€up€the€victim,€ranÏthrough€the€trailer,€and€told€Ms.€Boyer€he€would€be€back€later€or€he€would€call€her.ÌÌà ¸ àThe€defendant€stated€that€when€he€arrived€at€the€emergency€room€withÏthe€victim,€two€paramedics€asked€him€what€happened.€€He€said€he€told€them€that€theÏvictim€had€fallen€out€of€his€highchair.€€He€said€one€of€the€paramedics€took€the€victimððsÏpulse,€and€the€defendant€took€the€victim€into€the€examining€room.€€He€said€he€left€theÏvictim€and€went€to€move€his€car,€and€when€he€came€back,€the€doors€leading€to€theÏvictim€were€locked.€€He€said€he€sneaked€in€behind€an€employee€but€was€escorted€out€toÏthe€waiting€room.€€He€said€he€asked€the€front€desk€staff€what€was€happening,€but€theyÏdid€not€give€him€any€information.€€He€said€he€called€his€parents€from€the€pay€telephone,Ïand€they€came€to€the€hospital.€€He€said€he€repeatedly€tried€to€get€information€on€theÏvictimððs€condition€but€could€not.€€He€said€when€an€employee€asked€him€to€give€consentÏto€have€the€victim€flown€to€UT€Hospital€on€LifeStar,€he€was€shocked€because€he€did€notÏknow€the€victimððs€condition€was€that€serious.€€He€said€he€and€his€family€went€to€UTÏHospital€where€he€stayed€until€2:00€or€3:00€p.m.€Thanksgiving€day.€€He€said€he€was€toldÏthat€the€victim€suffered€a€heavy€blow€to€the€head€and€had€very€little€chance€of€surviving.€ÏÌÐ Œ7„06 Ðà ¸ àThe€defendant€testified€that€he€never€told€Ms.€Boyer€to€wake€up€the€victimÏand€feed€him.€€He€said€his€methods€of€discipline€included€a€slight€swat€on€the€victimððsÏdiaper€or€a€smack€on€his€hand.€€He€said€he€did€not€throw€the€victim€against€a€wall.ÌÌà ¸ àOn€cross„examination,€the€defendant€testified€that€the€day€before€hisÏtestimony€at€trial,€he€called€to€speak€to€a€friend,€Bridgette€Vickory,€and€he€told€VickoryððsÏfriend€Rita€Jean€Dabney€that€if€Vickory€loved€him,€she€should€do€something€becauseÏthe€situation€was€not€looking€good.€€He€said€that€by€ð ðsituation,ðð€he€meant€the€trial.€€HeÏtestified€that€he€is€healthy€and€strong€and€that€his€jobs€have€entailed€a€lot€of€heavyÏlifting.€€He€said€he€knew€that€Ms.€Boyer€had€a€difficult€pregnancy€with€Alisha.€€He€saidÏthat€during€the€past€year,€Alisha€had€been€in€DHS€custody,€and€he€had€called€only€twoÏor€three€times€to€check€on€her€welfare.€€He€said€that€in€the€past€several€months,€he€hadÏmade€no€effort€to€check€on€her€welfare.ÌÌà ¸ àThe€defendant€testified€that€he€did€not€purchase€pain€medication€for€hisÏfinger€when€he€went€to€look€for€a€car€part€because€he€had€pain€medication€at€home.€€HeÏadmitted€to€giving€a€statement€to€Detective€Smith€on€November€23€in€which€he€said€heÏdid€not€have€any€pain€medication€in€the€house.€€He€admitted€to€giving€a€statement€toÏDetective€Barton€in€which€he€said€that€on€the€night€of€the€incident,€he€fed€the€victimÏjuice€and€gave€him€Tylenol€as€he€was€walking€out€the€door€to€go€to€the€hospital€for€hisÏfinger.€€He€admitted€that€his€testimony€on€the€stand€was€different€from€the€statement€heÏgave€to€Detective€Barton.€€ÌÌà ¸ àThe€defendant€stated€that€after€he€received€the€call€from€Ms.€Boyer€at€theÏhospital,€he€ran€to€his€car€which€was€parked€where€the€ambulance€was€parked.€€He€saidÏhe€did€not€ask€anyone€at€the€hospital€for€help.€€He€said€that€when€he€returned€to€theÏhospital€with€the€victim,€two€paramedics€were€flirting€with€the€desk€worker,€and€he€hadÏto€get€their€attention.€€He€denied€swatting€the€victimððs€bottom€that€night.€€The€defendantÐ Œ7„06 Ðadmitted€that€things€were€not€going€well€around€the€house€in€the€weeks€preceding€theÏvictimððs€death.€€He€said€he€slept€on€the€couch,€and€Ms.€Boyer€slept€with€the€children.€€AÏstatement€by€the€defendant€to€Detective€Smith€was€read€into€evidence€in€which€theÏdefendant€stated€that€he€suspected€Ms.€Boyer€of€seeing€someone€else€and€that€he€hadÏglued€the€delete€button€on€their€caller€identification€box€so€that€Ms.€Boyer€could€notÏdelete€her€telephone€calls.€€At€trial,€he€denied€gluing€the€delete€button.ÌÌà ¸ àThe€defendant€stated€that€he€did€not€think€about€taking€the€victim€with€himÏto€the€emergency€room€the€first€time€even€though€Ms.€Boyer€had€told€him€that€the€victimÏhad€been€sick€for€two€weeks.€€He€admitted€that€he€might€have€failed€to€keep€threeÏdoctorððs€appointments€that€Ms.€Boyer€had€made€for€the€victim.€€He€said€that€he€and€Ms.ÏBoyer€had€agreed€that€he€would€discipline€the€victim,€and€he€said€he€never€saw€Ms.ÏBoyer€discipline€the€victim.€€He€said€he€rarely€saw€the€victim€other€than€fifteen€minutesÏbefore€work€and€fifteen€minutes€after€work.ÌÌà ¸ àWith€respect€to€the€application€for€A.F.D.C.€and€food€stamps,€theÏdefendant€€admitted€that€he€listed€his€income€as€four€hundred€and€eighty€dollars€perÏmonth.€€The€defendantððs€tax€records€were€admitted€into€evidence,€and€they€reflectedÏthat€the€defendant€earned€four€thousand€seven€hundred€and€eighty€dollars€during€a€fourÏmonth€period.€€The€defendant€admitted€that€he€lied€on€the€A.F.D.C.€and€food€stampÏapplication€for€the€purpose€of€receiving€money.€€He€explained€that€he€must€haveÏinadvertently€checked€the€ð ðdo€not€contactðð€box,€listing€his€mother€and€Ms.€Boyer,€due€toÏhis€poor€eyesight.€€He€admitted€that€he€had€seven€worthless€check€charges€and€thatÏpassing€a€worthless€check€is€a€form€of€lying.€€He€said€that€the€jury€had€no€reason€toÏbelieve€his€testimony€at€trial.ÌÌà ¸ àDetective€Scott€Smith€testified€that€he€took€a€statement€from€Ms.€Boyer€onÏNovember€23,€1995,€at€4:55€p.m.€€He€said€he€talked€to€her€for€thirty€to€thirty„fiveÐ Œ7„06 Ðminutes€before€taping€the€statement.€€He€said€that€he€may€have€intimidated€Ms.€Boyer,Ïbut€he€did€not€threaten€her.€€He€said€he€interviewed€Ms.€Boyer€again€at€11:21€p.m.,€andÏa€portion€of€the€statement€was€read€into€evidence.€€In€the€statement,€Ms.€Boyer€saidÏthat€she€was€holding€Alisha€and€trying€to€help€the€victim€into€his€highchair,€but€she€wasÏdropping€both€of€them.€€She€said€she€was€trying€to€drop€the€victim€into€the€highchair,Ïand€she€did€not€mean€to€throw€him€into€the€highchair.€€She€said€she€did€not€think€theÏvictim€would€hit€his€head.ÌÌà ¸ àOn€cross„examination,€Detective€Smith€testified€that€when€he€interviewedÏMs.€Boyer,€he€did€not€have€the€autopsy€results.€€He€said€he€did€not€know€that€the€victimÏwas€already€dying€of€a€head€injury€when€Ms.€Boyer€tried€to€get€the€victim€in€hisÏhighchair.€€He€said€Ms.€Boyer€looked€like€she€felt€guilty€about€the€victim€falling€out€of€hisÏhighchair.€€He€said€that€his€original€theory€of€the€case€was€that€the€victim€was€fatallyÏinjured€from€falling€out€of€the€highchair€but€that€his€theory€changed€when€he€receivedÏthe€autopsy€results.ÌÌà ¸ àArthur€Jones,€Jr.,€the€boyfriend€of€Ms.€Boyerððs€mother,€testified€that€sinceÏthe€incident,€Ms.€Boyer€had€seen€Alisha€three€days€per€week€and€as€often€as€she€wasÏallowed.€€He€said€Ms.€Boyer€called€to€check€on€Alisha€nearly€every€night.€€He€said€thatÏwhen€Ms.€Boyer€is€angry,€she€withdraws€and€does€not€become€aggressive.ÌÌÓ  Óò òI.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEÐ Ä,¼%* Ðó óÓ  Óà ¸ àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€hisÐ œ.”', Ðconviction.€€Specifically,€he€argues€that€Ms.€Boyer€was€an€accomplice,€and€herÏtestimony€was€not€corroborated.€€The€state€contends€that€Ms.€Boyer€was€not€anÏaccomplice€and€that€even€if€she€was,€her€testimony€was€adequately€corroborated.Ìâ âÐ Ì5Ä.4 Ðà ¸ àOur€standard€of€review€when€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€is€questionedÏâ âon€appeal€is€ð ðwhether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€theÏprosecution,€òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€theÐ   ˜ Ðcrime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.Ð l d Ð2781,€2789€(1979).€€This€means€that€we€do€not€reweigh€the€evidence€but€presume€thatÏthe€jury€has€resolved€all€conflicts€in€the€testimony€and€drawn€all€reasonable€inferencesÏfrom€the€evidence€in€favor€of€the€state.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Sheffieldóó,€676€S.W.2d€542,€547Ð ÐÈ  Ð(Tenn.€1984);€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€Ð œ”  ÐÌà ¸ àIn€Tennessee,€a€conviction€may€not€be€based€upon€the€uncorroboratedÏtestimony€of€an€accomplice.€€òòState€v.€Bigbeeóó,€885€S.W.2d€797,€803€(Tenn.€1994).€€AnÐ ø Ðaccomplice€is€an€individual€who€knowingly,€voluntarily€and€with€common€intentÏparticipates€with€the€principal€offender€in€the€commission€of€an€offense.€€òòState€v.Ð ˜ ÐLawsonóó,€794€S.W.2d€363,€369€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€ð ðMere€presence€at€the€sceneÐ d\ Ðof€a€crime€does€not€make€one€an€accomplice,€nor€does€the€mere€fact€that€one€wasÏindicted€for€the€same€offense€as€the€accused.ðð€€òòLetner€v.€Stateóó,€512€S.W.2d€643,€647Ð ü!ô Ð(1974).€€When€the€facts€are€undisputed€regarding€a€witnessððs€participation€in€the€crime,Ïwhether€he€is€an€accomplice€is€a€question€of€law€for€the€trial€court.€€òòState€v.€Perkinsonóó,Ð ”%Œ" Ð867€S.W.2d€1,€7€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).€€However,€when€the€facts€are€disputed€orÏsusceptible€to€different€inferences,€it€is€a€question€for€the€jury.€€òòConner€v.€Stateóó,€531Ð ,)$"& ÐS.W.2d€119,€123€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1975).€€The€jury€determines€whether€anÏaccompliceððs€testimony€has€been€sufficiently€corroborated.€€òòPennington€v.€Stateóó,€478Ð Ä,¼%* ÐS.W.2d€892,€898€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1971)€(citation€omitted).€€The€general€rule€is€that:ÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 ¸ àthere€must€be€some€fact€testified€to,€entirelyÏindependent€of€the€accompliceððs€testimony,€which,Ïtaken€by€itself,€leads€to€the€inference,€not€only€that€aÏcrime€has€been€committed,€but€also€that€the€defendantÏis€implicated€in€it;€and€this€independent€corroborativeÏtestimony€must€also€include€some€fact€establishing€theÏdefendantððs€identity.€€This€corroborative€evidence€mayÏbe€direct€or€entirely€circumstantial,€and€it€need€not€beÏadequate,€in€and€of€itself,€to€support€a€conviction;€it€isÏsufficient€to€meet€the€requirements€of€the€rule€if€it€fairlyÐ r8j17 Ðand€legitimately€tends€to€connect€the€defendant€with€theÏcommission€of€the€crime€charged.€€It€is€not€necessaryÏthat€the€corroboration€extend€to€every€part€of€theÏaccompliceððs€evidence.€€The€corroboration€need€not€beÏconclusive,€but€it€is€sufficient€if€this€evidence,€of€itself,Ïtends€to€connect€the€defendant€with€the€commission€ofÏthe€offense,€although€the€evidence€be€slight€andÏentitled,€when€standing€alone,€to€but€little€consideration.Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌòòÓÓÓ  ÓHawkins€v.€Stateóó,€469€S.W.2d€515,€520€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1971)€(citations€omitted).Ð   ÐÌà ¸ àIn€the€present€case,€Ms.€Boyer€was€indicted€along€with€the€defendant€forÏfirst€degree€murder.€€The€trial€court€submitted€to€the€jury€the€issue€of€whether€Ms.€BoyerÏwas€an€accomplice€and€instructed€the€jury€on€the€need€for€corroborating€evidence€if€itÏfound€Ms.€Boyer€to€be€an€accomplice.€€With€respect€to€the€stateððs€argument€that€theÏjuryððs€acquittal€necessitates€a€conclusion€that€it€found€her€not€to€be€an€accomplice,€ourÏsupreme€court€has€concluded€that€a€codefendantððs€acquittal€does€not€affect€his€or€herÏstatus€as€an€accomplice€witness.€€òòSeeóó€òòRipley€v.€Stateóó,€189€Tenn.€681,€688,€227€S.W.2dÐ ~v Ð26,€29€(1950).€€Thus,€the€jury€could€still€find€Ms.€Boyer€to€be€an€accomplice€despite€herÏacquittal.ÌÌà ¸ àHowever,€we€believe€that€ample€evidence€exists€from€which€a€jury€couldÏconclude€that€Ms.€Boyer€was€not€an€accomplice.€€The€jury€could€have€chosen€toÏaccredit€Ms.€Boyerððs€testimony,€thus€negating€a€finding€that€she€knowingly,€voluntarilyÏand€with€common€intent€united€with€the€defendant€to€commit€the€offense.€€In€any€event,Ïwe€also€believe€that€if€the€jury€did€find€Ms.€Boyer€to€be€an€accomplice,€the€evidenceÏsufficiently€corroborates€her€testimony.€€The€medical€examiner€testified€that€the€victimððsÏinjuries€did€not€come€from€a€highchair€fall€but€rather€from€a€strong€impact€to€the€victimððsÏhead€with€a€blunt€object.€€It€is€significant€that€when€Ms.€Boyer€finally€told€DetectiveÏSmith€about€the€defendant€slamming€the€victim€into€the€wall,€it€was€before€the€autopsyÏresults,€which€supported€Ms.€Boyerððs€statement,€were€available.€€Furthermore,€theÏmedical€examinerððs€testimony€regarding€the€timing€of€the€victimððs€injuries€is€consistentÏwith€Ms.€Boyerððs€testimony,€as€is€the€testimony€of€Sharon€Sutton.€€The€doctor€whoÐ r8j17 Ðtreated€the€victim€when€he€arrived€at€UT€Hospital€testified€that€the€victimððs€injuries€wereÏconsistent€with€a€strong,€young€adult€male€throwing€the€victim€into€a€wall.€€SheriffÏMcClellan€testified€that€the€defendant€told€him€he€aggravated€his€finger€by€swatting€theÏvictim€on€the€bottom€that€night.€€Finally,€the€defendant€testified€that€he€was€the€soleÏdisciplinarian€of€the€victim€and€that€he€had€never€seen€Ms.€Boyer€discipline€the€victim.€ÏWe€hold€that€this€evidence€sufficiently€corroborates€the€testimony€of€Ms.€Boyer.€ÌÌÓ  Óò òII.€€JUROR€BIASÐ œ”  Ðó óÓ  Óà ¸ àThe€defendant€contends€that€he€was€denied€a€fair€trial€when€a€juror€failedÐ tl Ðto€reveal€a€past€relationship€between€the€juror€and€a€prosecutor€during€voir€dire.€€TheÏstate€responds€that€the€defendant€failed€to€prove€that€the€juror€was€impartial€or€biasedÏagainst€him.€€We€conclude€that€the€juror€had€an€obligation€to€reveal€his€relationship€withÏthe€prosecuting€attorney,€and€the€failure€to€do€so€results€in€a€presumption€of€bias.€ÏHowever,€we€believe€that€the€presumption€of€bias€was€sufficiently€rebutted.€ÌÌà ¸ àThe€juror€at€issue€is€Barry€Myers.€€During€voir€dire,€the€trial€court€askedÏthe€prospective€jurors,€ð ðDo€any€of€you€at€this€time€have€or€have€you€at€any€time€in€theÏpast€had€any€relationship€with€any€of€these€parties€or€attorneys€which€might€in€any€wayÏaffect€your€impartiality€as€jurors?ðð€€One€prospective€juror€told€the€court€that€he€was€theÏneighbor€of€one€of€the€defense€attorneys€and€that€he€did€not€feel€he€could€ignore€theÏrelationship€and€decide€the€case€on€the€evidence.€€The€prospective€juror€was€dismissedÏby€the€trial€court.€€Another€member€of€the€venire€volunteered€that€he€was€friends€withÏSheriff€McClellan,€a€stateððs€witness,€and€that€he€thought€it€was€possible€that€theÏrelationship€might€interfere€with€his€impartiality.€€The€prospective€juror€was€also€excusedÏby€the€trial€court.€€Another€prospective€juror€stated€that€he€was€a€former€client€of€one€ofÏthe€defense€attorneys€but€that€he€believed€he€could€fairly€decide€the€case,€and€heÏremained€on€the€panel.ÌÐ ˜706 Ðà ¸ àThe€transcript€of€the€voir€dire€reflects€that€the€state€and€the€defenseÏattorneys€conducted€individual€questioning€of€each€potential€juror.€€Of€the€seven€venireÏmembers€who€were€questioned€before€Mr.€Myers,€the€state€specifically€asked€five€ofÏthem€if€they€knew€Assistant€District€Attorney€General€Shayne€Sexton€or€any€otherÏmember€of€the€district€attorneyððs€office.€€Mr.€Myers€was€not€asked€by€either€the€state€orÏthe€defense€if€he€knew€any€members€of€the€district€attorneyððs€office,€but€the€state€didÏask€him€if€he€knew€of€anything€the€trial€court€should€know€that€had€not€been€asked,€andÏhe€replied€that€he€did€not.€€Of€the€remaining€venire€members,€some€were€askedÏspecifically€if€they€knew€members€of€the€district€attorneyððs€office€and€some€were€not.ÌÌà ¸ àAt€the€hearing€on€the€defendantððs€motion€for€a€new€trial,€Mr.€MyersÏtestified€that€he€went€to€high€school€with€Assistant€District€Attorney€General€ShayneÏSexton.€€He€said€that€he€and€another€person€were€roommates€with€General€Sexton€forÏnine€months€during€the€1982„83€school€year€at€The€University€of€Tennessee.€€He€saidÏthat€after€college,€he€saw€General€Sexton€possibly€once€a€year€or€every€two€years.€€HeÏsaid€he€considered€General€Sexton€to€be€a€friend,€but€he€did€not€have€regular€contactÏwith€him.€€He€said€he€remembered€being€asked€if€any€venire€members€had€a€pastÏrelationship€with€the€attorneys€that€would€affect€their€impartiality,€and€he€admitted€thatÏhe€made€no€response.€€He€said€he€remembered€that€one€venire€member€stated€that€heÏwas€the€neighbor€of€an€attorney,€and€that€person€was€excused.ÌÌà ¸ àOn€cross„examination,€Mr.€Myers€testified€that€the€questions€were€askedÏin€the€context€of€whether€the€relationship€would€affect€the€jurorsðð€impartiality.€€He€saidÏhe€did€not€intend€to€conceal€the€relationship,€rather€he€did€not€feel€that€it€would€affectÏhis€decision.€€He€testified€that€he€served€as€a€juror€on€a€case€two€weeks€before€theÏpresent€case€in€which€General€Sexton€was€the€lead€prosecutor.€€He€said€the€trialÏresulted€in€a€hung€jury,€and€he€voted€to€acquit€the€defendant.€€He€said€he€based€hisÏdecision€in€the€present€case€on€the€law€and€evidence€presented,€and€he€said€he€votedÐ Œ7„06 Ðto€find€Ms.€Boyer€not€guilty.€€He€said€he€was€never€asked€if€he€knew€General€Sexton,Ïand€although€he€considered€General€Sexton€to€be€a€friend,€he€did€not€have€muchÏcontact€with€him.ÌÌà ¸ àAssistant€District€Attorney€General€Shayne€Sexton€testified€that€he€hadÏpassing€contact€with€Mr.€Myers€since€college,€and€he€considered€him€to€be€a€friend.€€HeÏsaid€he€did€not€remember€telling€District€Attorney€General€Phillips€or€Assistant€DistrictÏAttorney€General€Ripley€about€his€relationship€with€Mr.€Myers,€although€he€said€heÏmight€have€told€them€that€Mr.€Myers€would€make€a€good€juror.€€He€acknowledged€thatÏhe€did€not€disclose€the€relationship€to€the€defense€attorneys€or€to€the€trial€court.€€HeÏsaid€he€did€not€think€that€his€association€with€any€juror€would€affect€that€jurorððs€fairness.€€ÏÌà ¸ àChallenges€to€juror€qualifications€generally€fall€into€two€categories€„„Ïpropter€defectum€or€propter€affectum.€€òòPartin€v.€Hendersonóó,€686€S.W.2d€587,€589Ð d\ Ð(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1984).€€General€disqualifications€such€as€alienage,€family€relationshipÏor€statutory€mandate€are€classified€as€propter€defectum€and€must€be€challenged€beforeÏthe€return€of€a€jury€verdict.€€òòState€v.€Akinsóó,€867€S.W.2d€350,€355€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð È#À  Ð1993).€€An€objection€based€upon€bias,€prejudice€or€partiality€is€classified€as€propterÏaffectum€and€may€be€made€after€the€jury€verdict€is€returned.€€òòState€v.€Furloughóó,€797Ð `'X $ ÐS.W.2d€631,€652€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€The€burden€of€proof€with€respect€to€jurorÏbias€or€partiality€rests€with€the€party€alleging€the€bias.€€òòDurham€v.€Stateóó,€182€Tenn.€577,Ð ø*ð#( Ð584,€188€S.W.2d€555,€559€(Tenn.€1945).€€ÌÌà ¸ àIn€òòAkinsóó,€this€court€addressed€the€issue€of€a€jurorððs€failure€to€discloseÐ \0T). Ðinformation€reflecting€potential€bias€or€partiality€and€stated€as€follows:ÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 ¸ àWe€hold€that€when€a€jurorððs€response€to€relevant,€directÏvoir€dire€questioning,€whether€put€to€that€juror€inÏparticular€or€to€the€venire€in€general,€does€not€fully€andÏfairly€inform€counsel€of€the€matters€which€reflect€on€aÏpotential€jurorððs€possible€bias,€a€presumption€of€biasÏarises.€€While€that€presumption€may€be€rebutted€by€anÐ r8j17 Ðabsence€of€actual€prejudice,€the€court€must€view€theÏtotality€of€the€circumstances,€and€not€merely€the€jurorððsÏself„serving€claim€of€lack€of€partiality,€to€determineÏwhether€the€presumption€is€overcome.Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌÓÓÓ  Ó867€S.W.2d€at€357.€€The€court€also€stated€that€the€ð ðintegrity€of€the€voir€dire€processÏdepends€upon€the€venireððs€free€and€full€response€to€questions€posed€by€counsel.€ÏWhen€jurors€fail€to€disclose€relevant€.€.€.€information,€counsel€are€hampered€in€the€juryÏselection€process,ðð€and€the€defendantððs€right€to€a€fair€trial€and€an€impartial€jury€areÏaffected.€€òòId.óó€€In€this€vein,€we€believe€that€Mr.€Myers€had€an€obligation€to€reveal€hisÐ ¶®  Ðrelationship€with€General€Sexton.€€Although€Mr.€Myers€was€never€specifically€asked€ifÏhe€knew€General€Sexton,€the€questions€posed€by€the€trial€court€to€the€venire€as€a€wholeÏand€to€other€prospective€jurors€individually€would€lead€a€reasonable€person€to€concludeÏthat€the€relationship€was€relevant.€€ÌÌà ¸ àBecause€Mr.€Myers€failed€to€reveal€the€relationship,€òòAkinsóó€instructs€that€aÐ ~v Ðpresumption€of€bias€arises.€€However,€we€do€not€believe€that€the€failure€to€disclose€theÏrelationship€warrants€reversal€in€this€case€because€the€presumption€of€bias€has€beenÏsufficiently€rebutted.€€The€trial€court€concluded€that€the€relationship€between€Mr.€MyersÏand€General€Sexton€had€been€casual€at€best€since€college€and€that€there€was€noÏshowing€that€the€relationship€affected€the€outcome€of€the€proceedings.€€This€court€isÏrequired€to€accredit€the€findings€of€fact€made€by€the€trial€œcourt,ñžñ€ñžñññ€the€weight€of€a€juryÏverdict,€ññand›€we€cannot€reverseÏthe€holding€unless€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€trial€courtððs€conclusions.€ÏòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Tateóó,€615€S.W.2d€161,€162€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1981).€€In€light€of€the€natureÐ Þ+Ö$) Ðof€the€relationship€shown€by€the€evidence€and€Mr.€Myersðð€testimony,€we€conclude€that€itÏdoes€not.ÌÌÓ  Óò òIII.€€IMPEACHMENT€BY€PRIOR€BAD€ACTSÐ 3,1 ÐÓ  Óó óà ¸ àThe€defendant€contends€that€he€was€denied€a€fair€trial€when€Ms.€BoyerððsÐ æ4Þ-3 Ðattorney€questioned€him€on€cross„examination€regarding€his€previous€conviction€andÏcharges€for€passing€worthless€checks.€€He€claims€that€the€evidence€is€highly€prejudicialÐ ~8v17 Ðand€that€his€conviction€should€be€reversed.€€The€state€responds€that€questionsÏregarding€the€defendantððs€conviction€for€passing€worthless€checks€were€appropriateÏunder€Rule€609,€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€and€that€the€defendant€opened€the€door€on€directÏexamination€to€questions€about€the€charges€that€did€not€result€in€convictions.€€We€holdÏthat€the€questions€were€proper.ÌÌà ¸ àThe€record€reflects€that€on€direct€examination,€the€defendant€testified€thatÏhe€was€charged€with€passing€worthless€checks€in€1994.€€He€testified€that€he€pled€guiltyÏto€some€of€the€charges,€that€the€others€were€paid€and€that€he€received€probation.€€OnÏcross„examination,€Ms.€Boyerððs€attorney€questioned€the€defendant€more€specifically€onÏthe€charges.€€He€elicited€from€the€defendant€that€he€had€five€charges€in€CampbellÏCounty€that€were€paid,€one€1994€conviction€in€Anderson€County,€and€one€1995€chargeÏin€Knox€County.€€The€defendant€further€admitted€that€passing€a€worthless€check€is€aÏform€of€lying.ÌÌà ¸ àPursuant€to€the€conditions€and€procedures€set€forth€in€Rule€609,€Tenn.€R.ÏEvid.,€the€credibility€of€the€accused€may€be€attacked€by€presenting€evidence€of€priorÏconvictions.€€The€convictions€must€be€punishable€by€death€or€imprisonment€over€oneÏyear€or€must€involve€a€crime€of€dishonesty€or€false€statement.€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€609(a)(2).€ÏWith€respect€to€the€cross„examination€regarding€the€defendantððs€conviction,€theÏquestioning€was€proper€under€Rule€609.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Bivensóó,€967€S.W.2d€821,€825Ð ø*ð#( Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996)€(concluding€that€passing€a€worthless€check€is€dishonestÏconduct€and€is€an€appropriate€subject€for€cross„examination).€€With€respect€to€theÏdefendantððs€complaint€about€the€cross„examination€regarding€his€worthless€checkÏcharges,€we€believe€that€the€defendant€opened€the€door€to€this€questioning€by€testifyingÏgenerally€about€the€charges€on€direct€examination.€€Ms.€Boyerððs€attorney€was€allowed€toÏâ âclarify€the€exact€nature€of€the€charges€and€their€resolution.€€Having€raised€the€issue€onÐ À5¸.4 Ðdirect€examination,€the€defendant€cannot€now€complain€that€the€evidence€was€tooÏprejudicial.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ìâ âÌÓ  Óò òÓÓIV.€€INTRODUCTION€OF€DIAGRAM€AND€Ð l d ÐÓÓREFERENCE€TO€COLOR€PHOTOGRAPHÌÓ  Óó óà ¸ àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€allowing€into€evidenceÐ 0(  Ða€diagram€of€the€victimððs€body€and€by€allowing€the€medical€examiner€to€refer€to€colorÏphotographs€that€were€not€admitted.€€He€contends€that€the€diagram€and€the€medicalÏexaminerððs€references€to€the€color€photographs€were€unduly€prejudicial.€€The€stateÏcontends€that€the€issues€are€waived€because€the€defendant€failed€to€object€at€trial€andÏfailed€to€raise€the€issues€in€his€motion€for€a€new€trial.ÌÌà ¸ àThe€transcript€of€evidence€reveals€that€before€trial,€the€defendant€made€aÏmotion€to€exclude€autopsy€photographs€of€the€victim.€€The€state€sought€to€introduce€twoÏcolor€photographs€and€one€black€and€white€autopsy€photograph€depicting€the€victimððsÏinjuries.€€In€his€argument,€the€defendantððs€attorney€stated€that€the€photographs€wereÏunnecessary€because€the€medical€examiner€was€going€to€use€a€diagram€to€explain€theÏextent€of€the€victimððs€injuries.€€The€trial€court€concluded€that€one€photograph€wasÏadmissible€and€allowed€the€defense€attorneys€to€select€the€least€objectionableÏphotograph.€€The€attorneys€chose€the€black€and€white€photograph.€€ÌÌà ¸ àDuring€the€medical€examinerððs€testimony,€he€used€a€diagram€consisting€ofÏan€outline€of€a€childððs€body.€€The€medical€examiner€had€drawn€the€location€of€theÏvictimððs€bruises€on€the€diagram€and€had€used€purple€and€yellow€pencils€to€depict€theÏage€of€the€bruises.€€Twice€during€his€testimony,€the€medical€examiner€referred€to€theÏinadmissible€color€photographs.€€Once,€he€explained€that€he€had€colored€the€bruises€onÏthe€diagram€as€closely€as€possible€to€the€color€depicted€in€the€photographs.€€He€alsoÏâ âstated,€in€explaining€an€injury€on€the€victimððs€right€shoulder,€that€the€injury€could€beÐ ¸6°/5 Ðseen€better€in€the€color€photographs.€€No€objection€was€made€to€the€admissibility€of€theÏdiagram€or€to€the€references€to€the€color€photographs.Ìâ âÌà ¸ àThe€defendant€has€waived€these€issues€by€failing€to€object€timely.€€òòSeeóóÐ l d ÐT.R.A.P.€36(a).€€Furthermore,€the€defendantððs€failure€to€include€these€issues€in€theÏmotion€for€a€new€trial€bars€our€review.€€òòSeeóó€T.R.A.P.€3(e).€€In€any€event,€we€note€that€inÐ ü  Ðhis€pretrial€motion€to€exclude€the€photographs,€the€defendantððs€attorney€acknowledgedÏthat€the€probative€value€of€the€diagram€was€not€outweighed€by€any€prejudice.€€òòSeeóóÐ œ”  ÐTenn.€R.€Evid.€403.€€Furthermore,€although€the€defendant€characterizes€the€medicalÏexaminerððs€references€to€the€color€photographs€as€repeated,€there€were€just€twoÏinnocuous€references€that€can€only€be€described€as€harmless.€€€€ÌÌÓ  Óò òV.€€BIBLICAL€REFERENCESÐ ˜ ÐÓ  Óó óà ¸ àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€stateððs€biblical€references€during€closingÐ ph Ðargument€were€improper€and€violated€his€right€to€a€fair€trial€as€guaranteed€by€both€theÏUnited€States€and€Tennessee€Constitutions€such€that€a€new€trial€is€warranted.€€TheÏstate€contends€that€the€defendantððs€failure€to€object€to€the€argument€or€to€raise€theÏissue€in€his€motion€for€a€new€trial€waives€the€issue.€€The€state€further€argues€that€theÏdefendant€has€failed€to€establish€that€the€prosecutorððs€comments€had€an€effect€on€theÏverdict.€€ÌÌà ¸ àThe€relevant€portion€of€the€stateððs€closing€argument€is€as€follows:ÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 ¸ àThere€was€a€man€long€ago,€a€teacher.€€He€was€walkingÏalong€a€dusty€road€and€others€were€following€him.€€HisÏcloser€followers€called€him€rabbi.€€Teacher.€€And€besideÏhis€close€followers,€there€was€a€big€crowd€that€followedÏhim€nearly€everywhere€he€went.€€And€as€the€man,€theÏleader,€the€teacher,€went€along,€he€heard€his€closeÏfollowers€arguing€amongst€themselves.€€And€he€turnedÏaround€and€he€said€„€why€are€yððall€arguing?€€And€theyÏwere€sheepish.€€Because€they€didnððt€want€to€tell€theÏrabbi€why€they€were€arguing.€€But€he€pressed€them.€€HeÏsaid€„€tell€me,€why€are€you€arguing.€€And€they€said„€well,Ïrabbi,€we€just€were€wondering€in€the€kingdom€that€youÐ ~8v17 Ðare€going€to€set€up,€which€one€of€us€will€be€the€greatest„Ïwho€will€be€number€one,€and€who€will€be€number€two,Ïwho€will€be€on€your€right€hand€and€who€will€be€on€yourÏleft€hand?€€And€the€teacher,€he€kind€of€took€a€test,€heÏsaid„€whoever€„€whoever€would€be€great,€he€must€beÏlast€and€the€least,€and€whoever„€whoever€would€beÏgreat€among€you,€must€be€the€servant€of€all.€€And€thenÏhe€turned€around€and€in€the€crowd€that€was€gatheredÏaround€him€which€is€always€„€almost€always€there,€heÏfound€a€little€child,€a€boy.€He€took€the€little€boy€and€heÏsat€the€little€boy€in€the€midst€of€his€close€followers€andÏhe€said€„€whoever€receives€a€little€one€like€this,€receivesÏme.€€Whoever€receives€a€little€one€like€this€receives€me.€ÏBut€you€know,€he€didnððt€leave€it€there.€€He€didnððt€leaveÏit€there.€€He€went€on€to€say€sternly€„€but€anyone,€anyoneÏwho€causes€one€of€these€little€ones€to€stumble,€it€wouldÏbe€better€for€him€if€a€millstone€was€put€around€his€neckÏand€he€was€drowned€in€the€sea.€€The€good€rabbi€saidÏthat.Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8 ¸ àMembers€of€the€jury,€we€simply€ask€for€justice.€€LetÏjustice€come€down€like€the€mighty€waters.Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌÓÓÓ  ÓThe€record€reflects€that€there€was€no€objection€made€by€the€defendantððs€attorney.ò òÐ ²ª ÐÌó óà ¸ àThe€state€initially€contends€that€the€defendant€waived€the€issue€by€failingÐ VN Ðto€object€during€trial€and€by€failing€to€raise€it€in€his€motion€for€a€new€trial.€€òòSeeóó€T.R.A.P.Ð "! Ð36(a);€3(e).€€However,€an€error€that€affects€a€substantial€right€of€a€defendant€may€beÏraised€at€any€time€when€necessary€to€do€substantial€justice.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.Ð º$²! Ð52(b);€T.R.A.P.€13(b);€òòState€v.€Adkissonóó,€899€S.W.2d€626,€636„38€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð †&~# Ð1994).ò ò€€ó óAccordingly,€our€review€will€be€limited€toœ€whether€plain€error€exists.ò òÐ R(J!% ЛÌà ¸ àó óOur€supreme€court€has€recognized€that€closing€argument€is€a€valuableÐ ,ú$) Ðprivilege€for€both€the€state€and€the€defense€and€that€counsel€is€afforded€wide€latitude€inÏpresenting€final€argument€to€the€jury.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Cribbsóó,€967€S.W.2d€773,€783€(Tenn.Ð š/’(- Ð1998);€òòState€v.€Coneóó,€665€S.W.2d€87,€94€(Tenn.€1984).€€However,€the€argument€mustÐ f1^*/ Ðbe€temperate,€predicated€on€evidence€introduced€at€trial€and€relevant€to€the€issues€ofÏthe€case.€€òòState€v.€Keenóó,€926€S.W.2d€727,€736€(Tenn.€1994).€€When€a€prosecutorððsÐ þ4ö-3 Ðargument€goes€beyond€the€latitude€afforded,€the€test€for€determining€if€reversal€is€œÌÐ –8Ž17 ЇÌrequired›€is€whether€the€impropriety€ð ðaffected€the€verdict€to€the€prejudice€of€theÏdefendant.ðð€€òòHarrington€v.€Stateóó,€385€S.W.2d€758,€759€(1965).€€Ð   ˜ ÐÌà ¸ àIn€the€present€case,€the€impropriety€of€the€prosecutorððs€argument€isÏobvious.€€òòSeeóó€òòCribbsóó,€967€S.W.2d€at€783„84€(ð ðIt€is€well„established€in€Tennessee€lawÐ ü  Ðthat€references€to€biblical€passages€or€religious€law€during€the€course€of€a€criminal€trialÏare€inappropriateðð);€òòKirkendoll€v.€Stateóó,€198€Tenn.€497,€281€S.W.2d€243,€254€(Tenn.Ð œ”  Ð1955).€€The€prosecutorððs€omission€of€specific€references€to€the€Bible€or€to€Jesus€in€noÏway€disguises€the€biblical€heritage€of€the€story.€€We€also€believe€that€the€argument€hadÏthe€potential€to€œbe›€inflammatory.€€ÌÌà ¸ àThis€type€of€argument€has€œbeen›€admonished€by€both€this€court€and€ourÏsupreme€court,€yet€the€arguments€continue€to€be€œmade.€›€œHowever,›€the€facts€of€this€caseÏconstrain€us€to€conclude€that€œthe›€argument€did€not€affect€the€verdict€to€the€prejudice€ofÏthe€defendant.€€The€circumstantial€evidence€of€the€defendantððs€guilt€was€strong.€€TheÏtestimony€from€Ms.€Boyer,€Sharon€Sutton,€the€medical€examiner,€the€victimððs€treatingÏdoctors,€and€the€paramedics€support€the€verdict,€as€does€the€defendantððs€ownÏtestimony.€€Although€the€argument€œwas›€improper,€and€œwe›€admonish€the€prosecutor€toÏrefrain€from€making€such€arguments€in€the€future,€we€conclude€that€the€argument€didÏnot€affect€the€verdict.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Cauthernóó,€967€S.W.2d€726,€737€(Tenn.€1998)Ð ø*ð#( Ð(holding€that€the€prosecutorððs€repeated€references€to€the€defendant€as€ð ðthe€evil€one,ððÏthough€improper,€did€not€affect€the€verdict€to€the€prejudice€of€the€defendant).Ì̜Р (2 +0 Лà ¸ àIn€consideration€of€the€foregoing€and€the€record€as€a€whole,€we€affirm€theÏjudgment€of€conviction.ÌÌÓÓà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à________________________________Ìà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àJoseph€M.€Tipton,€JudgeÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ_________________________ÌGary€R.€Wade,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÌÌ_________________________ÌDavid€H.€Welles,€Judge€à h à€ò òà À àÐ æÞ ÐÌó óà ¸ àò ò€€ó ó€€