ÿWPCÐ •gÉû«56÷µ!Ã=7#M¦Ä ð[g 8 X=s´Úä“@ sQ.WÆz!å©Ïî1+`M?ØIeêò® ˆæw:d]¿VèOÀ¬9æ_÷P%Ôý5]÷ïMt§ã¬=3ÌÚFœ¾L½©8yîð0ØŠFÐpÿ“Ÿ¥,Â+Á¥›ÒÊÈ„¸ƒê„#NŠp”¿­:×øs›Â ŒI®0}“á@çy$-\ðUºiyªhEw((¹Á²Ù^Î…±}$ Šö úÈM4d¦ÞS>2ȇ¾á¸~tû»3¦u²t¥¬—¡{2ƒÏÇŒ_ÐBß°°û5tG¥pþŒäˆ0z‚_ÍÎ}ånQy½ÀLÓ>êWC—7úƒ‘êDb †ßV›ùr¿L;~¸0CH 5·F†<°‚mÌÙE\™íX\ « UÅh 9£§K"a᎟{Ažäy@úŽ#±[H„ Š€†-R3ÞÙÎîÈuÆÁ½f¯ìØõVŸMÝcÎuÿ–î§ ›Ò´• Çð÷Bí  :-Sû{Ö,bDÜë­ÿŠV4œ ® ¨üˆj ÍDذS˜ƒxÌqq|–¯>}#D€žˆ}m4%žKøèþ­ bÔU0…# F UNQ %Ÿ 0(¥ U:Í L w@S 4“ § q¶ 'U:·ñU:ù 3U:SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS B D3ªªª 0DÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝ 0Æ! 0Dçççççççççççççççççççççççççççççççççç AO+Æzz 0D@ D/„ B³˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLÐ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡, øð AZ"Arial RegularC:\OFFICE\WPWIN\TEMPLATE\STANDARD.WPT Ž [ [ ‘ E’ “ U– t— U˜ Ó€ƒƒ '3|x£  gÝ ƒ\ $ÝÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XìXXXÔÔ€ô¬˜ôXXìÔà Œ àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝIn€compliance€with€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€30(b)(2)€and€(d)(2),€the€parties€have€styled€theirÐ `  Ðpleadings€before€this€court€ð ðState€of€Tennessee€v.€Douglas€Boruff.ðð€€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€30€provides€thatÏpapers€addressed€to€this€court€should€contain€a€caption€setting€forth€the€title€of€the€case€as€itÏappeared€in€the€trial€court.€€In€this€case,€the€trial€court€included€its€order€of€contempt€in€its€orderÏgranting€Mr.€Pattyððs€motion€for€a€continuance€on€behalf€of€his€client,€Douglas€Boruff.€€NotwithstandingÏthe€title€of€the€case€in€the€trial€court€and€because€Mr.€Patty,€rather€than€Mr.€Boruff,€is€the€appellant€inÏthese€proceedings,€we€have€styled€this€opinion€ð ðState€v.€Hubert€D.€Patty.ðð †Ý ƒ\áè$ÝÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XL XXXÔÔ€ôúŒôXXL Ôà Œ àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝWe€reject€the€Stateððs€argument€in€its€brief€that€the€contemptuous€conduct€occurred€when€theÐ `  Ðappellant€announced€to€the€court€on€November€12,€1998,€that€he€was€not€prepared€to€proceed€withÏMr.€Boruffððs€trial., øð AZ‹"Arial Regular, øð AZ‹"Arial Regular Ô€XìXXXÔÔ€î‘ÓîXXìÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€/é îî‘ÓÔÐ  ÐÌò òAugust€19,€1999Ð ¶¶ ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ô¬˜ô /éÔAppellate€CourtÐ –– ÐClerkó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular d$$$$'ÿÿdxd(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(v(2 $¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XìXXXÔÔ€ô¬˜ôXXìÔà Œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýñ˜ ñ›ñ˜ ñÑ` °ÑÑܰÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€Xü`XXXÔÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑò òòòÑ7€¬ìXXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  Ññ˜ ñßr€*<,(j 8 `€€@Ehf  tt0" ` ¨Ørß›ñ˜ ñà@Q Q ÚàIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ `  ÐÌà@üü*ÚàAT€KNOXVILLEˆÌóóÌà@ØØ'ÚàAPRIL€1999€SESSIONó óˆÐ  À ÐÌÌÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEà ” àà ì àà D à*ó óà œ àC.C.A.€#03C01„9812„CC„00430Ð à€ Ðò òÌà Œ àAppellee,à < àà ” àà ì àà D à*à œ àó óBlount€Countyò òÐ À`  Ðà Œ àà ä àÌvs.à Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D à*ó óà œ àò òÐ  @  ÐÌHUBERT€D.€PATTY,à ” àà ì àà D à*à œ àó óHon.€D.€Kelly€Thomas,€Jr.,€Judgeò òÐ €  ÐÌó óà Œ àò òAppellant.à < àà ” àó óà ì àà D à*à œ à(Order€of€Contempt)Ð ` Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àÌò òà Œ àó óà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D à*Ð @à Ðà Œ àÌÌÌÌòòFor€Appellantóó:à < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àòòFor€Appelleeóó:Ð ð ÐÌHubert€D.€Pattyà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àPaul€G.€SummersÐ Ð p ÐP.O.€Box€5449à < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÐ À!` ÐMaryville,€TN€37804„2401à ” àà ì àà D àà œ à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÐ °"P Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àNashville,€TN€€37243ÌÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àMichael€J.€Fahey€IIÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àNashville,€TN€€37243ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ ð-$' ÐÌÌÌREVERSED€AND€REMANDEDÌÌÌÌNORMA€MCGEE€OGLE,€JUDGEÐ  p5,/S ÐÓÓà@33-Úàò òOPINIONó óˆÐ `  ÐÌà Œ àà ä àAttorney,€Hubert€D.€Patty,׃ ×Ý ƒ]#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€appeals€as€of€right€the€judgment€of€theÐ  À ÐBlount€County€Criminal€Court€summarily€holding€him€in€criminal€contempt€andÏimposing€a€fine€of€fifty€dollars€($50.00).€€The€trial€court€also€taxed€the€appellant€withÏcourt€costs€stemming€from€his€conduct,€amounting€to€nine€hundred€and€twenty„fiveÏdollars€and€twenty„two€cents€($925.22).€€The€appellant€presents€the€following€issuesÏfor€our€review:ÌÓÓà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à1.à8<ä Ð ä Ð àWhether€the€evidence€is€sufficient€toÐ ` Ðsupport€the€trial€courtððs€judgment.Ð <x<x Ðà Œ àà ä à2.à8 < àWhether€the€trial€court€denied€the€appellant€due€processÐ @à Ðof€law.Ð <(#<(# Ðà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à3.à8<ä Ð ä Ð àWhether€Judge€D.€Kelly€Thomas,€Jr.,Ð  À Ðshould€have€recused€himself€from€theÏcontempt€proceedings.Ð <x<x ÐÌÓÓFollowing€a€thorough€review€of€the€record€and€the€partiesðð€briefs,€we€reverse€theÏjudgment€of€the€trial€court€and€remand€this€case€for€proceedings€consistent€with€thisÏopinion.ÌÌà@'Úàò òòòFactual€Backgroundó óóóˆÐ `'  Ðà Œ àà ä àOn€June€1,€1998,€a€Blount€County€Grand€Jury€indicted€Douglas€BoruffÏfor€the€offense€of€rape€of€a€child.€€The€trial€judge,€D.€Kelly€Thomas,€Jr.,€appointedÏthe€District€Public€Defender,€Mack€Garner,€to€represent€Mr.€Boruff.€€On€July€21,Ï1998,€Judge€Thomas€entered€an€order€scheduling,€among€other€items,€a€discoveryÏdeadline€of€September€14,€1998,€and€a€trial€date€of€November€12,€1998.€Ð À0`'* ÐÐ  2@), Ðà Œ àà ä àOn€October€26,€1998,€the€appellant€appeared€before€Judge€ThomasÏon€behalf€of€Mr.€Boruff.€€According€to€the€appellant,€Mr.€Boruff€had€asked€that€theÏappellant€replace€Mr.€Garner€as€his€attorney€in€the€pending€rape€of€a€child€case.€ÏThe€appellant€asked€the€trial€court€to€authorize€a€substitution€of€counsel.€€He€furtherÏindicated€that€he€would€not€be€ready€for€trial€on€November€12,€1998,€and€requestedÏa€continuance€of€the€trial€date.€€Judge€Thomas€denied€the€motion€to€continue€theÏtrial€date€and€further€stated€to€the€appellant:ÌÓÓà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#àThe€case€is€set€for€trial€on€the€12th.€€Heððs€got€anÏappointed€attorney.€€And€if€someone€else€wants€to€be€hisÏattorney€on€the€12th,€that€is€between€him€„€„€Mr.€BoruffÏand€the€attorney.€€And€if€the€case,€for€some€reason,Ïdoesnððt€go€to€trial€on€the€12th,€then€the€attorney€canÏchange€then,€too.€€But€itððs€too€late€to€come€in,€in€a€rape€ofÏa€child€case,€two€weeks€before€trial€and€say,€Iððve€hired€aÏlawyer€and€have€the€case€knocked€off€the€docket.Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌÓnÓAn€entry€in€the€record€on€the€same€day,€signed€by€the€trial€court€and€entitledÏð ðArraignment,ðð€provided:ÌÓÓà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#àThis€matter€came€on€the€Courtððs€docket€this€date,Ïrepresented€by€Hubert€Patty.€€It€appearing€that€theÏdefendant€has€retained€Hubert€Patty€to€represent€him€inÏthis€matter,€the€District€Public€Defenderððs€office€is€allowedÏto€withdraw.€€Upon€oral€Motion€for€Continuance€filed€byÏdefendantððs€counsel€and€after€hearing€argument€fromÏcounsel€for€both€parties,€the€Court€is€of€the€opinion€thatÏthis€motion€is€not€well€taken€and€is€overruled.€€ThisÏmatter€shall€remain€set€for€trial€on€11/12/98.Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌÓÓÌà Œ àà ä àSubsequently,€the€appellant€signed€an€agreed€order,€entered€by€theÏcourt€on€October€29,€1998,€which€authorized€substitution€of€counsel.€€The€orderÏprovided:ÌÓÓà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#àUpon€motion€of€the€Defendant,€Douglas€Boruff,€for€anÏOrder€allowing€the€substitution€of€his€attorney€of€record€inÏthe€above„noted€cause,€and€it€appearing€that€respondentÏhas€hired€Hubert€Patty,€who€agrees€to€represent€theÏDefendant€in€the€above€styled€case€at€trial€on€NovemberÏ12,€1998,€and€that€respondentððs€original€counsel,€MackÐ @8à.2 ÐGarner,€should€be€allowed€to€withdraw.Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#àIT€IS€ORDERED€by€the€Court€that€Mack€Garner€beÏallowed€to€withdraw€as€the€attorney€of€record€forÏDefendant,€Douglas€Boruff,€and€that€Hubert€Patty€isÏsubstituted€as€attorney€of€record€for€Defendant,€DouglasÏBoruff€.€.€.€.€€It€is€further€ordered€that€this€case€shallÏremain€on€the€trial€docket€to€be€heard€on€November€12,Ï1998.Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌÓ ÓÌà Œ àà ä àOn€November€6,€1998,€the€appellant€again€filed€a€motion€to€continueÏthe€trial€date€in€Mr.€Boruffððs€case€and€attached€an€affidavit€to€the€motion.€€In€hisÏaffidavit,€the€appellant€attested€that€he€had€contacted€the€appellantððs€prior€attorneyÏimmediately€following€the€entry€of€the€October€29,€1998€order€authorizingÏsubstitution€of€counsel.€€However,€Mr.€Garner€was€able€to€provide€very€littleÏinformation€about€Mr.€Boruffððs€case,€as€the€State€had€not€yet€responded€to€Mr.ÏGarnerððs€discovery€requests.€€On€November€2,€1998,€the€assistant€district€attorneyÏgeneral€provided€the€appellant€with€information€which€suggested€that€a€Dr.€CecilÏHoward€possessed€exculpatory€evidence€in€Mr.€Boruffððs€case.€€The€appellantÏcontacted€Dr.€Howardððs€office,€but€was€informed€that€Dr.€Howard€could€not€meetÏwith€the€appellant€until€November€12,€1998,€the€scheduled€trial€date.ÌÌà Œ àà ä àOn€November€12,€1998,€the€appellant€renewed€orally€his€motion€for€aÏcontinuance.€€However,€upon€questioning€by€the€trial€court,€the€appellant€admittedÏthat,€contrary€to€his€affidavit,€he€had€reviewed€Mr.€Garnerððs€file€on€October€26,€1998.€ÏAccordingly,€he€was€aware€of€the€prior€lack€of€preparation€and€lack€of€discovery€inÏMr.€Boruffððs€case€before€signing€the€October€29,€1998€agreed€order.€€He€was€alsoÏaware€at€that€time€that€he€would€be€unable€to€adequately€prepare€for€trial€by€theÏagreed€date.€€ÌÐ @8à.2 Ðà Œ àà ä àIn€defense,€the€appellant€asserted€to€the€trial€court€that,€when€heÏsigned€the€October€29,€1998€order,€he€did€not€realize€that€he€was€agreeing€to€theÏNovember€12,€1998€trial€date.€€He€believed€that€the€order€ÌÓÓà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#àwas€a€step€necessary€to€switch€counsel,€I€just€assumed.Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà@õõ-Úà*€*€*€€ˆÌÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#àI€think€I€never€indicated€to€the€Court€that€I€could€be€readyÏexcept€what€might€be€reflected€in€these€orders.Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà@--.Úà*€*€*ˆÌÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#àIððm€„€„€again,€I€say€I€didnððt€draft€this€order€and€I€justÏsigned€it€as€a€matter€of€course€to€get€it€up€there.€€But€IÏrepresented€to€the€Court€from€the€very€beginning,€IÏthought€it€„€„€I€couldnððt€be€ready€by€the€12th.Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌÓ $ÓÌà Œ àà ä àThe€trial€court€continued€Mr.€Boruffððs€case€until€December€16,€1998,Ïbut€also€held€the€appellant€in€criminal€contempt€of€court.€€The€trial€court€concluded:ÌÓÓà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à[T]he€Court€finds€that€from€what€youððve€told€me€hereÏtoday€that€you€knew€on€the€26th€of€October,€by€havingÏtalked€with€Mack€Garner€and€seeing€the€file,€that€notÏenough€work€had€been€done€for€you€to€possibly€be€ableÏto€try€this€case€on€November€12th.€€The€Court€furtherÏfinds€„€„€and€on€that€same€day,€I€had€already€denied€aÏcontinuance€for€a€general€reason€of€not€being€able€toÏprepare€and€for€that€reason€didnððt€allow€you€to€take€theÏcase€as€counsel€for€Mr.€Boruff.Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#àThe€Court€further€finds€that€you€signed€this€order€on€theÏ29th€day€of€October€of€ðð98,€which€is€in€the€court€file,Ïsaying€that€you€agreed€to€represent€the€Defendant€in€theÏabove„styled€case€at€trial€on€November€12th€of€ðð98€andÏyou€knew€at€that€time€when€you€signed€that€order€andÏyou€had€known€for€at€least€three€or€four€days€that€youÏcould€not€be€ready€for€trial€„€„€or€signed€an€order€statingÏthat€you€would€be€anyway,€in€order€to€get€in€the€case€asÏMr.€Boruffððs€lawyer.€€Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#àAnd€then€on€the€6th€of€November,€filed€a€motion€for€aÏcontinuance€because€you€hadnððt€had€time€to€fullyÏprepare.€€Having€time€to€fully€prepare€is€not€the€point.€ÏThe€point€is€that€when€you€told€me€you€couldnððt€be€ready,ÏI€felt€like€that€was€a€reasonable€statement€and€I€said€itððsÐ @8à.2 Ðtoo€late€to€be€substituting€counsel,€heððs€going€to€have€toÏgo€to€trial€with€his€own€counsel€on€the€trial€date€and€youÏcannot€be€his€lawyer.€€Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#àAnd€in€order€to€be€his€lawyer,€you€signed€an€orderÏagreeing€to€something€that€you€knew€when€you€signed€itÏthat€you€could€not€perform.€€And€that€is€plain€and€simpleÏcontempt€of€court€for€subverting€and€disrupting€theÏCourtððs€docket€and€the€Courtððs€order.€€And€I€am€findingÏyou€in€contempt.Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌà@--.Úà*€*€*ˆÌÌà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à.€.€.€But€I€would€never€have€signed€the€order€allowing€Mr.ÏPatty€in€this€case€had€there€not€been€a€clear€statement€inÏthat€order€that€he€agreed€to€be€here€ready€for€trial€today€.Ï.€.€.€€But€instead€Mr.€Patty€signed€that€order€andÏdefrauded€me€when€he€knew€full€well€that€he€couldnððt€beÏready.Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌÓK'ÓThe€court€also€reported€the€appellantððs€conduct€to€the€Board€of€ProfessionalÏResponsibility.ÌÌà@==,Úàòòò òAnalysisó óóóˆÐ À!` Ðà Œ àà ä àThe€purpose€of€criminal€contempt€proceedings€is€to€vindicate€a€courtððsÏauthority€and€to€maintain€the€integrity€of€court€orders.€€òòWilson€v.€Wilsonóó,€984€S.W.2dÐ €%  Ð898,€904€(Tenn.€1998);€òòRobinson€v.€Air€Draulics€Engineering€Company,€Inc.óó,€377Ð `'  ÐS.W.2d€908,€912€(Tenn.€1964).€€That€having€been€said,€a€trial€court€ð ðmust€abideÏstrictly€by€the€ððabsolute€provisions€of€the€lawðððð€in€exercising€its€power€to€imposeÏcontempt€sanctions.€€òòSandersóó,€No.€01A01„9601„GS„00021,€1997€WL€15228,€at€*3.Ð - #& ÐÌà Œ àà ä àThus,€the€trial€court€may€only€ð ðissue€attachments,€and€inflictÏpunishments€for€contempt€of€courtðð€on€the€basis€of€conduct€described€in€Tenn.ÏCode.€Ann.€ðð€29„9„102€(1980).€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòBlack€v.€Blountóó,€938€S.W.2d€394,€397„398Ð €4 +. Ð(Tenn.€1996);€òòState€v.€Turneróó,€914€S.W.2d€951,€955€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€Tenn.Ð `6-0 ÐCode.€Ann.€ðð€29„9„102€sets€forth€the€following€grounds€for€contempt€proceedings:Ð @8à.2 ÐÓÓà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(1)à8<ä Ð ä Ð àThe€willful€misbehavior€of€any€person€in€theÐ `  Ðpresence€of€the€court,€or€so€near€thereto€asÏto€obstruct€the€administration€of€justice.Ð <x<x Ðà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(2)à8<ä Ð ä Ð àThe€willful€misbehavior€of€any€of€the€officersÐ 0 Ð Ðof€said€courts,€in€their€official€transactions.Ð <x<x Ðà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(3)à8<ä Ð ä Ð àThe€willful€disobedience€or€resistance€ofÐ ° Ðany€officer€of€the€said€courts,€party,€juror,Ïwitness,€or€any€other€person,€to€any€lawfulÏwrit,€process,€order,€rule,€decree,€orÏcommand€of€said€courts.Ð <x<x Ðà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(4)à8<ä Ð ä Ð àAbuse€of,€or€unlawful€interference€with,€theÐ À`  Ðprocess€or€proceedings€of€the€court.Ð <x<x Ðà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(5)à8<ä Ð ä Ð àWillfully€conversing€with€jurors€.€.€.€.Р@ <x<x Ðà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à(6)à8<ä Ð ä Ð àAny€other€act€or€omission€declared€aÐ 0  Ðcontempt€by€law.Ð <x<x ÐÌÓU5ÓOur€supreme€court€has€further€observed€that€the€power€to€punish€for€contemptÏð ðshould€be€exercised€only€when€necessary€to€prevent€actual,€direct€obstruction€of,€orÏinterference€with,€the€administration€of€justice.ðð€€òòRobinsonóó,€377€S.W.2d€at€912.€Ð  À ÐÓÓà8 Œ àà8ä Œ (#Œ (#à[C]riminal€contempt€that€obstructs€the€administration€ofÏjustice€has€generally€been€defined€as€any€willfulÏmisconduct€which€embarrasses,€hinders,€or€obstructs€aÏcourt€in€its€administration€of€justice€or€derogates€theÏcourtððs€authority€or€dignity,€thereby€bringing€theÏadministration€of€law€into€disrepute.€€Ð ä Ð ä Ð  ÐÌÓ%;ÓòòBlackóó,€938€S.W.2d€at€399.Ð $0 ÐÌà Œ àà ä àIn€this€case,€the€trial€court€held€the€appellant€in€contempt€forÏð ðsubverting€and€disrupting€the€Courtððs€docket€and€the€Courtððs€order.ðð€€Specifically,Ïaccording€to€the€trial€courtððs€findings€at€the€conclusion€of€the€November€12,€1998Ïhearing,€the€contemptuous€conduct€occurred€when€the€appellant€signed€the€OctoberÏ29,€1998€agreed€order,€knowing€that€the€scheduled€trial€date€was€a€condition€of€hisÏrepresentation€and€knowing€that€he€would€not€be€prepared€for€trial€on€the€scheduledÏdate.׃ ×Ý ƒ]#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Assuming€that€the€trial€courtððs€findings€of€fact€are€supported€by€sufficientÐ 30*- Ðevidence,€the€appellantððs€conduct€was€encompassed€by€Tenn.€Code.€Ann.€ðð€29„9„¼102€(2),€(3),€or€(4).ÌÌà Œ àà ä àIn€a€criminal€contempt€case,€the€guilt€of€the€accused€must€beÏestablished€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòBlackóó,€938€S.W.2d€at€398.€€On€appeal,€thisÐ à€ Ðcourt€applies€the€same€standard€of€review€to€criminal€contempt€cases€as€the€courtÏapplies€in€other€criminal€proceedings.€€òòId.óó€at€399;€òòState€v.€Creasyóó,€885€S.W.2d€829,Ð  @  Ð833€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€Thus,€Ô‡ XL XXXL Ôthe€appellant€must€establish€that€noÐ €  Ðð ðreasonable€trier€of€factðð€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€contemptÏbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.Ct.€2781,Ð @à Ð2789€(1979);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€This€court€will€not€reweigh€the€proof€onÏappeal.€Ô#†XL XX XL ÐA#Ô€òòBlackóó,€938€S.W.2d€at€398.Ð   ÐÌà Œ àà ä àApplying€this€standard,€we€must€conclude€that€the€trial€courtððsÏjudgment€was€supported€by€sufficient€evidence.€€However,€in€reviewing€the€record,Ïwe€note€that€the€appellantððs€conduct€did€not€occur€in€the€presence€of€the€trial€court.€ÏAs€noted€earlier,€the€trial€court€in€this€case€invoked€summary€contempt€proceedings.€ÏTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€42€(a)€provides€that€a€judge€may€summarily€punish€a€criminalÏcontempt€only€if€the€judge€certifies€that€he€saw€or€heard€the€conduct€constituting€theÏcontempt€and€that€it€was€committed€in€the€actual€presence€of€the€court.€€òòId.óó€at€(a);Ð - #& ÐòòBlackóó,€938€S.W.2d€at€398;€òòState€v.€Madduxóó,€571€S.W.2d€819,€821€(Tenn.€1978).€€InÐ à.€%( Ðcontrast,€courts€imposing€criminal€contempt€sanctions€for€acts€committed€outside€ofÏtheir€presence€must€comply€with€more€stringent€procedural€standards,€includingÏproviding€notice€to€an€accused€and€an€opportunity€to€present€a€defense.€€Tenn.€R.ÏCrim.€P.€42(b);€òòBlackóó,€938€S.W.2d€at€398;€òòMadduxóó,€571€S.W.2d€at€821.€€òòSee€alsoóóÐ `6-0 ÐòòTurneróó,€914€S.W.2d€at€955.Ð @8à.2 Їà Œ àà ä àEven€in€the€context€of€conduct€committed€in€its€presence,€a€trial€courtÏshould€utilize€summary€contempt€proceedings€ð ðsparingly,€.€.€.€in€cases€ofÏððexceptional€circumstancesðððð€when€there€is€a€need€to€act€swiftly€and€firmly€to€preventÏcontumacious€conduct€from€disrupting€a€judicial€proceeding.ðð€€òòTurneróó,€914€S.W.2d€atÐ   Ð957„959;€òòSandersóó,€No.€01A01„9601„GS„00021,€1997€WL€15228,€at€*3.€€In€short,Ð à€ Ðð ðthe€court[s]€have€evinced€a€preference€for€proceedings€that€involve€notice,€aÏhearing,€and€even,€a€different€judge.€€òòTurneróó,€914€S.W.2d€at€959.Ð  @  ÐÌà Œ àà ä àIn€light€of€these€principles€and€on€the€basis€of€the€record€before€thisÏcourt,€we€must€conclude€that€the€appellant€was€entitled€to€notice€and€a€hearing€priorÏto€the€imposition€of€contempt€sanctions€and€that€the€trial€court€abused€its€discretionÏby€summarily€holding€the€appellant€in€contempt.€œ€However,€while€the€trial€judge€wasÏunderstandably€upset€by€the€turn€of€events,€this›€record€does€not€establish€that€œhe›Ïwas€biased€in€any€way€against€the€appellant.€ñ– ñœñ– ñ€€Nevertheless,€we€would€suggest€thatÏthe€trial€judge€recuse€himself€upon€remand.€€œñ ñð ðñ ññ ñ›ñ ñRecusal€is€always›€œpreferred€unless€itÏwould›€œresult›€in€œprejudicñ ñ›ñ ññ ñiñ ññŒ ñalñŒ ñ›€or€injurious€œdelay.ñ’ ñðð€ñ’ ñ›€ñŽ ñòòñŽ ññ ñòòñ ñSeeñ ñóóñ ññŽ ñóóñŽ ñ€òòTurneróó,€914€S.W.€2d€at€œ961.ñ‘ ñ€ñ‘ ñ›Ð €%  ÐÌà@¹¹+Úàò òòòConclusionó óóóˆÐ @)à" Ðà Œ àà ä àWe€reverse€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€and€remand€this€case€forÏproceedings€consistent€with€this€opinion€and€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€42.Ìœñ“ ñÌñ“ ñ›ÌÓÓà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ  2@), Ðà Œ àà ä àà < àà ” àà ì àà D àà œ àNorma€McGee€Ogle,€JudgeÌÌœñ— ñÌñ— ñ›œñ— ñÌñ— ñ›œñ— ñÌñ— ñ›Ð @8à.2 Їòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ `  ÐJerry€L.€Smith,€JudgeÌÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ   ÐJoe€G.€Riley,€Judge