ÿWPCn! c­ÊdYÆspS§–ÌÖerÿ2:¡ÆÝ—ÀïHF¥¤D5¦ï¨” K-3“>`ɃÃÿƒh^N­¿á+ÌÔÍu N÷ñ¼~ÍÏy¸oc²×"ë;À×ùBÂΖݩ-3¤ÁT,]Do\q§‹gRùš€¬EK,ò>Vðç¥R›ØhCDäé)|ÿóqÓÏYvm¢Û'Æ8 gU´êƒò;ÑÏïvɯH»èdèàCCŒÒÝ_þAÌQ•gÞŽfs5ËLHÈY(uÅ…_“PùÍ5oÜCúÿïb¬KíÝô) BT³Öþh—=÷ÇŸÇ1¤aöËÕ¶ùwøå ÆD"{,ø@ž×XùOÍ)áçû©Ë~§½K&ëDê÷ÉìŒCE/[Pe®®¡!ìÄŽç¡ÐŒ¼oÕ6µm™¤Ì]zšÆú¯ß[L›ªÈÅ!jkè¶@jöjëüŠè-g ÚÁÊM æ”_ƒ.­ºsΜž Hõ[“àšOµ(fè]}¿¼Ë >Â?1ƒhCÌ"{nŒ¶¥Ôê%U&Ï#¨ñçê£ àÔÚ1'»Ç"D’„ÉS{²R5Bë>ãîŽrˆg·oo[UÓLúú/Î8á[(±Ç®ë1# ®UN¹ % 0( U:5bow@w4·Ë1Ú 0Ö  0 ¡áJ‚ U:Ì ‘  — Q¡ îòqà_QU:°VêU:@U:zU:´U:îU:(U:b}œU: BSU:pU:ªU:äkU:‰U:ÃU:ýú7U:1U:kU:¥ ßU:éU:#]U:ú U:4!˜HP LaserJet 4HPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡,“í|AZ‹"Arial Regular- ù- ’D“”D•–—™DšD›Dœè€A%3|x 'Ý ƒ +G$ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€X5fXXXÔÓ  ÓÔ€&½Ž&XX5fÔà ` àòò€€Ú  Ú5Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝÔ€&½Ž&&&½ŽÔ€€The€time€of€the€call€was€reported€by€the€victimððs€mother,€who€also€testified€at€trial.(‚,2+G$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€XùXXXÔÓ  ÓÔ€&Œ &XXùÔà ` àòò€€Ú  Ú0Ú  Úóó€€(`Q¾$Ô€XùXXXÔÔ€Š ßŠXXùÔÔ€Š ßŠŠŠ ßÔòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó @Ý ƒ +G$ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€X5fXXXÔÓ  ÓÔ€&½Ž&XX5fÔà ` àòò€€Ú  Ú2Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝÔ€&½Ž&&&½ŽÔ€€We€address€the€Defendantððs€arguments€in€a€different€order€than€that€presented€inÐ `  Ðhis€brief.,æ™) AZ"Arial Regular ‡Ý ƒ +G$ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€X5fXXXÔÓ  ÓÔ€&½Ž&XX5fÔà ` àòò€€Ú  Ú8Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝÔ€(&½Ž&&&½ŽÔ€€The€actual€fee€included€ð ðexpenses€up€to€twenty€thousand€dollars.ðð€€Thompson€laterÐ `  Ðstated€that€he€eventually€received€ð ðroughly€twelve€fifty€on€the€case.ðð€ Ý ƒ +G$ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€X5fXXXÔÓ  ÓÔ€&½Ž&XX5fÔà ` àòò€€Ú  Ú4Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝÔ€&½Ž&&&½ŽÔ€€At€trial,€the€Defendant€denied€hitting€the€victim. GÝ ƒ +G$ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€X5fXXXÔÓ  ÓÔ€&½Ž&XX5fÔà ` àòò€€Ú  Ú6Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝÔ€"&½Ž&&&½ŽÔ€€She€stated€that€the€woman€was€not€Annie€Cannon.€€However,€she€could€notÐ `  Ðotherwise€identify€the€woman. äÝ ƒ +G$ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€X5fXXXÔÓ  ÓÔ€&½Ž&XX5fÔà ` àòò€€Ú  Ú3Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝÔ€&½Ž&&&½ŽÔ€€The€facts€are€summarized€from€the€opinion€of€this€Court€on€direct€appeal.€€For€aÐ `  Ðmore€detailed€account€of€the€facts,€see€òòState€v.€James€R.€Boydóó,€No.€01C01„9109„CR„00281,Ð : Ú Ð1993€WL€488322€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€Nov.€24,€1993).€€ gÝ ƒ +G$ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€X5fXXXÔÓ  ÓÔ€&½Ž&XX5fÔà ` àòò€€Ú  Ú7Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝÔ€%&½Ž&&&½ŽÔ€€The€other€attorney€that€represented€the€Defendant€at€trial,€Carlton€Petway,€wasÐ `  Ðdeceased€at€the€time€of€the€post„conviction€hearing.€ UÝ ƒ +G$ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€X5fXXXÔÓ  ÓÔ€&½Ž&XX5fÔà ` àòò€€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝÔ€&½Ž&&&½ŽÔ€€òòState€v.€James€R.€Boydóó,€No.€01C01„9109„CR„00281,€1993€WL€488322€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð `  ÐApp.,€Nashville,€Nov.€24,€1993).,æ™) AZ"Arial Regular LÝ ƒ +G$ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€X5fXXXÔÓ  ÓÔ€&½Ž&XX5fÔà ` àòò€€Ú  Ú2Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝÔ€&½Ž&&&½ŽÔ€€We€address€the€Defendantððs€arguments€in€a€different€order€than€that€presented€inÐ `  Ðhis€à0 ` àbrief., øð AZ"Arial Regular,æ™) AZ"Arial Regular,æ™) AZ"Arial Regular, øð AZ"Arial Regular,æ™) AZ"Arial Regular, øð AZ"Arial Regular sÝ ƒ +G$ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€ X5fXXXÔÓ  ÓÔ€ &½Ž&XX5fÔà ` àòò€€Ú  Ú7Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝÔ€!&½Ž&&&½ŽÔ€€The€other€attorney€that€represented€the€Defendant€at€trial,€Carlton€Petway,€wasÐ `  Ðdeceased€à0 ¸ àat€the€time€of€the€post„conviction€hearing.€,æ™) AZ"Arial Regular d, øð AZ"Arial Regular,æ™) AZ"Arial Regular,æ™) AZ"Arial Regular aÝ ƒ +G$ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€$X5fXXXÔÓ  ÓÔ€$&½Ž&XX5fÔà ` àòò€€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝÔ€&&½Ž&&&½ŽÔ€€òòState€v.€James€R.€Boydóó,€No.€01C01„9109„CR„00281,€1993€WL€488322€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð `  Ðà0 ` àApp.,€Nashville,€Nov.€24,€1993)., øð AZ"Arial Regular,æ™) AZ"Arial Regular,æ™) AZ"Arial Regular ðÝ ƒ +G$ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€)X5fXXXÔÓ  ÓÔ€)&½Ž&XX5fÔà ` àòò€€Ú  Ú3Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝÔ€*&½Ž&&&½ŽÔ€€The€facts€are€summarized€from€the€opinion€of€this€Court€on€direct€appeal.€€For€aÐ `  Ðmore€à0 ` àdetailed€account€of€the€facts,€see€òòState€v.€James€R.€Boydóó,€No.€01C01„9109„CR„00281,Ð : Ú Ð1993€WL€488322€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€Nov.€24,€1993).€€,æ™) AZ"Arial Regular, øð AZ"Arial Regular,æ™) AZ"Arial Regular Ý ƒ +G$ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€,X5fXXXÔÓ  ÓÔ€,&½Ž&XX5fÔà ` àòò€€Ú  Ú4Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝÔ€-&½Ž&&&½ŽÔ€€At€trial,€the€Defendant€denied€hitting€the€victim., øð AZ"Arial Regular,æ™) AZ"Arial Regular “Ý ƒ +G$ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€/X5fXXXÔÓ  ÓÔ€/&½Ž&XX5fÔà ` àòò€€Ú  Ú8Ú  Úóó€€Ý  ÝÔ€0&½Ž&&&½ŽÔ€€The€actual€fee€included€ð ðexpenses€up€to€twenty€thousand€dollars.ðð€€Thompson€laterÐ `  Ðstated€à0 ¸ àthat€he€eventually€received€ð ðroughly€twelve€fifty€on€the€case.ðð€, øð AZ"Arial Regular,æ™) AZ"Arial RegularÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÑ` °ÑÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€Š#ŠXXÔÔ€Šc3ŠŠŠ#ÔÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ€ÑÑ7€\ÐXXdðdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ `  ÐÌAT€NASHVILLEÌÌJANUARY€SESSION,€1999ÌÌÌÓ  ÓJAMES€R.€BOYD,à h àà À à)à  àC.C.A.€NO.€01C01„9802„CR„00057Ð ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)ó óÐ ` Ðà ` àAppellant,à  àà h àà À àò ò)Ð `  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àDAVIDSON€COUNTYÐ `  ÐVS.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àÐ `  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àHON.€WALTER€C.€KURTZó óÐ `  Ðò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,ó óà À àò ò)à  àJUDGEó óÐ ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àò ò)ó óÐ ` Ðà ` àAppellee.à  àà h àà À àò ò)à  àó ó(Post„Conviction)ò òÐ ` Ðó óÌÌÓ  ÓON€APPEAL€FROM€THE€JUDGMENT€OF€THEÌCRIMINAL€COURT€OF€DAVIDSON€COUNTYÌÌÌòòÓ  ÓFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à h àà À àà  àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:Ð 0 Ð ÐÌROBERT€J.€MENDESà h àà À àà  àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÐ  "À ÐCummins€Station,€Suite€507à À àà  àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÐ #¸ Ð209€Tenth€Avenue€SouthÌNashville,€TN€37203à h àà À àà  àKAREN€M.€YACUZZOÐ %¨ Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌGLENN€DUKESà  àà h àà À àà  à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÐ ø&˜ Ð306€Gay€Street,€Suite€400à À àà  àNashville,€TN€37243Ð ð' ÐNashville,€TN€37201Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àVICTOR€S.€JOHNSONÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNICHOLAS€BAILEYÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àWashington€Square,€Suite€500Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à222€Second€Avenue€NorthÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€37201ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGEÐ  h8/0¼ ÐÓ  ÓÔ€°J)°ŠŠc3Ôò òòòÑ7€©ÃˆˆdXXdð7ÑOPINIONóóó óÔ€Šc3а°J)ÔÐ `  ÐÌÓÓÓ  ÓÓ  Óà ` àThis€is€an€appeal€as€of€right€pursuant€to€Rule€3€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€ofÏAppellate€Procedure.€€€The€Defendant,€James€R.€Boyd,€appeals€from€the€orderÏof€the€trial€court€denying€him€post„conviction€relief.€€We€affirm€the€denial€of€reliefÏby€the€trial€court.€ÌÌà ` àIn€February€of€1991,€the€Defendant€was€convicted€by€a€jury€of€first€degreeÏmurder€and€was€sentenced€to€life€in€prison.€€On€direct€appeal€to€this€Court€inÏ1993,€we€affirmed€the€trial€courtððs€decision,€and€the€Tennessee€Supreme€CourtÏdenied€permission€to€appeal€on€October€3,€1994.ñ‹ñ׃×ñ‹ññ‹ñ׃#×ñ‹ñÝ ƒ Q¾ÝÔ€Š0Ý ŠŠŠc3ÔÔ€Š0Ý Š ŠŠ0ÝÔÔ€Š0Ý Š ŠŠ0ÝÔòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€Defendant€subsequentlyÐ ®N Ðfiled€a€petition€for€post„conviction€relief,€which€was€denied€by€the€trial€court€inÏJanuary€of€1996.€€He€then€filed€a€notice€of€appeal€to€this€Court.€€By€order€datedÏJuly€3,€1997,€this€Court€remanded€the€matter€to€the€trial€court€ð ðfor€a€factual€findingÏregarding€[the€Defendantððs]€contention€that€his€trial€counsel€failed€to€communicateÏthe€stateððs€plea€offer.ðð€€On€remand,€the€trial€court€concluded€that€trial€counsel€hadÏcommunicated€the€Stateððs€plea€offer€to€the€Defendant.€€ÌÌà ` àThe€Defendant€contends€that€he€received€ineffective€assistance€of€counselÏat€trial.€€He€argues€that€his€counsel€was€ineffective€for€failing€to:€(1)€communicateÏa€plea€offer;€(2)€request€a€jury€instruction€on€self„defense;€(3)€call€ð ðcertain€materialÏwitnessesðð€to€testify;€and€(4)€inform€him€regarding€the€possible€penalties€for€firstÏdegree€murder.ñ‹ñ׃ D×ñ‹ññ‹ñ׃D×ñ‹ñÝ ƒ Q¾ÝÔ€Š0Ý Š ŠŠ0ÝÔÔ€Š0Ý Š ŠŠ0ÝÔÔ€Š0Ý Š ŠŠ0ÝÔòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð 4¶** Їà ` àFor€an€understanding€of€the€testimony€and€issues€raised€at€the€post„¼conviction€hearing,€we€find€it€necessary€to€briefly€summarize€the€eventsÏunderlying€the€Defendantððs€present€conviction.ñŽñ׃×ñŽññŽñ׃'×ñŽñÝ ƒ Q¾ÝÔ€Š0Ý Š ŠŠ0ÝÔÔ€Š0Ý Š ŠŠ0ÝÔÔ€Š0Ý Š ŠŠ0ÝÔòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Before€the€death€of€the€victim,Ð p  ÐRick€L.€Lemay,€the€Defendant€and€the€victim€maintained€a€somewhat€turbulentÏrelationship.€€They€met€through€a€mutual€friend,€and€shortly€thereafter,€the€victimÏbegan€to€make€frequent€trips€to€the€Defendantððs€apartment.€€The€two€developedÏa€friendship€and€often€drank€together.€€The€victim,€who€was€characterized€at€trialÏas€an€alcoholic,€often€became€excessively€intoxicated,€which€led€to€severalÏencounters€with€the€Defendant.Ì€€Ìà ` àOn€one€occasion€in€the€summer€of€1989,€the€victim€became€intoxicatedÏwhile€visiting€the€Defendant,€and€the€Defendant€decided€to€take€him€to€ñ‘ñtheÏvictimððs€ñ‘ñññhisÏññmotherððs€home,€where€ñ’ñheñ’ññ“ñthe€victimñ“ñ€was€then€living.€€Upon€arriving,€theÏDefendant€assisted€the€victim€into€his€bedroom€and€then€attempted€to€leave.€€TheÏvictim,€who€wanted€to€remain€with€the€Defendant,€resisted,€trying€to€follow€theÏDefendant€back€to€his€car.€€The€victimððs€mother€testified€that€she€watched€whileÏthe€Defendant€hit€her€son€on€the€shoulders€in€an€attempt€to€subdue€him.ñŽñ׃×ñŽññŽñ׃+×ñŽñÝ ƒ Q¾ÝÔ€Š0Ý Š ŠŠ0ÝÔÔ€Š0Ý Š ŠŠ0ÝÔÔ€Š0Ý Š ŠŠ0ÝÔòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€TheÐ à)€  Ðvictim€then€jumped€on€the€hood€of€the€Defendantððs€car€while€the€motor€wasÏrunning.€€The€Defendant€yanked€the€victim€off€the€car€and€shoved€him€into€aÏchaise€lounge€on€the€porch€before€rushing€back€to€his€vehicle€to€leave.Ìâ âÐ 2 (( Ðà ` àOn€another€occasion,€just€eleven€days€before€the€victimððs€death,€the€victimÏâ âstopped€by€the€Defendantððs€apartment€for€a€visit.€€While€the€two€men€drankÏtogether,€the€victim€expressed€a€desire€to€move€into€the€Defendantððs€apartment,Ïbut€the€Defendant€refused€the€request.€€This€apparently€angered€the€victim,€andÏa€struggle€ensued.€€According€to€the€Defendant,€the€victim€ð ðswungðð€at€him,€andÏhe€responded€by€twisting€the€victimððs€arm€behind€his€back€and€transporting€himÏto€the€door,€where€he€pushed€the€victim€out€of€the€apartment.€€The€victim€beganÏto€bang€on€the€door,€and€the€Defendant€called€the€police.€€While€the€DefendantÏwaited€for€the€police€to€arrive,€the€victim€crashed€through€his€front€window€andÏattacked€him,€attempting€to€choke€him.€€The€Defendant€was€able€to€subdue€theÏvictim€and€again€pushed€him€out€the€door.€€Again,€the€victim€attempted€to€comeÏinto€the€apartment€through€the€front€window,€and€the€Defendant€informed€him€thatÏif€he€did€so,€he€ð ðwould€have€to€hurt€him.ðð€€The€police€arrived€shortly€thereafter.ÌÌà ` àSergeant€Steve€Reed,€who€responded€to€the€call,€testified€that€when€heÏarrived€at€the€apartment,€there€were€indications€inside€that€a€struggle€had€takenÏplace.€€According€to€Reed,€the€Defendant€told€him€that€he€ð ðdidnððt€want€[the€victim]Ïin€his€apartment,€and€that€if€he€were€to€try€to€gain€entry€again€he€would€shootÏhim.ðð€€However,€the€Defendant€denied€making€any€such€statement.ÌÌà ` àThe€Defendant€agreed€to€prosecute€the€victim€for€his€actions€and€for€theÏdamage€done€to€his€apartment.€€The€victim€was€arrested€and€taken€to€jail€thatÏnight,€and€the€Defendant€obtained€a€warrant€against€the€victim€for€the€damageÏdone€to€the€apartment.€€A€court€date€was€set,€but€the€Defendant€failed€to€appear,Ïand€the€warrant€was€therefore€dismissed.Ð  :À00 Їà ` àThe€next€and€final€encounter€between€the€victim€and€the€DefendantÏoccurred€on€October€18,€1989,€the€date€of€the€victimððs€death.€€At€trial,€theÏDefendant€described€the€events€that€transpired€on€October€18€as€follows:€€ThatÏnight,€while€the€Defendant€was€alone€in€his€apartment,€the€victim€began€knockingÏon€the€Defendantððs€door€and€calling€his€name.€€The€Defendant€testified€that€heÏrecognized€the€victimððs€voice€and€did€not€respond.€€He€stated€that€there€wasÏð ðsome€guyðð€with€the€victim€whoñ”ñmñ”ñ€he€never€actually€saw.€€The€Defendant€testifiedÏthat€there€was€simultaneous€banging€on€his€front€door€and€on€the€back€bedroomÏwindow.€€ÌÌà ` àThe€Defendant€called€the€victimððs€mother€at€approximately€12:30€a.m.,׃ ×Ý ƒ Q¾ÝÔ€Š0Ý Š ŠŠ0ÝÔÔ€Š0Ý Š ŠŠ0ÝÔÔ€Š0Ý Š ŠŠ0ÝÔòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€toldÐ °P Ðher€that€the€victim€ð ðwas€no€longer€welcome€in€[his]€home€and€[he]€didnððt€want€himÏover€there€anymore,ðð€and€threatened€to€call€the€police.€€She€told€him€to€call€theÏpolice€if€he€found€it€necessary.€€The€victimððs€mother,€who€also€testified€at€trial,Ïclaimed€that€during€their€conversation,€the€Defendant€told€her,€ð ðIððm€drunk€as€heÏis€but€Iððm€not€acting€crazy€as€he€is.ððÌÌà ` àAccording€to€the€Defendant,€he€called€the€police,€and€during€theÏconversation,€he€heard€ð ða€crash€in€the€bedroom€window.ðð€€He€went€to€hisÏbedroom€to€retrieve€his€pistol€and€then€went€into€the€spare€bedroom€where€heÏhad€heard€the€crash.€€He€testified,€ð ðat€that€time,€I€saw€the€venetian€blinds€raiseÏup,€as€though€someone€were€coming€through€the€window.€€So€I€said,€ðð[I]f€youÏcome€through€the€window,€Iððm€going€to€shoot.ðððð€€At€that€point,€the€victimÐ 6°,, Ðapparently€retreated.€€The€Defendant€stated€that€he€next€heard€banging€on€theÏfront€door,€went€to€the€door,€ð ðshook€the€doorknob,ðð€and€said€ð ðIððve€got€a€gun€andÏIððm€coming€out.ðð€€He€stated€that€when€he€opened€the€door,€he€saw€a€car€driveÏaway€and€saw€the€victim.€€The€Defendant€testified,€ð ð[The€victim]€bent€down,€asÏthough€he€was€going€to€pick€up€a€weapon.€€And€when€he€raised€up,€I€shot€him.ðð€ÏHe€testified€that€he€feared€for€his€life€because€of€the€previous€incident€thatÏoccurred€shortly€before€the€night€of€the€crime.ÌÌà ` àUpon€arriving€at€the€apartment,€the€police€found€the€victim€lying€to€the€rightÏof€the€Defendantððs€front€door€and€the€Defendant€standing€in€the€doorway.€€TheÏDefendant€admitted€that€he€shot€the€victim.€€The€victim,€who€died€before€policeÏarrived,€sustained€several€bullet€woundsð"ðfive€entry€wounds€and€two€exitÏwounds.€€Three€of€the€wounds€were€in€his€back.€€No€weapons€were€found€in€theÏvicinity€of€the€body,€and€no€blood€was€found€on€the€inside€facing€of€the€door€toÏthe€apartment,€indicating€that€the€door€was€shut€when€the€victim€was€shot.€€AsideÏfrom€the€broken€bedroom€window,€there€were€no€signs€of€a€struggle€inside€theÏapartment.ÌÌà ` àAt€trial,€Annie€Cannon,€the€Defendantððs€upstairs€neighbor,€testified€that€sheÏwas€awakened€on€the€night€of€the€victimððs€death€to€the€sound€of€knocking€on€theÏDefendantððs€bedroom€window€and€that€she€heard€the€victim€saying,€ð ðJames,€letÏme€in;€James€I€love€you.ðð€€She€recalled€that€she€heard€the€sound€of€a€windowÏbreaking€and€then€heard€a€gunshot.Ìâ  €€€€€€€Ð 8¸.. Ðà ` àAt€the€post„conviction€hearing,€Annie€Cannon€testified€that€on€the€night€ofÏâ âthe€shooting,€she€saw€a€black€male€inside€a€car€outside€her€apartment€with€theÏvictim.€€On€direct€examination,€she€stated€that€although€she€was€never€contactedÏby€the€defense€at€the€time€of€trial,€she€would€have€been€available€to€testify.€ÏHowever,€on€cross„examination,€she€admitted€that€she€had€spoken€on€the€phoneÏprior€to€trial€with€one€of€the€defense€attorneys,€and€she€testified€that€she€indicatedÏto€the€attorney€that€she€didnððt€particularly€care€for€the€Defendant.€ÌÌà ` àCarl€Pulley,€a€prosecutor€in€this€case,€testified€that€plea€negotiations€wereÏð ðheightenedðð€in€this€case€and€that€the€State€made€a€number€of€offers€to€theÏDefendant€prior€to€trial.€€He€stated€that€the€Defendant€was€ð ðavailable€and€presentððÏduring€the€times€that€the€prosecutors€communicated€offers€to€the€DefendantððsÏattorney.€€Pulley€testified,€ð ðSo€he€was€fully€aware€of€what€the€offers€were.ðð€€HeÏtestified€that€on€the€night€prior€to€trial,€the€prosecutors€offered€the€Defendant€sixÏyears€in€return€for€a€plea€of€voluntary€manslaughter.€€He€testified€that€Mr.ÏThompson,€the€Defendantððs€attorney,€replied€that€he€ð ðcould€not€speak€on€behalfÏof€his€client€that€evening,ðð€and€therefore€waited€to€resolve€the€matter€untilÏmorning.€ÌÌà ` àGlenn€Dukes,€the€Defendantððs€attorney€for€the€post„conviction€proceedings,Ïtestified€that€he€contacted€Pulley€while€preparing€for€the€case.€€He€maintainedÏthat€Pulley€ð ðstate[d]€that€he€clearly€remembered€a€six„year€offer€in€return€for€aÏplea€of€voluntarily€[sic]€manslaughter€was€made€on€the€night€before€the€trial€andÏâ âat€Mr.€Thompsonððs€home.€€He€stated€that€Mr.€Thompson€rejected€the€offerÐ 8¸.. Ðsummarily€.€.€.€.€He€also€stated€that€[the€Defendant]€was€not€there€and€there€wasÏ[sic]€no€conversations€between€them.ððÌâ âÌà ` àCathleen€Bush,€the€Defendantððs€sister,€testified€that€she€went€to€theÏDefendantððs€apartment€on€October€18,€1989€after€the€shooting.€€She€stated€thatÏwhile€she€was€there,€ð ða€lady€upstairsðð׃×Ý ƒ Q¾ÝÔ€Š0Ý Š ŠŠ0ÝÔÔ€Š0Ý Š ŠŠ0ÝÔÔ€Š0Ý Š ŠŠ0ÝÔòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€approached€her€and€told€her€ð ðthat€the€otherÐ ˆ(  Ðguy€got€away.ðð€€She€also€testified€that€she€accompanied€her€brother€numerousÏtimes€to€meet€with€the€Defendantððs€attorneys€before€the€trial.€€She€stated€thatÏneither€she€nor€her€brother€was€ever€made€aware€of€the€six„year€offer€in€returnÏfor€a€plea€of€voluntary€manslaughter.à  àÐ ¨H ÐÌà ` àThe€Defendant€also€testified€at€the€post„conviction€hearing.€€He€stated€thatÏat€the€time€of€the€crime€he€was€employed€as€a€counselor€for€abused€and€runawayÏteenagers€at€the€Middle€Tennessee€Mental€Health€Institute.€€With€regard€to€theÏnight€of€the€murder,€the€Defendant€testified€that€the€victim€was€accompanied€byÏanother€man,€who€was€banging€on€his€front€door€while€the€victim€attempted€toÏenter€his€bedroom€window.€€He€claimed€that€there€were€ð ðfootprints€on€the€doorÏwhen€[it€was]€checked,ðð€which€he€maintained€verified€his€version€of€events.€€HeÏstated,€ð ðwhen€I€walked€out€on€the€front€porch€of€my€apartment€is€when€I€saw€theÏman€and€he€was€threatening€me.ððÌâ âÐ 2 (( Ðà ` àIn€addition,€the€Defendant€testified€that€Brett€Thompson,€his€trial€counsel,ñ—ñ׃×ñ—ññ—ñ׃×ñ—ñÝ ƒ Q¾ÝÔ€Š0Ý Š ŠŠ0ÝÔÔ€Š0Ý Š ŠŠ0ÝÔÔ€Š0Ý Š ŠŠ0ÝÔòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð `  Ðâ âdid€not€inform€him€that€he€could€receive€a€life€sentence€if€he€were€convicted.€€HeÏclaimed,€ð ðThere€was€no€indication€that€a€jury€would€convict€me,€that€I€would€beÏincarcerated€or€given€a€life€sentence€in€prison.€.€.€.€Nobody€told€me€that€I€wasÏfacing€a€life€sentence€for€self„defense.ðð€€He€ñ•ñclaimed€ñ•ñthat€Thompson€did€notÏexplain€the€plea€bargaining€process€to€him€and€ñ–ñclaimed€ñ–ñthat€šhe€was€never€informed€of€theÏsix„year€offer€for€a€plea€of€voluntary€manslaughterš.€€However,€despite€his€claimÏthat€he€did€not€understand€the€plea€bargaining€process,€he€admitted€that€he€hadÏpreviously€been€in€court€six€times€for€misdemeanor€charges.€ÌÌà ` àThe€Defendant€further€testified€that€Thompsonððs€attitude€changed€when€heÏbecame€unable€to€make€payments€for€his€legal€services.€€€The€Defendant€stated,Ïð ð[Thompson]€brought€me€to€court€in€front€of€[the€judge]€and€asked€to€be€removedÏfrom€the€case€because€I€wasnððt€being€cooperative.€€When€he€said€I€wasnððt€beingÏcooperative,€that€means€he€wasnððt€getting€the€money€that€he€asked€for.ðð€€InÏaddition,€he€stated€that€he€never€told€any€of€the€attorneys€involved€in€the€trial„Ïneither€the€prosecutors€nor€the€defense€attorneysð"ðthat€he€would€not€entertainÏplea„bargain€offers€or€that€he€only€wanted€a€trial.Ìà ` àÌà ` àIn€contrast€to€the€Defendantððs€testimony,€Thompson€testified€that€he€feltÏð ðabsolutelyðð€sure€that€the€Defendant€made€an€informed,€conscious€decision€to€goÏto€trial.€€He€stated€that€he€discussed€with€the€Defendant€the€indictment,€theÏdiscovery€process,€the€Defendantððs€taped€statement€to€police,€legal€strategyð"ðÐ 6°,, Ðincluding€how€recent€changes€in€the€law€could€affect€his€case,€the€range€ofÏpunishment€for€the€crime€with€which€the€Defendant€was€charged,€and€theÏpossible€consequences€of€going€to€trial.€€He€stated€that€Petway,€the€otherÏdefense€counsel,€ð ðmade€it€very€clearðð€to€the€Defendant€that€his€chances€ofÏwinning€on€a€theory€of€self„defense€were€ð ð50/50.ðð€€Thompson€also€testified€thatÏnegotiations€with€the€prosecutor€regarding€possible€pleas€ð ðwere€substantial.ðð€€HeÏmaintained€that€the€Defendant€seemed€to€understand€both€the€six„year€offer€andÏthe€possible€consequences€of€refusing€the€offer,€and€he€testified€that€he€told€theÏDefendant€that€the€six„year€offer€was€ð ða€good€offer.ðð€€In€addition,€he€testified€thatÏthe€Defendant€ð ðwas€presentðð€in€his€office€at€the€time€that€Pulley€communicatedÏthe€Stateððs€final€offer€of€six€years€and€that€the€Defendant€rejected€the€offer.€€ÌÌà ` àThompson€also€testified€that€he€filed€twelve€or€thirteen€motions€òòin€limineóó,Ð À!` Ðhired€a€detective€to€investigate€the€crime€scene,€and€indicated€that€although€heÏð ðpaid€out€over€ten€thousand€[dollars],ðð€he€ð ðnever€received€even€10€percent€ofðð€theÏfifteen€thousand€dollarsñœñ׃×ñœññœñ׃.×ñœñÝ ƒ Q¾ÝÔ€Š0Ý Š ŠŠ0ÝÔÔ€Š0Ý Š ŠŠ0ÝÔÔ€Š0Ý Š ŠŠ0ÝÔòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€that€the€Defendant€agreed€to€pay€for€his€representation.€Ð Ø'x ÐHe€reported€that€he€did€file€a€motion€to€withdraw€as€counsel,€ð ðnot€because€ofÏmoney,ðð€but€because€the€Defendant€ð ðwould€not€cooperate,€he€either€wasnððtÏpresent,€he€was€late€or€he€would€call€at€the€last€minute€and€say€that€he€wasnððtÏgoing€to€come.ðð€€ÌÌà ` àWith€regard€to€trial€strategy,€Thompson€testified€that€he€ñ™ñð ðñ™ñsawñšñððñšñ€Annie€CannonÏat€the€scene€of€the€crime,€that€the€investigator€whoñ›ñmñ›ñ€he€hired€interviewed€Ms.Ð 6°,, ÐCannon€and€reported€back€details€of€the€interview€to€him,€and€that€he€believedÏthat€Petway,€his€co„counsel,€had€also€interviewed€Cannon.€€He€reported€thatÏAnnie€Cannon€was€not€called€as€a€witness€because€ð ðshe€was€really€one€of€theÏmajor€hostile€witnesses.ðð€€Although€he€admitted€that€self„defense€was€a€ð ðcrucialÏelementðð€of€the€case,€he€stated€that€he€ð ðcould€not€recall€off€the€top€of€[his]€headððÏwhy€no€jury€instruction€on€self„defense€was€given.€€ÌÌà ` àFinally,€Thompson€admitted€that€he€was€no€longer€practicing€law€becauseÏhe€had€been€suspended€approximately€one€year€after€this€case€forÏmisappropriation€of€trust€funds.€€He€also€admitted€that€he€had€recently€beenÏcharged€with€misappropriation€in€a€case€which€was€still€pending€at€the€time€of€theÏpost„conviction€hearing.€€He€explained€that€it€was€simply€a€case€of€ð ðoversight€andÏneglectðð€and€that€the€checks€at€issue€in€the€case€had€been€signed€ð ðby€somebodyÏin€[his]€office.ðð€€Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà ` àIn€determining€whether€counsel€provided€effective€assistance€at€trial,€theÏcourt€must€decide€whether€counselððs€performance€was€within€the€range€ofÏcompetence€demanded€of€attorneys€in€criminal€cases.€€òòBaxter€v.€Roseóó,€523Ð è+ˆ"" ÐS.W.2d€930,€936€(Tenn.€1975).€€To€succeed€on€a€claim€that€his€counsel€wasÏineffective€at€trial,€the€Defendant€bears€the€burden€of€showing€that€his€counselÏmade€errors€so€serious€that€he€was€not€functioning€as€counsel€as€guaranteedÏunder€the€Sixth€Amendment€and€that€the€deficient€representation€prejudiced€theÏDefendant,€resulting€in€a€failure€to€produce€a€reliable€result.€€òòStrickland€v.Ð 6°,, ÐWashingtonóó,€466€U.S.€668,€687€(1984);€òòCooper€v.€Stateóó,€849€S.W.2d€744,€747Ð 8¸.. Ð(Tenn.€1993);€òòButler€v.€Stateóó,€789€S.W.2d€898,€899€(Tenn.€1990).€€To€satisfy€theÐ  :À00 Ðsecond€prong,€the€Defendant€must€show€a€reasonable€probability€that,€but€forÏcounselððs€unreasonable€error,€the€fact€finder€would€have€had€reasonable€doubtÏregarding€ñqñhis€ñqññpññoñDefendantððs€ñoññpññnñpetitionerððs€ñnñguilt.€€òòStricklandóó,€466€U.S.€at€695.€€This€reasonable€probability€mustÐ p  Ðbe€ð ðsufficient€to€undermine€confidence€in€the€outcome.ðð€€òòHarris€v.€Stateóó,€875Ð x ÐS.W.2d€662,€665€(Tenn.€1994)€(citing€ñrñòòñrñStricklandñrñóóñrñ,€466€U.S.€at€694).Ð €  ÐÌà ` àWhen€reviewing€trial€counselððs€actions,€this€Court€should€not€use€theÏbenefit€of€hindsight€to€second„guess€trial€strategy€and€criticize€counselððs€tactics.€ÏòòHellard€v.€Stateóó,€629€S.W.2d€4,€9€(Tenn.€1982).€€Counselððs€alleged€errors€shouldÐ  @ Ðbe€judged€at€the€time€they€were€made€in€light€of€all€facts€and€circumstances.€ÏòòStricklandóó,€466€U.S.€at€690;€òòseeóó€òòCooperóó€849€S.W.2d€at€746.Ð °P ÐÌÓ¦ ÓÓ  ÓI.€€COMMUNICATION€OF€THE€SETTLEMENT€OFFERÌÓV[ÓÓÓà ` àThe€Defendant€first€argues€that€his€counsel€was€ineffective€for€failing€toÏcommunicate€to€him€the€Stateððs€offer€of€six€years€for€a€plea€of€voluntaryÏmanslaughterñsñ,ñsñ€and€ñtñhe€ñtñthus€contends€that€the€trial€courtððs€ruling€on€the€matter€wasÏerroneous.€€He€argues€that€the€courtððs€ruling€is€ð ðagainst€the€weight€of€theÏevidence.ðð€Ìà ` àÌà ` àIf€afforded€a€post„conviction€evidentiary€hearing€by€the€trial€court,€aÏpetitioner€must€do€more€than€merely€present€evidence€tending€to€showÏincompetent€representation€and€prejudice;€the€petitioner€must€prove€factualÏallegations€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence.€€òòClenny€v.€Stateóó,€576€S.W.2d€12,Ð 6°,, Ð14€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1974)€(superseded€by€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€40„30„¼210(f)€(requiring€clear€and€convincing€evidence)).€€When€an€evidentiary€hearingÐ  :À00 Ðis€held,€findings€of€fact€made€by€that€court€are€conclusive€and€binding€on€thisÏCourt€unless€the€evidence€preponderates€against€them.€€òòCooper€v.€Stateóó,€849Ð h  ÐS.W.2d€744,€746€(Tenn.€1993)€(citing€òòButler€v.€Stateóó,€789€S.W.2d€898,€899€(Tenn.Ð p  Ð1990)).ÌÌà ` àOn€remand,€the€trial€court€determined€that€ÌÓÓà8 ` à[t]he€petitionerððs€testimony€is€not€credible€given€his€attendance€atÏseveral€settlement€dockets€in€which€his€lawyers€discussed€possibleÏplea€agreements€with€the€prosecutor;€his€attendance€at€a€meetingÏin€his€lawyers€[sic]€office€where€the€prosecutorððs€[sic]€were€presentÏand€the€testimony€of€his€trial€attorney.€€The€Court€credits€trialÏcounsel€that€the€plea€offer€was€conveyed€to€the€petitioner.ñuñÐ ` ü!` ü! ÐñuñÌÓ`ÓÌà ` àAfter€a€thorough€review€of€the€record,€we€conclude€that€the€evidence€doesÏnot€preponderate€against€the€trial€courtððs€finding€that€the€six„year€offer€wasÏconveyed€to€the€Defendant.€€At€the€post„conviction€proceeding,€Thompson,€theÏDefendantððs€trial€counsel,€refuted€the€Defendantððs€claim€that€he€was€not€informedÏof€the€six„year€offerñvñ,ñvññxññwñ:ñwññxññyñ;ñyñ€and€testimony€by€Pulley,€the€prosecutor€at€trial,€largelyÏsubstantiated€Thompsonððs€assertion.€€We€conclude€that€this€matter€is€simply€oneÏof€credibility,€which€was€properly€resolved€by€the€trial€court.€€This€issue€isÏtherefore€without€merit.ÌÌÓœ[ÓÓ  ÓII.€€JURY€INSTRUCTIONÌÓ eÓÓSÓà ` àThe€Defendant€next€argues€that€his€counsel€was€ineffective€for€failing€toÏrequest€a€separate€jury€instruction€on€self„defense.€€He€states,€ð ðThis€is€aÏparticularly€glaring€error€because€the€defense€relied€heavily,€if€not€entirely,€uponÏthe€theory€of€self„defense.ðð€€Ð 9¼// Їà ` àWe€note€that€the€following€jury€instruction€was€given€at€trial:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà ¸ àIncluded€in€the€Defendantððs€plea€of€not€guilty€is€his€plea€thatÏhe€was€acting€in€defense€of€his€home€or€habitation.€€When€anÏassault€or€attempted€forcible€entry€is€made€against€a€home€orÏhabitation,€under€said€circumstances€that€would€create€in€the€mindÏof€a€lawful€occupant€a€well„founded€and€reasonable€belief€that€he€isÏin€present€and€imminent€danger€of€death€or€great€bodily€harm€at€theÏhands€of€the€attacker,€or€that€the€attacker€intends€to€commit€a€felonyÏtherein,€then€a€lawful€occupant€of€a€dwelling€can€use€suchÏreasonable€force€as€is€necessary,€including€deadly€force,€to€preventÏthe€intrusion.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` àà ¸ àWords€alone,€no€matter€how€objectionable€or€assaulting,€willÏnot€justify€the€taking€of€a€human€life.€€A€person€is€under€no€duty€toÏretreat€in€his€own€home,€Even€[sic]€if€he€can€safely€do€so,€but€mayÏstand€his€ground€and€use€reasonable€force€to€prevent€or€stop€anÏinvasion€of€his€home€or€habitation.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` àà ¸ àIn€determining€whether€the€Defendantððs€use€of€force€inÏdefending€his€home€or€habitation€was€reasonable,€you€may€considerÏnot€only€his€actual€use€of€force,€but€also€all€the€facts€andÏcircumstances€leading€up€to€it.€€Additional€factors€to€consider€inÏdeciding€whether€the€use€of€force€was€reasonable€include€anyÏprevious€threats€of€the€deceased€made€known€to€the€Defendant;€theÏcharacter€of€the€deceased€for€violence€when€known€to€theÏDefendant;€the€animosity€of€the€deceased€for€the€Defendant,€asÏrevealed€to€the€Defendant€by€previous€acts€and€words€of€theÏdeceased;€and€the€manner€in€which€the€parties€were€armed,€andÏtheir€relative€strength€and€sizes.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` àà ¸ àIf,€from€all€the€facts€and€circumstances€in€the€case,€you€haveÏa€reasonable€doubt€whether€the€Defendant€acted€in€the€necessaryÏdefense€of€his€home€or€habitation,€then€you€must€find€the€DefendantÏnot€guilty.Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌÓÓñzñÌñzñà ` àWith€regard€to€this€instruction,€the€trial€judge€made€the€following€findingsÏat€the€post„conviction€proceeding:ÌÓÓà8 ` àFirst€of€all,€the€instructions,€there€may€be€some€minor€differenceÏbetween€the€instructions€on€defense€of€a€person€and€the€defense€ofÏthe€habitation.€€But€I€donððt€think€it€really€matters€in€this€case€becauseÏit€seems€to€me€that€the€legal€principles€protect€the€defendant€equallyÏas€well.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` àà ¸ à€And€then€if€you€look€at€Judge€Summerððs€ñ{ñ[sic]€ñ{ñanalysis€of€theÏfacts€in€this€case€.€.€.€on€direct€appeal,€I€donððt€think€that€you€canÏcome€to€any€other€conclusion.€€Even€if€there€is€some€distinction€itÏwouldnððt€matter.€€But€it€seemed€to€me€that€the€defense€of€aÏhabitation€was€beneficial€to€the€defense.€€He€relied€on€it€and€if€IÐ  :À00 Ðrecall,€the€main€argument€and€his€main€position€was€hey,€I€was€inÏmy€house;€this€guy€was€attacking€my€house.€€And€that€instructionÏwas€given€to€the€jury.€€And€if€they€believed€that€it€was€a€case€of€self„¼defense€I€think€they€would€have€found€in€the€defendantððs€favor;€theyÏdidnððt.Ð ` ü!` ü! ÐÌÓoÓñ|ñÌñ|ñà ` àWe€acknowledge,€as€the€State€points€out,€that€ð ðthe€petitionerððs€theory€ofÏself„defense€was€entertwined€ñ}ñ[sic]€ñ}ñwith€his€theory€of€defending€his€home.ðð€€WeÏalso€note€that€the€instruction€which€was€given€does€include€some€languageÏconcerning€the€defense€of€oneððs€person€and€thus€allowed€the€jury€to€consider€theÏDefendantððs€contention€that€both€he€and€his€property€were€threatened€by€theÏvictimððs€behavior.€€Under€the€circumstances€of€this€case,€the€instruction€givenÏwas€sufficient€to€allow€the€jury€to€fully€consider€the€Defendantððs€theory€of€defense,Ïif€ñ~ñtheyñ~ñññitññ€had€indeed€found€the€facts€to€be€favorable€to€the€Defendantððs€position.ÌÌà ` àHowever,€assuming€that€Defendantððs€trial€counsel€erred€ñ€ñinñ€ñññbyññ€not€requestingÏan€instruction€specifically€addressing€self„defense,€we€conclude€that€theÏDefendant€has€not€shown€any€prejudice€resulting€from€the€omission€of€such€anÏinstruction.€€Numerous€times€throughout€the€trial,€Defendantððs€counsel€clearlyÏadvanced€a€theory€of€self„defense€as€a€defense€for€the€Defendantððs€actions.€€AsÏthe€trial€court€concluded,€the€jury€apparently€rejected€the€theory.€€The€DefendantÏsimply€has€not€convinced€us€that€a€more€thorough€instruction€would€haveÏchanged€the€outcome€in€this€case€in€view€of€the€instruction€given€concerningÏdefense€of€house€or€habitation.ÌÌÓ