ÿWPC» hT¡‰¾|\¼ÇÉ‹.¡B%2"‡#÷•i…¢m‰UôÆ÷+{ƒT©«7B3S–® |XmUÙŒ8©[d¬Isü<ÿ„©/c~ù>v‹Ü™OݰìM¾¬`h¹~À©Üâxp%9üI™]p&%}Wίl­Î÷]1¿½ifÎW¤º[f¥¥vSû–”Ƈ-OtK9%ž_Íè»ä?5hø»›Š@­½•¬Æ·{øªAñû¯êÅJÿ|½Ä+BÞÒ ¦¯P–®ò¤÷…# F U:Q %‹ 0(‘ w@¹ 4ù   m î5 0³# 0DÖ î"SU:cSU:ð*U:HHHHHHHHHHH B‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚‚ D3ŸŸŸ 0DÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ AOÆee 0D+ D/o Bž˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLЄ†r‰AZ‹"Arial RegularX($¡¡ sUtVuUvUwexeyz{D|Ó€ýhµ&document܃3|x‡ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ äÝ ƒ ò$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÓ  ÓÔ€&«&XXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€male€victim,€at€some€point,€recognized€the€defendant,€Jerry€W.€Burton,€for€they€hadÐ ° Ðattended€elementary€school€together.€The€two€defendants€had€been€allowed€into€the€automobile€ofÏthe€male€victim€after€the€defendants€approached€and€asked€for€a€ride,€claiming€that€their€car€wasÏbroken€and€they€needed€a€ride€to€their€home.(c(2-]$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÓ  ÓÔ€&‹K&XXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó äÝ ƒ ò$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÓ  ÓÔ€&;&XXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€male€victim,€at€some€point,€recognized€the€defendant,€Jerry€W.€Burton,€for€they€hadÐ ° Ðattended€elementary€school€together.€The€two€defendants€had€been€allowed€into€the€automobile€ofÏthe€male€victim€after€the€defendants€approached€and€asked€for€a€ride,€claiming€that€their€car€wasÏbroken€and€they€needed€a€ride€to€their€home. IÝ ƒ ò$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÓ  ÓÔ€&«&XXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€Advisory€Commission€Comments€to€Rule€8€explain€the€reasons€for€theÐ ° Ðmandatory/permissive€provisions€of€the€rule.€It€is€designed,€according€to€the€Comments,€ð ðtoÏencourage€the€disposition€in€a€single€trial€of€multiple€offenses€arising€from€the€same€conduct€andÏfrom€the€same€criminal€episode,€and€should€therefore€promote€efficiency€and€economy.ðð€€It€is€furtherÏintended,€according€to€the€Comments,€that€the€rule€will€stop€the€practice€of€ð ðsaving€backðð€one€orÏmore€charges€which€are€part€of€the€same€episode€for€which€a€defendant€is€being€prosecuted.€€IfÏthere€is€a€ð ðsaving€backðð€of€a€charge€or€charges,€they€are€barred€from€being€prosecuted€after€the€firstÏtrial.„†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular IÝ ƒ ò$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÓ  ÓÔ€&;&XXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€Advisory€Commission€Comments€to€Rule€8€explain€the€reasons€for€theÐ ° Ðmandatory/permissive€provisions€of€the€rule.€It€is€designed,€according€to€the€Comments,€ð ðtoÏencourage€the€disposition€in€a€single€trial€of€multiple€offenses€arising€from€the€same€conduct€andÏfrom€the€same€criminal€episode,€and€should€therefore€promote€efficiency€and€economy.ðð€€It€is€furtherÏintended,€according€to€the€Comments,€that€the€rule€will€stop€the€practice€of€ð ðsaving€backðð€one€orÏmore€charges€which€are€part€of€the€same€episode€for€which€a€defendant€is€being€prosecuted.€€IfÏthere€is€a€ð ðsaving€backðð€of€a€charge€or€charges,€they€are€barred€from€being€prosecuted€after€the€firstÏtrial.„†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular Ô€XžXXXÔÔ€î%ÕîXXžÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€ûîî%ÕÔÐ  ÐÌò òJuly€23,€1999Ð ¶¶ ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ô3Ý ôûÔAppellate€CourtÐ –– ÐClerkó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular d'ÿÿdxd(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýñwñ›ñwññwñ›ñwñÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÓ  ÓÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑñ|ñœßr€*<,(j 8 `€€@Eh± tt0" °¨Órß›ñ|ñIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ ° ÐÌAT€KNOXVILLEÌÌMAY€1999€SESSIONÌÌÌÌÌÓMÓÓ  ÓÌÌJERRY€W.€BURTON,€€€à h àà À àà  à)Ð ’â  Ѐ€€€à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àC.C.A.€No.€03C01„9809„CR„00340Ð xÈ  Ðà ` àAppellant,à  àà h àà À àà  à)Ð ^®  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àJohnson€CountyÐ D”  Ðv.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ð *z  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àHonorable€Lynn€W.€Brown,€JudgeÐ ` ÐSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à h àà À àà  à)€Ð öF Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p à(Habeas€Corpus)Ð Ü, Ðà ` àAppellee.à  àà h àà À àà  à)Ð Â ÐÌÌÌÌÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à h àà À àà  àà p àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:Ð òB ÐÌœñyñJerryñyññyñ›ñxñJERRYñxññyññxñ›Jerryñxñ›€W.€Burton,€òòproóó€òòseóóà h àà À àà  àà p àPaul€G.€SummersÐ ¾ Ð#086470€à ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÐ ¤ô ÐNortheast€Correctional€ComplexÌP.€O.€Box€5000à  àà h àà À àà  àà p àEllen€H.€PollackÐ p!À  ÐMountain€City,€TN€€37683à h àà À àà  àà p àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÐ V"¦! Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àNashville,€TN€€37243ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€___________________________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌALAN€E.€€GLENN,€JUDGEÌÐ  7P28 Ðò òòòÔ‡¼&¼XXÔÓ  ÓÑ7€žXXdæXXdæ7ÑO€P€I€N€I€O€NÐ ° ÐÌÓ… ÓÓÓÔ#†XžX¼¼&f #Ôóóó óÌà ` àThe€defendant,€Jerry€W.€Burton,€has€filed€a€petition€for€writ€of€habeas€corpus,Ïalleging€that€his€convictions€are€void€because€no€elements€of€the€offenses€for€which€he€wasÏconvicted€occurred€in€Hawkins€County,€Tennessee,€where€he€was€prosecuted.€€BasedÏupon€our€review€of€this€matter,€we€affirm€the€holding€of€the€trial€court€in€dismissing€hisÏpetition€for€writ€of€habeas€corpus.ÌÌà ` àThe€opinion€of€this€Court€in€òòJerry€Wesley€Burton€v.€Stateóó,€[no€number€in€original],Ð l¼ ÐHawkins€County,€slip€op.€at€1€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€July€9,€1985)€set€out€the€historyÏof€prior€post„conviction€attacks€filed€by€the€defendant.€€According€to€that€opinion,€theÏdefendant€entered€guilty€pleas€to€the€various€charges€against€him€and€later€filed€a€seriesÏof€petitions€for€post„conviction€relief,€his€third€such€petition€resulting€in€the€1985€opinionÏwhich€upheld€the€decision€of€the€trial€court€in€dismissing€that€petition.€€The€charges€toÏwhich€the€defendant€entered€guilty€pleas€are€set€out€in€òòJerry€W.€Burton€v.€Stateóó,€No.Ð 4„ Ð03C01„9704„CR„00122,€1998€WL€135512,€at€*1€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€March€26,Ï1998),€òòpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1998).€€In€the€charges€against€him€in€Hawkins€County,Ð Ì!  Ðthe€defendant€entered€guilty€pleas€to€the€offenses€of€criminal€sexual€conduct€first€degree,Ïassault€with€intent€to€commit€murder,€kidnapping,€and€armed€robbery€and€was€sentencedÏto€life€imprisonment€plus€twenty„four€€years.€€In€his€petition,€the€defendant€attacked€eachÏof€these€convictions,€but€in€his€initial€brief€and€his€reply€brief€filed€with€this€Court€in€supportÏof€his€petition,€he€has€argued€only€that€the€conviction€for€criminal€sexual€conduct€firstÏdegree€is€void€because€it€was€prosecuted€in€the€wrong€county.€€However,€since€theÏdefendant€first€attacked€all€of€his€convictions€on€the€same€basis,€we€will€presume€that€heÏdid€not€intend€to€waive€this€argument€by€not€raising€it€in€his€two€appellate€briefs.ÌÌà ` àExhibit€B€to€the€petition€is€a€partial€transcript€of€the€preliminary€hearing€for€theÏcharges€then€pending€against€him€on€May€31,€1979,€in€the€Hawkins€County€GeneralÏSessions€Court.€€Counsel€for€the€co„defendant€argued€that€Hawkins€County€was€not€theÏappropriate€venue€for€prosecution€of€the€criminal€sexual€conduct€first€degree€charge€Ð (9x4: Ðagainst€the€defendant€because€all€of€the€elements€of€that€offense€occurred€in€HamblenÏCounty.€€€ÌÌà ` àExhibits€C€and€D€to€the€petition€are€handwritten,€notarized€statements€given€by€theÏtwo€victims.€€The€statement€of€the€male€victim€describes€in€some€detail€how€the€twoÏdefendants€held€knives€to€his€and€the€female€victimððs€throats,€as€the€four€of€them€were€inÏthe€male€victimððs€automobile€in€Hawkins€County.ñwñ׃ ×ñwññwñ׃×ñwñÝ ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€One€of€the€defendants€stated€that€theÐ xÈ  Ðvictims€would€be€ð ðcutðð€if€they€did€not€cooperate€with€the€two€defendants.€€In€her€notarizedÏstatement,€the€female€victim€said€that,€shortly€after€the€initial€encounter,€as€the€victims€andÏthe€defendants€were€in€the€male€victimððs€automobile€in€Hawkins€County,€the€defendantÏknown€as€ð ðJerryðð€put€a€knife€to€her€throat,€and€both€defendants€told€the€victims€they€wouldÏnot€be€hurt€if€they€cooperated.€€Thus,€while€still€in€Hawkins€County,€the€defendants€hadÏtaken€control€of€both€victims,€putting€both€in€fear€and€depriving€both€of€their€liberty.€€TheÏdefendants€took€the€victims€to€Hamblen€County,€where€the€female€victim€was€raped,€andÏthen€returned€the€victims€to€Hawkins€County,€throwing€both€off€a€bridge€and€into€a€river.€ÏLater,€the€defendants€were€apprehended;€and,€according€to€Exhibit€A€to€the€petition,€theÏdefendant€was€found€guilty€of€the€offenses€of€criminal€sexual€conduct€€first€degree,€armedÏrobbery,€kidnapping,€and€assault€with€intent€to€commit€murder.ÌÌà ` àBased€upon€these€facts€and€convictions,€the€defendant€claims€that€he€should€notÏhave€been€prosecuted€in€Hawkins€County€since,€according€to€his€petition,€all€of€theÏelements€of€criminal€sexual€conduct€first€degree€occurred€in€Hamblen€County.€€€ÌÌà ` àAs€the€Stateððs€brief€correctly€contends,€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure,Ïwhich€were€in€effect€at€the€time€of€the€offenses€of€which€the€defendant€was€convicted,€setÏout€the€venue€for€prosecution€of€offenses€or€criminal€episodes€occurring€in€more€than€oneÏjurisdiction.ÌÐ 45„06 Ðà ` àRule€8(a),€regarding€mandatory€joinder€of€offenses,€provides€that€multiple€offensesÏshall€be€joined€ð ðif€the€offenses€are€based€upon€the€same€conduct€or€arise€from€the€sameÏcriminal€episode.€.€.€.ðð€€Rule€8(b),€regarding€permissive€joinder,€allows€offenses€to€be€joinedÏif€they€ð ðconstitute€parts€of€a€common€scheme€or€plan€or€if€they€are€of€the€same€or€similarÏcharacter.ðð€€Since€the€two€victims€were€controlled€by€the€defendants€from€the€time€thatÏknives€were€put€to€the€victimsðð€throats€in€Hawkins€County€until€they€were€thrown€from€aÏbridge€in€Hawkins€County,€after€the€rape€had€occurred€in€Hamblen€County,€the€fourÏoffenses€were€both€based€ð ðupon€the€same€conductðð€and€arose€ð ðfrom€the€same€criminalÏepisode,ðð€allowing€them€to€be€joined€in€a€single€prosecution.ñwñ׃×ñwññwñ׃×ñwñÝ ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Thus,€it€is€clear€that€theÐ ` Ðprosecution€of€these€four€offenses€ñwñœñwñproperly€occurredñwñ›ñwñ€in€a€single€ñwñœñwñforum,ñwñ›ñwñ€that€being€HawkinsÏCounty.ÌÌà ` àRule€18(b),€Tennessee€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure,€sets€out€the€venue€provisionsÏfor€prosecution€of€criminal€offenses.€€It€provides,€in€pertinent€part,€€ð ðIf€one€or€more€elementsÏof€an€offense€are€committed€in€one€county€and€one€or€more€elements€in€another,€theÏoffense€may€be€prosecuted€in€either€county.ððÌÌà ` àCriminal€sexual€conduct€first€degree,€for€which€the€defendant€was€convicted,€is€setÏout€in€Chapter€937€of€the€Public€Acts€of€1978.€€Among€the€elements€of€the€offense€are€thatÏthe€actor€use€a€weapon€ð ðto€force€or€coerce€the€victim€to€engage€in€sexual€penetration.ðð€€IfÏany€of€these€elements€occurred€in€Hawkins€County,€the€defendant€was€properly€prosecutedÏthere€for€this€offense.à h àÐ l*¼%* ÐÌà ` àAlthough€the€defendant€has€contended€that€no€elements€of€the€offense€of€criminalÏsexual€conduct€first€degree€occurred€in€Hawkins€County,€this€is€not€the€case.€€As€previouslyÏdiscussed,€both€victims€stated€in€their€affidavits€that€the€defendants€put€knives€to€theirÐ œ1ì,2 Ðthroats€while€still€in€Hawkins€County,€where€one€defendant€also€told€the€victims€that€theyÏwould€be€cut€if€they€did€not€cooperate.€à  à€Ð |Ì ÐÌà ` àIt€is€apparent€from€the€statement€of€the€female€victim€that,€after€the€defendants€hadÏput€knives€to€the€œñzñvictimsððñzññzñ›victimððsñzñ›€throats€and€threatened€to€cut€them€unless€they€cooperated,€forceÏand€coercion€continued€throughout€€the€episode€to€control€the€victims.€She€stated€that€theÏdefendant€called€ð ðJerryðð€hit€the€male€victim€with€his€fist,€pulled€his€hair,€and€threatened€toÏkill€them€both€if€they€did€not€cooperate.€€While€the€victims€and€the€defendants€were€inÏHamblen€County,€ð ðJerryðð€ripped€the€clothes€off€the€female€victim€after€she€refused€toÏdisrobe.€€She€was€then€raped€by€ð ðMark,ðð€while€ð ðJerryðð€held€and€struck€the€male€victim€whenÏshe€refused€to€cooperate.€€According€to€her€statement,€ð ðJerryðð€also€kicked€her€in€the€head.Ìà ` àÌà ` àThe€facts€of€this€case€are€similar€to€those€of€òòState€v.€Davisóó,€872€S.W.2d€950€(Tenn.Ð @ ÐCrim.€App.),€òòpermóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1993),€in€which€a€rape€victim€was€kidnapped€atÐ  \ Ðgunpoint€from€the€parking€lot€of€a€grocery€store€in€Blount€County,€Tennessee,€and€drivenÏaway€in€her€own€car€by€one€of€her€abductors.€€She€was€later€raped€multiple€times€and€thenÏdriven€œñ{ñinñ{ñto›€North€Carolina,€where€she€was€again€raped.€€The€defendants€claimed€that€theÏprosecution€had€not€proven€that€Blount€County€was€the€proper€venue€for€prosecuting€theÏaggravated€rape€and€aggravated€robbery€charges.€€In€disposing€of€these€contentions,€theÏCourt€stated:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à€€€The€record€demonstrates€that€elements€of€both€of€theÏoffenses€of€aggravated€rape€and€aggravated€robbery€firstÏoccurred€in€Blount€County€where€force€and€coercion€were€usedÏby€the€appellants€to€obtain€entry€into€the€victimððs€vehicle€andÏtake€her€away.€With€regard€to€the€offense€of€aggravatedÏrobbery,€appellant€Davis€entered€the€vehicle€with€a€deadlyÏweapon.€With€regard€to€the€offense€of€aggravated€rape,€theÏforce€and€coercion€began€at€this€point.€€In€addition,€appellantÏDavis€and€appellant€Tipton€aided€and€abetted€each€other€andÏused€force€in€beginning€this€series€of€offenses€in€Blount€CountyÏat€the€Red€Food€Store.€€Accordingly,€since€an€element€of€theÏcrimes€occurred€in€Blount€County,€venue€was€proper€in€BlountÏCounty.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌòòDavisóó,€872€S.W.2d€at€953.Ð 45„06 ÐÌÓÓÌà ` àIn€this€case,€the€defendant€and€his€co„defendant€entered€the€victimsðð€automobile€inÐ Ì84: ÐHawkins€County,€where€each€put€a€knife€to€the€throat€of€a€victim,€and€one€of€theÏdefendants€stated€that€the€victims€would€be€cut€if€they€did€not€cooperate.€€By€this€means,Ïboth€victims€were€under€the€control€of€the€defendants€beginning€in€Hawkins€County,Ïalthough€the€rape€occurred€in€Hamblen€County.€€Thus,€in€Hawkins€County,€the€defendantsÏfirst€used€their€knives€to€threaten€the€two€victims€and€to€force€or€coerce€the€female€victimÏto€engage€in€sexual€intercourse.€€Accordingly,€the€joinder€provisions€of€Rule€8,€TennesseeÏRules€of€Criminal€Procedure€aside,€the€charge€of€criminal€sexual€conduct€first€degree€couldÏhave€been€prosecuted€in€either€Hawkins€County€where€the€force€and€coercion€necessaryÏto€accomplish€the€rape€first€occurred,€or€in€Hamblen€County€where€the€rape€actually€Ïoccurred.€ÌÌ€à ` àIt€is€clear€that€a€multi„county€criminal€episode€such€as€this,€resulting€in€severalÐ tÄ Ðrelated€criminal€charges,€is€precisely€that€envisioned€by€Rule€8,€Tennessee€Rules€ofÏCriminal€Procedure,€providing€that€all€charges€resulting€from€the€incident€should€beÏprosecuted€in€a€single€trial€and€Rule€18,€allowing€a€criminal€offense€to€be€prosecuted€in€Ïany€county€in€which€one€of€its€elements€occurred.€€In€fact,€if€the€defendantððs€theory€wereÏcorrect,€it€seems€likely€that€he€would€have€been€faced€with€prosecutions€in€both€HawkinsÏand€Hamblen€Counties,€each€trial€involving€the€same€witnesses€and€the€same€proof.€€InÏsuch€trials,€the€prosecution€could€be€expected€to€prove€not€only€the€facts€necessary€for€theÏcharge(s)€being€prosecuted€in€that€county,€but,€also,€the€facts€of€the€crimes€occurring€in€theÏother€county.€€Thus,€there€are€both€legal€and€practical€reasons€that€all€such€charges€areÏprosecuted€in€a€single€trial€in€one€venue.ÌÌà ` àBased€upon€the€foregoing,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€€€€€Ìñwñœ›œñwññsñÌñsññwñ›ñwñÌÓÓà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à________________________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àALAN€E.€€GLENN,€JUDGEÌñwñœ›ñwñÌñwñœñwññtñÐ  6j17 ÐÌÌñtñCONCUR:ñwñ›ñwñÌñwñœñwññqññjñÌñjññqññwñ›ñwñÌÌñwñœñwññuñÌñuññwñ›ñwñÌ____________________________________ÌJAMES€CURWOOD€WITT,€JR.,€JUDGEÌñwñœñwññrñÐ ²95; ÐñrñÌñwñ›œñwññvñÌñvññwñ›ñwñÌÌ____________________________________ÌJOHN€EVERETT€WILLIAMS,€JUDGEÌà ` à