ÿWPC# …# VU:a %› 0(¡w@É4  U., Z 0Jb 0T¬ 0^ 0h^ 0rÆ 0|8 0†´ 0: 1uÊ U,? 0dk U,Ï B)û DC$ AMgé´v~ BvÓ8 D3  0@> AO~ÆÍ 0D“ D/× B˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 , øð AZ‹"Arial RegularX($¡¡ º»D¼D½D¾¿ÀDÁ[ÂӀλ{s 3|xÐ%ä2¼A`ArialTT2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco% Line 7 d 7Border 1dd€-!Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ßÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÔ€ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€XÔÌÌò òJuly€26,€1996ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'` dStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA Op Monaco Ò%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€X„d&ÓÑ#€Xd#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÙ€€ÙÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑßL€"#!;+'h|Ã` Å `€€Lß›IN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€JACKSONÌÌFEBRUARY€1996€SESSIONÌÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€02„C„01„9504„CR„00104Ìà àà àAPPELLEE,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àShelby€CountyÌv.à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àWil€V.€Doran,€Designated€JudgeÌEVERETT€D.€CAIN,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à(First€Degree€Murder)Ìà àà àAPPELLANT.à àà à)ÌÌÌÌÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àà àà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌÌW.€Mark€Wardà àà àà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌ147€Jefferson€Avenueà àà àà àà à500€Charlotte€AvenueÌSuite€900à àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€€37243„0497ÌMemphis,€TN€38103Ì(On€Appeal)à àà àà àà àà àà àJohn€P.€CauleyÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌRobert€T.€Hallà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€€37243„0493Ì201€Poplar€Avenue,€Suite€2„01ÌMemphis,€TN€€€38103„1947à àà àà àJohn€W.€PierottiÌ(At€Trial)à àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à201€Poplar€Avenue,€Suite€301ÌOF€COUNSEL:à àà àà àà àà àMemphis,€TN€€€38103„1947ÌA€C€Wharton,€Jr.ÌShelby€County€Public€Defenderà àà àà àPaul€F.€GoodmanÌ201€Poplar€Avenue,€Suite€2„01à àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌMemphis,€TN€€€38103„1947à àà àà à201€Poplar€Avenue,€Suite€301Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àMemphis,€TN€€38103„1947ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€_______________________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌJOE€B.€JONES,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÇØØÙ  Ùò òÑ7€_éXXdæXXdæ7Ñà@ àO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óÌÌÓÓÌà àThe€appellant,€Everett€D.€Cain,€was€convicted€of€murder€in€the€first€degree€by€aÏjury€of€his€peers.€€He€was€sentenced€to€life€imprisonment€in€the€Department€ofÏCorrection.€€Two€issues€are€presented€for€this€Court's€review.€€The€appellant€contendsÏthat€the€evidence€is€insufficient,€as€a€matter€of€law,€to€support€a€finding€by€a€rationalÏtrier€of€fact€that€he€was€guilty€of€murder€in€the€first€degree€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€ÏHe€argues€that€the€state€failed€to€prove€the€elements€of€œpremeditation›€and€deliberation.€ÏThe€appellant€also€contends€that€the€trial€court€committed€error€of€prejudicialÏdimensions€by€failing€to€grant€his€motion€for€mistrial€after€the€assistant€district€attorneyÏgeneral€commented€upon€the€appellantððs€failure€to€give€the€police€a€statementÏfollowing€the€òòMirandaóó€warnings€during€the€state's€opening€statement.€€After€a€thoroughÏreview€of€the€record,€the€briefs€of€the€respective€parties,€and€the€authorities€whichÏgovern€the€issues,€it€is€the€opinion€of€this€Court€that€the€judgment€of€the€trial€courtÏshould€be€affirmed.Ìà àThe€appellant€is€confined€to€a€wheelchair.€€On€July€19,€1992,€the€appellant€wasÏplaying€a€dice€game€on€the€steps€of€Kenny€Fason's€apartment.€€Several€people€wereÏwatching€the€game.€€Virginia€œReece,›€Fason's€mother,€observed€the€game€from€herÏsecond„story€apartment.€€When€she€heard€four€œgunshots,›€she€looked€out€of€herÏwindow.€€She€noticed€the€appellant€placing€a€silver€object,€which€appeared€to€be€aÏgun,€under€his€leg.€€The€people€observing€the€dice€game€dispersed€when€the€shotsÏwere€fired.€€The€appellant€rolled€himself€away€in€his€wheelchair.€€Ìà àThe€appellant€went€to€the€apartment€of€Christine€Threat,€which€was€near€theÍsitus€of€the€shooting.€€Threat€had€gone€to€a€neighbor's€apartment€to€use€the€telephone.€ÏWhen€she€returned€to€her€apartment,€she€found€the€appellant€sitting€in€her€living€room.€ÏThreat€testified€that€she€did€not€know€the€appellant€very€well,€she€did€not€invite€him€intoÏher€apartment,€and€she€was€surprised€to€find€the€appellant€in€the€apartment€when€sheÏreturned.€€The€appellant€told€Threat€that€"he€shot€once€in€the€air€and€he€was€waiting€forÏthe€motherfucker€[Fason]€to€break€and€run.€€And€when€[Fason]€broke€and€ran,€he€[theÏappellant]€shot€three€more€times.€€And€he€was€going€to€shoot€until€he€see€[sic]€theÏmotherfucker€[Fason]€fall."€€The€appellant€stated€that€he€shot€Fason€because€he€hadÏgiven€Fason€a€sum€of€money€to€keep€for€him,€and€Fason€had€spent€the€money.€€TheÏpolice€arrested€the€appellant€at€Threat's€apartment€several€hours€after€the€murder.€ÏThe€police€were€unable€to€recover€the€murder€weapon.Ìà àThe€appellant€shot€Fason€in€the€head.€€The€projectile€penetrated€Fason's€brain,Ïwhich€caused€Fason€to€sustain€a€severe€brain€injury.€€Fason€died€as€a€direct€andÏproximate€result€of€the€brain€injury€approximately€two€months€after€the€incident€inÏquestion.ÌÌà@ àò òI.ÌÌó óà àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€thisÏCourt€must€review€the€record€to€determine€if€the€evidence€adduced€at€trial€is€sufficientÏ"to€support€the€finding€of€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€Tenn.€R.ÏApp.€P.€13(e).€This€rule€is€applicable€to€findings€of€guilt€based€upon€direct€evidence,Ïcircumstantial€evidence,€or€a€combination€of€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòStateÍv.€Dykesóó,€803€S.W.2d€250,€253€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1990).Ìà àIn€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€this€Court€does€notÏreweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1990).€€Nor€may€this€Court€substitute€itsÏinferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€trier€of€fact€from€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòLiakas€v.ÏStateóó,€199€Tenn.€298,€305,€286€S.W.2d€856,€859,€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€352€U.S.€845,€77€S.Ct.Ï39,€1€L.Ed.2d€49€(1956).€€To€the€contrary,€this€Court€is€required€to€afford€the€State€ofÏTennessee€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€contained€in€the€record€asÏwell€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€theÏevidence.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).Ìà àQuestions€concerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€toÏbe€given€the€evidence,€as€well€as€all€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence€areÏresolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€this€Court.€€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€at€835.€€In€òòState€v.ÏGraceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973),€our€Supreme€Court€said:€€"A€guilty€verdictÏby€the€jury,€approved€by€the€trial€judge,€accredits€the€testimony€of€the€witnesses€for€theÏState€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€theory€of€the€State."Ìà àSince€a€verdict€of€guilt€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€and€replaces€itÏwith€a€presumption€of€guilt,€the€accused,€as€the€appellant,€has€the€burden€in€this€CourtÏof€illustrating€why€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€verdicts€returned€by€theÏtrier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€This€Court€will€notÏdisturb€a€verdict€of€guilt€due€to€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€unless€the€factsÏcontained€in€the€record€are€insufficient,€as€a€matter€of€law,€for€a€rational€trier€of€fact€toÏfind€that€the€accused€is€guilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914.Ìà àIn€this€case,€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€support€a€finding€by€a€rational€trier€ofÏfact€that€the€appellant€was€guilty€of€first€degree€premeditated€murder€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e);€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€99€S.Ct.Ï2781,€61€L.Ed.2d€560€(1979).€€The€victimððs€mother,€Virginia€Reece,€testified€that€a€fewÏdays€before€the€murder,€she€was€sitting€on€her€porch€when€the€appellant€came€by€andÏstated€that€he€was€going€to€kill€her€son.€€When€she€asked€why,€he€just€smiled€andÏrolled€away.€€The€appellant€killed€the€victim€in€retaliation€for€the€victimððs€failure€to€returnÏthe€money.€€Finally,€the€appellantððs€own€admission€of€shooting€once€into€the€air€andÏthen€waiting€for€the€victim€to€try€to€run€before€firing€the€fatal€shot€indicates€aÏpremeditated€and€deliberate€killing€done€with€reflection€and€a€cool€purpose.€€òòState€v.ÏBrownóó,€836€S.W.2d€530,€543€(Tenn.€1992).Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà@ àò òII.Ìó óÌà àDuring€his€opening€statement,€the€Assistant€District€Attorney€Generalò ò€ó ómade€theÏfollowing€remarks:ÌÓÓÌà8 àà8 àSergeant€Ross,€with€the€Memphis€Police€Department,€willÏtestify€that€he€.€.€.€talked€to€Mr.€Cain€about€what€happenedÏand€asked€him€what€had€happened.€€And€Mr.€Cain€admittedÏthat€he€was€there€when€Kenneth€Fason€got€shot.€.€.€.€€AndÏSergeant€Ross€asked€the€question€of€Everett€Cain,€ððDid€youÏshoot€Kenneth€Fason?ðð€€At€which€time€Everett€CainÏdeclined€to€say€any€more,€but€he€admitted€to€Sergeant€RossÏthat€he€was€present€at€the€time€that€Kenneth€Fason€wasÏshot.ÌÌÌÌÓÓThe€appellant€made€no€objection€and€the€case€went€to€trial.€€Sergeant€D.E.€Ross€wasÏthe€third€witness€for€the€state.€€He€interviewed€the€appellant€after€arrest.€€€€He€testifiedÏthat€he€gave€the€appellant€the€Miranda€warnings.€€The€appellant€was€asked€if€heÏunderstood€his€rights€and€if€he€wanted€to€give€a€statement.€€The€appellant€answeredÏð ðyesðð€to€both€questions.€€The€following€questions€were€written€down€by€Sergeant€RossÏand€the€appellant€wrote€out€his€answers.Ìà àÌÓÓà8 àà8 àQ:à0 àOn€July€the€19th,€ðð92,€at€approximately€3:55€p.m.,€didÏyou€shoot€Kenny€Fason€at€255€Scott€Street€inÏMemphis,€Shelby,€Tennessee?ÌÌà8 àà8 àA:à0 àNo.ÌÌà8 àà8 àQ:à0 àDid€you€see€who€shot€Kenny€Fason?ÌÌà8 àà8 àA:à0 àNo.ÌÌà8 àà8 à*Q:à0 àWere€you€present€when€the€shots€were€fired€andÏKenny€Fason€was€struck€by€gunfire?ÌÌà8 àà8 àA:à0 àYes.ÌÌà8 àà8 àQ:à0 àHow€many€shots€were€fired?ÌÌà8 àà8 àA:à0 àI€donððt€know.ÌÌà8 àà8 à*Q:à0 àWhat€happened€before€the€shooting€occurred?€€ÌÌà8 àà8 àA:à0 àA€dice€game€was€going€on.ÌÌà8 àà8 àQ:à0 àDo€you€know€Kenny€Fason?ÌÌà8 àà8 àA:à0 àYes,€for€a€couple€of€months.ÌÌà8 àà8 àQ:à0 àDid€you€give€Kenny€Fason€$800€to€hold€for€you€whenÍyou€went€to€the€hospital€for€a€broken€finger?ÌÌà8 àà8 àA:à0 àNo.ÌÌà8 àà8 àQ:à0 àDid€Kenny€Fason€owe€you€any€money?ÌÌà8 àà8 àA:à0 àNo.ÌÌà8 àà8 àQ:à0 àDo€you€know€Christine€Threat?ÌÌà8 àà8 àA:à0 àYes,€sheððs€a€friend€Iððve€known€for€three€months.ÌÌà8 àà8 àQ:à0 àWhy€did€you€go€to€her€house€after€the€shooting?ÌÌà8 àà8 àA:à0 àAbout€ten€minutes€after€the€shooting€I€went€to€herÏhouse€to€get€out€of€the€way.ÌÌà8 àà8 àQ:à0 àDid€you€tell€her€that€you€shot€him?ÌÌÌÌÓÓAt€this€point,€the€appellant€said€he€did€not€want€to€say€anything€else.€€No€moreÏquestions€were€asked€and€the€interview€ceased.€€Ìà àAt€trial,€the€appellant€was€only€asked€about€the€two€statements€marked€aboveÏwith€an€asterisk.€€The€final€question€of€Sergeant€Ross€at€trial€was:€ð ðIn€your€presenceÏdid€Mr.€Cain€ever€contest€his€own€presence€when€Mr.€Fason€was€shot?ðð€€SergeantÏRoss€answered€ð ðNo.ðð€€The€appellant€did€not€cross€examine€the€witness.Ìà àThe€next€day€the€appellant€moved€the€trial€court€to€declare€a€mistrial€basedÏupon€the€prosecutorððs€opening€statement.€€He€argued€that€the€statement€was€ð ða€directÏimproper€and€impermissible€reference€to€this€invocation€of€the€Fifth€Amendment€by€theÏdefendant,€and€it€cannot€be€properly€published€to€the€jury.ððÌà àThis€issue€has€been€waived.€€The€failure€to€make€a€contemporaneous€objectionÏwhen€the€assistant€district€attorney€general€made€the€comment€during€his€openingÍstatement€constituted€a€waiver€of€this€issue.€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(a);€òòState€v.ÏMcPhersonóó,€882€S.W.2d€365,€373€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1994);ÏòòState€v.€Gregoryóó,€862€S.W.2d€574,€578€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993);€òòState€v.€Thomasóó,€818ÏS.W.2d€350,€364€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1991).€€Nevertheless,€thisÏCourt€will€consider€the€issue.Ìà àIt€is€well€established€that€a€prosecutorððs€comment€on€the€accusedððs€exercise€ofÏhis€privilege€against€self„incrimination€violates€the€Federal€and€State€Constitutions.€ÏòòState€v.€Haleóó,€672€S.W.2d€201,€202€(Tenn.€1984);€òòThomasóó,€818€S.W.2d€at€364.€€It€isÏfundamentally€unfair€to€use€the€accusedððs€silence€against€him€after€he€has€beenÏimplicitly€warned€that€exercising€his€right€to€silence€cannot€be€used€against€him.€€òòGreerÏv.€Milleróó,€483€U.S.€756,€762„63,€107€S.Ct.€3102,€3106„07,€97€L.Ed.2d€618,€628„29Ï(1987).€Ìà àHowever,€when€the€accused€does€give€a€voluntary€statement€after€beingÏinformed€of€his€constitutional€rights,€it€is€not€error€to€comment€on€the€scope€of€thisÏvoluntary€statement€in€that€the€questioning€was€terminated€at€some€point€by€theÏaccused.€€òòState€v.€Kellyóó,€683€S.W.2d€1,€5„6€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.Ï1984);€òòWare€v.€Stateóó,€565€S.W.2d€906,€908€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.Ï1978);€òòParks€v.€Stateóó,€543€S.W.2d€855,€857€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.Ï1976).€€This€is€what€transpired€in€the€case€at€bar.€€The€state€did€not€use€the€appellantððsÏpost„òòMirandaóó€silence€for€impeachment€by€arguing€that€he€had€the€opportunity€toÏexplain€his€innocence€but€failed€to€do€so.€€òòSeeóó€€òòGreeróó,€483€U.S.€at€763„64,€107€S.Ct.Ï3108,€97€L.Ed.2d€at€628„29;€òòDole€v.€Ohioóó,€426€U.S.€610,€619,€96€S.Ct.€2240,€2245,€49ÏL.Ed.2d€91,€œ98„99›€(1976).€€In€òòWareóó,€this€Court€stated:€€ð ðOnce€the€defendant€gave€hisÍinitial€statement€at€the€scene€of€his€arrest,€it€was€not€improper€for€officer€Johnson€toÏtestify€that€he€ððdidnððt€say€anythingðð€else,€or€for€Sergeant€Porter€to€testify€that€shortlyÏthereafter€at€the€police€station,€ððhe€wouldnððt€give€me€a€statement.ðððð€565€S.W.2d€at€908.€€Ìà àEven€if€the€statement€were€error,€the€error€would€be€harmless€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt.€€Evidence€of€the€appellantððs€guilt€is€overwhelming.€€Ms.€ReeceÏtestified€that€the€appellant€had€threatened€to€kill€the€victim€before€the€murder.€€Ms.ÏThreat€testified€that€the€appellant€bragged€about€committing€€the€murder€shortly€afterÏthe€killing.€€Also,€the€jury€was€instructed€on€several€occasions€not€to€considerÏstatements€of€counsel€as€evidence.€€In€ruling€on€the€appellantððs€motion€made€a€dayÏafter€the€alleged€error,€the€trial€judge€stated:€ÌÓÓÌà8 àà8 àThe€Court€in€its€general€instructions€and€during€the€trial,Ïeven€at€the€adjournment€yesterday,€cautioned€the€jury€thatÏthey€should€accept€evidence€only€that€comes€from€thisÏwitness€stand.€€It€cautions€the€jury€that€statements€ofÏcounsel€as€to€proof€are€not€evidence€and€they€should€notÏtake€them€as€evidence.€.€.€.€€Thatððs€been€emphasized€to€theÏjury€already.€€It€will€be€restated€in€the€Courtððs€finalÏinstructions€to€the€jury.ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àThis€Court€finds€that€the€state€did€not€improperly€comment€on€the€appellantððsÏright€to€remain€silent.€€Furthermore,€even€if€it€were€error,€it€would€be€harmless€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt.€€Any€improper€inference€in€the€stateððs€opening€statement€that€theÏaccused€was€admitting€guilt€by€exercising€his€right€to€remain€silent€would€have€little,€ifÏœany,›€effect€considering€the€appellant€made€other€admissible€statements€stronglyÏindicating€his€guilt.€€The€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€denying€theÏappellantððs€untimely€motion€for€a€mistrial€based€on€the€single€statement€made€in€theÍprosecutionððs€opening€statement.ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à________________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€€€JOE€B.€JONES,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________Ìà àGARY€R.€WADE,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ___________________________________Ìà àJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGE