ÿWPCW$ …# VUNa %¯ 0Ƶ4{  ž w@¦ 0 æ 0Dð 0J4 0T~ 0^Ò 0h0 0r˜ 0|  0†† 0  1uœU, 0d= B¡U,¾U>êU 6(B)^DC‡ D3Ê AMýU*J 0@tÄ´hxàv~avÓß AO²"Æ# 0DÇ# D/ $ B:$˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 (ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX(žjÆ$¡¡Ñ` ` ÑÑÜÜÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÓÓ»{s 3|x ‰Š‹DŒDŽED‘Ó€(º(3eB$¤¤Ý ƒjÆ!ÝÑ` °ÑÑܰÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓÓÝ  Ýà Œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d((((7Border 1dd$$$$'ÿÿdxd€-)Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò ºÝ ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€&ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÔ€,ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€,XÔÌÌò òMayÏ1,Ï1996ÌÌCecilÏCrowson,ÏJr.ÌÔ€,ôÔAppellateÏCourtÏClerkó ó ^Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€&ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÓÓÔ€'ÔÔ€'ôÔThe€pleadings,€documents,€and€supporting€affidavits€placed€in€theÏrecord€prior€to€the€original€appeal€referred€to€twenty„two€years€as€theÏcommuted€sentence.€€òòSeeóó€òòCarroll€v.€Raneyóó,€868€S.W.2d€721€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1993).€€At€the€evidentiary€hearing€required€by€this€court€on€remand,€theÏstate€and€the€petitioner€stipulated€that€the€sentence€actually€had€beenÏcommuted€to€Ô€'XÔ"Ô€'ôÔ22€years€to€life.Ô€'XÔ"Ô€'ôÔÌ wÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€&ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€'ÔÔ€'ôÔÓÓOn€June€11,€1982,€Governor€Lamar€Alexander€again€granted€theÏpetitioner€clemency€to€the€extent€necessary€to€make€him€eligible€forÏparole.€€The€petitioner€was€returned€from€parole€in€1983.€€In€1985,ÏGovernor€Alexander€revoked€the€1982€order€of€clemency.€€ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA:Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA:Op Monaco Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€%%X„d&ÓÑ#€%%Xd#ÑÔ€&ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÔ€'ÔÑ7€f[XdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÙ€€ÙßL€+.);+'h|S¹` ´- `€€Lß›à@ àòòIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALSÏOF€TENNESSEEóóÌà@ àòòAT€JACKSONóóÌà@ àMARCH€1996€SESSIONÌÌWILLIAM€D.€CARROLL,à àà à*à àC.C.A.€#€02C01„9510„CC„00314Ìà àAppellee,à àà àà à*à àLAUDERDALE€COUNTYÌVS.à àà àà àà àà à*à àHon.€Joseph€H.ÏWalker,€JudgeÌFRED€RANEY,€WARDEN,à àà à*à à(Habeas€Corpus)Ìà àAppellant.à àà à*ÌÌÌÌÌòòFor€Appellee:óóà àà àà àà àòòFor€Appellant:óóÌÓÓJulie€K.€Pillowà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àAttorney€General€&ÏReporter€ÌP.O.€Box€700ÌSomerville,€TN€38068à àà àEllen€H.€PollackÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistantÏAttorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à450€JamesÏRobertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€Ï37243„0485ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAmy€L.€Tarkington€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌÌÌÌJUDGMENT€REVERSED;€HABEAS€CORPUS€PETITION€DISMISSEDÌÌÌÌÌGARY€R.€WADE,€JUDGEÇà@ àò òòòOPINIONóóó óÌÌÓÓà àà àThe€State€of€Tennessee€appeals€from€a€judgmentÏgranting€the€petitioner,€William€D.€Carroll,€habeas€corpusÏrelief€on€the€basis€that€his€sentence€had€been€fully€served.€ÏEarlier€this€court€had€remanded€the€cause€for€an€evidentiaryÏhearing.€€òòSeeóó€òòCarroll€v.€Raneyóó,€868€S.W.2d€721€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1993).€€The€single€issue€presented€for€review€is€whether€theÏtrial€court€erred€by€determining€that€the€petitionerððs€commutedÏsentence€had€expired€prior€to€being€revoked€by€act€of€theÏgovernor.€€We€reverse€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€andÏdismiss€the€petition.ÌÌà àà àIn€1962,€the€petitioner€was€convicted€of€rape€andÏsentenced€to€death€by€electrocution.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„3701€and€39„3702.€€Two€years€later,€Governor€Frank€ClementÏcommuted€the€sentence€to€life€in€prison.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Const.€art.Ï3,€ðð€6;€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„27„101€òòetóó€òòseqóó.;€òòSmith€v.€Thompsonóó,Ï584€S.W.2d€253€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1979).€€On€November€16,€1972,ÏGovernor€Winfield€Dunn€commuted€the€sentence€to€twenty„two€yearsÏto€life.œ× ƒ/ ××  ×›€€œShortly›€thereafter,€the€petitioner€was€released€onÍparole.€€ÌÌà àà àDuring€his€period€of€parole,€the€petitioner€committedÏan€armed€robbery€and,€on€June€28,€1973,€he€was€sentenced€toÏforty€years€for€that€crime.€€On€March€19,€1974,€Governor€DunnÏrevoked€the€1972€commutation€and€restored€the€life€sentence€onÏthe€rape€conviction.€€Thereafter,€the€petitioner€completed€hisÏforty„year€sentence€for€the€armed€robbery€as€well€as€earlierÏsentences€of€three,€five,€and€ten€years€he€had€received€as€theÏresult€of€1965€Shelby€County€convictions.ÌÌà àà àIn€1992,€the€petitioner,€an€inmate€in€the€geriatricÏunit€of€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Correction,€filed€thisÏpetition€for€habeas€corpus€claiming€he€had€served€the€commutedÏsentence€before€the€revocation.€€The€trial€court€denied€reliefÏwithout€granting€an€evidentiary€hearing.€€On€direct€appeal,€thisÏcourt€reversed€and€remanded€the€cause€to€the€trial€court€toÏdetermine€whether€the€sentence€for€rape€had€expired€by€the€timeÏGovernor€Dunn€acted€to€revoke€the€commutation.€€òòCarroll€v.ÏRaneyóó,€868€S.W.2d€at€724.ÌÌà àà àThe€basis€of€this€courtððs€ruling€was€the€earlierÏopinion€of€òòRowell€v.€Duttonóó,€688€S.W.2d€474€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1985).€€In€òòRowellóó,€this€court€held€that€a€governorððs€authorityÏto€revoke€an€unconditional€commutation€of€sentence€terminated€atÏthe€expiration€of€the€sentence.€€In€that€case,€the€petitionerÏwas€able€to€establish€at€the€evidentiary€hearing€that€theÏsentence,€because€of€accumulated€sentence€credits,€had€beenÏfully€served€before€the€governor€revoked€the€commutation.€€TheÏfollowing€passage€was€deemed€to€be€controlling€on€the€issue:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àœ[A]€records›€clerk€at€the€Tennessee€StateÏPenitentiary€and€...€the€senior€recordsÏclerk€at€the€Central€Records€Division€ofÏthe€Department€of€Correction€...€revealedÏthat€the€appellant€had€also€received€twoÏhundred€sixty€(260)€days€of€ProgramÏParticipation€Sentence€Credits€(PPSC)€as€ofÏthe€date€that€his€sentence€was€commuted€inÏDecember€1979.€€After€he€returned€to€theÏpenitentiary€...,€the€appellant€...Ïreceived€...€credits€...€for€thirteenÏmonths€for€a€total€of€one€hundred€fifty„sixÏ(156)€additional€days€of€PPSC.€€These€daysÏ...€yielded€a€credit€of€four€hundredÏsixteen€(416)€days€which€are€subtractedÏfrom€the€January€3,€1985€expiration€dateÏ...€and€...€yielded€an€expiration€date€ofÏNovember€15,€1983....ÌÌà@ à*€*€*ÌÌà8 àà8 àà àThus,€the€net€result€of€all€theseÏcalculations€is€that€at€the€time€thatÍGovernor€Alexander€signed€the€revocation€ofÏclemency€on€November€22,€1983,€theÏappellantððs€sentence€had€already€expired.€ÏThere€simply€was€no€sentence€to€revoke.ÌÌòòRowell€v.€Duttonóó,€688€S.W.2d€at€476.€€ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àA€commutation€of€a€sentence€by€the€governor€is€theÏsubstitution€of€a€lesser€for€a€greater€punishment.€€òòBowen€v.ÏStateóó,€488€S.W.2d€373,€376„78€(Tenn.€1972);€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòState€exÏrel.€Murphy€v.€Wolferóó,€127€Minn.€102,€148€N.W.€896€(1914).€€TheÏgovernor,€however,€has€the€authority€to€attach€conditions€to€anyÏcommutation.€€Upon€a€violation,€the€governor€may€revoke€aÏcommutation€and€reinstate€the€original€term€absent€any€right€onÏthe€part€of€the€prisoner€to€judicial€review.€€òòWhite€v.€Livesayóó,Ï715€F.€Supp.€202€(M.D.€Tenn.€1989);€òòState€ex€rel.€Rowe€v.ÏConnersóó,€166€Tenn.€393,€396„97,€61€S.W.2d€471,€472€(1933).€€ÌÌà àà àIn€the€first€appeal€by€the€petitioner,€this€courtÏcould€not€conclude€from€the€documents€in€the€record€that€theÏrape€sentence€had€expired€by€the€time€Governor€Dunn€revoked€orÏwhether€any€conditions€had€been€placed€on€the€commutation.€€TheÏinformation€available€suggested€that€the€petitioner€had€aÏ"twenty„two€year€sentence"€which€began€on€or€about€September€9,Í1961.€€The€cause€was€remanded€to€the€trial€court€for€a€factualÏdetermination€of€whether€the€sentence€had€been€served€andÏwhether€there€were€any€conditions€to€the€commutation.€€InÏdetermining€whether€the€petitioner€had€served€his€sentence€byÏthe€time€of€the€1974€revocation,€the€trial€court€was€directedÏnot€to€consider€anything€other€than€uncontested€sentenceÏcredits.€€ÌÌà àà àAfter€further€proceedings,€the€trial€court€ruled€inÏpertinent€part€as€follows:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à(1)à àThat€the€petitioner€had€264€days€ofÏpretrial€jail€credit€at€the€time€of€hisÏoriginal€sentence€on€May€31,€1962.ÌÌà8 àà8 à(2)à àThe€sentence€of€death€was€commuted€toÏa€life€sentence€on€July€13,€1964,€and,€onÏNovember€16,€1972,€further€commuted€to€22Ïyears€to€life.€€ÌÌà8 àà8 à(3)€€The€1972€commutation€wasÏunconditional.ÌÌà8 àà8 à(4)à àThe€petitioner€was€released€on€paroleÏDecember€12,€1972,€and€then€returned€toÏprison€four€months€later.€€ÌÌà8 àà8 à(5)à àIn€March€1974,€the€governor€attemptedÏto€revoke€the€commutation€and€restore€theÏlife€sentence.ÌÌà8 àà8 à(6)à àThat€based€upon€the€facts€presented,Ïthe€petitioner€had€served€his€sentence€ofÏ22€years€to€life€prior€to€its€revocation€onÍMarch€19,€1974.ÌÌà8 àà8 à(7)à àThat€all€other€sentences€have€expiredÏand€that€the€petitioner€should€be€grantedÏthe€writ€of€habeas€corpus€and€released€fromÏcustody.× ƒ0 ××  ×ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àIn€its€appeal€from€that€order,€the€state€contends€thatÏthe€"22„year€to€life€commutation"€was€an€indeterminate€sentenceÏfor€the€maximum€period,€subject€to€termination€only€by€theÏparole€board.€€Their€claim€is€that€the€œtwenty„two„year›€to€lifeÏsentence€could€expire€only€upon€the€death€of€the€prisonerÏwhereas€a€œtwenty„two„year›€sentence€would€have€been€fully€servedÏbefore€the€1974€commutation.€€ÌÌà àà àIf€the€sentence€had€been€œtwenty„two€years,›€it€wouldÏhave€apparently€expired€some€six€months€prior€to€the€1974Ïrevocation.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„3612€(1975)(current€version€atÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„28„115).€€Ordinarily,€the€findings€by€theÏtrial€judge€on€questions€of€fact€are€conclusive€on€appeal€unlessÏthe€evidence€preponderates€against€the€judgment.€€òòGraves€v.ÏStateóó,€512€S.W.2d€603,€604€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1973).€€TheÍstipulation€that€the€commuted€sentence€was€actually€"22€years€toÏlife,"€however,€casts€new€light€on€this€situation.€€At€firstÏblush,€the€sentence€imposed€by€Governor€Dunn€appears€to€beÏindeterminate.€€The€applicable€statute€provided€in€part€asÏfollows:€€ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àEvery€person€sentenced€to€an€indeterminateÏsentence€and€confined€in€a€state€prison,Ïwhen€he€has€served€a€period€of€time€equalÏto€the€minimum€sentence€imposed€by€theÏcourt€for€the€crime€of€which€he€wasÏconvicted,€shall€be€subject€to€theÏjurisdiction€of€the€board.€€The€time€of€hisÏrelease€shall€be€discretionary€with€theÏboard,€but€no€such€person€shall€be€releasedÏuntil€he€has€served€such€minimum€sentenceÏnor€until€he€shall€have€served€one€(1)Ïyear.ÌÌà8 àà8 àEvery€person€sentenced€to€a€determinateÏsentence€and€confined€in€a€state€prison,Ïwhen€he€has€served€a€period€of€time€equalÏto€one„half€(ðð)€of€the€sentence€imposed€byÏthe€court€for€the€crime€for€which€he€wasÏconvicted,€but€in€no€event€less€than€oneÏ(1)€year,€shall€likewise€be€subject€toÏparole€in€the€same€manner€provided€forÏthose€sentenced€to€an€indeterminateÏsentence.€ÌÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„3612.€€ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àOther€authorities€also€suggest€that€a€"22„year€toÏlife"€sentence€should€be€classified€as€indeterminate:ÌÓÓà8 àà0 àAn€indeterminate€sentence€[is]€one€where€theÍcourt€does€not€fix€duration€but€only€fixesÏmaximum€and€minimum€limits,€and€as€one€for€theÏmaximum€period,€subject€to€termination€by€aÏparole€board€...€at€any€time€after€the€minimumÏterm€has€been€served.ÌÌÓÓ24€C.J.S.€Criminal€Law€ðð€1468.a.€(1989);€òòcfóó.,€Matthew€S.€Prince,ÏComment,€"The€Indeterminate€Sentence€Law€in€Tennessee,"€25€Tenn.ÏL.€Rev.€366€(1958).€€€ÌÌà àà àAt€the€time,€however,€our€statutory€law€specificallyÏprovided€that€a€sentence€for€rape€had€been€excluded€from€theÏindeterminate€sentence€law€and€qualified€as€determinate.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„2707(1975)(current€version€at€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ40„20„107(b));€òòFrank€v.€Stateóó,€187€Tenn.€174,€186,€213€S.W.2dÏ105,€109„110€(1948).€€The€petitioner€argues,€therefore,€thatÏGovernor€Dunn€imposed€an€illegal€sentence€and€that€this€courtÏshould€interpret€the€sentence€as€one€for€twenty„two€years.€€ÌÌà àà àIn€the€exercise€of€clemency,€however,€the€governor€isÏnot€subject€to€the€control€of€the€general€assembly.€€òòState€exÏrel.€Rowe€v.€Connersóó,€166€Tenn.€393,€396,€61€S.W.2d€471,€472Ï(1933).€€The€"power€to€grant€reprieves€and€pardons"€hasÏtraditionally€included€the€commutation€of€a€sentence.€€òòRickes€v.ÏStateóó,€882€S.W.2d€387,€391€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€TheÍgovernor€has€the€unbridled€discretion€to€impose€conditions,Ïlimitations€or€restrictions€on€a€commutation.€€òòSeeóó€òòSpencer€v.ÏStateóó,€125€Tenn.€64,€140€S.W.€597€(1911).€The€prisoner€has€theÏright€to€refuse€the€grant€if€unwilling€to€comply€with€any€of€theÏconditions€imposed.€€òòState€ex€rel.€Bedford€v.€McCorkleóó,€163ÏTenn.€101,€104„05,€40€S.W.2d€1015,€1016€(1931).€€Here,€of€courseÏthe€petitioner€accepted€the€largess€of€the€governor€but€soonÏthereafter€committed€a€serious€offense.€€ÌÌà àà àIn€our€view,€the€additional€provision,€"to€life,"Ïrendered€the€commutation€conditional.€€Clearly,€Governor€DunnÏreserved€the€authority€to€exercise€control€over€the€petitionerÏthroughout€the€remainder€of€his€natural€life.€€Because€theÏterminology€served€as€a€condition€to€the€commutation,€theÏprisoner€was€subject€to€a€revocation€in€1974.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€ex€rel.ÏGarvin€Shepherd€v.€Jack€Morganóó,€No.€89„287„III€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.,€at€Nashville,€June€13,€1990)(sentence€commuted€to€twentyÏyears€with€condition€that€petitioner€be€subject€to€paroleÏsupervision€for€99„year€term€of€original€sentence).€€ÌÌà àà àA€parolee€whose€sentence€has€not€been€fully€servedÏremains€under€confinement€of€his€sentence€during€any€parole.€ÍòòDoyle€v.€Hamptonóó,€207€Tenn.€399,€403„04,€340€S.W.2d€891,€893Ï(1961).€€The€grant€of€parole,€however,€does€not€conflict€withÏthe€powers€of€the€governor.€€òòSeeóó€òòWoods€v.€Stateóó,€130€Tenn.€100,Ï169€S.W.€558€(1914).€€While€the€trial€court€made€findings€to€theÏcontrary,€it€appears€that,€as€a€matter€of€law,€the€sentence€wasÏin€fact€conditional€œand›€had€not€expired€by€the€time€of€the€1974Ïcommutation.€€The€judgment€must,€therefore,€be€reversed€and€theÏhabeas€corpus€petition€dismissed.€€Ì€€ÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà à_____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àGary€R.€Wade,€JudgeÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ________________________________ÌJoe€B.€Jones,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÌÌ________________________________ÌWilliam€M.€Barker,€Judge€ÌÌ