ÿWPC™' …U:V % 0Ü–w@r 4² Æ Õ 0 Ý 0Dý 0JA 0T‹ 0^ß 0h= 0r¥ 0| 0†“ 0 1u© 0d AM‚²Ï BežU *B)-DCV AM™qæ W D3w¡ªv~K 0XÉvÓ! AOô%ÆC& 0D ' D/M' B|', øð AZ‹"Arial RegularX(´`$¡¡Ñ°ÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€‰GXXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  Ñ hEijEklEmnEopDqÓ€·‚^!3|x|(Ð(3Š $¤¤Ý ƒ`!ÝѰÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€ìâXXdæXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ€-#Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ¨Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ! ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€!ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€!XÔÌÌò òM…archÏ4,Ï1997ÌÌCecilÏCrowson,ÏJr.ÌÔ€!ôÔAp…pellateÏCourtÏClerkó ó d [Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€!ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóPeters,€Henley,€and€Williams€admitted€that€they€had€drunk€a€considerable€quantity€ofÏbeer€on€the€day€of€the€offense.€€Williams€indicated€that€the€group€had€also€smoked€marijuana.€ÏPeters€denied€that€he€was€intoxicated€on€that€day.€€Henley€and€Williams€conceded€that€they€wereÏintoxicated.Ì< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d""""7Border 1dd€-#Cþÿ << Gÿÿ gÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€!ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóThe€record€does€include€the€pre„sentence€report€pertaining€to€the€appellantððs€son,€JerryÏòòAllenóó€Carter.€€Regardless€of€whether€the€inclusion€of€the€wrong€pre„sentence€report€was€the€faultÏof€the€appellant€or€the€clerk,€it€is€the€duty€of€the€appellant€to€ensure€that€the€record€on€appeal€isÏcomplete.€€òòState€v.€Boringóó,€No.€03C01„9307„CR„00224€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€FebruaryÏ9,€1994);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€24(b).€€The€appellant€could€have€corrected€the€record€pursuant€toÏTenn.€R.€App.€P.€24(e),€but€failed€to€request€any€such€correction.Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€!ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóJerry€Allen€Carterððs€pre„sentence€report,€apparently€inadvertently€included€in€the€record,Ïreflects€that€he€was,€in€fact,€indicted€for€robbery,€in€addition€to€reckless€homicide,€reckless€driving,Ïand€evading€arrest.€Ì'ÿÿdxd —Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€!ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóIn€the€instant€case,€the€trial€court€made€a€general€reference€to€deterrence€in€determiningÏthe€length€of€the€appellantððs€sentence.€€We€simply€note€that€a€finding€of€deterrence€cannot€beÏconclusory,€but€must€be€supported€by€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Dockeryóó,€917€S.W.2d€258,€261Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)(citing€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€170).ÌPtPtHHøHÿöÿòV,(ühhØ hd'0ÿÎÿºF ® (0"ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ  ÒStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€!ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýò òßR€#A1-j|` e `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€KNOXVILLEÌà@ àJULY€SESSION,€1996Ìó óÌÌÌÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEó ó,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€03C01„9603„CC„00102Ìà àAppelleeà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àGREENE€COUNTYÌvs.à àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àHon.€James€E.€Beckner,€JudgeÌò òJERRY€HILBERT€CARTERó ó,à à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à à(Robbery)Ìà àAppellantà àà àà à)ÌÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:ÌÌDouglas€L.€Payneà àà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌ114€South€Main€Streetà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌGreeneville,€TN€€37743à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àRobin€L.€HarrisÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€AttorneyÏGeneralà àà àà àà àà àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493à àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àC.€Berkeley€Bell,€Jr.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àEric€D.€ChristiansenÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à113€J.€West€ChurchÌà àà àà àà àà àà àGreeneville,€TN€€37743ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌÌò òDavid€G.€Hayesó óÌJudgeÇÓÓà@ àò òOPINIONó óÌÌà àThe€appellant,€Jerry€Hilbert€Carter,€was€convicted€by€a€Greene€CountyÏjury€of€robbery,€a€class€C€felony.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„401(b)€(1991).€€TheÏtrial€court€sentenced€the€appellant€as€a€range€I,€standard€offender€to€six€yearsÏconfinement€in€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Correction.€€The€appellant€nowÏchallenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€supporting€his€conviction,€theÏimposition€by€the€trial€court€of€the€maximum€sentence€authorized€by€law,€andÏthe€trial€courtððs€denial€of€an€alternative€sentence.ÌÌà àFollowing€a€review€of€the€record,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà@ àò òFactual€Backgroundó óÌà àThe€appellantððs€case€proceeded€to€trial€on€September€25,€1995.€€At€trial,Ïthe€State€adduced€the€following€evidence.€€On€the€morning€of€April€20,€1995,ÏBobby€Peters€and€the€victim,€John€Pierce,€were€ð ðout€loafering,€goofing€off.ðð€€AtÏtrial,€Peters€explained,€ð ðWe€were€just€out€riding,€trying€to€find€a€place€to€get€offÏthe€road€and€drink€a€few€beers.ðð€€Eventually,€they€decided€to€drive€to€the€homeÏof€James€Williams,€a€former€employer€of€Peters,€where€they€encounteredÏWilliams€and€another€acquaintance,€Willie€ð ðJuniorðð€Hensley.€€Hensley€owned€aÏfour„wheel€drive€vehicle,€ð ða€little€brown€Subaru,ðð€and,€at€approximately€12:00Ïp.m.,€the€four€men€left€the€house€ð ðto€go€up€on€the€mountain€and€go€four„wheeling.ðð€€òòEnóó€òòrouteóó€to€their€destination,€they€purchased€more€beer.ÌÌà àThe€group€drove€to€Chimney€Top€Mountain,€where€they€met€yet€anotherÏacquaintance,€Jerry€Light.€€Peters€joined€Light€in€his€Jeep,€and€the€groupÏcontinued€ð ðfour„wheeling.ðð€€They€arrived€at€a€clearing€in€a€ð ðlogging€area.ðð€€At€thisÏtime,€the€appellant€and€his€son,€Jerry€Allen€Carter,€approached€the€clearingÏfrom€the€opposite€direction.€€According€to€Peters,€upon€arriving€in€the€clearing,Ïthe€appellant€stated,€ð ðI€knowed€some€day€my€day€would€come.ðð€€The€appellantÏapproached€the€victim,€Pierce,€who€was€seated€in€the€backseat€of€HensleyððsÏSubaru.€€The€appellant€demanded€that€the€victim€return€money€owed€to€theÏappellant.€€Peters€recounted€that€the€appellant€then€opened€the€door€to€theÏvehicle€and€ð ðstarted€smacking€around€on€[the€victim],€beating€up€on€him.ðð€€AtÏsome€point,€the€appellant€removed€the€victimððs€shoes€and€socks€and€threw€themÏdown€a€hill.€€According€to€Williams,€the€appellant€believed€that€the€victim€hadÏhidden€money€in€his€socks.€€ÌÌà àPeters€testified€that€the€initial€beating€persisted€for€approximately€twentyÏor€thirty€minutes,€although€Peters€was€uncertain€whether€the€beating€wasÏcontinuous€throughout€this€time€period.€€The€appellant€assaulted€the€victim€ð ð[a]Ïcouple€of€times€while€[the€victim]€was€in€the€car€and€then€he€left€him€alone€for€aÏwhile.€[The€victim]€got€out€of€the€car€and€[the€appellant]€beat€on€him€some€moreÏlater€on.ðð€€Peters€conceded€at€trial€that€he€was€attempting€to€avoid€observing€theÍbeating.€€Indeed,€he€ð ðwent€over€the€hill€to€keep€from€looking.ðð€€Moreover,€inÏorder€to€avoid€witnessing€the€assault,€he€and€the€other€members€of€theÏexcursion€also€raised€the€hood€of€Lightððs€Jeep€and€began€ð ðtinkeringðð€with€theÏmotor.€€Following€the€beating,€the€victim€ð ðlooked€bad.€€He€was€black€and€blueÏand€bleeding€and€his€eyes€was€about€swelled€shut.ðð€€Additionally,€the€recordÏreflects€that,€following€the€appellantððs€assault,€the€appellantððs€son€kicked€theÏvictim,€crushing€the€victimððs€larynx€and€causing€his€death.ÌÌà àAt€some€point,€Peters€observed€the€appellant€searching€through€theÏvictimððs€wallet.€€Finally,€the€appellant€approached€Peters€and€the€rest€of€theÏgroup,€holding€a€five€dollar€bill.€€He€stated,€ð ðIððve€got€$5€on€some€beer.€€I€guessÏthatððs€all€Iððll€ever€get€off€the€s„o„b.ðð€€Williams€similarly€testified€that€the€appellantÏsearched€the€victimððs€wallet:€ð ð[The€appellant]€was€going€through€all€the€papersÏand€everything€and€he€found€a€card€in€there,€a€bank€card,€and€he€wanted€toÏknow€what€the€pin€number€was€on€it.€€He€kept€asking€John€what€it€was€and€JohnÏwouldnððt€tell€him€and€he€said,€ððIððll€be€back€the€first€of€the€month€and€pick€you€upÏand€weððll€go€get€some€money.ðððð€According€to€Williams,€the€appellantÏsubsequently€stated€that€five€dollars€was€probably€the€only€money€he€wouldÏever€obtain€from€the€victim.€€Henley,€during€the€course€of€the€beating,€overheardÏthe€appellant€and€the€victim€arguing€about€money,€but€could€not€recall€anyÍconversation€concerning€a€five€dollar€bill.× ƒ ××  ×ÌÌà àFinally,€John€Huffine,€a€detective€with€the€Greene€County€SheriffððsÏDepartment,€testified€that,€on€the€evening€of€April€20,€1995,€he€received€a€call€toÏinvestigate€an€incident€on€Chimney€Top€Mountain.€€Subsequently,€heÏinterviewed€the€appellant€at€the€sheriffððs€department.€€After€advising€theÏappellant€of€his€constitutional€rights,€Detective€Huffine€obtained€the€followingÏstatement:ÌÓÓà8 àSometime€after€I€fed€my€hogs€this€morning€and€before€I€fed€myÏhogs€this€evening€me€and€my€son€was€in€Penley€Hollow.€€I€sawÏJerry€Light,€Junior€Hensley€and€Dorsey€Penley€and€some€otherÏpeople.€€I€just€went€up€there€riding€around.ÌÌÓÓOn€the€day€of€the€offense,€the€detective€also€photographed€the€appellantððsÏhands,€which€were€considerably€swollen.€€A€photograph€of€the€appellantððs€armÏsimilarly€revealed€a€mark€or€abrasion.ÌÌà àThe€appellant€did€not€testify€at€trial.€€However,€Dorsey€Ray€PenleyÏtestified€on€behalf€of€the€appellant.€€He€stated€that€on€April€20,€1995,€sometimeÏbetween€4:00€p.m.€and€6:00€p.m.,€he€observed€the€appellant€and€the€appellantððsÏson€near€Penleyððs€home,€at€the€bottom€of€Chimney€Top€Mountain.€€TheÍappellant€had€just€ð ðcome€off€the€mountain,ðð€and€did€not€appear€to€be€worried€orÏconcerned.€€The€appellant€and€Penley€discussed€the€appellantððs€plans€toÏpurchase€a€goat€from€Penleyððs€cousin.€€Penley€did€not€notice€any€bruises€orÏabrasions€on€the€appellantððs€hands€or€arms,€but€conceded€that€his€attention€wasÏfocused€elsewhere.€€He€did€notice€that€the€appellant€and€his€son€had€beenÏdrinking.ÌÌà àRobert€Frank€Penley€testified.€€He€also€encountered€the€appellant€in€theÏevening€of€April€20,€after€the€appellant€and€his€son€drove€down€from€ChimneyÏTop€Mountain.€€Penley€confirmed€that€he€spoke€with€the€appellant€concerningÏthe€purchase€of€a€goat€and€did€not€observe€anything€unusual€in€the€appellantððsÏbehavior.ÌÌà àFinally,€Brenda€Carter,€the€appellantððs€wife,€testified€that€her€husband€isÏcurrently€a€farmer.€€She€further€stated€that,€due€to€injuries€suffered€while€theÏappellant€was€employed€by€the€logging€industry,€his€hands€are€frequentlyÏswollen.ÌÌà àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€trial,€the€jury€found€the€appellant€guilty€of€robbery.€ÏThe€trial€court€immediately€conducted€a€sentencing€hearing.€€The€State€reliedÏupon€the€evidence€adduced€at€trial€and€the€pre„sentence€report.€€The€appellantÏintroduced€the€testimony€of€Robert€W.€Susong,€a€loan€officer€at€Greene€CountyÍBank.€€Mr.€Susong€testified€that€the€appellant€has€been€a€customer€of€the€bankÏsince€1974€and€has€always€met€his€financial€obligations.€€He€further€stated€that,Ïif€the€appellant€were€unable€to€make€his€payments€on€his€current€loans,€theÏbank€would€repossess€the€appellantððs€farm€equipment.€€Paul€Guthrie,€a€friend€ofÏthe€appellant,€testified€that€he€had€known€the€appellant€for€approximately€sevenÏyears.€€During€the€seven€years,€the€appellant€was€ð ðalways€willing€to€helpÏœ[Guthrie].ð𛀀Moreover,€Guthrie€believed€the€appellant€to€be€honest.€€He€assertedÏthat,€generally,€the€appellant€enjoyed€a€good€reputation€in€the€community.ÌÌà àIn€sentencing€the€appellant€to€six€years€confinement€in€the€Department€ofÏCorrection,€the€trial€court€found€the€following€enhancement€factors:ÌÓÓà8 à(1)à8 àThe€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminalÏconvictions€or€criminal€behavior;Ìà8 à(2)à8 àThe€defendant€was€a€leader€in€the€commission€of€anÏoffense€involving€two€or€more€criminal€actors;Ìà8 à(4)à8 àA€victim€of€the€offense€was€particularly€vulnerableÏbecause€of€...€physical€or€mental€disability;Ìà8 à(5)à8 àThe€defendant€treated€or€allowed€a€victim€to€beÏtreated€with€exceptional€cruelty€during€theÏcommission€of€the€offense;Ìà8 à(6)à8 àThe€personal€injuries€inflicted€upon€...€the€victim€wasÏparticularly€great;Ìà8 à(10)à8 àThe€defendant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€aÏcrime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high.ÌÌÓÓTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114€(1995€Supp.).€€With€respect€to€mitigating€factors,Ïthe€trial€court€concluded,€ð ðAfter€considering€this€case€very€long€and€hard,€...€I€doÏnot€believe€that€any€are€fairly€raised.ðð€€The€trial€court€then€denied€the€appellantÍan€alternative€sentence,€relying€primarily€upon€the€seriousness€of€the€offenseÏand€deterrence.€ÌÌà@ àò òAnalysisó óÌò òa.à8 àSufficiency€of€the€Evidenceó óÌà àFirst,€the€appellant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€supportingÏthe€juryððs€verdict.€€A€jury€conviction€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€withÏwhich€a€defendant€is€initially€cloaked€and€replaces€it€with€one€of€guilt,€so€that€onÏappeal€a€convicted€defendant€has€the€burden€of€demonstrating€that€theÏevidence€is€insufficient.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€ÏThe€defendant€must€establish€that€the€evidence€presented€at€trial€was€soÏdeficient€that€no€"reasonable€trier€of€fact"€could€have€found€the€essentialÏelements€of€the€offense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443ÏU.S.€307,€319,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979);€òòState€v.€Cazesóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,Ï259€(Tenn.€1994),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€òò€€€óó€U.S.€òò€€€óó,€115€S.Ct.€743€(1995);€€Tenn.€R.€App.ÏP.€13(e).€€This€rule€is€applicable€to€findings€of€guilt€based€upon€direct€evidence,Ïcircumstantial€evidence,€or€a€combination€of€the€two.€€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805ÏS.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€Accordingly,€this€court€may€notÏsubstitute€its€inferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€trier€of€fact€from€circumstantialÏevidence.€€òòState€v.€Boydóó,€925€S.W.2d€237,€242€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995),€òòperm.Ïto€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1996)(citing€òòLiakas€v.€Stateóó,€286€S.W.2d€856,€859Ï(Tenn.€1956)).ÌÌà àIn€other€words,€the€State€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€theÏevidence€and€all€reasonable€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòStateÏv.€Williamsóó,€657€S.W.2d€405,€410€(Tenn.€1983).€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Harrisóó,€839ÏS.W.2d€54,€75€(Tenn.€1992).€€An€appellate€court€may€neither€reweigh€norÏreevaluate€the€evidence€when€determining€its€sufficiency.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,Ï571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€Questions€concerning€the€credibility€ofÏwitnesses€and€the€weight€and€value€to€be€given€the€evidence,€as€well€as€allÏfactual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence,€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€and€notÏthe€appellate€courts.€€òòState€v.€Pruettóó,€788€S.W.2d€559,€561€(Tenn.€1990).€€"A€juryÏverdict€approved€by€the€trial€judge€accredits€the€testimony€of€the€witnesses€forÏthe€State€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€State's€theory."€€òòWilliamsóó,€657ÏS.W.2d€at€410.€ÌÌà àIn€order€to€obtain€a€conviction€in€the€instant€case,€the€State€was€requiredÏto€prove€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€(1)€the€intentional€or€knowing€theft€ofÏproperty€from€the€person€of€another€(2)€by€violence€or€putting€the€person€in€fear.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„401(a).€€Viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€mostÏfavorable€to€the€State,€the€record€establishes€that€the€appellant€brutally€beat€theÏvictim€in€an€effort€to€obtain€money€allegedly€owed€to€the€appellant€by€the€victim.€ÏTwo€witnesses,€Peters€and€Williams,€saw€the€appellant€searching€through€theÏvictimððs€wallet.€€Thereafter,€Peters€observed€the€appellant€holding€a€five€dollarÍbill,€and€he€and€Williams€overheard€the€appellant€remark€that€five€dollars€wasÏprobably€the€only€money€the€appellant€would€ever€obtain€from€the€victim.€€WhileÏnone€of€the€witnesses€observed€the€appellant€remove€the€money€from€theÏwallet,€a€defendantððs€guilt€may€be€proven€by€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòState€v.ÏAdamsóó,€916€S.W.2d€471,€476€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)(citing€òòMarable€v.€Stateóó,Ï313€S.W.2d€451,€456„457€(Tenn.€1958).€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌò òb.à8 àSentencingó óÌà àThe€appellant€next€challenges€the€trial€courtððs€imposition€of€a€sentence€ofÏsix€years€confinement€in€the€Department€of€Correction€and€the€trial€courtððsÏdenial€of€an€alternative€sentence.€€Review,€by€this€court,€of€the€length€or€mannerÏof€service€of€a€sentence€is€òòde€novoóó€with€a€presumption€that€the€determinationÏmade€by€the€trial€court€is€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)€(1990).€€ThisÏpresumption€only€applies,€however,€if€the€record€demonstrates€that€the€trialÏcourt€properly€considered€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€andÏcircumstances.€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€If€the€trialÏcourt€applies€inappropriate€factors€or€otherwise€fails€to€comply€with€the€1989ÏSentencing€Act,€the€presumption€of€correctness€falls.€€òòState€v.€Sheltonóó,€854ÏS.W.2d€116,€123€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).€€For€reasons€subsequently€set€forthÏin€this€opinion,€the€presumption€of€correctness€does€not€accompany€the€trialÏcourtððs€sentencing€determination.ÌÌÌà àNevertheless,€the€appellant€bears€the€burden€of€establishing€that€theÏsentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court€is€erroneous.€€òòState€v.€Leeóó,€No.€03C01„9308„CR„00275€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€April€4,€1995).€€In€determiningÏwhether€the€appellant€has€met€this€burden,€this€court€must€consider€the€factorsÏlisted€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(b)(1990)€and€the€sentencing€principlesÏdescribed€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„102€(1995€Supp.)€and€ðð€40„35„103Ï(1990).ÌÌà àMoreover,€with€respect€to€the€length€of€a€sentence,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ40„35„210€provides€that€the€minimum€sentence€within€the€appropriate€range€isÏthe€presumptive€sentence.€€If€there€are€enhancing€and€mitigating€factors,€theÏcourt€must€start€at€the€minimum€sentence€in€the€range€and€enhance€theÏsentence€as€appropriate€for€the€enhancement€factors€and€then€reduce€theÏsentence€within€the€range€as€appropriate€for€the€mitigating€factors.€€òòIdóó.€€If€thereÏare€no€mitigating€factors,€the€court€may€set€the€sentence€above€the€minimum€inÏthat€range,€but€still€within€the€range.€€òòIdóó.€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Diesóó,€829€S.W.2dÏ706,€710€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€€"[T]here€is€no€particular€value€assigned€byÏthe€1989€Sentencing€Act€to€the€various€factors€and€the€'weight€affordedÏmitigating€or€enhancement€factors€derives€from€balancing€relative€degrees€ofÏculpability€within€the€totality€of€the€circumstances€of€the€case€involved.'"€€òòState€v.ÏMarshallóó,€870€S.W.2d€532,€541€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993)(citation€omitted).ÌÌà àThe€trial€court€imposed€the€maximum€sentence€authorized€by€law.€€òòSeeóóÏ40„35„112(a)(3)€(1990)(the€applicable€sentencing€range€is€not€less€than€threeÏyears€nor€more€than€six€years).€€The€appellant€now€contends€that€the€trial€courtÏerroneously€relied€upon€six€enhancement€factors.€€Initially,€we€note€that€we€areÏunable€to€review€the€trial€courtððs€application€of€enhancement€factor€(1),Ïconcerning€the€appellantððs€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€or€criminalÏbehavior,€as€the€appellantððs€pre„sentence€report€has€not€been€included€in€theÏrecord.× ƒ' ××  ×€€It€is€the€appellant's€duty€to€ensure€that€the€record€on€appeal€containsÏall€of€the€evidence€relevant€to€those€issues€that€are€the€bases€of€appeal,Ïincluding€evidence€considered€by€the€trial€court€in€setting€a€sentence.€€òòBoringóó,ÏNo.€03C01„9307„CR„00224;€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€24(b).€€"In€the€absence€of€anÏadequate€record€on€appeal,€this€court€must€[conclusively]€presume€that€the€trialÏcourt's€rulings€were€supported€by€sufficient€evidence."€€òòState€v.€Oodyóó,€823ÏS.W.2d€554,€559€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Banesóó,€874ÏS.W.2d€73,€82€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993);€òòBoringóó,€No.€03C01„9307„CR„00224.€€€ÏTherefore,€we€must€presume€that€the€trial€judge's€assessment€of€the€appellant'sÏcriminal€history€is€accurate.€€In€any€event,€the€trial€court€afforded€enhancementÍfactor€(1)€little€weight.ÌÌà àWith€respect€to€enhancement€factor€(2),€that€the€appellant€was€the€leaderÏin€the€commission€of€an€offense€involving€two€or€more€criminal€actors,€theÏappellant€contends€that€ð ð[t]here€is€no€evidence€in€the€record€to€conclude€thatÏ[the€appellant]€was€leading€...€any€other€party€to€participate€in€the€attack€on€theÏvictim.ðð€€The€evidence€adduced€at€trial€only€established€that€the€appellantððs€son,ÏJerry€Allen€Carter,€accompanied€the€appellant€to€the€scene€of€the€offense.€€AtÏthe€sentencing€hearing,€the€prosecutor€informed€the€trial€court€that€theÏappellantððs€son€was€pleading€guilty€to€the€reckless€homicide€of€the€victim.€ÏHowever,€he€was€unsure€whether€ð ðAllenðð€Carter€would€also€plead€guilty€to€theÏrobbery.× ƒ( ××  ×€€It€was€undisputed€at€the€sentencing€hearing€that,€immediatelyÏfollowing€the€appellantððs€assault€and€robbery,€his€son€kicked€the€victim,Ïcrushing€his€larynx.€€The€prosecutor€conceded,€however,€that€there€was€noÏevidence€that€the€appellantððs€son€had€actively€participated€in€the€assault€orÏrobbery€before€fatally€kicking€the€victim.€€However,€the€prosecutor€indicated€thatÏthe€Stateððs€witnesses€at€trial€could€have€testified€that€the€appellantððs€son€wasÏð ðguarding€his€daddyððs€backðð€during€the€appellantððs€assault€and€robbery€of€theÏvictim.€€ÌÌÌà àThe€trial€court€afforded€considerable€weight€to€this€enhancement€factor,Ïnoting€ð ðthe€fact€that€during€the€course€of€this€violence€upon€the€victim€he€wasÏbeaten€to€a€pulp€...€beaten€senseless€and€he€truly€was€from€all€the€evidence€inÏthe€case.€€And€there€were€two€people€involved€in€that,€[the€appellant]€and€JerryÏAllen€Carter.ðð€€Thus,€the€trial€court€appears€to€have€concluded€that€the€appellantÏwas€the€leader€in€the€commission€of€an€assault.€€However,€the€relevant€offenseÏis€the€òòrobberyóó.€€Other€than€the€prosecutorððs€statements€at€the€sentencingÏhearing,€the€evidence€supporting€the€participation€of€two€criminal€actors€in€theÏrobbery€of€the€victim€includes€Allen€Carterððs€presence€at€the€scene€of€theÏoffense,€his€assault€of€the€victim€following€his€fatherððs€assault€and€robbery,€andÏhis€indictment€for€òòbothóó€the€robbery€and€reckless€homicide€of€the€victim.€€WeÏconclude€that€the€trial€court€erroneously€applied€this€factor.ÌÌà àð ðApplication€of€[enhancement€factor€(2)]€contemplates€one€offenseÏinvolving€two€or€more€actors.ðð€€òòState€v.€Whiteóó,€No.€02C01„9402„CC„00024Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Jackson,€October€5,€1994),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.Ï1995).€€However,€the€mere€fact€that€a€defendant€was€accompanied€to€the€sceneÏof€his€offense€by€one€who€committed€a€separate€crime€does€not€trigger€thisÏenhancement€factor.€There€is€no€evidence€in€the€record€before€us€that€theÏappellant€needed€his€sonððs€assistance€to€commit€the€robbery€or,€in€fact,Íreceived€such€assistance.€ÌÌà àThe€appellant€also€challenges€the€trial€courtððs€reliance€uponÏenhancement€factor€(4),€concerning€the€victimððs€vulnerability€due€to€a€physicalÏor€mental€disability.€€The€trial€court€found€that€the€victimððs€intoxication€renderedÏhim€particularly€vulnerable.€€Generally,€this€factor€may€be€applied€when€theÏvictim€is€severely€intoxicated.€€òòState€v.€Rhodesóó,€No.€02C01„9406„CC„00124Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Jackson),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1995).€€òòSee€alsoóóÏòòState€v.€Burnsóó,€No.€03C01„9406„CR„00208€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€JuneÏ2,€1995)(that€the€victim€was€intoxicated,€never€fought€back,€and€continued€toÏapologize€throughout€the€beating€would€indicate€that€the€victim€was€particularlyÏvulnerable€due€to€a€physical€disability);€òòState€v.€Milleróó,€No.€01C01„9309„CR„00329€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.Ï1994)(this€enhancement€factor€was€applicable€when€tests€indicated€that€theÏvictimððs€blood€alcohol€content€was€.22€percent€and€a€pathologist€related€howÏthis€degree€of€intoxication€would€affect€a€person).€€The€record€before€the€courtÏindicates€that,€on€the€day€of€the€offense,€the€victim€and€his€companions€hadÏbeen€drinking€heavily€since€the€early€morning.€€Indeed,€at€some€point,€the€victimÏwas€drinking€quarts€of€malt€liquor.€€The€record€further€supports€an€inference€thatÏthe€victim€did€not€physically€resist€the€appellantððs€assault.€€Although€the€victimÏwas€savagely€beaten,€the€appellant€suffered€no€injuries€other€than€swollenÏhands€and€a€small€mark€or€abrasion€on€one€arm.€€The€record€supports€theÍapplication€of€this€enhancement€factor.ÌÌà àIn€any€event,€assuming€that€the€trial€court€erroneously€consideredÏenhancement€factor€(4),€we€conclude€that€the€record€supports€the€remainingÏfactors.€€These€factors€alone€would€justify€the€appellantððs€sentence€of€six€years,Ïoutweighing€the€mitigating€evidence€presented€by€the€appellant€at€theÏsentencing€hearing.€€With€respect€to€enhancement€factor€(5),€the€appellantÏunquestionably€treated€the€victim€with€exceptional€cruelty€during€theÏcommission€of€the€robbery.€€We€acknowledge€that,€when€applyingÏenhancement€factor€(5),€the€trial€court€should€state€what€actions€of€theÏdefendant,€apart€from€the€elements€of€the€offense,€constituted€exceptionalÏcruelty.€€òòState€v.€Hillóó,€No.€03C01„9508„CR„00230€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,ÏJune€7,€1996),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1997)(citing€òòState€v.€Goodwinóó,Ï909€S.W.2d€35,€45„46€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)).€€However,€we€agree€with€theÏtrial€court€that€ð ð[t]he€facts€and€circumstances€[of€this€case]€speak€loudly€to€that.ðð€ÏCertainly€the€savagery€of€the€beating€in€this€case€far€exceeded€any€violenceÏnecessary€to€accomplish€the€robbery.€€Moreover,€regarding€enhancement€factorÏ(6),€the€record€clearly€reflects€that€the€victim,€even€prior€to€the€fatal€kick€by€theÏappellantððs€son,€suffered€particularly€great€personal€injuries.€€Finally,€this€courtÏhas€held€that€enhancement€factor€(10),€concerning€a€high€risk€to€human€life,€isÏnot€an€essential€element€of€the€offense€of€robbery€and€may€be€applied€underÏcertain€factual€circumstances.€€òòState€v.€Highóó,€No.€02C01„9312„CR„00275€(Tenn.ÍCrim.€App.€at€Jackson,€October€12,€1994).€€We€believe€the€circumstances€of€thisÏoffense€overwhelmingly€support€the€application€of€this€factor.€€Contrary€to€theÏappellantððs€characterization€in€his€brief€of€his€conduct,€the€appellant€did€far€moreÏthan€ð ðhit[]€someone€in€the€face€while€sitting€in€a€car€...€.ðð€€ÌÌà àAccordingly,€we€reject€the€appellantððs€challenge€to€the€length€of€hisÏsentence.€€We€also€conclude€that€he€is€not€entitled€to€an€alternative€sentence.€ÏBriefly,€we€agree€that,€despite€the€presumption€in€favor€of€an€alternativeÏsentence,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„102€(6),€confinement€of€the€appellant€isÏnecessary€to€avoid€depreciating€the€seriousness€of€the€offense.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„103(1)(B).× ƒ+ ××  ×ÌÓÓà8 àIn€order€to€deny€an€alternative€sentence€based€on€the€seriousnessÏof€the€offense,€"the€circumstances€of€the€offense€as€committedÏmust€be€especially€violent,€horrifying,€shocking,€reprehensible,Ïoffensive,€or€otherwise€of€an€excessive€or€exaggerated€degree,"Ïand€the€nature€of€the€offense€must€outweigh€all€factors€favoring€aÏsentence€other€than€confinement.ÌÓÓÌòòState€v.€Binghamóó,€910€S.W.2d€448,€454€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperm.€to€appealÏdeniedóó,€(Tenn.€1995)(citing€òòState€v.€Hartleyóó,€818€S.W.2d€370,€374„375€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1991)).€€The€circumstances€of€this€offense€amply€satisfy€thisÏstandard.ÌÌà àWe€therefore€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€œcourt.Ì›œÌ›œÌ›ÓÓœà à›œà à›œà à›œà à›œà à›œ____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JudgeÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ_____________________________________ÌJOE€B.€JONES,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÌ_____________________________________ÌWILLIAM€M.€DENDER,€Special€Judge›