ÿWPC …# VU>a %Ÿ 0í¥UB’ 4Ô è n­÷ U:¤ Þ w@æ 0J& 0Tp 0^Ä 0h" 0rŠ 0|ü 0†x 0þ 1uŽ 0dU6gU.U*ËB)õDC Ba AM~jËf5v~› D3vÓL 0@ AO_Æ® 0Dt D/¸ Bç˜HP LaserJet 4HPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLlÎ<èÀ( 9Z &Courier RegularX(ÅÕÐ$¡¡Ñ  ÑÑ7€'CXXdÈXXdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXiÓ<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiÚƒç"3|xÒ«<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉJQX@,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular ¾D¿eÀ£ÁDÂÃÄDÅÆUÇÓ€2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Courier New< Œ 9p`(Courier< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d####7Border 1dd d€-$Cþÿ << Gÿÿ `Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÓ` °˜XÓÝ  ÝÔ€"ÔÔ€"ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€"XÔÌÌò òJuly€30,€1997ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€"ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó \Ñ\R AØ'\ÑPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'h%%%%'ÿÿdxdStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ ÔÑ  ÑÑ#€!!Xd#ÑÑ#€!!Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÓ` °˜XÓÝ  Ý›Ñ  ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€"ÔÑ7€ |Î XXdæXXdÈ7ќـ€ÙßR€&'$A1-j|` Å `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌ€à8 àà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€KNOXVILLEà@ à€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€MAY€1997€SESSIONÌÌÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à)à àÌ€à àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellee,€à àà à)à àNo.€03C01„9608„CR„00318Ìà à€€€€€à àà à€€à à)Ìà àà àà àà à)à àHawkins€CountyÌv.à àà àà àà à)€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà à)à à€Honorable€James€E.€Beckner,€Judge€Ìà àà àà àà à)ÌTIMMY€LYNN€CASTLE,à à€€€à à)à à€(Sentencing)Ìà àà àà àà à)€€€€€€€€Ìà àAppellant.à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:ÌÌGreg€W.€Eichelmanà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àAttorney€General€of€TennesseeÌ€€€€€andà àà àà àà àà àà àandà àà àà àà àÌR.€Russell€Mattocksà àà àà àGeorgia€Blythe€FelnerÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€General€of€Tennessee€Ï1609€College€Park€Drive,€Box€11à àà à450€James€Robertson€Parkwayà àà àÌMorristown,€TN€37813„1618à àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àC.€Berkeley€Bell,€Jr.Ìà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà à113J€W.€Church€StreetÌà àà àà àà àà àGreeneville,€TN€37743Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àandÌà àà àà àà àà àDouglas€GodbeeÌà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àHawkins€County€CourthouseÌà àà àà àà àà àRogersville,€TN€37857ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:____________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌJoseph€M.€TiptonÌJudgeÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÓÓà@ àòòò òO€P€I€N€I€O€NÌÌÓ  Óà àóóó óThe€defendant,€Timmy€Lynn€Castle,€was€convicted€by€a€jury€in€theÏHawkins€County€Criminal€Court€for€driving€without€a€valid€driverððs€license,€a€Class€BÏmisdemeanor.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€to€six€months€in€the€county€jailÏto€serve€seventy„five€percent€before€being€eligible€for€release.€€The€trial€court€alsoÏimposed€a€fine€of€five€hundred€dollars.€€In€this€appeal€as€of€right,€the€defendantÏcontends€that€the€trial€court€improperly€considered€enhancement€and€mitigating€factorsÏin€sentencing€him€to€the€maximum€sentence.€€We€disagree€and€affirm€the€trial€courtððsÏjudgment€of€conviction.ÌÌà àThe€proof€at€trial€showed€that€the€defendant€was€stopped€by€Officer€ChrisÏJones€of€the€Mount€Carmel€Police€Department€on€November€3,€1995,€for€speeding.€ÏThe€defendant€was€driving€sixty„one€miles€per€hour€in€a€forty„five„miles„per„hourÏspeed€zone.€€The€defendant€did€not€have€a€driverððs€license€in€his€possession.€€OfficerÏJonesðð€check€of€the€defendantððs€driving€history€revealed€that€the€defendant€did€notÏhave€a€valid€driverððs€license.€€The€defendant€admitted€at€trial€that€he€understood€that€itÏwas€against€the€law€to€drive€without€a€driverððs€license€but€that€he€never€took€the€test€toÏobtain€a€license€and€drove€anyway.ÌÌà àThe€specific€data€report€reflects€that€the€defendant€has€six€priorÏconvictions€for€offenses€including€driving€on€a€revoked€or€suspended€license€andÏdriving€without€a€valid€driverððs€licence.€€The€defendantððs€prior€criminal€history€alsoÏincludes€convictions€for€public€intoxication,€possession€of€marijuana,€driving€under€theÏinfluence,€leaving€the€scene€of€an€accident,€several€traffic€violations,€and€seven€countsÏof€burglary.€€The€defendant€also€has€convictions€as€a€juvenile€for€criminal€trespass.€ÏThe€report€also€shows€that,€while€on€probation,€the€defendant€committed€the€offensesÏof€speeding€and€driving€on€a€suspended€license€in€April€1992€and€the€offenses€ofÏfailing€to€yield€and€driving€on€a€revoked€license€in€November€1994.€€Also,€theÏdefendant€was€charged€and€convicted€of€driving€on€a€revoked€license€while€on€bondÍfor€the€present€case.€€The€report€further€states€that€the€defendant€has€a€history€ofÏalcohol€abuse.ÌÌà àIn€sentencing€the€defendant€to€the€maximum€sentence€of€six€months€inÏthe€county€jail€with€a€seventy„five€percent€release€eligibility,€the€trial€court€consideredÏthree€enhancement€factors€and€determined€that€each€should€be€given€great€weight:ÌÓÓœ›à8 à(1)€the€defendant€has€a€œprevious›€history€of€criminalÏconvictions€or€criminal€behavior;ÌÌà8 à(2)€the€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€unwillingness€toÏcomply€with€the€conditions€of€a€sentence€involving€releaseÏin€the€community;€and€ÌÌà8 à(3)€the€crime€was€committed€under€circumstances€underÏwhich€the€potential€for€bodily€injury€to€a€victim€was€great.ÌÌòòÓÓÓ  ÓSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(1),€(8)€and€(16).€€In€applying€factor€(16),€the€trial€court€stated:ÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 àCertainly€you€can€drive€without€a€valid€license,€withoutÏspeeding;€but€when€you€add€speeding€to€it,€it€certainlyÏcreates€a€danger€to€people€on€the€highway.€€And€speedingÏis€probably€one€of€the€greatest€cause[s]€of€death€and€injuryÏthat€we€have€in€this€country€.€.€.€.ÌÌÓÓÓ  ÓThe€trial€court€found€that€no€mitigating€factors€applied.€€In€its€decision,€the€trial€courtÏstated€that€it€considered€the€sentencing€purposes€and€principles€under€the€act€andÏfound€the€defendantððs€lack€of€potential€for€rehabilitation€to€be€a€significant€factor€in€itsÏdecision€to€deny€alternative€sentencing€and€to€impose€the€maximum€sentence.€€TheÏcourt€stated€that€it€denied€probation€because€of€the€defendantððs€prior€criminal€record,Ïhis€inability€to€abide€by€conditions€of€release,€and€his€commission€of€offenses€while€onÍbond€for€the€present€offense.€€It€also€noted€that€the€defendant€had€been€œgiven›€manyÏopportunities€to€change€but€had€continued€to€violate€the€law.€€€ÌÌà àAppellate€review€of€sentencing€is€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€on€the€record€with€aÏpresumption€that€the€trial€court's€determinations€are€correct.€€T.C.A.€ðððð€40„35„401(d)Ïand€„402(d).€€As€the€Sentencing€Commission€Comments€to€these€sections€note,€theÏburden€is€now€on€the€appealing€party€to€show€that€the€sentencing€is€improper.€€ThisÏmeans€that€if€the€trial€court€followed€the€statutory€sentencing€procedure,€made€findingsÏof€fact€that€are€adequately€supported€in€the€record,€and€gave€due€consideration€andÏproper€weight€to€the€factors€and€principles€that€are€relevant€to€sentencing€under€theÏ1989€Sentencing€Act,€we€may€not€disturb€the€sentence€even€if€a€different€result€wereÏpreferred.€€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805€S.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).ÌÌà àHowever,€"the€presumption€of€correctness€which€accompanies€the€trialÏcourt's€action€is€conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trialÏcourt€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances."€ÏòòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€In€this€respect,€for€the€purpose€ofÏmeaningful€appellate€review,€ÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 àthe€trial€court€must€place€on€the€record€its€reasons€forÏarriving€at€the€final€sentencing€decision,€identify€theÏmitigating€and€enhancement€factors€found,€state€the€specificÏfacts€supporting€each€enhancement€factor€found,€andÏarticulate€how€the€mitigating€and€enhancement€factors€haveÍbeen€evaluated€and€balanced€in€determining€the€sentence.ÏT.C.A.€ðððð€40„35„210(f)€(1990).€€ÌÌòòState€v.€Jonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597,€599€(Tenn.€1995).ÌÌà àÌÌÓÓÓ  Óà àAlso,€in€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review,€we€must€consider€(1)€the€evidence,Ïif€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€sentencing€hearing,€(2)€the€presentence€report,€(3)€theÏprinciples€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives,€(4)€the€natureÏand€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conduct,€(5)€any€mitigating€or€statutory€enhancementÏfactors,€(6)€any€statement€that€the€defendant€made€on€his€own€behalf€and€(7)€theÏpotential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€T.C.A.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103€and€„210;€òòseeóóÏòòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€168;€òòState€v.€Mossóó,€727€S.W.2d€229€(Tenn.€1986).€ÌÌà àIn€misdemeanor€sentencing,€a€separate€sentencing€hearing€is€notÏmandatory,€but€the€trial€court€is€required€to€allow€the€parties€a€reasonable€opportunityÏto€be€heard€on€the€question€of€length€of€the€sentence€and€the€manner€in€which€it€is€toÏbe€served.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„302(a);€òòState€v.€Palmeróó,€902€S.W.2d€391,€393€(Tenn.€1995).€ÏThe€sentence€must€be€specific€and€consistent€with€the€purposes€and€principles€of€theÏCriminal€Sentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„302(b);€òòPalmeróó,€902€S.W.2dÏat€393.€€A€percentage€of€not€greater€than€seventy„five€percent€of€the€sentence€shouldÏbe€fixed€for€service,€after€which€the€defendant€becomes€eligible€for€ð ðwork€release,Ïfurlough,€trusty€status€and€related€rehabilitative€programs.ðð€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„302(b).€€ÌÌà àThe€misdemeanant,€unlike€the€felon,€is€not€entitled€to€the€presumption€ofÏa€minimum€sentence,€òòState€v.€Creasyóó,€885€S.W.2d€829,€832€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994),Ïalthough€the€sentence€imposed€should€be€the€least€severe€measure€necessary€toÏachieve€the€sentencing€purpose.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„103(4).€€However,€inÏdetermining€the€percentage€of€the€sentence€to€be€served€in€actual€confinement,€theÏcourt€must€consider€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors€as€well€as€the€purposes€andÏprinciples€of€the€Criminal€Sentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„302(d);ÏòòPalmeróó,€902€S.W.2d€at€393.€€The€court€should€not€impose€such€percentages€arbitrarily.€ÏT.C.A.€ðð€40„35„302(d).€€€€ÌÌà àOn€appeal,€the€defendant€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erroneously€appliedÏenhancement€factors€in€its€sentencing€decision.€€Although€he€admits€that€factor€(1)Ïapplies€to€some€degree,€he€contends€that€the€extent€of€the€convictions€and€the€natureÏof€the€offenses€do€not€warrant€the€weight€given€to€the€factor€by€the€trial€court.€€However,Ïthe€weight€to€be€afforded€an€existing€factor€is€left€to€the€trial€courtððs€discretion€as€longÏas€it€complies€with€the€purposes€and€principles€of€the€1989€Sentencing€Act€and€itsÏfindings€are€adequately€supported€by€the€record.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210,€SentencingÏCommission€Comments;€€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169;€òòMossóó,€727€S.W.2d€at€237.€€TheÏproof€shows€that€the€defendant€has€at€least€six€convictions€relating€to€his€drivingÏwithout€a€license.€€He€also€has€several€other€convictions€for€driving„related€offenses€asÍwell€as€felony€convictions€for€seven€counts€of€burglary.€€The€trial€courtððs€application€ofÏthe€factor€and€its€decision€to€give€it€great€weight€are€overwhelmingly€supported€by€theÏrecord€in€this€case.ÌÌà àThe€defendant€also€claims€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€considering€factorÏ(8),€a€previous€history€of€unwillingness€to€comply€with€conditions€of€a€sentenceÏinvolving€release€into€the€community.€€We€disagree.€€The€evidence€shows€that€theÏdefendant€committed€at€least€four€driving„related€offenses€while€on€probation.€ÏMoreover,€a€thirty„day€sentence€imposed€in€1991€was€suspended€upon€condition€thatÏhe€apply€for€a€driverððs€license.€€However,€the€defendant€testified€at€the€trial€that€he€hadÏnever€taken€the€test€for€his€driverððs€license.€€Under€these€circumstances,€we€hold€thatÏfactor€(8)€applied€and€that€the€trial€court€was€entitled€to€give€it€substantial€weight.ÌÌà àNext,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€record€does€not€support€theÏapplication€of€factor€(16),€the€commission€of€the€crime€under€circumstances€underÏwhich€the€potential€for€bodily€injury€to€a€victim€œis›€great.€€We€are€inclined€to€agree€underÏthe€circumstances€in€this€case.€€Officer€Jones€testified€that€he€observed€the€defendantÏdriving€sixteen€miles€over€a€forty„five€mile€speed€limit.€€However,€he€admitted€that€heÏdid€not€observe€any€other€problem€with€the€defendantððs€driving.€€Also,€there€was€noÏevidence€that€there€were€any€other€cars€on€the€road€at€the€time€of€the€offense.€€We€doÏnot€believe€that€speeding,€alone,€warrants€the€factorððs€application€in€the€context€of€thisÑ€(ÑÇcase.€€Other€than€through€mere€speculation,€there€are€insufficient€facts€to€demonstrateÏthat€a€great€potential€for€bodily€injury€to€a€ð ðvictimðð€resulted€from€the€defendantððs€drivingÏwithout€a€license.€€Therefore,€the€trial€court€should€not€have€considered€factor€(16)€inÏits€sentencing€decision.ÌÌà àThe€defendant€also€claims€that€the€trial€court€should€have€considered€hisÏcooperation€and€admission€of€guilt€as€an€applicable€mitigating€factor.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„113(13).€€As€the€state€correctly€points€out,€though,€the€defendant€pled€not€guilty€toÏthe€crime€and€demanded€a€jury€trial.€€In€any€event,€the€fact€that€he€admitted€in€hisÏtestimony€that€he€drove€without€a€license€is€insignificant€in€the€context€of€his€testimonyÏthat€he€never€applied€for,€or€had,€a€driverððs€license.€ÌÌà àDespite€the€trial€courtððs€inappropriate€use€of€factor€(16),€the€otherÏapplicable€enhancement€factors€justify€the€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court€underÏthe€circumstances€presented€in€this€case.€€In€fact,€the€record€indicates€that€theÏdefendantððs€low€potential€for€rehabilitation€borders€on€incorrigibility.€€For€theseÏreasons,€we€hold€that€the€defendant€has€failed€to€establish€that€the€sentence€imposedÏby€the€trial€court€was€improper.ÌÌà àIn€consideration€of€the€foregoing€and€the€record€as€a€whole,€the€judgmentÏof€conviction€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.Ìà àÌòòÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àóóJoseph€M.€Tipton,€Judge€Ì̛̜œÌ›œÌ›œÌ›œÌ›œÌ›ÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌóóJoe€B.€Jones,€Presiding€Judge€ÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌóóCurwood€Witt,€JudgeÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€