ÿWPCÎ %# U:! %[ 0(aw@‰4ÉÝì 0ˆô 0D| 0JÀ 0T  0^^ 0h¼ 0r$ 0|– 0† 0˜ 1u( 0dU* 5+ v~` vÓÞ B±˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLHÎ, øð AZ‹"Arial RegularX($¡¡ ¤D¥¨©DªU«D¬±²D³Päzz!3|x³(8(2«ˆ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ€°ÒÒX°Òà Ø àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Arial +Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ € ÒÒ X Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝIn€addition,€appellantððs€consecutive€sentences€may€be€sustained€underÏà àTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„115(a)(2).€€Appellantððs€criminalÏrecord€is€clearly€extensive.€€As€noted€above,€his€first€conviction€was€at€nine€(9)€yearsÏof€age€and€the€presentence€report€reflects€a€total€of€ten€(10)€prior€convictions.€€Due€toÏappellantððs€relatively€young€age€(19)€at€the€time€of€these€offenses€and€his€longÏcriminal€record,€this€factor€is€supported€by€the€record.€€In€this€holding,€we€recognizeÏthat€it€is€entirely€proper€to€consider€juvenile€offenses€in€this€application.€€òòState€v.ÏAdamsóó,€864€S.W.2d€31,€34€(Tenn.€1993).ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò dÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÝ  Ý›Ñ  ÑÑ € ÑÒ € ÒÒ ° ÒÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7€ïXXdædÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÞ ÞÌà@ àòòIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌóóÌà@ àòòAT€JACKSONóóÌÌà@ à€AUGUST€1996€SESSIONÌÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)à àNo.€02C01„9510„CR„00304Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppelleeà àà àà àà à)à à€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àSHELBY€COUNTYÌV.à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€CHRIS€CRAFT,ÌROBERT€CHAPMAN,à àà àà à)à àJUDGEÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellant.à àà àà àà à)à à(Sentencing)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appellant:óóà àà àà àà àà àòòFor€the€Appellee:óóÌÌKim€G.€Simsà àà àà àà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌ1729€Lamar€Avenueà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌMemphis,€TN€38104à àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àRobin€L.€HarrisÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€Parkway€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJohn€W.€PierottiÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDavid€C.€HenryÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€AttorneyÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àCriminal€Justice€ComplexÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àThird€FloorÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à201€PoplarÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àMemphis,€TN€38103ÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€___________________à àà àÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌWilliam€M.€Barker,€JudgeÇà@ àò òOPINIONó óÌÌÌÓÓà àThe€appellant,€Robert€Chapman,€appeals€as€of€right€the€sentences€heÏreceived€as€a€result€of€convictions€in€the€Shelby€County€Criminal€Court€for€attemptedÏsecond€degree€murder€and€reckless€endangerment.€€He€was€sentenced€as€a€Range€IÏstandard€offender€to€twelve€(12)€years€on€the€attempted€second€degree€murderÏconviction€and€two€years€in€a€workhouse€for€the€reckless€endangerment€conviction.€ÏThe€sentences€were€ordered€to€be€served€consecutively.Ìà àAppellant€challenges€three€aspects€of€his€sentencing.€€He€objects€to€the€trialÏcourtððs€application€of€certain€enhancement€factors€and€the€order€of€the€maximumÏsentences€within€the€ranges;€ordering€the€sentences€to€run€consecutively;€and€theÏpropriety€of€ordering€consecutive€sentences€when€the€State€failed€to€give€notice€of€itsÏintent€to€seek€consecutive€sentences€prior€to€trial.€€Finding€no€error€in€the€length€ofÏappellantððs€sentences€or€the€order€for€consecutive€service€of€them,€we€affirm€the€trialÏcourt.Ìà àAppellant€and€three€of€his€friends€entered€a€popular€shopping€mall€inÏMemphis€looking€for€Roscoe€Graham.€€There€is€some€indication€in€the€record€thatÏGraham€had€shot€at€appellant€three€weeks€prior.€€Appellant€and€at€least€one€other€ofÏthe€men€were€armed€with€guns.€€They€entered€a€crowded€arcade€and€spottedÏGraham.€€Appellant€walked€up€to€Graham,€started€a€fight€with€him€and€then€pulled€hisÍgun.€€Appellant€fired€several€shots,€three€of€which€struck€Graham€in€the€leg,€arm€andÏstomach.€€An€arcade€worker€who€tried€to€break€up€the€fight€was€in€close€proximity€toÏthe€shots€being€fired,€but€was€uninjured.€€Numerous€patrons€were€in€the€arcade,€butÏthe€record€does€not€indicate€if€there€were€other€injuries€from€the€gunfire.€€The€arcadeÏsuffered€substantial€damage€from€bullet€holes€due€to€the€number€of€shots€fired.€ÏAppellant€was€subsequently€indicted€for€attempted€first€degree€murder€and€recklessÏendangerment.Ìà àAt€trial,€a€jury€convicted€appellant€of€attempted€second€degree€murder€andÏreckless€endangerment.€€He€was€sentenced€as€a€Range€I€standard€offender€to€twelveÏ(12)€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction€and€two€(2)€years€in€a€workhouse€on€theÏrespective€convictions.€€Although€the€factual€record€is€sparse,€it€does€containÏtranscripts€from€the€sentencing€hearing€which€facilitates€the€necessary€review.€€Ìà àWhen€a€defendant€complains€of€his€or€her€sentence,€we€must€conduct€a€òòdeóóÏòònovoóó€review€of€the€record.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð40„35„401(d)€(1990).€€The€sentenceÏimposed€by€the€trial€court€is€accompanied€by€a€presumption€of€correctness,€òòidóó,€andÏthe€appealing€party€carries€the€burden€of€showing€that€the€sentence€is€improper.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð40„35„401€Sentencing€Commission€Comments.€€ThisÏpresumption,€however,€is€conditioned€upon€an€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€thatÏthe€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€andÏcircumstances.€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).Ìà àWhen€imposing€a€sentence,€the€minimum€sentence€within€the€range€is€theÏpresumptive€sentence.€€If€there€are€enhancing€and€mitigating€factors,€the€court€mustÏstart€at€the€minimum€sentence€in€the€range€and€enhance€the€sentence€as€appropriateÏfor€the€enhancement€factors€and€then€reduce€the€sentence€as€appropriate€for€theÏmitigating€factors.€€If€there€are€no€mitigating€factors,€the€court€may€set€the€sentenceÏabove€the€minimum€in€that€range€but€still€within€the€range.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð40„35„210(d)„(e)€(Supp.€1995).Ìà àAppellant€first€contends€that€the€application€of€certain€enhancement€factorsÏwas€incorrect€and€the€findings€of€fact€did€not€support€the€sentences€ordered€by€theÏtrial€judge.€€Although€the€record€does€not€support€the€application€of€everyÏenhancement€factor€used€by€the€trial€court,€the€length€of€the€sentences€imposed€wasÏnot€erroneous.Ìà àOn€the€attempted€second€degree€murder€conviction,€the€court€found€theÏfollowing€enhancement€factors:€(1)€the€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminalÏconvictions€or€behavior€in€addition€to€that€necessary€to€establish€the€range;€(2)Ïdefendant€was€a€leader€in€the€commission€of€the€offense;€(6)€the€personal€injuriesÏinflicted€upon€the€victim€were€particularly€great;€and€(9)€defendant€possessed€orÏemployed€a€firearm.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð40„35„114€(1990).€€No€mitigating€factorsÏwere€found.€€Appellant€disagrees€with€the€application€of€enhancement€factors€(2)€andÏ(6).€€He€states€that€it€was€never€proven€that€he€was€a€leader€in€the€commission€of€theÍcrime.€€However,€the€victim€testified€that€appellant€was€the€leader€of€the€crime.€€At€theÏsentencing€hearing,€appellantððs€counsel€also€stated€that€ð ðhe€was€a€leader.ðð€€From€theÏrecord€before€us,€it€is€evident€that€appellant€entered€the€shopping€mall€with€three€ofÏhis€friends,€specifically€looking€for€Graham€and€intending€to€ð ðget€this€guy€[Graham].ðð€ÏOnce€he€found€Graham,€appellant€started€a€fight€with€him.€€Then,€as€supported€by€theÏjuryððs€conviction,€he€pulled€out€his€gun€and€shot€Graham€three€times.€€ThisÏenhancement€factor€was€sufficiently€sustained€by€the€proof.Ìà àIn€contesting€the€application€of€factor€(6),€appellant€argues€that€it€is€an€elementÏof€the€offense.€€He€states€that€particularly€great€personal€injuries€inflicted€upon€theÏvictim€is€inherent€in€the€offense€of€attempted€second€degree€murder.€€However,€thisÏCourt€has€previously€held€otherwise.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Nixóó,€922€S.W.2d€894,€903€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1995)€(holding€that€particularly€great€injuries€are€not€essential€to€theÏcommission€of€attempted€first€degree€murder);€òòState€v.€David€Lucian€Gibsonóó,€No.Ï01C01„9503„CC„00099,€slip€op.€at€12€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€January€26,Ï1996)€(it€is€proper€to€apply€enhancement€factor€(6)€to€attempted€murder€casesÏbecause€murder€may€be€attempted€without€actually€causing€any€injury);€òòState€v.ÏGregory€Maurice€Brooksóó,€No.€02C01„9411„CV„00261,€slip€op.€at€9€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ïat€Jackson,€July€19,€1995)€(factor€(6)€was€properly€applied€to€enhance€an€attemptedÏsecond€degree€murder€conviction).€€We€once€again€hold€that€particularly€greatÍinjuries€are€not€inherent€in€the€offense€of€attempted€second€degree€murder€and€mayÏbe€applied€as€an€enhancement€factor.Ìà àWe€further€find€that€the€proof€supports€a€finding€that€the€personal€injuriesÏinflicted€upon€the€victim€were€particularly€great.€€The€trial€judge€stated€that€thisÏenhancer€had€application€because€at€trial€the€victim€displayed€the€extensive€scars€heÏsuffered€from€the€three€gunshot€wounds.€€He€carries€a€scar€on€his€stomach€that€is€oneÏand€a€half€feet€long.€€He€also€has€scars€from€bullet€holes€on€his€arm€and€leg.€€InÏaddition,€the€presentence€report€contained€a€victim€impact€statement€whereinÏGraham€explained€the€extent€of€his€injuries€and€the€time€he€missed€from€work.€ÏGraham€worked€as€a€private€investigator€and€missed€six€months€of€work€as€a€result€ofÏthe€three€gunshot€wounds.€€The€trial€court€did€not€err€in€applying€this€enhancementÏfactor.€€Ìà àOn€the€reckless€endangerment€conviction,€the€court€applied€enhancementÏfactors€(1)€the€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€or€behavior€inÏaddition€to€that€necessary€to€establish€the€range;€(2)€defendant€was€a€leader€in€theÏcommission€of€the€offense;€(3)€the€offense€involved€more€than€one€victim;€(6)€theÏdamage€to€property€was€particularly€great;€(10)€defendant€had€no€hesitation€aboutÏcommitting€a€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high;€and€(16)€crimes€wereÏcommitted€under€circumstances€in€which€the€potential€for€bodily€injury€to€the€victimÍwas€great.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð40„35„114€(1990).€€No€mitigating€factors€wereÏfound.Ìà àAgain,€appellant€contests€his€characterization€as€a€leader€in€the€crime;€this€hasÏpreviously€been€discussed€and€held€applicable€under€the€proof.€€He€also€argues€thatÏfactors€(3),€(6),€(10),€and€(16)€are€elements€of€the€offense€and€cannot€be€used€toÏenhance€his€sentence.€€We€agree€with€appellant€on€factors€(10)€and€(16),€but€find€theÏremaining€factors€to€be€applicable.Ìà àReckless€endangerment€occurs€when€a€person€ð ðrecklessly€engages€inÏconduct€which€places€or€may€place€another€person€in€imminent€danger€of€death€orÏserious€bodily€injury.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð39„13„103€(1991).€€As€is€evident€from€theÏdefinition€of€the€crime,€the€presence€of€more€than€one€victim€and€the€amount€ofÏdamage€to€property€being€particularly€great€are€clearly€not€elements€of€the€offense.€ÏHowever,€we€do€find€misapplication€of€enhancement€factors€(10)€and€(16)€becauseÏthey€are€essential€elements€of€the€offense.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð40„35„114Ï(1991).€€Inherent€in€the€offense€of€reckless€endangerment€is€a€lack€of€hesitation€inÏcommitting€a€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€is€high.€€òòState€v.€Wayne€L.€Hughesóó,ÏNo.€01C01„9502„CC„00033,€slip€op.€at€16€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€June€20,Ï1996)€and€òòState€v.€Arnold€V.€Porteróó,€No.€01C01„9410„CC„00353,€slip€op.€at€10€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€at€Nashville,€January€5,€1996).€€Likewise,€the€great€potential€for€bodilyÏinjury€to€a€victim€is€also€inherent€in€this€offense.€€òòState€v.€Dewayne€Smithóó,€No.€03C01„9501„CR„00024,€slip€op.€at€9€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€September€19,€1995),Ïòòperm.óó€òòtoóó€òòapp.óó€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1996).€€€Nevertheless,€the€remaining€four€enhancementÏfactors€are€supported€by€the€record€and€the€absence€of€any€mitigating€factors€areÏsufficient€to€justify€the€trial€courtððs€order€of€a€two€year€sentence.Ìà àConsidering€the€application€of€several€enhancement€factors€on€eachÏconviction€and€the€absence€of€any€mitigating€factors,€we€do€not€believe€the€trial€courtÏerred€in€the€length€of€the€sentences.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð40„35„210€(1990).Ìà àThe€appellant€next€contends€that€the€trial€courtððs€order€of€consecutiveÏsentencing€was€in€error.€€He€states€that€the€trial€courtððs€rationale€was€not€consistentÏwith€the€required€factors€in€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„115.€€UponÏreview€of€the€record,€we€agree€with€appellantððs€argument.€€The€trial€court€failed€toÏinclude€on€the€record€any€finding€of€the€required€elements€of€the€statute€to€justifyÏconsecutive€sentencing.€€Ìà àWhen€the€record€does€not€reflect€that€the€trial€court€followed€the€statutoryÏconsiderations,€the€presumption€of€correctness€fails€and€our€review€of€the€sentence€isÏòòdeóó€òònovoóó.€€òòState€v.€Sheltonóó,€854€S.W.2d€116,€123€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).€€òòSeeóó€òòalsoóóÏòòState€v.€Adamsóó,€864€S.W.2d€31,€34€(Tenn.€1993)€(in€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€ofÏthe€sentence,€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals€is€authorized€to€consider€anyÏenhancement€factors€supported€by€the€record).Ìà àOur€review€of€the€record€leads€us€to€conclude€that€the€appellant€is€aÏdangerous€offender€and€may€be€sentenced€consecutively€as€such.€€In€order€to€beÏfound€a€dangerous€offender,€it€must€be€demonstrated€that€the€offenderððs€behaviorÏindicated€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life€and€it€reflected€no€hesitation€aboutÏcommitting€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð40„35„115(a)(4)€(1990).€€Our€supreme€court€has€recently€stated€that€additional€findingsÏare€necessary€to€sustain€consecutive€sentences€based€on€this€classification.€€òòState€v.ÏWilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933,€938€(Tenn.€1995).€€The€proof€must€further€demonstrateÏthat€the€terms€imposed€are€reasonably€related€to€the€severity€of€the€offensesÏcommitted€and€are€necessary€to€protect€the€public€from€further€criminal€acts€by€theÏoffender.€€òòId.óó€€We€believe€all€four€of€those€requisite€findings€are€supported€by€theÏrecord.Ìà àAppellantððs€behavior€indicated€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life€and€alsoÏindicated€no€hesitation€in€committing€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high.€ÏThis€is€supported€by€the€evidence€that€appellant€entered€a€crowded€shopping€mallÏwith€a€loaded€gun,€sought€out€a€particular€victim,€and€carelessly€fired€repeated€shotsÏat€that€person,€endangering€the€lives€of€all€who€were€present.€€Moreover,€appellantÏwent€to€the€mall€with€a€specific€intent,€to€ð ðget€this€guyðð,€and€once€he€found€the€victim,Ïhe€did€not€hesitate€to€carry€out€his€intent.€€Furthermore,€we€conclude€that€the€length€ofÏappellantððs€sentence€is€reasonably€related€to€the€seriousness€of€the€offenses.€ÍAppellant€repeatedly€shot€a€man€causing€severe€injuries€and€endangering€the€livesÏœof€numerous›€patrons€in€this€arcade.€€An€effective€sentence€of€fourteen€(14)€years€is,€inÏour€view,€reasonably€related€to€the€seriousness€of€the€offenses.€€Finally,€theÏsentences€are€necessary€to€protect€the€public€from€further€criminal€acts€by€appellant.€ÏThe€record€demonstrates€that€appellantððs€criminal€record€began€when€he€was€onlyÏnine€(9)€years€old€and€contains€numerous€juvenile€offenses.€€Each€charge€in€juvenileÏcourt€appears€to€have€been€adjusted€ð ðnon„judiciallyðð€and€the€absence€of€confinementÏor€stringent€punishment€has€led€this€young€man€to€continually€break€the€law.€€If€notÏconfined€for€a€significant€period,€it€is€apparent€that€appellant€will€only€continue€toÏcommit€crimes.€€His€aggregate€sentence€is€necessary€to€protect€the€public.€€TheÏrecord€amply€supports€a€finding€that€appellant€is€a€dangerous€offender€and€hisÏconsecutive€sentences,€therefore,€are€upheld.œ× ƒ ××  ×›Ìà àAppellantððs€final€issue€merits€little€discussion.€€He€argues€that€the€order€ofÏconsecutive€sentencing€may€not€be€upheld€because€the€State€did€not€provide€himÏwith€a€notice€to€seek€this€sentencing€prior€to€trial.€€Appellant€relies€upon€TennesseeÍCode€Annotated€section€40„35„202(a)€and€Tennessee€Rule€of€Criminal€ProcedureÏœ12.3(a)›€to€sustain€this€alleged€error.€€The€plain€language€of€both€the€statute€and€theÏrule€apply€only€in€the€case€of€multiple,€persistent€or€career€offenders.€€As€a€Range€IÏoffender,€these€do€not€apply€to€appellant.€€The€issue€is€without€merit.Ìà àWe€find€that€the€trial€courtððs€application€of€numerous€enhancement€factorsÏjustify€the€maximum€sentence€imposed€on€both€convictions.€€We€further€hold€thatÏœappellant›€is€a€œdangerous›€offender€and€that€his€criminal€history€is€œextensive.ÏTherefore,›€consecutive€sentences€are€appropriate.€€Appellantððs€sentences€areÏaffirmed.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà àœà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà à_______________________________›Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWilliam€M.€Barker,€JudgeÌÌÌÌ__________________________ÌGary€R.€Wade,€JudgeÌÌÌÌ__________________________ÌJerry€L.€Smith,€Judge€Ì€€€€