ÿWPC` …UBV %˜žnX® 0P 4V j 0”p 0D w@H 0Jˆ 0TÒ 0^& 0h„ 0rì 0|^ 0†Ú 0` 1uð U,e 0À‘U,QU6} B³U*ÐB)úDC# AMfD³ D3÷v~*vÓ¨ 0@{ AO»Æ  0DÐ D/ BC<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiX3|X{«<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉJQX@%ä2¼A`ArialTTt10cpiXXXä2¼P±ŠQXP((­À$¡¡ÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓypÑ HO(D(3¾Á$¤¤Ý ƒ­À!ÝÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ghUijk£l£mbnbobpÓ€2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernPp ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓÑ\R€€\Ñ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(Courier New d< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d&&&&7Border 1dd€-'Cþÿ << Gÿÿ :Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€#ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÔ€%ÔÔ€%ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€%XÔÌÌò òJulyÏ23,Ï1996ÌÌCecilÏCrowson,ÏJr.ÌÔ€%ôÔAppellateÏCourtÏClerkó ó$$$$'ÿÿdxdPtPtStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA Op Monaco Ò("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€""X„d&ÓÑ#€""Xd#ÑÔ€#ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÑ ` ÑÑ X ÑÑ7€‡þXXdÈdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓ  ÓÔ€%ÔÙ€€ÙßL€()';+'h|` 81 `€€Lß›à àà àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINALÏAPPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌà@ àAT€KNOXVILLEÌÌÓ  Óà@ àMAY€1996€SESSIONÌÌÌÌó óÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)ó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óà àò òC.C.A.ÏNO.€œ03C01›„9512„CC„00390ó óÌà àà àAppellee,à àò ò€€€€€à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHANCOCK€COUNTYó óÌœVS›.à àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.ÏJAMES€E.€œBECKNER,›ÌVENICE€œGLOVER›€COLLINS,à àà à)à àJUDGEÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àó óAppellant.ò òà àà àà à)à àó ó(Possession€of€contraband€in€a€ò òÌó óà àà àà àà àà àà àà à€penalÏinstitution)à àÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANT:óóà àà àà à€€€€€òòà àFOR€THEÏAPPELLEE:óóÌÌÌò òœGREGÏEICHLEMAN›à àà àà àà àCHARLES€W.ÏBURSONÌó óœPublic›€Defenderà àœà à›à àà àà àAttorneyÏœGeneral€›&€Reporterò òÌÌœJOYCE€M.ÏWARDà àó ó›à àà àà àà àò òœDARIAN›€B.ÏTAYLORó óÌœAsst.€Public€Defender›à àà àà àà àAsst.ÏAttorney€GeneralÌœ1609€College€Park€Dr.,€Box€11›à àà àà à450€JamesÍRobertson€œPkwy.ÌMorristown,€TN€€€37813›à àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ìà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àò òà àà àà àC.€BERKELEY€BELLó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àò òà àà àà àFLOYD€W.€RHEAó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNorth€Court€St.à àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àœSneedville›,€TN€€€37869Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àÌOPINION€FILED:____________________ÌÌÌÌò òAFFIRMEDó óÌÌÌò òJOHN€H.€PEAY,ó óÌJudgeÌÇÑ ° Ñœ›à@ àò òòòO€P€I€N€I€O€NÌÌÌó óóóÌÓ  ÓÓÓà àà àThe€defendant€was€indicted€for€knowingly€possessing€marijuana€whileÏin€a€penal€institution,€in€violation€of€T.C.A.€ðð€39„16„201(a)(2).€€He€was€found€guilty€byÏa€jury€of€the€same€offense.€€The€defendant€now€appeals€as€of€right€œcontending€thatÏthe›€trial€court€erred€when€it€denied€his€œpretrial›€motion€to€œsuppress›€his€œconfession€andÏthat€the›€statute€under€which€he€was€indicted€was€not€œviolated›€œbecause›€theÏcontraband€was€never€within€an€area€of€the€jail€œð ðwhere›€prisoners€are€quartered€orÏunder€custodial€œsupervision.ðð€€The€defendant€also€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€theÏevidence.€€After›€a€review€of€the€record,€we€affirm€the€judgment€below.ÌÌà àà àOn€December€20,€1994,€the€defendant€was€incarcerated€in€theÏHancock€County€jail.€€On€this€œday›€his€œsister,›€Cathy€œJohnson,›€brought€to€the€jail€someÏpersonal€hygiene€supplies,€including€a€bottle€of€shampoo,€for€delivery€to€theÏdefendant.€€She€took€these€supplies€to€the€dispatcherððs€office€and€asked€theÏdispatcher€if€the€shampoo€bottle€had€to€be€ð ðsee„through.ðð€€The€dispatcher€replied€thatÏthe€bottles€were€not€required€to€be€ð ðsee„through,ðð€at€which€point€Johnson€requestedÏthe€dispatcher€to€check€with€the€guards€about€the€bottle€type.€€This€request€made€theÏdispatcher€suspicious,€but€she€took€the€items,€put€them€in€an€envelope€and€filled€outÏthe€necessary€paperwork.€€The€chief€jailer€subsequently€took€the€items,€opened€theÍshampoo€œbottle,›€and€poured€the€contents€into€a€Styrofoam€cup.€€Included€with€theÏshampoo€were€two€plastic€bags€containing€marijuana.ÌÌà àà àFollowing€the€discovery€of€the€bags,€Investigator€Teddy€CollingsworthÏmet€with€the€defendant€and€advised€him€of€his€rights.€€The€defendant€responded€thatÏhe€did€not€want€to€make€any€statements€until€he€had€spoken€with€an€attorney.€€TheÏdefendant€was€then€placed€in€the€ð ðdrunk€tank,ðð€an€isolated€cell€that€had€no€phoneÏand€no€mattress.€€Although€the€defendant€was€apparently€not€given€any€explanationÏas€to€why€he€was€placed€here€instead€of€taken€back€to€his€cell,€the€sheriff€testifiedÏthat€he€had€been€placed€there€to€keep€him€from€calling€his€sister€to€inform€her€of€theÏdiscovery,€and€to€enable€them€to€search€his€cell.ÌÌà àà àAfter€the€defendant€had€been€in€the€isolation€cell€for€approximatelyÏtwenty€minutes,€he€indicated€that€he€wanted€to€talk.€€He€was€taken€to€CollingsworthÏwho€did€not€readminister€the€defendantððs€òòMirandaóó€rights€or€obtain€his€signature€on€aÏwaiver€of€rights€form.€€Rather,€Collingsworth€simply€said,€ð ðIððm€listening.ðð€œ€The›Ïdefendant€then€told€Collingsworth€that€he€had€sent€money€to€Johnson€and€told€herÏhow€to€bring€the€marijuana€in€via€a€shampoo€bottle.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€first€contends€that€the€trial€court€should€have€suppressedÍhis€confession€because€he€had€been€coerced€into€making€it.€€He€argues€that€beingÏplaced€in€the€ð ðdrunk€tankðð€amounted€to€punishment€for€requesting€a€lawyer.€ÏAccordingly,€he€asserts,€his€waiver€of€his€right€to€counsel€was€not€voluntary.ÌÌà àà àA€waiver,€to€be€valid,€must€be€"made€voluntarily,€knowingly€andÏintelligently."€€òòMiranda€v.€Arizonaóó,€384€U.S.€436,€444,€86€S.Ct.€1601,€16€L.Ed.2d€694Ï(1966).€€The€issue€of€waiver€must€be€decided€based€on€the€totality€of€the€circumƒstances€surrounding€each€particular€case.€€òòState€v.€Bentonóó,€759€S.W.2d€427,€431„32Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).€€The€question€in€this€case€is€œð ðwhether›€the€conduct€of€the€lawÏenforcement€officers€was€such€œ[as]›€to€undermine€the€œ[defendantððs]›€free€will€andÏcritically€impair€his€capacity€for€self„determination€so€as€to€bring€about€an€involuntaryÏœconfession.ð𛀀òòState€v.€Crumpóó,€834€S.W.2d€œ265,€271›€(Tenn.€1992).€€The€findings€of€theÏtrial€court€will€not€be€disturbed€on€review€unless€the€evidence€preponderates€againstÏthose€findings.€€òòState€v.€Kellyóó,€603€S.W.2d€726,€728„29€(Tenn.€1980).ÌÌà àà àThe€trial€court,€after€hearing€testimony€from€the€sheriff€andÏCollingsworth,€but€not€from€the€defendant,€found€ð ðunder€all€[the]€circumstances€thatÏthe€statement€was€voluntarily€made,€Miranda€rights€were€waived,€and€that€itððs€not€aÏviolation€of€his€invocation€to€right€to€counsel,€and€itððs€admissible.ðð€€The€defendant€hasÏnot€carried€his€burden€of€demonstrating€that€the€evidence€preponderates€againstÍthese€findings.€€The€proof€does€not€support€a€conclusion€that€twenty€minutes€in€theÏdrunk€tank€were€so€frightening€or€intimidating€as€to€ð ðundermine€the€[defendantððs]€freeÏwill€and€critically€impair€his€capacity€for€self„determination.ðð€€òòState€v.€Crumpóó,€834ÏS.W.2d€at€271.€€We€assume€that,€since€he€was€able€to€communicate€his€desire€toÏspeak€with€the€investigator,€the€defendant€would€likewise€have€been€able€toÏcommunicate€his€desire€to€call€an€attorney.€€Had€he€done€so,€it€is€logical€to€assumeÏthat€he€would€have€been€told€he€had€to€wait€some€period€of€time,€or€that€he€wouldÏhave€been€permitted€to€make€such€a€call€from€a€supervised€phone.€€ÌÌà àà àEven€if€we€construe€his€refusal€to€give€a€statement€until€he€had€anÏattorney€as€a€request€to€call€one,€we€do€not€think€the€delay€in€this€case€was€such€asÏto€render€his€statement€inadmissible.€€òòœCf›óó.€òòState€v.€œClaybrook›óó,€736€S.W.2d€95,€103Ï(Tenn.€1987)€(ð ðThe€failure€to€afford€to€a€defendant€the€phone€call€required€by€[T.C.A.Ïðð€40„7„106€following€an€arrest]€is€but€one€factor€to€be€considered€in€determining€theÏvoluntariness€of€the€defendantððs€statement€and€whether€the€conduct€of€the€officersÏhas€overcome€the€will€of€the€accused.€€Automatic€suppression€of€the€statement€is€notÏcalled€for.ðð)€€€Accordingly,€we€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€denial€of€the€defendantððs€motionÏto€suppress.€€We€do,€however,€point€out€that€the€jailerððs€subjective€and€unvoicedÏreasons€for€placing€the€defendant€in€the€drunk€tank€are€irrelevant€with€respect€toÏdetermining€the€defendantððs€state€of€mind€and€whether€his€free€will€had€beenÍovercome.ÌÌà àà àNor€is€it€significant€that€Collingsworth€did€not€ð ðœre„Mirandize›ðð€theÏdefendant€before€he€made€his€statement.€€The€defendant€is€correct€that,€after€anÏaccused€invokes€his€or€her€right€to€counsel,€the€police€may€not€resume€interrogationÏuntil€an€attorney€is€present.€€òòMiranda€v.€Arizonaóó,€384€U.S.€436,€œ473„74›€(1966).€ÏHowever,€the€accused€may€make€a€subsequent€statement€without€the€presence€ofÏcounsel€where€the€accused€himself€initiates€the€conversation.€€òòEdwards€v.€Arizonaóó,Ï451€U.S.€œ477,€485›€(1981).€€Here,€the€defendant€initiated€the€subsequentÏconversation€with€Collingsworth.€€Collingsworth€did€not€engage€in€any€interrogationÏduring€this€second€meeting,€but€said€simply,€ð ðIððm€listening.ðð€€The€defendant€had€beenÏread€his€òòMirandaóó€rights€just€twenty€minutes€before.€€Collingsworthððs€failure€to€readÏthem€to€the€defendant€again,€when€no€new€interrogation€was€taking€place,€does€notÏrender€the€defendantððs€statement€inadmissible.€ÌÌà àà àœIn€his€second€issue€the›€defendant€œargues›€that€he€should€not€have€beenÏconvicted€of€the€indicted€offense€because€the€marijuana€never€made€it€into€a€portionÏof€the€penal€institution€in€which€ð ðprisoners€are€quartered€or€under€custodialÏsupervision.ðð€€Rather,€the€marijuana€was€intercepted€in€the€dispatcherððs€office,€anÏarea€to€which€the€prisoners€have€no€access.€€The€office€is,€however,€located€withinÍthe€same€building€as€the€prisonersðð€cells.€€ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€bases€his€argument€on€a€tortured€reading€of€the€statuteÏunder€which€he€was€convicted€which€provides:ÌÓÓà àà8 àœÌÒ ô ÒÒ ° ÒIt›€is€unlawful€for€any€person€to:€[œk]nowingly›€possess€[marijuana]Ïwhile€present€in€any€penal€institution€where€prisoners€areÏœquartered›€or€under€custodial€supervision€without€the€expressÏwritten€consent€of€the€chief€administrator€of€the€institution.ÌÌœÌÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÓÓT.C.A.›€ðð€œ39„16„201(a)(2)€(1995€Supp.).›€€According€to€the€defendant,€this€statute€is€notÏviolated€unless€the€contraband€is€possessed€within€an€area€of€the€jail€in€whichÏprisoners€are€quartered€or€under€custodial€supervision.€€We€disagree.€€Contrary€toÏthe€defendantððs€assertion€that€statutes€which€œcriminalize›€behavior€must€be€strictlyÏconstrued€in€favor€of€the€defendant,€we€are€required€to€construe€the€provisions€of€ourÏcriminal€code€ð ðaccording€to€the€fair€import€of€their€terms,€.€.€.€to€promote€justice,€andÏeffect€the€objectives€of€the€criminal€code.ðð€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„11„104€(1991€œRepl.).€€The›€fairÏimport€of€the€language€used€in€the€instant€statute€is€that€possession€of€contraband€isÏillegal€in€penal€institutions€which€house€or€œcustodially›€supervise€prisoners:€not€that€itÏis€illegal€in€those€òòareasóó€of€penal€institutions€which€house€or€œcustodially›€superviseÏprisoners.€€ÌÌà àà àThe€defendantððs€reliance€on€òòState€v.€Hicksóó,€835€S.W.2d€32€(Tenn.€Crim.ÍApp.€œ1992),›€is€misplaced.€€That€case€makes€clear€that€the€entire€jail€facilityÏsurrounded€by€the€fence€is€ð ðthe€secure€area.ðð€€Obviously,€any€dispatcherððs€officeÏcontained€within€the€building€surrounded€by€the€fence€would€be€a€part€of€this€secureÏarea.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà àà àFinally,€the€defendant€attacks€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€used€toÏconvict€him.€€He€was€charged€with€only€one€offense,€knowingly€possessingÏmarijuana€while€in€a€penal€institution,€a€violation€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ððÏ39„16„201(a)(2).€€It€is€undisputed€that€the€defendant€never€gained€actual€possessionÏof€the€drugs.€€However,€it€is€also€undisputed€that€his€sister€brought€the€marijuana€intoÏthe€jail€without€the€consent€of€the€chief€œadministrator.›€€Thus,€on€the€record€before€us,Ïshe€was€in€violation€of€the€statute€under€which€the€defendant€was€indicted.€€While€theÏdefendant€alleges€that€his€sister€could€not€have€been€guilty€of€possession€ofÏcontraband€within€the€meaning€of€the€statute€because€she€was€never€in€an€area€ofÏthe€jail€in€which€the€prisoners€were€quartered€or€under€custodial€supervision,€weÏhave€rejected€this€argument€as€set€forth€above.€€ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€confessed€that€he€had€requested€Johnson€to€deliver€theÏmarijuana€to€the€jail.€€ð ðA€person€is€criminally€responsible€for€an€offense€committed€byÏthe€conduct€of€another€if:€€Acting€with€intent€to€promote€or€assist€the€commission€ofÍthe€offense,€or€to€benefit€in€the€proceeds€or€results€of€the€offense,€the€person€solicits,Ïdirects,€aids,€or€attempts€to€aid€another€person€to€commit€the€offense[.]ðð€œ€T.C.A.›€ðð€39„11„402€(2)€(1991€Repl.).€€The€defendant€is€therefore€criminally€responsible€forÏJohnsonððs€conduct.€€Moreover,€it€was€proper€for€the€defendant€to€have€been€chargedÏwith€and€convicted€of€the€principal€offense,€rather€than€of€the€offense€of€beingÏcriminally€responsible€for€Johnsonððs€œconduct.€€ð ðA›€person€is€criminally€responsible€òòasÏa€party€to€an€offenseóó€if€the€offense€is€committed€.€.€.€by€the€conduct€of€another€forÏwhich€the€person€is€criminally€responsible,ðð€and€ð ðmay€be€charged€with€commission€ofÏthe€offense.ðð€€œT.C.A.€ðð€39„11„401€(1991€Repl.)€(emphasis€added).›ÌÌà àà àThe€evidence€was€sufficient€to€support€the€defendantððs€conviction.€€TheÏdefendantððs€issues€being€without€merit,€the€judgment€of€the€court€below€is€affirmed.ÌÌÓÓœà àà àà àà àà àà àà à______________________________›Ìœà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJOHN›€H.€PEAY,€JudgeÌÌœÌÌCONCUR:›ÌÌÌœÌÌ______________________________›ÌJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JudgeÌÌÌÌœÌ______________________________›ÌÔ% € ÔJOHN€K.€BYERS,€Senior€Judge