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ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€&&X„d&ÓÑ#€&&Xd#ÑÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÓÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7€ äXdÈdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÙ€€ÙßL€+.);+'h|îÊ` Å `€€Lßà@ àòòIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINALÏAPPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEóóÌà@ àòòAT€JACKSONóóÌà@ àDECEMBER€1995€SESSIONÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à*à àC.C.A.€#€02C01„9505„CC„00133Ìà àAppellee,à àà àà à*à àHARDIN€COUNTYÌVS.à àà àà àà àà à*à àHon.€C.€Creed€McGinley,€JudgeÌDAVID€ARNOLD€CROSS,à àà à*à à(Rape€of€a€Child)Ìà àAppellant.à àà à*ÌÌÌòòÌFor€Appellant:óóà àà àà àà àòòFor€Appellee:óóÌÓÓRichard€W.€DeBerryà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌAsst.€Public€Defenderà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌ24th€Judicial€DistrictÌP.O.€Box€663à àà àà àà àMichael€J.€Fahey,€IIà àà àCamden,ÏTN€€38320à àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àJohn€OvertonÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à24th€Judicial€DistrictÌà àà àà àà àà àà àHardin€County€CourthouseÌà àà àà àà àà àà àSavannah,€TN€€38372ÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌÌGARY€R.€WADE,€JUDGEÇÓÓà@ àòòOPINIONóóÑ7€ äXdÈXdÈ7Ñà àà àThe€defendant,€DavidÏArnold€Cross,€was€convicted€for€rape€of€a€child.€€The€trialÏcourt€imposed€the€maximum,€Range€I€sentence€of€twenty„five€(25)Ïyears.€€In€this€appeal€of€right,€the€defendant€claims€theÏevidence€was€insufficient€to€support€his€conviction€and€that€theÏsentence€was€excessive.ÌÌà àà àWe€affirm€the€judgment.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€is€the€father€of€the€eleven„year„oldÏvictim,€TC.× ƒ/ ××  ×€€They€shared€a€residence€on€Macon€Road€in€SavannahÏwith€the€victim's€sister,€her€brother,€and€the€defendant'sÏgirlfriend,€who€had€an€infant€son€of€her€own.€€ÌÌà àà àThe€victim€testified€that€on€or€about€April€12,€1994,Ïthe€defendant€raped€her€by€anal€penetration.€€The€victim€hadÏbeen€doing€the€laundry€with€her€sister€and€brother€when€theÏdefendant,€who€often€drank€to€excess€and€who€"may"€have€beenÏdrinking€that€day,€told€the€victim€to€put€his€clothes€away€inÏhis€bedroom.€€She€recalled€that€the€defendant€then€instructedÍher€to€close€the€door,€to€take€her€clothes€off,€and€to€get€onÏthe€bed€on€her€hands€and€knees.€€She€testified€that€theÏdefendant,€who€was€only€wearing€a€white€tank€top,€then€kissedÏher,€touched€her€chest,€and€"put€his€thing€in€[her]€back€part"Ïwhile€"moving€back€and€forth."€€She€testified€that€she€began€toÏcry€and€the€defendant€had€directed€her€to€put€her€head€in€theÏpillow€so€that€no€one€could€hear.€€She€recalled€that€when€theÏdefendant€was€finished,€her€sister,€JC,€and€the€baby€then€cameÏinto€the€room.€€ÌÌà àà àJC,€the€victim's€thirteen„year„old€sister,€testifiedÏthat€she€recalled€a€day€when€the€defendant's€girlfriend€left€herÏto€watch€the€baby.€€She€remembered€that€the€defendant€had€calledÏthe€victim€to€his€room.€€JC€testified€that€she€got€worried€afterÏa€few€minutes€and€carried€the€baby€into€the€living€room€whichÏwas€closer€to€the€defendant's€bedroom.€€She€recalled€that€whenÏthe€baby€went€into€the€bedroom,€the€defendant€ordered€him€out.€ÏJC€stated€that€she€could€see€that€the€light€was€out€in€theÏbedroom€so€she€could€not€see€what€had€occurred€inside.€€€ÌÌà àà àLater,€all€of€the€children€were€placed€in€foster€careÏdue€to€an€unrelated€incident.€€Andrea€Davidson,€an€investigatorÍwith€the€Department€of€Human€Services,€interviewed€the€victimÏand€JC,€learned€of€the€victim's€allegations,€and€charged€theÏdefendant€with€rape.€€ÌÌà àà àDr.€Michael€Smith,€who€examined€TC€at€the€HardinÏCounty€Hospital€Emergency€Room€over€a€month€after€the€rape,Ïdiscovered€vaginal€scarring€which€he€believed€to€be€due€toÏtrauma€or€vaginal€penetration.€€He€found€"extensive€damage"€andÏdescribed€scarring€from€the€vagina€to€the€rectum.€€Dr.€SmithÏheld€the€opinion€that€TC€had€been€the€victim€of€sexual€abuse€butÏadmitted€on€cross„examination€that€he€could€not€say€withÏprecision€when,€how,€or€who€had€caused€the€trauma.ÌÌà àà àR.C.€Highland,€who€lived€next€door€to€the€defendant,€Ïtestified€for€the€defense.€€He€stated€that€the€children€appearedÏto€be€well€taken€care€of€and€well„behaved.€€He€acknowledged,Ïhowever,€that€he€had€never€been€inside€the€defendant's€residenceÏand€knew€that€the€defendant€often€drank.€ÌÌà àà àSandra€Williams,€the€defendant's€former€girlfriend,Ïtestified€that€she€was€living€with€the€defendant€at€the€time€ofÏthe€offense.€€She€stated€that€her€work€records€indicated€thatÍshe€was€at€home€on€April€12,€1994,€the€date€of€the€rape,€andÏthat€she€had€never€seen€the€defendant€sexually€abuse€hisÏchildren.€€She€did€state,€however,€that€the€victim€hadÏcomplained€that€a€man€named€Jim€had€sexually€abused€her.€€€ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€denied€that€he€had€sexually€abused€theÏvictim€and€stated€that€he€was€aware€of€TC's€claim€that€she€hadÏbeen€abused€by€someone€named€Jim.€€He€testified€that€he€did€notÏknow€the€victim€had€been€bleeding.€€The€defendant€claimed€thatÏthe€victim's€allegations€were€due€to€her€desire€to€live€with€herÏmother.ÌÌà@ àI€€à àà àÌà àà àThe€defendant€first€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€theÏevidence.€€He€asserts€that€contradictions€in€the€testimony€ofÏthe€state's€witnesses€entitled€him€to€an€acquittal.ÌÌà àà àOn€appeal,€of€course,€the€state€is€entitled€to€theÏstrongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonableÏinferences€which€might€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,Ï571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€The€credibility€of€theÏwitnesses,€the€weight€to€be€given€their€testimony,€and€theÍreconciliation€of€conflicts€in€the€proof€are€matters€entrustedÏto€the€jury€as€triers€of€fact.€€òòByrge€v.€Stateóó,€575€S.W.2d€292,Ï295€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€When€the€sufficiency€of€theÏevidence€is€challenged,€the€relevant€question€is€whether,€afterÏreviewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,Ïany€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essentialÏelements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòState€v.ÏWilliamsóó,€657€S.W.2d€405,€410€(Tenn.€1983),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€465ÏU.S.€1073€(1984);€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€A€crime€may€also€beÏestablished€by€the€use€of€circumstantial€evidence€only.€€òòStateÏv.€Tharpeóó,€726€S.W.2d€896,€899„900€(Tenn.€1987);€òòMarable€v.ÏStateóó,€203€Tenn.€440,€451„52,€313€S.W.2d€451,€457€(1958).€ÌÌà àà àTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„522(a)€defines€the€offense€ofÏrape€of€a€child€as€"the€unlawful€sexual€penetration€of€a€victimÏby€the€defendant€or€the€defendant€by€a€victim,€if€such€victim€isÏless€than€thirteen€(13)€years€of€age."€€Sexual€penetration€isÏdefined€as€"sexual€intercourse,€cunnilingus,€fellatio,€analÏintercourse,€or€any€other€intrusion,€however€slight,€of€any€partÏof€a€person's€body€or€of€any€object€into€the€genital€or€analÏopenings€of€the€victim's,€the€defendant's,€or€any€other€person'sÏbody,€but€emission€of€semen€is€not€required[.]"€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Íðð€39„13„501(7).€€ÌÌà àà àHere,€the€state€presented€testimony€that€the€defendantÏhad€anally€penetrated€his€eleven„year„old€daughter.€€The€juryÏchose€to€accredit€the€testimony€of€the€victim€and€rejected€theÏclaims€of€the€defendant.€€It€was€entitled€to€do€so.€€Because€aÏrational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elementsÏof€the€crime,€the€evidence€was€legally€sufficient€to€support€aÏconviction€of€rape€of€a€child.€€òòSeeóó€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443ÏU.S.€307€(1979).ÌÌà@ àIIÌà àà àThe€defendant€also€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erredÏby€imposing€the€maximum€sentence.€€When€there€is€a€Ñ7€tXdÈXdÈ7Ñchallenge€toÏthe€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€it€is€theÏduty€of€this€court€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€with€aÏpresumption€that€the€determinations€made€by€the€trial€court€areÏcorrect.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„40l(d).€€This€presumption€isÏ"conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€theÏtrial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€allÏrelevant€facts€and€circumstances."€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2dÏl66,€l69€(Tenn.€l99l);€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597€(Tenn.Í1994).€€The€Sentencing€Commission€Comments€provide€that€theÏburden€is€on€the€defendant€to€show€the€impropriety€of€theÏsentence.€€ÌÌà àà àOur€review€requires€an€analysis€of€(l)€the€evidence,Ïif€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€sentencing€hearing;€(2)€theÏpresentence€report;€(3)€the€principles€of€sentencing€and€theÏarguments€of€counsel€relative€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(4)Ïthe€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense;€(5)€anyÏmitigating€or€enhancing€factors;€(6)€any€statements€made€by€theÏdefendant€in€his€own€behalf;€and€(7)€the€defendant's€potentialÏfor€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„l02,Ï„l03,€and€„2l0;€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€735€S.W.2d€859,€863€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€l987).ÌÌò òà àà àó óIn€calculating€the€sentence€on€a€felony€conviction,Ïthe€presumption€is€generally€the€minimum€within€the€range€ifÏthere€are€no€enhancement€or€mitigating€factors.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€40„35„210(c).€€òòButóó€òòseeóó€1995€Tenn.€Pub.€Acts€ch.€493€(amendingÏthe€statute€effective€July€1,€1995,€to€make€the€presumptiveÏsentence€in€a€Class€A€felony€the€midpoint€in€the€range).€€IfÏthere€are€enhancement€factors€but€no€mitigating€factors,€theÍtrial€court€may€set€the€sentence€above€the€minimum.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€€40„35„210(d).€€A€sentence€involving€both€enhancement€andÏmitigating€factors€requires€an€assignment€of€relative€weight€forÏthe€enhancement€factors€as€a€means€of€increasing€the€sentence.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(e).€€The€sentence€may€then€beÏreduced€within€the€range€by€any€weight€assigned€to€theÏmitigating€factors€present.€€òòIdóó.€ÌÌà àà àHere,€the€trial€court€found€that€the€following€fourÏenhancement€factors€applied:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à(a)€The€defendant€had€a€prior€history€ofÏcriminal€convictions€or€behavior€inÏaddition€to€those€necessary€to€establishÏthe€appropriate€range,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ40„35„114(1);ÌÌà8 àà8 à(b)€The€personal€injuries€inflicted€uponÏthe€victim€were€particularly€great,€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(6);ÌÌà8 àà8 à(c)€The€offense€was€committed€to€gratifyÏthe€defendant's€desire€for€pleasure€orÏexcitement,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(7);ÏandÌÌà8 àà8 à(d)€The€defendant€abused€a€position€ofÏprivate€trust,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(15).ÌÌÓÓThe€defendant€does€not€challenge€the€application€of€factors€(1)Ïand€(15)€but€claims€that€the€record€does€not€support€theÍapplication€of€factors€(6)€and€(7).ÌÌà àà àIn€our€opinion,€both€factors€are€supported€by€theÏevidence.€€Dr.€Smith€testified€that€the€victim€had€"quite€a€bitÏof€extensive€damage"€to€the€vaginal€area.€€That€alone€warrantsÏthe€finding€of€particularly€great€personal€injuries€to€theÏvictim.€€There€was€also€evidence€that€the€defendant€had€"french"Ïkissed€the€victim€and€touched€her€chest€prior€to€the€rape.€€InÏour€view,€these€facts€would€also€support€the€finding€that€theÏoffense€was€sexually€motivated.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Adamsóó,€864€S.W.2dÏ31,€34„35€(Tenn.€1993).€à àÌÌà àà àIn€summary,€the€trial€court's€findings€support€theÏapplication€of€the€four€enhancement€factors€and€the€impositionÏof€the€maximum€sentence€of€twenty„five€years.ÌÌà àà àAccordingly,€the€judgment€is€affirmed.ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌà àà àà àà àà àGary€R.€Wade,€JudgeÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌòòÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌJohn€H.€Peay,€JudgeÌÌÌòòÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌDavid€H.€Welles,€Judge