ÿWPC  …# VU:a %› 0Û¡w| 4’ ¦ µ 0½ 0DÜ  0J 0Tj 0^¾ 0h 0r„ 0|ö 0†r 0ø 1uˆU,ý 0d) BU,ªU*ÖB)DC) D3l AMŸµì 0@¡Fáv~'vÓ¥ AOxÆÇ 0D D/Ñ B ˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0†,c½¬AZ‹"Arial RegularX(³]ï$¡¡ÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÒ4°ÒÒh°ÒÑ7€©ÁXXdìXXdì7ÑÑ  Ѷ Ó€À Á mG 3|xÅ (Ï(3W~$¤¤Ý ƒ]ï!ÝÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÒ4°ÒÒh°ÒÑ7€*°XXdædæ7ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýà Œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d((((7Border 1dd""""'ÿÿdxd€-)Cþÿ << Gÿÿ «Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€'ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ h ÒÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€'ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€'XÔÌÌFebruaryÏ13,Ï1996ÌÌCecilÏCrowson,ÏJr.ÌAppellateÏCourtÏClerkÔ  Ôó ó("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò <Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€'ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ h ÒÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€Ô€'ôÔWe€note€that€for€all€Class€A€felonies€committed€after€July€1,€1995,€the€presumptive€sentence€isÏnow€the€midpoint€of€the€range€if€there€are€no€enhancement€or€mitigating€factors.€€œT.C.A.›€ðð€40„35„210(c)Ï(œSupp›.€1995).ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA: T Monaco ÒÒ  BA: T Monaco Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€&&X„d&ÓÑ#€&&Xd#ÑÔ€'ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ h ÒÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÙ€€ÙÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ Ü ÑÓ ` °˜XÓ›œßL€+,);+'h|` ´- `€€Lß›à@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINALÏAPPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEÌÌà@ àDECEMBER€SESSION€1995ÌÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,€à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€œ01C01›„9503„CC„00086Ìà àAppellee,€à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àBedfordÏCountyÌv.à àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àHon.ÏCharles€Lee,€JudgeÌROBERT€TERRY€CROWSON,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à à(SecondÏDegree€Murder)Ìà àAppellant.à àà àà à)ÌÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appellant:à àà àà àà àà àFor€theÏAppellee:óóÌÌThomas€T.€Woodallà àà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌ203€Murrell€Streetà àà àà àà àà àAttorneyÏGeneral€of€TennesseeÌP.O.€Box€1075à àà àà àà àà àà àandÌDickson,€TN€37065„1075à àà àà àà àCharletteÏReed€ChambersÌ(On€appeal€only)à àà àà àà àà à450€JamesÏRobertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,ÏTN€37243„0493ÌRobert€Marlow€ÌAssistant€District€Public€Defenderà àà àWilliamÏMichael€McCownÌP.O.€Box€1119à àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌFayetteville,€TN€37334à àà àà àà àà àandÌ(At€trial€and€on€appeal)à àà àà àà àGary€M.€Jones€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€AttorneyÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àandÌà àà àà àà àà àà àRobert€CriglerÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€AttorneyÌà àà àà àà àà àà àBedford€County€CourthouseÌà àà àà àà àà àà àShelbyville,€TN€37160ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌJoseph€M.€TiptonÌJudge€Ìà@ àòòò òÌÌà@ àO€P€I€N€I€O€Nóóó óÌÑ ° ÑÌÓÓÌà àThe€defendant,€Robert€Terry€Crowson,€was€convicted€for€second€degreeÏmurder€in€a€jury€trial€in€the€Circuit€Court€of€Bedford€County.€€He€was€sentenced€as€aÏRange€I,€standard€offender€to€eighteen€years€and€six€months€in€the€custody€of€theÏDepartment€of€Correction.€€He€appeals€as€of€right€and€contends€(1)€that€the€evidenceÏis€insufficient€to€support€a€second€degree€murder€conviction€and€(2)€that€his€sentenceÏis€excessive€because€of€the€trial€court's€failure€to€apply€certain€mitigating€factors.€€WeÏhold€that€the€evidence€is€sufficient€and€that€his€sentence€is€not€excessive.Ìà àà àÌà àThe€facts€surrounding€this€offense€involve€an€argument€between€theÏdefendant€and€his€brother,€the€victim,€which€culminated€in€the€defendant€shooting€theÏvictim€three€times.€€The€defendantððs€mother,€Hazel€Crowson,€testified€that€she,€theÏdefendant€and€her€boyfriend,€Cat€Pinkston,€had€been€drinking€at€a€local€bar€earlier€inÏthe€day€on€November€6,€1993.€€She€stated€that€everyone€had€about€two€beers.€€SheÏtestified€that€the€defendant€and€the€victim€began€arguing€upon€their€return€home.€€SheÏremembered€that€the€argument€had€something€to€do€with€the€defendantððs€tone€ofÏvoice€with€her€and€stated€that€the€victim€would€often€get€angry€with€the€defendantÏbecause€of€his€treatment€of€her.€€She€testified€that€the€argument€escalated€until€theÏvictim€hit€the€defendant€on€the€head€with€something.€€At€that€point,€she€told€them€toÏstop€fighting€and€her€sons€complied.ÌÌà àMs.€Crowson€testified€that€the€victim€went€outside€and€the€defendantÏwent€to€the€back€bedroom€of€their€trailer€where€her€pistol€was€located.€€She€recountedÏthat€the€victim€said,€ð ðI€believe€[the€defendantððs]€going€to€get€a€gun,ðð€and€that€she€toldÏhim€that€she€hoped€not.€€She€stated€that€she€called€the€victim€back€to€the€trailerÏbecause€the€defendant€was€bleeding€badly€and€needed€to€be€taken€to€the€hospital.€ÏShe€said€that€the€victim€pushed€open€the€door€but€never€did€fight€with€the€defendant.€ÏShe€remembered€that€the€victim€just€stood€in€the€doorway€and€the€defendant€startedÍÑ  Ñshooting€at€him.€€After€the€defendant€had€fired€the€gun,€Mr.€Pinkston€removed€the€gunÏfrom€his€hand.ÌÌà àOn€cross„examination,€Ms.€Crowson€admitted€that€she,€the€defendantÏand€Mr.€Pinkston€drank€a€lot€that€day.€€She€stated€that€the€victim€hit€the€defendantÏseveral€times€and€that€the€victim€was€a€lot€larger€than€the€defendant.€€She€testified€thatÏthe€victim€had€hit€the€defendant€before€but€that€this€was€the€worst€beating€she€hadÏever€seen€the€victim€inflict€on€the€defendant.€€She€stated€that€the€defendant€cameÏback€from€the€bedroom€with€the€gun€and€was€bleeding€profusely.€€She€testified€thatÏthe€victim€pushed€the€door€open,€startled€her€and€the€defendant€pushed€her€out€of€theÏway€and€began€shooting.€€She€admitted€that€she€too€had€been€involved€in€theÏstruggle€that€night€and€had€suffered€several€broken€ribs.ÌÌà àDeputy€George€C.€Marsh,€Jr.,€of€the€Bedford€County€SheriffððsÏDepartment€testified€that€he€arrived€at€the€defendantððs€residence€to€find€the€victimððsÏbody€on€the€floor€of€the€living€room.€€He€stated€that€the€defendant€was€sitting€on€theÏfloor€next€to€the€victim€and€rocking€back€and€forth€when€he€arrived.€€He€stated€that€Ms.ÏCrowson€and€Mr.€Pinkston€were€also€present.€€He€testified€that€he€found€the€pistol€onÏthe€kitchen€table€about€seven€or€eight€feet€from€the€body€after€Mr.€Pinkston€told€himÏwhere€it€was€located.€€He€said€that€the€defendantððs€injuries€did€not€appear€to€beÏserious€and€that€the€defendant€was€able€to€walk€and€respond€appropriately€toÍquestions.€€On€cross„examination,€he€admitted€that€there€was€a€strong€odor€of€alcoholÏabout€the€defendant€and€that€he€could€have€been€intoxicated.ÌÌà àDetective€David€C.€Reed€of€the€Moore€County€Sheriffððs€Department€wasÏChief€Detective€for€Bedford€County€on€the€night€of€the€offense.€€He€testified€that€heÏarrived€at€the€crime€scene€after€midnight€and€that€the€victim€was€found€dead€at€theÏscene.€€He€stated€that€the€defendant€was€present€and€that€his€injuries€were€serious€ð ðinÏthat€he€was€bleedingðð€but€that€the€injuries€were€not€life„threatening.€€He€asked€theÏdefendant€if€he€wanted€to€go€to€the€hospital€and€the€defendant€told€him€yes.€€DetectiveÏReed€testified€that€he€examined€the€victim€at€both€the€crime€scene€and€at€the€hospital.€ÏHe€stated€that€the€examination€at€the€hospital€revealed€that€the€victim€had€sufferedÏthree€gunshot€wounds:€one€to€the€edge€of€his€beard,€one€to€the€chest€and€one€contactÏwound€to€the€back.€€He€stated€that€a€search€of€the€residence€uncovered€a€gun€holsterÏin€the€bedroom€and€ammunition€in€the€bathroom.€€He€also€found€a€blood„soaked€sockÏin€the€bathroom€that€the€defendant€had€wiped€his€face€with€before€returning€to€theÏliving€room.€€ÌÌà àDetective€Reed€recounted€the€circumstances€surrounding€the€statementÏgiven€by€the€defendant€on€the€morning€after€the€killing.€€He€stated€that€he€œadvised›€theÏdefendant€of€his€rights€and€that€the€defendant€responded€that€he€was€able€to€talk.€€TheÏdefendant€told€Detective€Reed€that€he,€his€mother€and€Mr.€Pinkston€had€gotten€into€anÍargument€over€who€would€drive€home€from€the€bar€the€night€before.€€They€were€stillÏarguing€when€they€returned€home€and€the€victim€told€the€defendant€not€to€cuss€theirÏmother.€€The€victim€hit€the€defendant€and€a€fight€ensued€that€lasted€about€threeÏminutes.€€The€defendant€told€Detective€Reed€that€he€wanted€to€get€his€motherððs€pistolÏfrom€her€bedroom€in€order€to€scare€the€victim.€€He€remembered€his€mother€warningÏthe€victim€as€he€walked€to€the€back€bedroom€for€the€gun.€€The€defendant€toldÏDetective€Reed€that€he€thought€the€victim€had€a€gun€in€his€car.€€The€defendant€went€toÏthe€bathroom€to€wipe€his€face€and€returned€to€the€living€room.€€He€told€Detective€ReedÏthat€his€mother€always€kept€the€pistol€loaded.ÌÌà àInitially,€the€defendant€told€Detective€Reed€that€the€victim€returned€to€theÏtrailer€and€began€fighting€with€him€again.€€Later,€the€defendant€said€that€the€victim€wasÏin€the€front€doorway€when€a€struggle€began€and€that€he€shot€the€victim€while€theÏvictim€was€on€top€of€him.€€He€told€Detective€Reed€that€he€tried€to€revive€the€victim€withÏCPR€for€about€twenty€minutes€and€finally€told€Mr.€Pinkston€to€call€911.€€When€askedÏwhat€happened€to€the€gun,€he€reported€that€Mr.€Pinkston€took€the€gun€away€from€himÏand€hit€him€in€the€head€with€it€after€he€shot€the€victim.ÌÌà àDetective€Reed€testified€that€the€defendantððs€testimony€at€the€preliminaryÏhearing€differed€in€several€respects€from€his€statement€given€on€the€night€of€theÏoffense.€€First,€the€defendant€testified€at€the€preliminary€hearing€that€no€argumentÍoccurred€between€himself,€Mr.€Pinkston€and€his€mother.€€Also,€he€testified€that€theÏinitial€attack€by€the€victim€was€totally€unprovoked.€€Finally,€the€defendant€stated€thatÏMr.€Pinkston€grabbed€the€pistol€from€him€causing€it€to€fire€and€strike€the€victim€threeÏtimes.€€Detective€Reed€testified€that€several€items€found€at€the€scene€were€sent€to€theÏTennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation€Crime€Lab€(TBI)€for€analysis.€€He€submitted€theÏpistol,€the€defendantððs€bloody€clothing€and€the€recovered€bullets€to€the€TBI€forÏanalysis.€€ÌÌà àOn€cross„examination,€Detective€Reed€testified€that€the€defendant€toldÏhim€that€he€thought€the€victim€had€gone€to€his€car€to€retrieve€a€.32€caliber€pistol.€ÏHowever,€Detective€Reed€testified€that€a€search€of€the€victimððs€car€did€not€uncover€theÏpistol.€€Detective€Reed€identified€a€photograph€taken€of€the€defendant€at€the€sceneÏthat€shows€the€severity€of€the€injuries€on€his€face.€€The€heater€coil€element€wasÏidentified€by€Detective€Reed€and€he€testified€that€the€TBI€confirmed€the€presence€ofÏhuman€blood€on€the€element.€€Detective€Reed€stated€that€Ms.€Crowson€wasÏunderstandably€upset€on€the€night€of€the€killing€but€that€she€did€not€appear€to€beÏintoxicated.€€He€testified€that€Mr.€Pinkston€was€ð ðhighly€intoxicated€to€the€point€whereÏhe€could€not€walk€almost.ðð€€Detective€Reed€stated€that€the€defendantððs€blood€alcoholÏcontent€was€.28€when€he€was€taken€to€the€emergency€room€immediately€after€theÏshooting.€€€€€€€ÌÌà àSpecial€Agent€Steve€Scott,€a€forensic€firearms€expert€with€the€TBI,Ïtestified€that€he€examined€the€pistol€and€bullets€recovered€from€the€scene€byÏDetective€Reed.€€He€stated€that€he€was€able€to€identify€the€three€bullets€sent€to€theÏcrime€lab€as€matches€to€the€three€fired€cartridges€found€in€the€pistol.€€However,€heÏwas€unable€to€make€a€definite€match€of€the€bullets€to€the€pistol€through€standard€test„firing€procedures€because€the€pistol€did€not€produce€significant€marks€on€fired€bullets.ÌÌà àDr.€Charles€Harlan,€Chief€Medical€Examiner€for€the€State€of€Tennessee,Ïtestified€regarding€the€results€of€the€autopsy€performed€upon€the€victim.€€He€identifiedÏthree€separate€entrance€wounds€and€no€exit€wounds.€€He€testified€that€gunshotÏwound€ð ðAðð€entered€in€the€victimððs€neck€and€traveled€into€the€chest€where€it€ultimatelyÏbecame€lodged€in€the€victimððs€spine.€€He€stated€that€gunshot€wound€ð ðBðð€enteredÏthrough€the€right€side€of€the€victimððs€chest€and€traveled€through€the€right€lung,€theÏaorta,€the€left€lung€and€ultimately€lodged€in€the€victimððs€ninth€rib.€€Dr.€Harlan€testifiedÏthat€gunshot€wound€ð ðCðð€entered€in€the€right€upper€back€and€traveled€through€muscleÏbefore€resting€in€soft€tissue.€€Dr.€Harlan€testified€regarding€the€various€distances€ofÏwounds€and€concluded€that€wounds€ð ðAðð€and€ð ðBðð€were€near€gunshot€wounds€fired€fromÏa€distance€between€twelve€and€twenty„four€inches€and€that€wound€ð ðCðð€was€a€nearÏgunshot€wound€with€stippling€fired€from€a€distance€between€zero€and€twelve€inches.€ÏHe€determined€the€victimððs€primary€cause€of€death€to€be€multiple€gunshot€woundsÏwith€wound€ð ðB,"€which€severed€the€aorta,€causing€primary€damage.€€On€cross„examination,€Dr.€Harlan€testified€that€he€was€unable€to€determine€the€order€in€whichÏthe€shots€were€fired.€€He€also€stated€that€the€victimððs€blood€showed€an€alcohol€contentÏof€.21€and€that€his€urine€showed€an€alcohol€content€of€.27.ÌÌà àThe€defendant€testified€that€he,€his€mother€and€Mr.€Pinkston€went€to€aÏlocal€bar€and€drank€ð ða€lot€of€beerðð€in€the€evening€of€November€6,€1993.€€They€arrivedÏhome€and€began€drinking€again.€€The€defendant€stated€that€the€victim€had€beenÏarguing€with€him€when€the€defendantððs€girlfriend€arrived.€€He€stated€that€they€wereÏsitting€there€when€ð ðthe€next€thing€I€know€I€get€hit€upside€the€head.ðð€€He€testified€that€theÏvictim€hit€him€with€the€heating€element€and€hit€him€more€than€once€with€his€fist.€€HeÏstated€that€the€victim€pointed€his€finger€at€him€and€threatened€him€before€goingÏoutside.€€He€testified€that€he€went€to€his€motherððs€room€to€get€her€pistol€because€heÏwas€scared€that€the€victim€had€gone€to€get€his€.32€pistol€from€his€car.€€He€recalled€thatÏas€he€looked€out€the€window€of€the€door,€the€victim€pushed€the€door€open€and€beganÏassaulting€him€again.€€He€could€not€recall€how€the€pistol€was€fired€but€testified€that€heÏdid€not€intentionally€pull€the€trigger€and€shoot€the€victim.€€He€stated€that€the€gun€firedÏduring€the€scuffle.€€He€testified€that€he€tried€to€preform€CPR€on€the€victim€and€finallyÏcalled€911.€€He€said€that€this€was€the€worst€that€the€victim€had€ever€beaten€him€andÏthat€he€was€terrified€of€the€victim.€€€ÌÌà àOn€cross„examination,€the€defendant€testified€that€they€had€been€homeÏabout€twenty€or€thirty€minutes€before€the€victim€began€arguing€with€him.€€He€deniedÏgetting€into€an€argument€with€his€mother€on€the€way€home€from€the€bar€and€testifiedÏthat€the€last€argument€he€and€his€mother€had€was€about€one€week€before€theÏshooting.€€The€defendant€testified€that€he€never€saw€a€weapon€in€the€victimððs€handsÏwhen€he€returned€to€the€living€room€but€that€ð ð[œh]e›€could€have€had€one.ðð€€He€admittedÏthat€after€the€victim€threatened€him€and€went€outside€he€did€not€go€into€the€bedroomÏand€lock€the€door€or€call€the€police€and€agreed€that€the€first€thing€he€did€was€get€hisÏmotherððs€gun.€€He€admitted€that€there€was€no€imminent€threat€to€his€safety€when€heÏwent€to€the€bedroom,€the€bathroom€and€returned€to€the€living€room.€€He€deniedÏtestifying€at€the€preliminary€hearing€that€the€gun€discharged€when€Mr.€PinkstonÏgrabbed€him.€€Ì€€€Ìà@ àò òIó óÌà àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€aÏconviction€for€second€degree€murder.€€He€argues€that€he€shot€the€victim€in€self„defense€and€that€he€was€justified€in€his€use€of€deadly€force€given€the€severe€beatingÏthe€victim€had€inflicted€upon€him€a€few€minutes€earlier.€€The€state€responds€that€it€wasÏthe€juryððs€prerogative€to€disbelieve€the€defendantððs€claim€of€self„defense€and€that€theÏproof€is€sufficient€to€show€an€intentional€and€knowing€killing.€€€Ìà àÌà àOur€standard€of€review€when€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€isÏquestioned€on€appeal€is€"whether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€mostÏfavorable€to€the€prosecution,€òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essentialÏelements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.Ï307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979).€€This€means€that€we€may€not€reweigh€theÏevidence,€but€must€presume€that€the€jury€has€resolved€all€conflicts€in€the€testimonyÏand€drawn€all€reasonable€inferences€from€the€evidence€in€favor€of€the€state.€€òòSeeóóÏòòState€v.€Sheffieldóó,€676€œS.W.2d›€542,€547€(Tenn.€1984);€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2dÏ832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).ÌÌà àA€conviction€for€second€degree€murder€requires€proof€that€the€defendantÏcommitted€a€knowing€killing.€€œT.C.A.›€ðð€39„13„210(a)(1).€€The€evidence€showed€that€theÏdefendant€and€the€victim€were€involved€in€a€serious€altercation.€€Once€the€argumentÏhad€dissipated,€the€defendant€armed€himself€and€shot€the€victim€while€he€enteredÏtheir€home.€€The€victim€was€shot€three€times€in€the€neck€and€chest€area€with€oneÏwound€severing€his€aorta.€€The€jury€was€entitled€to€reject€the€defendantððs€claim€of€self„defense€and€to€find€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€he€unlawfully€and€knowingly€shotÏand€killed€the€victim.€€We€hold€that€there€is€sufficient€evidence€that€the€defendantÏcommitted€the€offense€of€second€degree€murder.€€€ÌÌà à€à@ àò òIIó óÌà àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€imposed€an€excessiveÏsentence€of€eighteen€years€and€six€months.€€Second€degree€murder€is€a€Class€AÏfelony€and€carries€a€sentencing€range€of€fifteen€to€twenty„five€years€for€a€Range€I,Ïstandard€offender.€€The€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€should€have€applied€theÏfollowing€mitigating€factors,€as€listed€in€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„113,€to€arrive€at€the€minimumÏsentence€of€fifteen€years:ÌÓ  ÓÓÓà8 à(3)€Substantial€grounds€exist€tending€to€excuse€or€justifyÏthe€defendantððs€criminal€conduct,€though€failing€toÏestablish€a€defense,€andÌ€Ìà8 à(11)€The€defendant,€although€guilty€of€the€crime,€committedÏthe€offense€under€such€unusual€circumstances€that€it€isÏunlikely€that€a€sustained€intent€to€violate€the€law€motivatedÏhis€conduct.€€€ÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓThe€state€responds€that€factor€(3)€does€not€apply€because€the€fight€between€theÏdefendant€and€the€victim€had€ceased€and€the€victim€had€left€the€trailer.€€The€state€alsoÏargues€that€factor€(11)€does€not€apply€because€the€defendant€testified€that€he€and€theÏvictim€often€argued€and€because€the€defendant€had€ample€time€to€leave€the€premisesÏor€seek€safety€but€chose€not€to€do€so.€ÌÌà àAppellate€review€of€sentencing€is€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€on€the€record€with€aÏpresumption€that€the€trial€court's€determinations€are€correct.€€T.C.A.€ðððð€40„35„401(d)Ïand€„402(d).€€As€the€Sentencing€Commission€Comments€to€these€sections€note,€theÏburden€is€now€on€the€appealing€party€to€show€that€the€sentencing€is€improper.€€ThisÍmeans€that€if€the€trial€court€follows€the€statutory€sentencing€procedure,€makes€findingsÏof€fact€that€are€adequately€supported€by€the€record€and€gives€due€consideration€andÏproper€application€of€the€factors€and€principles€that€are€relevant€to€sentencing€underÏthe€1989€Sentencing€Act,€we€may€not€disturb€the€sentence€even€if€a€different€resultÏwere€preferred.€€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805€S.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€ÏHowever,€"the€presumption€of€correctness€which€accompanies€the€trial€court's€actionÏis€conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€courtÏconsidered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances."€€òòStateÏv.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).ÌÌà àThe€sentence€to€be€imposed€by€the€trial€court€is€presumptively€theÏminimum€in€the€range€unless€there€are€enhancement€factors€present.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210€(c).œ× ƒ. ××  ×›€€Procedurally,€the€trial€court€is€to€increase€the€sentence€within€the€rangeÏbased€upon€the€existence€of€enhancement€factors€and,€then,€reduce€the€sentence€asÏappropriate€for€any€mitigating€factors.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210(d)€and€(e).€€The€weight€toÏbe€afforded€an€existing€factor€is€left€to€the€trial€courtððs€discretion€so€long€as€it€compliesÏwith€the€purposes€and€principles€of€the€1989€Sentencing€Act€and€its€findings€areÏadequately€supported€by€the€record.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210,€Sentencing€CommissionÏComments;€òòMossóó,€727€S.W.2d€at€237;€òòseeóó€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169.€€For€theÍpurpose€of€review,€the€trial€court€must€preserve€in€the€record€the€factors€it€found€toÏapply€and€the€specific€findings€of€fact€upon€which€it€applied€the€sentencing€principlesÏto€arrive€at€the€sentence.€€See€T.C.A.€ðððð€40„35„210(f)€and€„209(c).ÌÌà àIn€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review,€we€must€consider€(1)€the€evidence,€ifÏany,€received€at€the€trial€and€sentencing€hearing,€(2)€the€presentence€report,€(3)€theÏprinciples€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives,€(4)€the€natureÏand€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conduct,€(5)€any€mitigating€or€statutoryÏenhancement€factors,€(6)€any€statement€that€the€defendant€made€on€his€own€behalfÏand€(7)€the€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€T.C.A.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103€and€„210;€òòseeóó€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€168;€òòState€v.€Mossóó,€727€S.W.2d€229€(Tenn.€1986).ÌÌà àThe€trial€court€found€that€the€following€enhancement€factors€as€listed€inÏœT.C.A.›€ðð€40„35„114€were€applicable:ÌÓ  ÓÓÓà8 à(1)€the€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminalÏconvictions€or€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€thoseÏnecessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range,ÌÌà8 à(8)€the€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€unwillingness€toÏcomply€with€the€conditions€of€a€sentence€involving€releaseÏinto€the€community,€and€ÌÌà8 à(9)€the€defendant€employed€a€firearm€during€theÏcommission€of€the€offense.ÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓThe€trial€court€enhanced€the€defendantððs€sentence€to€twenty€years€based€upon€theseÏfactors.€€However,€the€trial€court€also€found€that€the€defendant€acted€under€strongÏprovocation€as€mitigation,€œT.C.A.›€ðð€40„35„113(2),€and€decreased€the€sentence€toÏeighteen€years€and€six€months.€€In€doing€so,€it€noted€that€mitigating€factor€(3),€relativeÏto€the€defendant's€conduct€being€somewhat€justified,€was€similar€to€factor€(2),€but€itÏdeclined€to€apply€both€under€the€evidence€before€it.ÌÌà àThe€presentence€report€reflects€that€the€defendant€has€a€history€ofÏmisdemeanor€convictions€relating€to€driving€under€the€influence,€jail€escape€andÏreckless€endangerment.€€Both€of€the€reckless€endangerment€convictions€involved€aÏdeadly€weapon€and€occurred€just€five€months€before€the€present€offense.€€Thus,€theÏdefendant€was€on€probation€from€these€convictions€when€this€offense€occurred.€€TheÏdefendant€admitted€to€the€presentence€investigation€officer€that€the€exact€number€ofÏhis€arrests€was€unknown€ð ðbut€would€probably€exceed€twenty.ððÌÌà àThe€defendant€was€thirty„one€years€old€when€the€present€offense€wasÏcommitted.€€He€is€a€junior€high€drop„out€and€has€maintained€employment€for€theÏlongest€duration€of€only€fifty„six€days€when€he€was€twenty„nine€years€old.€€He€livesÏwith€his€mother,€who€reported€that€he€does€not€contribute€to€expenses€such€as€rent€orÏfood.€€The€defendant€claimed€to€have€completed€an€alcohol€›rehabilitation€program€inÏAugust€of€1993,€yet€testified€at€trial€that€he,€his€mother€and€Mr.€Pinkston€œhad€had›€a€lotÍto€drink€on€the€night€of€the€offense,€just€three€months€later.€€All€of€these€factors€weighÏheavily€against€the€defendantððs€potential€for€rehabilitation.€ÌÌà àFurthermore,€as€the€state€argues,€the€circumstances€surrounding€theÏoffense€do€not€lend€themselves€wholly€to€application€of€the€mitigating€factors€theÏdefendant€wants€us€to€apply.€€The€evidence€reflects€that€after€the€argument€hadÏceased,€the€defendant€obtained€a€weapon€from€his€motherððs€bedroom€and€shot€hisÏunarmed€brother€as€the€brother€reentered€the€trailer.€€As€previously€noted,€the€trialÏcourt's€determinations,€including€its€refusal€to€apply€sentencing€factors,€are€presumedÏto€be€correct.€€In€this€regard,€we€are€unable€to€conclude€that€the€evidenceÏpreponderates€against€the€trial€court's€findings€and€determinations€so€as€to€requireÏapplication€of€either€mitigating€factor€(3)€or€(11).€€We€conclude€that€the€sentence€ofÏeighteen€years€and€six€months€is€appropriate.ÌÌà àIn€consideration€of€the€foregoing€and€the€record€as€a€whole,€theÏjudgment€of€conviction€is€affirmed.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌà àà àà àà àà àà àJoseph€M.€œTipton›,€JudgeÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌJoe€B.€Jones,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌPaul€G.€Summers,€JudgeÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌ