ÿWPC! K¤'±`1ÞÐËÔ€EWýw7ìCÔy»žn?l:‰Ñ»TÛÞ\ UŒ;»È¶§ì­øy¹Äš§ï£ºð¡ú„EY΂„J¨gu{ÊÔ*„¯: C‹ëı-8ø’â|$.ÏCr•˜>ØB·$ÏòFaežÖç|HöµCVå}•R×·ç:GÍr83²Šê%_¹ ÜÜy6S˜ƒ¡ŸzÒÚ[WuŒ@×½Vâ2Ü.Á§Ìðý› „=3å#1Ù•N~%W»8[ûFPbÀÃZ$¤Ãã0yI5’.˸˜d©æ橞¡~ª¦!‘óy÷¢7ÛF4y ssNP[’p¸]¡‡ž³–É{‰ ™°“Øt!ã8÷‘Bµþ {„+•« 8X¬ä¤˜ 2ä×g6² Wâ2ã½a艭 '²¨¿T›Ds®‹ ,Mã< ðà&$Äa?<¤jvÏÝÅÁPt#`g7Ü™7 Ž 9¢^Oæq<œ8˜Îlfî´y*-‰xäiDbBcLÇtÞt ÌÍ`Ö w t‰!FÍ ·\X’ÓŒR3<^L$îŠÏ1»Ð>n‚ê¼”uïᅧ“¿V6ía÷(éègE’þ¦Ûk½6ƒ×‹b %\ 72b 0ˆ”UN 1j 0c÷ 1Z zç Òa 1u3 72¨ ^ Ú wæ Æê ư Æv Æ<4N 1‡'E® 0w°' m) 1‡@ 72Ç 1‡ù 72€ 1‡² 729 1‡k 72ò 1‡$ 72« 1‡Ý 72d 1‡– 72 1‡O 72Ö 1‡ 72#ÁÁ)‚b« 0D³÷¹ÿ D/¸ Bççççççççççççççççççççççççççççççç 0ë Bïï 0¤  D3° D-ã 0K AS[Æ® 0¤t 0D A«\ »(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular(¶éCEMU]emu}AutoList1(A)(A)(A)(A)(A)(A)(A)(A)(;³ª$´´Ô2,%ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à(¶ÙCEMU]emu}AutoList2(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1) ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a) i)»ªÞ(L Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5¬sp'¨› k2T ¢3|x0º½CEKQW]cioAutoList4A:A:A:A:A:A:A:A:(Oé;$µµà0  àÔ2#ÔÚ  ÚaÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#àÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(ʽCEKQW]cioAutoList5A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.(Ú½CEKQW]cioAutoList6A:A:A:A:A:A:A:A:A:(ê½CEKQW]cioAutoList7A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.(ú½CEKQW]cioAutoList8A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A. A.( ¾CEKQW]cioAutoList9A:A:A:A:A:A:A:A:"A:(*ùEGMSY_ekqAutoList10A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.$A.(:ùEGMSY_ekqAutoList11A:A:A:A:A:A:A:A:&A:(JùEGMSY_ekqAutoList12A.A.A.A.A.A.A.A.(A.(ZùEGMSY_ekqAutoList13A:A:A:A:A:A:A:A:*A:˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0 Ý ƒRãF$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€XvüX»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€trial€court€sustained€the€defendant's€objection€to€this€response€on€the€grounds€that€theÐ ° Ðquestion€was€beyond€the€scope€of€cross„examination.€€The€trial€court€did€not€give€a€curativeÐ –æ Ðinstruction€to€the€jury,€nor€was€such€instruction€requested.€€It€appears,€then,€that€there€was€referenceÐ |Ì Ðto€gangs€during€the€trial€itself€that€was€not€outside€information.- ù-(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó  ¯Ý ƒRãF$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€XvüX»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€defendant,€Bobby€Lee€Thomas,€Jr.€is€deceased.33'÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd(|G2ãF$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€0»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€XvüX»»Ô d(|3Žf$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€0»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3Žf$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€0»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€0»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÔ€¼0»»»ÔÑ  Ñà@HHìàIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@''%ìàAT€JACKSONˆÐ ¾ ÐÔ‡XvüX»¼0ÔÌò òÔ#†¼0»XXvüM#ÔÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€LARRY€Ô_ÔCURRIEÔ_Ô,€òòet€alóó.Ô‡XvüX»¼0Ôó óÐ ² ÐÓ“ÓÌà@– – ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Henry€CountyˆÐ ¦ ö Ðà@Ø Ø ìàNo.€12754€€€€€€Julian€P.€Ô_ÔGuinnÔ_Ô,€JudgeˆÐ Œ Ü ÐÌÌà@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<= ` A߈Ð > Ž  ÐÌà@« « ìàNo.€W1999„01532„CCA„R3„CD€„€Decided€June€28,€Ô_Ô2000Ô_ԈР3ƒ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<þ` AßÐ ÿO  Ðó óÌà  àThe€defendants,€Larry€Ô_ÔCurrieÔ_Ô€and€Christopher€Curtis€Love,€appeal€as€of€right€from€the€juryÐ ôD  Ðverdict€in€the€Henry€County€trial€court€that€found€them€guilty€of€aggravated€assault€of€the€victim,Ð Ú*  ÐReginald€Franklin€Thompson.׃1×Ý ƒ/#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Each€defendant€was€sentenced€to€three€(3)€years€with€one€(1)€yearÐ À Ðof€continuous€confinement€and€the€balance€on€supervised€probation.€€Both€defendants€filed€motionsÐ ¦ö Ðfor€a€new€trial,€which€were€denied€by€the€trial€court.€€The€defendants€collectively€raise€two€issuesÐ ŒÜ Ðfor€our€consideration:€(1)€whether€there€was€sufficient€evidence€for€a€rational€trier€of€fact€to€find€theÐ r Ðdefendants€guilty€of€aggravated€assault€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt;€and€(2)€whether€the€juryÐ X¨ Ðimproperly€considered€facts€that€were€not€in€evidence€in€reaching€its€verdict.€€After€careful€reviewÐ >Ž Ðof€the€record,€we€AFFIRM€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€Ô#†¼0»XXvüï#ÔÔ‡XvüX»¼0ÔÐ $t ÐÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€is€Affirmed.ó óÐ ð@ ÐÌòòÔ_ÔLaffertyÔ_Ô,€Sr.€J.Ô#†¼0»àXvüÑ#ÔÔ‡XvüX.¼0Ôóó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòÔ_ÔTiptonÔ_Ô,€J.,óó€and€òòWelles,€J.óó,€joined.Ð ¼  ÐÌVictoria€L.€Ô_ÔDiBonaventuraÔ_Ô,€Barton€F.€Ô_ÔRobisonÔ_Ô€and€Jim€L.€Fields,€Paris,€Tennessee,€for€theÐ ˆØ Ðappellants,€Larry€Ô_ÔCurrieÔ_Ô€and€Christopher€Curtis€Love.Ð n¾ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter,€and€J.€Ross€Dyer,€Assistant€Attorney€General,Ð : Š  Ðfor€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð  !p! ÐÌà@55'ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼0»XXvü¶ #ÔÔ‡XvüX»¼0ԈРì"<# ÐÌÔ#†¼0»XXvüt #ÔÔ‡XvüX»¼0Ôà  àThis€case€was€tried€on€December€7,€1998.€€The€victim€testified€that€on€the€morning€of€MarchÐ ¸$ % Ð31,€1998,€he€drove€to€the€house€where€his€ex„girlfriend,€Philistine€Ô_ÔTharpeÔ_Ô,€lived€with€their€infant€sonÐ ž%î & Ðand€her€current€boyfriend,€James€King.€€King€was€also€a€friend€of€the€three€defendants.€€The€victimÐ „&Ô!' Ðtestified€that€his€purpose€in€going€there€was€to€get€money€from€Ms.€Ô_ÔTharpeÔ_Ô€for€a€Fish€Fry€ParadeÐ j'º"( Ðfloat€that€their€son€was€to€ride€on.€€He€had€previously€left€a€message€for€Ms.€Ô_ÔTharpeÔ_Ô€at€her€motherððsÐ P( #) Ðhouse€concerning€the€money.€€The€victim€had€enlisted€a€friend,€Timmy€Ô_ÔTharpeÔ_Ô,€to€go€with€him€inÐ 6)†$* Ðcase€there€was€trouble€with€King€and€his€friends.€€King€had€previously€made€threats€and€commentsÐ *l%+ Ðto€the€victim€on€several€occasions€when€he€had€been€to€Ms.€Ô_ÔTharpeÔ_Ôððs€home€to€pick€up€his€baby.€Ð +R&,ý' ÐÔ_Ô‡à  àWhen€the€victim€arrived€at€the€residence,€he€saw€four€men€standing€or€working€on€a€car€inÐ ° Ðthe€driveway.€€The€victim€got€out€of€his€car,€which€he€had€parked€on€the€street,€and€walked€onto€anÐ –æ Ðembankment€next€to€the€street,€directly€in€front€of€the€residence.€€According€to€the€victim,€KingÐ |Ì Ðasked€him€what€he€was€doing€there,€to€which€the€victim€replied€that€he€was€not€there€to€start€troubleÐ b² Ðbut€only€to€talk€to€Tilly€(Ms.€Tharpe).€€King€told€the€victim,€ð ð[G]et€out€of€my€f___ing€yard,€and€getÐ H˜ Ðin€your€car€before€I€kick€your€ass.ðð€€As€he€spoke,€King€came€down€some€steps€toward€theÐ . ~ Ðembankment€with€Currie€on€his€right€and€Thomas€and€Love€on€his€left.€€The€victim€testified€thatÐ  d ÐTilly€then€came€out€of€the€house,€and€he€told€her€he€needed€to€talk€to€her.€€King€made€moreÐ ú J Ðthreatening€comments€to€the€victim€about€speaking€to€Tilly.€€The€victim€denied€making€any€threatsÐ à 0 Ðto€the€defendants€during€this€altercation.€€Ð Æ   ÐÌà  àAs€the€victim€and€his€friend,€Timmy,€turned€back€to€get€into€their€cars,€Currie€pushed€theÐ ’â  Ðvictim€from€the€back.€€The€victim€stated€that€he€stumbled€on€the€embankment€and€was€struck€in€theÐ xÈ  Ðface€by€King.€€As€he€fell€into€the€street,€Currie,€Love,€and€Thomas€began€to€kick€and€punch€him.€Ð ^®  ÐThe€victim€was€able€to€get€up€on€his€feet€but€was€backed€up€into€a€construction€site€across€the€streetÐ D”  Ðfrom€Tillyððs€house.€€The€four€men€caught€up€with€him,€and€Thomas€struck€the€victim€in€the€backÐ *z  Ðwith€a€two€by€four€board€while€the€others€continued€their€attack.€€The€victimððs€friend,€Timmy,€droveÐ ` Ðhis€car€into€the€construction€site€to€scatter€the€attackers€and€pick€up€the€victim.€€In€the€fray,€ThomasÐ öF Ðstruck€Timmyððs€car€in€the€front€with€the€board.€€Timmy€spun€his€car€around,€and€the€back€end€hitÐ Ü, ÐThomas,€who€hit€the€car€in€the€rear€with€the€board.€€As€the€victim€ran€to€his€own€car,€LoveÐ Â Ðbrandished€a€sawed€off€shotgun€at€the€victim€and€said,€ð ðIððll€shoot€you,€nigger.€.€.€.Iððll€kill€you,Ð ¨ø Ðnigger.ðð€€The€victim€stated€that€Love€also€pointed€the€gun€at€Timmy.€€The€two€men€left€the€sceneÐ ŽÞ Ðand€drove€to€the€home€of€Timmyððs€father,€who€called€the€authorities.€€Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àAt€trial,€the€victim€identified€a€photograph€of€the€car€Timmy€was€driving€that€showed€theÐ @ Ðdamage€to€the€car.€€He€testified€that€he€received€deep€scratches€on€his€face,€neck,€and€back,€as€wellÐ &v Ðas€a€swollen€lip,€and€identified€two€photographs€depicting€his€injuries.€€The€victim€stated€that€he€didÐ  \ Ðnot€go€to€the€hospital€but€treated€himself€for€his€injuries.€Ð òB ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€the€victim€testified€that€he€showed€the€investigating€officer,€JockÐ ¾ ÐBass,€the€portion€of€his€back€where€Thomas€hit€him€with€the€board,€but€the€officer€did€not€take€aÐ ¤ô Ðpicture€of€his€back,€because€there€was€no€mark€from€the€board.€€The€victim€admitted€that€he€had€seenÐ Š Ú ÐTilly€earlier€that€morning€and€had€an€opportunity€to€discuss€the€float€money€with€her€but€forgot€toÐ p!À  Ðdo€so.€€€€€€Ð V"¦! ÐÌà  àTimmy€Tharpe,€the€victimððs€friend,€also€testified€at€trial.€€He€explained€that€he€and€the€victimÐ "$r# Ðarrived€at€Tillyððs€residence€in€separate€cars€on€the€morning€of€the€incident.€€He€remained€in€his€carÐ %X $ Ðat€first€but€could€tell€that€the€victim€and€King€were€engaged€in€an€argument.€€Tilly€came€out€of€theÐ î%>!% Ðhouse,€and€Timmy€saw€the€four€men€coming€toward€the€victim.€€Timmy€then€exited€his€car€toÐ Ô&$"& Ðprevent€an€altercation€from€occurring€but€was€grabbed€by€Tilly€as€the€victim€was€being€attacked€byÐ º' #' Ðthe€four.€€He€stated€that€the€victim€did€nothing€to€provoke€the€attack€and€that€King€and€his€friendsÐ  (ð#( Ðthrew€the€first€punches.€€According€to€Timmy,€the€men€began€hitting€the€victim€with€two€by€foursÐ †)Ö$) Ðin€his€back€and€legs€after€reaching€the€field€across€the€street€from€the€residence.€€He€estimated€thatÐ l*¼%* Ðthe€four€men€hit€the€victim€more€than€five€times€with€the€two€by€four€boards.€€Timmy€admittedÐ R+¢&+ Ðdriving€his€car€into€the€field€to€pick€up€the€victim€but€denied€knowing€that€he€had€hit€defendantÐ ° ÐThomas€at€the€time.€€As€he€was€leaving€the€scene€with€the€victim,€he€saw€Love€holding€a€shotgunÐ –æ Ðdown€at€his€side€next€to€his€leg.€€Timmy€ducked€when€he€saw€the€gun.€€He€estimated€that€theÐ |Ì Ðaltercation€between€the€victim€and€defendants€lasted€approximately€thirty€(30)€minutes€from€startÐ b² Ðto€finish.Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àJock€Bass,€the€investigating€officer€on€the€case,€testified€that€he€observed€the€victimððs€injuriesÐ  d Ðon€March€31,€1998,€but€did€not€look€under€his€clothing.€€He€stated€that€the€incident€was€first€reportedÐ ú J Ðas€a€hit„and„run€with€Bobby€Thomas€as€the€victim;€however,€based€on€his€investigation,€Officer€BassÐ à 0 Ðultimately€charged€the€defendants,€including€Bobby€Thomas,€€with€aggravated€assault€of€the€victim.€Ð Æ   ÐOfficer€Bass€conducted€a€search€of€Tillyððs€home€but€did€not€find€a€sawed€off€shotgun€on€theÐ ¬ ü  Ðpremises;€nor€did€he€find€any€clubs€or€two€by€fours€in€the€house.€€He€stated€that€there€was€a€houseÐ ’â  Ðbeing€framed€on€the€lot€across€the€street€from€the€scene,€and€a€lot€of€wood€and€other€items€were€lyingÐ xÈ  Ðaround€the€construction€area.€€He€did€not€remember€seeing€any€blood€on€anything€at€the€constructionÐ ^®  Ðsite.Ð D”  ÐÌà  àDefendant€Larry€Donnell€Currie,€Jr.,€testified€in€his€own€defense.€€He€stated€that€he€had€goneÐ ` Ðto€Tillyððs€and€Kingððs€residence€on€the€morning€of€March€31,€1998,€to€hook€up€a€stereo€in€Kingððs€car.€Ð öF ÐWhile€he€was€working€on€the€car,€the€victim€and€Timmy€Tharpe€pulled€up€in€separate€cars,€and€theÐ Ü, Ðvictim€asked€King€if€he€had€a€message€for€him.€€Currie€heard€King€tell€the€victim€to€stay€out€of€theÐ Â Ðyard,€and€words€were€exchanged€between€the€two.€€€According€to€Currie,€the€victim€told€King€thatÐ ¨ø Ðhis€mother€was€a€ð ðbitch,ðð€and€a€fight€broke€out€between€the€two,€with€King€striking€the€first€blow.€Ð ŽÞ ÐWhen€Currie€approached€the€arguing€men,€the€victim€told€Timmy€to€get€one€of€the€men€while€he€gotÐ tÄ Ðthe€other.€€Currie€denied€seeing€anyone€with€a€two€by€four,€a€sawed€off€shotgun,€or€any€otherÐ Zª Ðweapon.€€He€described€how€Timmy€drove€his€car€into€the€field,€hit€Thomas,€spun€his€car€around,€andÐ @ Ðattempted€to€hit€him€again€with€the€car€before€leaving€the€scene€with€the€victim.€€He€also€deniedÐ &v Ðseeing€Thomas€or€Love€fighting€or€hitting€anyone.€€Currie€testified€that€Tilly€called€the€police€toÐ  \ Ðreport€the€disturbance.€€He€denied€ever€threatening€the€victim€or€pushing€him€in€the€back€during€theÐ òB Ðincident.€€Ð Ø( ÐÌà  àBobby€Lee€Thomas,€Jr.,€testified€in€his€own€behalf.€€His€account€of€the€events€was€essentiallyÐ ¤ô Ðthe€same€as€Currieððs,€except€that€he€testified€that€the€victim€threw€the€first€punch€after€he€exchangedÐ Š Ú Ðwords€with€King.€€He€denied€swinging€at€anyone€and€stated€that€he€was€not€sure€if€Currie€swung€atÐ p!À  Ðanyone€or€not.€€According€to€Thomas,€he€went€back€across€the€street€after€the€fight€moved€to€theÐ V"¦! Ðconstruction€site,€because€he€knew€the€police€had€been€called.€€The€next€thing€he€knew,€he€was€onÐ <#Œ" Ðtop€of€Timmyððs€car.€€He€pushed€himself€off€onto€the€ground,€and€Timmy€turned€the€car€around€again.€Ð "$r# ÐThomas€testified€that€he€rolled€out€of€the€way.€€He€was€taken€by€ambulance€to€the€hospital€forÐ %X $ Ðtreatment.€€€Thomas€stated€that€he€filed€a€complaint€against€Timmy€Tharpe,€but€he€was€arrestedÐ î%>!% Ðbefore€he€was€allowed€to€file€a€report.€€He€denied€seeing€anyone€with€a€two€by€four€board€or€a€stickÐ Ô&$"& Ðthat€day.€€He€also€denied€swinging€a€stick€at€Timmyððs€car.Ð º' #' ÐÌà  àOn€rebuttal,€the€State€put€the€victim€back€on€the€stand.€€He€denied€using€vulgar€language€inÐ †)Ö$) Ðhis€conversation€with€King€or€telling€Timmy€to€get€one€of€the€men.€€He€stated€that€he€never€wentÐ l*¼%* Ðonto€Tilly€and€Kingððs€property€but€proceeded€only€as€far€as€the€sidewalk.Ð R+¢&+ Ї€€ò òà@[[ìàSUFFICIENCY€OF€EVIDENCE€ˆÐ ° ÐÌà  àó óThe€defendants€each€assert€that€the€evidence€at€trial€was€insufficient€to€sustain€a€guilty€verdictÐ |Ì Ðfor€aggravated€assault.€€The€defendantsðð€initial€presumption€of€innocence€is€lost€following€a€juryÐ b² Ðconviction€and€replaced€with€a€presumption€of€guilt;€thus,€on€appeal,€the€burden€is€now€shifted€toÐ H˜ Ðthe€defendants€to€prove€the€insufficiency€of€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914Ð . ~ Ð(Tenn.€1982).€€This€Court€must€affirm€the€convictions€unless€the€evidence€presented€at€trial€was€soÐ  d Ðdeficient€that€no€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€all€of€the€essential€elements€of€the€offenseÐ ú J Ðbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e);€òòState€v.€Cazesóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,€259€(Tenn.Ð à 0 Ð1994).€€This€rule€has€been€found€by€our€courts€to€be€applicable€to€a€conviction€based€on€direct€orÐ Æ   Ðcircumstantial€evidence€or€a€combination€of€both.€€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.Ð ¬ ü  ÐCrim.€App.),€òòperm.€app.€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1990).€€Ð ’â  ÐÌà  àIn€determining€whether€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€support€a€conviction,€we€do€not€re„Ð ^®  Ðweigh€the€evidence€or€substitute€our€own€inferences€for€those€of€the€jury.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571Ð D”  ÐS.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€Furthermore,€the€State€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€viewÐ *z  Ðof€the€evidence€presented€and€all€reasonable€inferences€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Harrisóó,€839Ð ` ÐS.W.2d€54,€75€(Tenn.€1992),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€507€U.S.€954,€113€S.€Ct.€1368€(1993).€€A€jury€verdictÐ öF Ðaccredits€the€testimony€of€the€Stateððs€witnesses€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€StateððsÐ Ü, Ðtheory.€€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€657€S.W.2d€405,€410€(Tenn.€1983).€€Ð  ÐÌà  àWith€this€standard€in€mind,€we€believe€that€the€evidence,€when€viewed€in€the€light€mostÐ ŽÞ Ðfavorable€to€the€State,€supports€both€defendantsðð€convictions€for€aggravated€assault.€€Tennessee€CodeÐ tÄ ÐAnnotated€ðð€39„13„101€states€in€pertinent€part:Ð Zª ÐÌà  àà ` à(a)€A€person€commits€assault€who:Ð &v Ðà@ìì*ìàØ! !؈¹Ó€ (¶Ù83 Óà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#à(2)€Intentionally€or€knowingly€causes€another€to€reasonably€fear€imminentÐ òB Ðbodily€injury€€ÐØ(¸ (#¸ (# ÐÌTennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€39„13„102€states€in€pertinent€part:Ð ¤ô ÐÌà  àà ` à(a)€A€person€commits€aggravated€assault€who:Ð p!À  ÐÌà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#à(1)€Intentionally€or€knowingly€commits€an€assault€as€defined€in€ðð€39„13„101Ð <#Œ" Ðand:€Ð"$r#¸ (#¸ (# Ðà@$$(ìà*€*€*ˆÐ %X $ ÐÌÓ€ (¶é88Óà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  à(B)€Uses€or€displays€a€deadly€weapon.€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌà  àThe€defendants€were€indicted€by€the€State€under€the€theory€that€they€caused€the€victim€toÐ  (ð#( Ðreasonably€fear€imminent€bodily€harm€by€use€or€display€of€a€stick,€a€two€by€four€board,€and€a€sawed„Ð †)Ö$) Ðoff€shotgun.€€Both€the€victim€and€his€friend,€Timmy€Tharpe,€testified€that€the€victim€did€nothing€toÐ l*¼%* Ðprovoke€the€attack€but€asked€only€to€talk€to€his€ex„girlfriend,€Tilly.€€Both€testified€that€King€initiatedÐ R+¢&+ Ðthe€fight€that€morning€and€that€King€and€the€defendants€aggressively€approached€and€pursued€theÐ ° Ðvictim€across€the€street€to€the€construction€site,€where€they€continued€their€attack.€€Even€defendantÐ –æ ÐCurrie€testified€that€King€threw€the€first€blow.€€The€victim€testified€that€Currie,€Love,€and€ThomasÐ |Ì Ðbegan€to€attack€him€after€he€was€knocked€down€by€King.€€Officer€Bass€testified€that€he€began€hisÐ b² Ðinvestigation€as€a€hit„and„run€with€defendant€Thomas€as€the€victim,€but,€as€a€result€of€hisÐ H˜ Ðinvestigation€and€interview€of€witnesses,€he€ended€up€charging€the€defendants€with€aggravatedÐ . ~ Ðassault.€€Both€the€victim€and€Timmy€testified€that€the€defendants€wielded€at€least€one€two€by€fourÐ  d Ðboard€and€that€Love€displayed€a€sawed„off€shotgun€as€they€were€trying€to€leave€the€scene.€€BothÐ ú J Ðtestified€that€Thomas€hit€Timmyððs€car€with€a€board€or€stick€when€he€drove€his€car€into€theÐ à 0 Ðconstruction€site€to€scatter€the€defendants.€€In€addition,€there€was€photographic€evidence€of€injuriesÐ Æ   Ðto€the€victim€and€damage€to€the€car€that€Timmy€Tharpe€drove€into€the€construction€site€to€rescue€hisÐ ¬ ü  Ðfriend€that€supports€the€victimððs€story.€€The€fact€that€Thomas€was€hit€by€Timmyððs€car€also€supportsÐ ’â  Ðthis€version€of€the€events.€€The€jury€simply€did€not€believe€the€defendantsðð€version€of€the€events,€andÐ xÈ  Ðwe€defer€to€the€trier€of€factððs€judgment€on€the€credibility€of€these€witnesses.€€There€is€no€merit€to€thisÐ ^®  Ðissue.Ð D”  ÐÌ€€€€à@Ãà ìàò òIMPROPER€JURY€VERDICTó óˆÐ ` ÐÌà  àThe€defendant,€Larry€Currie,€alleges€that€the€jury€verdict€was€tainted,€because€the€juryÐ Ü, Ðconsidered€facts€not€in€evidence€in€reaching€their€verdict.€€However,€the€defendant€does€not€specifyÐ Â Ðin€his€brief€what€extraneous€information€the€jurors€improperly€considered.€€He€alleges€that€a€juror,€Ð ¨ø ÐMcDowell,€stated€ð ðthat€the€decision€of€the€jurors€to€convict€was€based€upon€extraneous€information.ðð€Ð ŽÞ ÐAfter€a€careful€review€of€the€entire€record,€we€find€no€basis€to€overturn€the€juryððs€verdict€and€affirmÐ tÄ Ðthe€trial€courtððs€denial€of€the€defendant's€motion€for€a€new€trial.Ð Zª ÐÌà  àIn€òòState€v.€Blackwellóó,€664€S.W.2d€686€(Tenn.€1984),€the€Supreme€Court€adopted€Rule€606(b)Ð &v Ðof€the€Federal€Rules€of€Evidence€and€defined€the€type€of€evidence€admissible€from€a€juror€toÐ  \ Ðimpeach€a€jury€verdict.€€òòBlackwell,óó€664€S.W.2d€at€688„90.€€This€holding,€subsequently€establishedÐ òB Ðas€Rule€606(b)€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Evidence,€prohibits€a€juror€from€giving€testimony€on€anyÐ Ø( Ðmatter€or€statement€occurring€during€the€course€of€the€jury's€deliberations€or€the€effect€of€anythingÐ ¾ Ðupon€a€juror's€mind€or€emotion€as€influencing€his€or€her€vote.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€606(b).€€However,Ð ¤ô Ðthe€rule€permits€a€juror€to€testify€on€the€question€of€whether€any€extraneous€prejudicial€informationÐ Š Ú Ðwas€improperly€brought€to€bear€upon€any€juror.€€òòSee€id.óóÐ p!À  ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€has€the€burden€of€establishing€that€some€prejudicial€extraneous€information,Ð <#Œ" Ðfact,€or€opinion€was€imparted€to€a€juror€by€a€third€person€or€that€some€improper€outside€influenceÐ "$r# Ðwas€brought€to€bear€on€a€juror.€€òòState€v.€Clintonóó,€754€S.W.2d€100,€103€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperm.Ð %X $ Ðapp.€denied,óó€(Tenn.€1988).€€Ð î%>!% ÐÌà  àIf€it€is€shown€that€one€or€more€jurors€has€been€exposed€to€extraneous€prejudicial€informationÐ º' #' Ðor€improper€influence,€there€arises€a€presumption€of€prejudice,€and€the€burden€then€shifts€to€theÐ  (ð#( Ðprosecution€to€explain€the€conduct€or€to€demonstrate€the€harmlessness€of€it.€€òòState€v.€Parchmanóó,€973Ð †)Ö$) ÐS.W.2d€607,€612€(Tenn.€1997);€òòState€v.€Youngóó,€866€S.W.2d€194,€196€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).Ð l*¼%* ÐÐ R+¢&+ Ðà  àAt€the€hearing€on€defendant€Currie's€motion€for€a€new€trial,€the€trial€court€expressed€extremeÐ ° Ðreservation€at€putting€the€jurors€under€oath,€because€Currie€had€not€filed€any€affidavits€to€establishÐ –æ Ða€substantial€ground€for€the€trial€court€to€believe€that€there€was€any€jury€impropriety.€€The€trial€courtÐ |Ì Ðpermitted€defense€counsel€to€state€the€substance€of€the€defendantððs€position,€which€was€based€onÐ b² Ðstatements€made€to€defense€counsel€by€a€juror,€McDowell.€€McDowell€apparently€told€defenseÐ H˜ Ðcounsel€that€ð ðfacts€not€in€evidence,€but€facts€brought€to€light€by€one€or€more€of€the€other€jury€personsÐ . ~ Ðð8ð€the€decision€of€the€jurors€to€convict€was€based€upon€that€extraneous€information.ðð€€Stranger€still,Ð  d Ðthe€juror,€McDowell,€was€not€subpoenaed€as€a€witness€at€the€hearing.€€Ð ú J ÐÌà  àJurors€Allen,€Puckett,€VanDyke,€Kidd,€Maness,€and€Atkinson€were€questioned€by€the€trialÐ Æ   Ðcourt,€under€oath,€as€to€what€evidence€formed€the€basis€of€their€jury€verdict.€€Allen,€Puckett,Ð ¬ ü  ÐVanDyke,€Kidd,€and€Atkinson€testified€that€they€did€not€consider€any€extraneous€information€butÐ ’â  Ðused€only€the€evidence€at€trial€and€the€law€as€given€by€the€court€in€reaching€their€respective€verdicts.€Ð xÈ  ÐÌà  àJuror€Maness€gave€the€only€testimony€that€raised€a€question€of€extraneous€prejudicialÐ D”  Ðinformation€during€jury€deliberations,€which€follows:Ð *z  ÐÌØ! !ØÓ€ (º½88Óà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àQ:€à0` ` (#` (#à(by€the€trial€judge)€€Did€you,€in€arriving€at€your€decision,€consider€any€extraneousÐ öF Ðprejudicial€information;€that€is,€facts,€arguments,€or€evidence€from€outside€of€whatÐ Ü, Ðyou€heard€during€the€trial€of€the€case?ÐÂ` (#` (# ÐÝ"‚³ª"ÝÝ  Ýà  àÝ‚³ªË]ÝÔ2º½ÔÚ  ÚAÚ  Ú:Ô3  Ôà0 ` àÝ  ÝYes.݃³ªË]^݌Шø` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓ€ (ê½88ÓØ! !ØÝ"‚³ª"ÝÝ  Ýà  àÝ‚³ªF_ÝÔ2ê½ÔÚ  ÚQÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0 ` àÝ  ÝYou€did?݃³ªF__݌ЎÞ` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝØ! !ØÓ€ (ʽ88ÓÝ"‚³ª"ÝÝ  Ýà  àÝ‚³ªÅ`ÝÔ2ʽÔÚ  ÚAÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0 ` àÝ  ÝI€did.݃³ªÅ`þ`ÝŒÐtÄ` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓ€ (Ú½88ÓØ! !ØÝ"‚³ª"ÝÝ  Ýà  àÝ‚³ªBbÝÔ2Ú½ÔÚ  ÚQÚ  Ú:Ô3  Ôà0 ` àÝ  ÝWhat€did€you€consider€that€was€prejudicial?݃³ªBb{bÝŒÐZª` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  Ýà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àA:à0` ` (#` (#àWell,€I€ð!ð€€The€talk€that€there€was€about€gangs€and€things€like€that.€€I€considered€theÐ @ Ðevidence€and€then€this€ð!ðÐ&v` (#` (# ÐÓ€ (ú½88ÓØ! !ØÝ"‚³ª"ÝÝ  Ýà  àÝ‚³ªÎdÝÔ2ú½ÔÚ  ÚQÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0 ` àÝ  ÝHold€on€just€a€minute.݃³ªÎde݌Р\` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  Ýà  àÌà@  'ìà*€*€*€ˆÐ Ø( ÐÓ€ "( ¾88 ÓØ! !ØÝ"‚³ª"ÝÝ  Ýà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àÝ‚³ª–fÝÔ2 ¾ÔÚ  ÚQÚ  Ú:Ô3  Ôà0` ` (#` (#àÝ  ÝI€donððt€want€to€get€into€what€talk€and€arguments€were.€€I€want€to€know€did€the€juryÐ ¾ Ðconsider€outside€prejudicial€information€in€arriving€at€their€decision?݃³ª–fïf݌Фô` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  Ýà0  àà0` (#(#àà  àÐ ` (#` (# Ðà@$$(ìà*€*€*ˆÐ p!À  ÐÌà  àA:à0 ` àI€can€only€speak€for€myself.€€And€itððs€ð!ð€I€felt€there€was€guilt,€but€I€ð!ð€I€think€the€ð!ð€theÐ <#Œ" Ðtalk€might€have€had€an€effect.€€I€have€to€admit€that.Ð"$r#` (#` (# ÐÓ€ $(*ù88"ÓØ! !ØÝ"‚³ª"ÝÝ  Ýà  àÝ‚³ªAjÝÔ2*ùÔÚ  ÚQÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0 ` àÝ  ÝOkay.€€You€thought€there€was€guilt?݃³ªAjzjÝŒÐ%X $` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÝ"‚é;"ÝÝ  ÝÝ‚é;9kÝà0  àÔ2*ùÔÚ  ÚAÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0` (#(#àÝ  ÝYes.݃é;9kfkÝŒÐî%>!%` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝÓ€ &(:ù88$ÓØ! !ØÝ"‚³ª"ÝÝ  Ýà  àÝ‚³ª¼lÝÔ2:ùÔÚ  ÚQÚ  Ú:Ô3  Ôà0 ` àÝ  ÝIs€that€the€reason€you€voted€guilty?݃³ª¼lõlÝŒÐÔ&$"&` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  Ýà  àA:€€€€€€€Yes.Ð º' #' ÐÓ€ ((Jù88&ÓØ! !ØÝ"‚³ª"ÝÝ  Ýà  àÝ‚³ª…nÝÔ2JùÔÚ  ÚQÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0 ` àÝ  ÝDid€you€decide€the€case€solely€upon€the€evidence€that€you€heard€in€the€courtroom€andÐ  (ð#( Ðthe€law€given€to€you€by€the€Court?݃³ª…n¾n݌І)Ö$)` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  ÝØ! !ØÓ€ *(Zù88(ÓÝ"‚³ª"ÝÝ  Ýà  àÝ‚³ª‡pÝÔ2ZùÔÚ  ÚAÚ  Ú:Ô3  Ôà0 ` àÝ  ÝI€tried€to.€€I€believe€I€did.€€I€had€that€ð!ð€That€had€an€effect.€€When€you€hear€somethingÐ l*¼%* Ðit€does€have€an€effect.€€But€I€felt€he€[Currie]€was€guilty.€€Ýƒ³ª‡pÀpÝŒÐR+¢&+` (#` (# ÐŒÝ  Ýà  à€€€€€€€Ð ° Ðà  àIn€denying€the€defendant's€motion€for€a€new€trial,€the€trial€court€commented:Ð –æ ÐÌà8  àà0` Ð Ð àà ¸ àThe€standard€matter€for€attacking€a€jury's€verdict€is€by€the€executionÐ b² Ðof€an€affidavit€that€falls€within€the€parameters€of€the€Evidentiary€Rules€thatÐ H˜ Ðcontrol€this.€Ð. ~` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà@$$(ìà*€*€*ˆÐ ú J ÐÌà8  àà0` Ð Ð àà ¸ àI€notice€significantly€that€the€juror€who€supposedly€led€to€all€of€thisÐ Æ   Ðis€not€present€here€today.€€I€suspect,€and€based€upon€past€experience,€theÐ ¬ ü  Ðreason€he's€not€is€because€words€tend€to€take€on€a€little€bit€different€color.€Ð ’â  ÐOne€has€a€tendency€to€hear€what€they€want€to€hear€and€it€just€doesn't€comeÐ xÈ  Ðout€that€way€when€you€get€them€under€oath€and€start€questioning€them.Ð^® ` Ð ` Ð  ÐÌà  àImproper€extraneous€information€is€information€from€outside€the€jury€itself.€€òòState€v.€Cokeróó,Ð *z  Ð746€S.W.2d€167,€171€(Tenn.€1987);Ô#†¼0»XXvüÍ #ÔÔ‡XvüX»¼0Ô€òòCaldararo€v.€Vanderbilt€Universityóó,€794€S.W.2d€738,€742€(Tenn.Ð ` ÐCt.€App.),€òòperm.€app.€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1990)òòóó.€€Internal€pressure€or€intimidation€by€other€jurors,Ð öF Ðpremature€jury€deliberations€that€are€contrary€to€the€trial€courtððs€instructions,€a€jurorððs€personalÐ Ü, Ðexperiences€that€are€not€directly€related€to€the€case,€a€jurorððs€thoughts,€fears,€or€emotions€andÐ Â Ðspeculation€among€jurors€about€the€consequences€of€a€verdict€have€been€found€to€be€internal€mattersÐ ¨ø Ðthat€do€not€constitute€extraneous€information€or€outside€influences.€€òòCaldararoóó,€794€S.W.2d€at€742Ð ŽÞ Ð(citations€omitted).€€However,€external€influences€that€could€warrant€a€new€trial,€if€found€to€beÐ tÄ Ðprejudicial,€include:€(1)€exposure€to€news€reports€about€the€trial;€(2)€consideration€of€facts€not€inÐ Zª Ðevidence;€and€(3)€communications€with€a€third€party€non„juror€about€the€case.€€òòId.Ð @ ÐÌóóà  àFrom€our€review€of€the€record,€we€are€not€sure€just€what€extraneous€prejudicial€informationÐ  \ Ðprompted€the€juror,€McDowell,€to€make€such€a€statement€to€defense€counsel.€€McDowell€did€notÐ òB Ðtestify.€€Although€juror€Maness€testified€that€extraneous€prejudicial€information€pertaining€to€gangsÐ Ø( Ðwas€mentioned€among€the€jury€members,€the€record€reveals€that€the€victim€testified€that€on€MarchÐ ¾ Ð31,€1998Ô#†¼0»XXvü½v#ÔÔ‡XvüX»¼0Ô,€the€defendant,€Currie,€made€the€statement€to€him,€ð ð[Y]ou€better€recognize€the€vice€lords.ðð׃-×Ý ƒ/#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀Р¤ô ÐFrom€a€close€and€careful€reading€of€the€testimony€of€juror€Maness,€we€are€convinced€that€her€verdictÐ Š Ú Ðof€guilty€was€based€upon€the€evidence€and€law€submitted€by€the€trial€court€to€the€jury.€€What€jurorsÐ p!À  Ðmay€hear€during€the€course€of€a€trial€and€from€the€comments€of€fellow€jurors€about€their€personalÐ V"¦! Ðexperiences€during€jury€deliberations,€may€have€an€affect€on€their€mental€processes,€but€these€areÐ <#Œ" Ðnot€considered€to€be€extraneous€information€that€would€invalidate€a€jury's€verdict.€€Although€ManessÐ "$r# Ðstated€the€information€about€gangs€had€an€affect€on€her,€she€still€believed€the€defendant€to€be€guiltyÐ %X $ Ðof€the€offense€of€aggravated€assault.€€Likewise,€we€note€that€the€record€established€at€the€conclusionÐ î%>!% Ðof€the€trial€that€each€juror€was€polled€and€acknowledged€the€verdict€of€guilty.€€Thus,€we€concludeÐ Ô&$"& Ðthat€the€defendant€has€failed€to€meet€his€burden€to€establish€that€extraneous€information€wasÐ ° Ðconsidered€by€this€jury€that€prejudiced€its€verdict€against€Currie.€€The€trial€court's€denial€of€theÐ –æ Ðdefendant's€motion€for€a€new€trial€is€affirmed.Ð |Ì ÐÌà  àÌÔ#†¼0»XXvü}#ÔÒe°ÒÔ€XvüX»¼0Ô