ÿWPCë 2°B„åvSÐØðpÏU¸’óЇ2²_MÔlNñ@ìë [ÛLp‘ñ÷hùÌÿè¿SÕFN–hZ¯„Z×® K&@÷…v$J)¨ã?Qcê”ÆÎ}¿‚W>³…0B>*W‹ ñ’@ÑÂRþ†º»íìë}µ’u¶ +<<,•Ù« ‘Œ)Øá)@\ÿtö§0FÌf”š–ÐaåòLñó!é¤?´ùu£¿ªm^ÄÙœëM;y_9ä.Aç$9KÍ’ì»çiÂw°»×1gn"oC]h¸Né$—’Ü‚1Ã¥Àùx^ǤžÖ®›´ºpEÈôÎ7³ yœ>OTÔDr­4Š Љãò˨÷Ÿ dñ¬ z”ñΤ(/ÿË”pÅOµPvsÆ>á~¿† ÊýyX)»àH+‘È«cÚK1´ûXe»\&v3àg «-Nd+Rãi{pT7C-de—ãå5ß#ã>û0:\ u`þ‡XS²ð?IøÔàbåù óèTÌMô¶ƒ_u™R°öi™¡¨8 ýcÍJ¡&i“|Á#M.ßÊ¥)Â,//ÔI8ÀðǨÎí^½þ$?kZ* œ¦˜U­"E £ayÖ?hŠú]na#!NU No %½ 0:ÃU:ý^ 7 wC 4G [ j ml fƒ fé fO U:µ U,ï b # N+ g- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AQ” Æå 0V« 0V 0DWW D3› BΘHP LaserJet 8000 DN PSØÚØÚÚØØÚ0(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$¡¡ÔUSUS.,Ô,“í|AZ‹"Arial Regular£r]'L tpO'ê:i¢Ø+003|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ \Ñ\R AØ'ÿ Legal\Ñ \Ñ\R AØ'ÿ Legal\Ñ \Ñ\R AØ'ÿ Legal\Ѿ"Arial Regular,c½¬AZ‹Arial - ù- ]Ý ƒ[½Þ"ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ€XCXXXÔÔ€èˆòçXXCÔÓ  ÓÔ_Ôò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€vçèˆòÔÐ  ÐÌOctober€29,€1999ÌÌCecil€Ô_ÔCrowsonÔ_Ô,€Jr.ÌAppellate€Court€Ô_ÔClerkÔdAŠÔó óÔ_ÔZ[\]_Cþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(.3½Þ$¢¢Ý ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  Ý(.3½Þ$££Ý ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó````'ÿÿdxd dÝ ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑTR[° AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ` °ÑÒ°ÒÒ„°Òò òÔ‡XCXXXÔÔ‡Š‹XXCÔÓ  ÓÔ_Ôßv€Y_@0,j: `€€@ÿEÄf Žtt¨¦ü` \vßÔ_ÔÔ_ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ `  ÐÌAT€KNOXVILLEÌÌJULY€SESSION,€1999ÌÓüÓÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à À à)à  àC.C.A.€NO.€03C01„9806„CR„00219Ð n Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ìà ` àó óAppellee,à  àà h àà À àò ò)Ð r  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àSULLIVAN€COUNTYÐ v  ÐVS.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àÐ x  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àHON.€PHYLLIS€H.€MILLER,Ð z  ÐSTEVEN€MARSHALL€à h àà À à)à  àJUDGEÔ#†XCX‹ŠÝ#ÔÔ‡Š‹XXCÔÔ#†Š û ‹‹Š¾#ÔÔ‡Š‹ ‹Š ûÔÐ | ÐDEADRICK,à  àà h àà À à)à  àÐ ~ Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ìà ` àó óAppellant.à  àà h àà À àò ò)à  à(Facilitation„Sale€of€Cocaine)Ð ‚" ÐÌÌÓ  ÓON€APPEAL€FROM€THE€JUDGMENT€OF€THEÌCRIMINAL€COURT€OF€SULLIVAN€COUNTYÌÌÌÓ  Óó óòòFOR€THE€APPELLANT:óóà À àà  àòòà p àFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ò òÐ !0 ÐÌó óRICHARD€A.€TATEò òà h àà À àà  àó óPAUL€G.€SUMMERSÐ Ž#. ÐAssistant€Public€Defenderà À àà  àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÐ Š$* ÐP.O.€Box€839ÌBlountville,€TN€37617à h àà À àà  àMARVIN€S.€BLAIR,€JR.Ð ‚&" Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€37243ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àGREELEY€WELLSÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJ.€LEWIS€COMBSÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àBlountville,€TN€37617ò òÐ Z0ú&' ÐÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGEÔ#†XCX‹Šô#Ôó óÐ  d8// ÐÔ_ÔÓ  ÓÔ‡°iH°XX$xÔò òòòÑ€ † ÑÑ€ † ÑÑ€†ÑÑ8€$xXXdædÈ8ÑÑ€ÑOPINIONóóó óÔ#†X$xX°°iHÏ#ÔÔ‡Š<*ˆXX$xÔÐ `  ÐÌÌÓÓÓ  ÓÓ  Óà ` àThe€Sullivan€County€Grand€Jury€indicted€the€Defendant,€Steven€MarshallÐ & Æ ÐDeadrick,€for€the€sale€or€delivery€of€0.5€or€more€grams€of€cocaine€and€forÐ ¶ Ðconspiracy€to€sell€or€deliver€0.5€or€more€grams€of€cocaine.€€The€Defendant€andÐ ¦ Ðhis€co„defendant,€James€Arthur€Carnes,€were€tried€together,€and€a€SullivanÐ ö–  ÐCounty€jury€found€the€Defendant€guilty€of€the€lesser€included€offense€ofÐ æ†  Ðfacilitation€of€the€sale€of€over€one€half€a€gram€of€cocaine.€€After€considering€theÐ Öv  ÐDefendantððs€criminal€record€and€other€pertinent€factors,€the€trial€court€sentencedÐ Æf Ðhim€as€a€Range€III€persistent€offender€to€thirteen€years€incarceration€and€finedÐ ¶V Ðhim€$2,000.00.€€Pursuant€to€Rule€3€of€the€Rules€of€Appellate€Procedure,€theÐ ¦F ÐDefendant€now€appeals€both€his€conviction€and€his€sentence.€€We€affirm€theÐ –6 Ðjudgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð † & ÐÌà ` àThe€Defendantððs€present€conviction€arises€from€events€which€occurred€inÐ f$ Ðearly€September€1996.€€At€that€time,€Jerry€Machen,€Jr.,€a€recovering€drug€addict,Ð V&ö Ðvolunteered€to€work€for€the€Kingsport€Police€Departmentððs€Vice€and€NarcoticsÐ F(æ ÐDivision€and€the€Sullivan€County€Drug€Task€Force€as€a€confidential€informant€inÐ 6*Ö ! Ðexchange€for€compensation.€€At€the€trial,€Machen€testified€that€he€had€knownÐ &,Æ"# Ðboth€Defendants€for€ten€to€fifteen€years.€€Machen,€who€sold€and€installed€carpetÐ .¶$% Ðfor€his€fatherððs€business,€stated€that€in€early€September,€he€discussed€withÐ 0¦&' ÐDefendant€Carnes€the€exchange€of€carpet€and€installation€for€cocaine.€Ð ö1–() ЀÌà ` àMachen€met€with€officers€on€September€10,€1996€to€set€up€a€controlled€buyÐ Ö5v,- Ðwith€Defendant€Carnes.€€Machen€testified€that€prior€to€his€meeting€with€Carnes,Ð Æ7f./ Ðofficers€thoroughly€searched€both€his€person€and€his€van€before€outfitting€himÐ ¶9V01 Ðwith€a€body€wire.€€He€located€Defendant€Carnes€at€an€apartment€inside€CarnesððÐ `  Ðauntððs€home,€which€Carnes€was€remodeling.€€Machen€reported€that€DefendantÐ P ð ÐDeadrick€was€also€present€and€patted€Machen€down€before€he€conversed€withÐ @ à ÐCarnes.€€Machen€testified€that€he€proposed€giving€Carnes€$200.00€in€exchangeÐ 0Ð Ðfor€five€fifty„dollar€bags€of€cocaine.€€He€reported€that€Carnes€refused,€stating,€ð ðtwoÐ  À Ðof€anyone€elseððs€make€one€of€[mine],ðð€and€agreed€to€provide€four€bags€forÐ °  Ð$200.00.€Machen€paid€Carnes€$203.00ð"ð$200.00€for€the€cocaine€and€$3.00€forÐ    Ðsome€pickles€which€Carnes€also€sold.€€Defendant€Carnes€and€DefendantÐ ð  ÐDeadrick€then€left€the€apartment€for€fifteen€to€twenty€minutes,€reportedly€toÐ à€ Ðunload€trash€collected€during€the€remodeling.€€Machen€stated€that€upon€theirÐ Ðp Ðreturn,€Deadrick€again€patted€him€down,€and€Carnes€then€gave€him€four€bags€ofÐ À` Ðcocaine.€€Before€leaving,€Machen€told€Carnes€that€he€would€meet€with€him€theÐ °P Ðfollowing€day€to€negotiate€carpeting€the€remodeled€apartments.Ð   @ ÐÌà ` àMachen€testified€that€after€leaving€the€apartment,€he€placed€the€bags€intoÐ €$  Ðthe€pocket€of€his€shirt;€later,€immediately€after€he€got€back€into€his€van,€heÐ p& Ðwrapped€the€bags€in€a€napkin€to€prevent€damage€to€them€and€placed€them€backÐ `(  Ðinto€his€pocket.€€When€he€arrived€back€at€the€prearranged€location,€he€deliveredÐ P*ð " Ðthe€cocaine€to€law€enforcement€personnel.€€Officers€searched€him€and€the€vanÐ @,à"$ Ða€second€time€to€ascertain€whether€he€was€in€possession€of€any€other€illegalÐ 0.Ð$& Ðsubstances.€€They€found€no€other€drugs€in€the€van€or€on€Machen.€€The€officersÐ  0À&( Ðthen€de„wired€Machen€and€his€van€and€took€a€statement€from€him€about€theÐ 2°(* Ðtransaction.Ð 4 *, ЀÌà ` àOn€the€following€day,€September€11,€1996,€Machen€again€met€with€lawÐ à7€.0 Ðenforcement€personnel€to€discuss€a€second€drug€transaction.€€On€this€occasion,Ð Ð9p02 ÐMachen€was€to€trade€carpet€and€installation€for€cocaine.€€The€officers€gaveÐ `  ÐMachen€money€for€his€purchase,€and€he€proceeded€to€a€carpet€outlet€to€purchaseÐ P ð Ðthe€carpet.€€Machen€then€returned€to€the€officers€carrying€the€carpet€in€his€van,Ð @ à Ðsubmitted€to€a€search€of€his€person€and€his€van,€and€waited€for€the€officers€toÐ 0Ð Ðwire€both€him€and€his€vehicle€before€proceeding€to€meet€Defendant€Carnes.€€Ð  À ÐÌà ` àMachen€went€first€to€the€home€of€Defendant€Carnesðð€aunt,€Mary€JaneÐ    ÐCarnes,€who€met€him€at€the€door€and€informed€him€that€Defendant€Carnes€wasÐ ð  Ðat€a€nearby€hair€salon.€€Machen€found€Carnes€and€Deadrick€working€on€a€carÐ à€ Ðoutside€the€salon.€€Upon€Machenððs€arrival,€Machen€and€Carnes€engaged€in€aÐ Ðp Ðheated€discussion€about€the€price€of€the€carpet.€€According€to€Machen,€MachenÐ À` Ðsuggested€that€he€receive€ð ðsix€fifties,ðð€which€meant€six€fifty„dollar€bags€of€cocaine,Ð °P Ðfor€the€carpet,€but€Carnes€thought€that€this€idea€was€ð ðridiculous.ðð€€MachenÐ   @ Ðmaintained€that€the€two€settled€on€a€trade€of€ð ðfour€fiftiesðð€for€the€carpet.€CarnesÐ "0 Ðinstructed€Machen€to€deliver€the€carpet€to€his€auntððs€home,€and€Machen€testifiedÐ €$  Ðthat€he€did€so.€€With€the€help€of€Mary€Jane€Carnesðð€son,€Machen€transported€theÐ p& Ðcarpet€upstairs€to€the€apartments€and€then€returned€to€the€hair€salon.€€Ð `(  ÐÌà ` àMachen€testified€that€when€he€arrived,€Defendant€Carnes€and€DefendantÐ @,à"$ ÐDeadrick€were€still€there€working€on€the€car€parked€in€front€of€the€salon.€€MachenÐ 0.Ð$& Ðstated€that€Carnes€asked€him€to€go€inside€and€wait.€€While€inside,€Machen€pickedÐ  0À&( Ðup€the€pickles€that€Carnes€had€promised€him€the€previous€night.€€ShortlyÐ 2°(* Ðthereafter,€Defendant€Carnes€and€Defendant€Deadrick€entered€the€salon,€andÐ 4 *, ÐDeadrick€pulled€four€fifty„dollar€bags€of€cocaine€out€of€his€pocket.€€According€toÐ ð5,. ÐMachen,€Deadrick€asked,€ð ðit€is€four,€isnððt€it?ðð€to€which€Carnes€responded,€ð ðyeah.ðð€Ð à7€.0 ÐDefendant€Deadrick€attempted€to€hand€the€bags€to€Carnes,€who€indicated€toÐ Ð9p02 ÐDeadrick€to€instead€hand€them€to€Machen.€€Machen€stated€that€he€took€the€bagsÐ `  Ðfrom€Deadrick,€put€them€into€his€shirt€pocket,€and€after€a€short€conversation€withÐ P ð Ðanother€man€present€at€the€salon,€departed€and€headed€to€a€predeterminedÐ @ à Ðlocation€to€meet€with€police.€€At€the€location,€he€turned€over€the€cocaine€and€theÐ 0Ð Ðpickles€to€Officer€David€Quillen€and€submitted€to€a€search€of€his€vehicle€andÐ  À Ðperson.Ð °  ÐÌà ` àOn€cross„examination,€Machen€stated€that€he€was€a€recovering€addict€andÐ ð  Ðadmitted€that€he€had€abused€cocaine€and€alcohol€for€several€years.€€He€alsoÐ à€ Ðtestified€that€he€had€occasionally€used€marijuana.€€He€conceded€that€he€usedÐ Ðp Ðcocaine€in€September€1996€and€several€times€afterwards.€€He€acknowledged€thatÐ À` Ðhis€use€of€drugs€did€affect€his€memory€to€a€certain€extent.€Machen€denied€usingÐ °P Ðcocaine€while€working€with€police€in€this€case,€but€he€did€admit€that€he€had€usedÐ   @ Ðcocaine€as€recently€as€ten€to€twenty€days€before€the€trial.€€In€addition,€MachenÐ "0 Ðstated€that€he€had€been€convicted€once€in€1981€for€possession€of€cocaine.€Ð €$  ÐMachen€stated€that€he€was€paid€approximately€$200.00€per€day€for€his€work€withÐ p& Ðthe€police€on€September€10€and€11€of€1996.€€Ð `(  ÐÌà ` àAt€trial,€the€State€introduced€the€tapes€made€from€Machenððs€body€wireÐ @,à"$ Ðrecorded€on€September€10€and€11.€€The€tapes€were€often€unclear€or€inaudible.Ð 0.Ð$& ÐThey€contained€no€overt€references€to€the€sale€of€cocaine,€although€on€the€tapeÐ  0À&( Ðfrom€September€11,€Defendant€Carnes€stated€at€one€point,€ð ðGoing€[sic]€in€thereÐ 2°(* Ðand€get€me€some€damn€baking€soda,€or€.€.€.€go€out€here,€and€get€some€hempÐ 4 *, Ðbullshit,€and€split€the€bag.ðð€€The€State€also€presented€the€jury€with€transcriptsÐ ð5,. Ðcreated€from€the€tapes€to€aid€the€jury€in€its€comprehension€of€the€evidence€on€theÐ à7€.0 Ðtapes.Ð Ð9p02 Їà ` àOfficer€David€Street€of€the€Kingsport€Police€Department€introducedÐ `  Ðphotographs€at€trial€of€Machen,€Defendant€Carnes,€Defendant€Deadrick,€andÐ P ð ÐDefendant€Carnesðð€truck€which€were€taken€on€September€10€and€11.€€He€testifiedÐ @ à Ðthat€he€had€worked€surveillance€both€days,€viewing€the€transactions€between€theÐ 0Ð ÐDefendants€and€Machen€from€a€nearby€tower.€€He€stated€that€for€his€surveillanceÐ  À Ðhe€was€supplied€with€binoculars,€a€camera,€and€two€police€radios,€two€channelsÐ °  Ðof€which€maintained€a€connection€with€Machenððs€body€wire.€€Photographs€fromÐ    ÐSeptember€10€depicting€Defendant€Carnesðð€truck,€in€which€Officer€Street€testifiedÐ ð  Ðthat€Carnes€and€Deadrick€were€riding,€and€photographs€from€September€11Ð à€ Ðshowing€all€three€parties€were€identified€and€introduced€into€evidence.€€StreetÐ Ðp Ðalso€testified€that€on€September€11,€he€supplied€Machen€with€money€for€theÐ À` Ðcarpet€and€took€photographs€of€the€carpet€before€Machen€met€with€theÐ °P ÐDefendants€to€negotiate€about€the€carpet.€€Street€testified€that€although€he€neverÐ   @ Ðactually€saw€illegal€activity€from€his€vantage€point,€he€did€hear€ð ðdeals€beingÐ "0 Ðmade.ðð€€€€€Ð €$  ÐÌà ` àOfficer€David€Quillen€of€the€Kingsport€Police€Departmentððs€Vice€andÐ `(  ÐNarcotics€Division€testified€that€he€worked€surveillance€on€September€10€and€11Ð P*ð " Ðand€met€with€Machen€following€Machenððs€contacts€with€Defendant€Carnes€andÐ @,à"$ ÐDefendant€Deadrick.€€He€stated€that€he€collected€the€cocaine€from€both€drugÐ 0.Ð$& Ðdeals,€photographed€the€packets,€and€secured€them€in€a€locked€filing€cabinet€atÐ  0À&( Ðthe€Vice€and€Narcotics€office€until€he€delivered€them€to€the€Kingsport€City€PoliceÐ 2°(* ÐDepartment€the€following€Monday.€€He€stated€that€he€also€thoroughly€searchedÐ 4 *, ÐMachen€and€took€statements€from€him€after€collecting€the€evidence.Ð ð5,. ÐÌÐ  Ð9p02 Ðà ` àCorporal€Bill€Farmer,€the€evidence€custodian€at€the€Kingsport€PoliceÐ `  ÐDepartment,€testified€that€he€received€the€cocaine€parcels€from€Officer€Quillen.€Ð P ð ÐHe€stated€that€he€logged€the€items€in€on€an€evidence€sheet€and€returned€themÐ @ à Ðto€Quillen€in€early€October€for€analysis.€€He€stated€that€he€also€received€the€audioÐ 0Ð Ðtapes€from€the€drug€deals,€and€he€noted€that€the€tapes€were€checked€out€severalÐ  À Ðtimes€before€the€trial.Ð °  ÐÌà ` àRichard€Joyce€of€the€Drug€Enforcement€Administration€testified€that€heÐ ð  Ðreceived€possession€of€the€cocaine€packets€from€Officer€Quillen€on€October€2,Ð à€ Ð1996€for€the€purpose€of€analysis.€€He€stated€that€upon€receipt€of€the€packets,€heÐ Ðp Ðprocessed€them,€put€them€in€an€envelope,€and€sent€them€to€the€DEA€laboratoryÐ À` Ðin€Miami.€€Aruna€Kumar,€a€forensic€chemist€at€the€DEA€laboratory€in€Miami,Ð °P Ðtestified€that€she€received€and€analyzed€the€contents€of€the€packets.€€She€statedÐ   @ Ðthat€each€packet€tested€positive€for€cocaine.€€The€purity€of€some€packets€testedÐ "0 Ðat€85%,€while€that€of€others€was€found€to€be€84%.Ð €$  ÐÌà ` àOther€law€enforcement€personnel€involved€in€the€transactions€onÐ `(  ÐSeptember€10€and€11€also€testified€at€trial€and€outlined€their€involvement€in€theÐ P*ð " Ðcase.€€Agent€Brian€Bishop€of€the€Kingsport€Police€Department€testified€that€onÐ @,à"$ ÐSeptember€10,€he€met€with€Machen,€searched€him,€and€outfitted€him€with€a€wireÐ 0.Ð$& Ðtransmitter€before€his€meeting€with€the€Defendants.€€He€reported€that€MachenÐ  0À&( Ðwas€lucid€and€did€not€appear€to€be€under€the€influence€of€any€illegal€substanceÐ 2°(* Ðduring€their€meetings.€€Bishop€then€listened€to€the€transmissions€from€MachenððsÐ 4 *, Ðbody€wire€during€the€transaction.€€He€testified€that€when€Machen€returned,Ð ð5,. ÐMachen€gave€him€the€baggies€of€cocaine,€which€he€immediately€turned€over€toÐ à7€.0 ÐOfficer€Quillen.€€Bishop€stated€that€he€searched€Machen€a€second€time€after€theÐ Ð9p02 Ðtransaction.€€He€also€testified€that€on€September€11,€he€met€with€Machen,€againÐ `  Ðoutfitted€him€with€a€body€transmitter,€and€then€listened€to€the€transmission€whileÐ P ð ÐMachen€met€with€the€Defendants.€€Later,€when€Machen€returned,€BishopÐ @ à Ðremoved€his€body€wire.€€His€testimony€concerning€the€contents€of€€theÐ 0Ð Ðtransmissions€from€Machenððs€body€wires€generally€matched€the€audio€tapesÐ  À Ðintroduced€at€trial€and€Machenððs€own€testimony€regarding€the€events€ofÐ °  ÐSeptember€10€and€11.Ð    ÐÌà ` àOfficer€Mike€Taylor€of€the€Second€Judicial€Drug€Task€Force€testified€thatÐ à€ Ðon€September€10€and€11,€he€searched€Machenððs€van,€rode€with€Agent€Bishop,Ð Ðp Ðand€monitored€Machenððs€van€and€the€transactions.€€He€stated€that€he€and€BishopÐ À` Ðwere€among€other€law€enforcement€personnel€who€followed€Machen€to€and€fromÐ °P Ðtheir€secured€location.€€Taylor€stated€that€despite€his€thorough€search€of€the€van,Ð   @ Ðhe€found€no€contraband€inside€the€vehicle.Ð "0 ÐÌà ` àStanley€Hodges€of€the€Second€Judicial€District€Drug€Task€Force€testifiedÐ p& Ðthat€on€September€10,€he€recorded€the€transaction€between€Machen€and€theÐ `(  ÐDefendants.€€On€September€11,€he€was€assigned€to€listen€to€the€audio€tape€of€theÐ P*ð " Ðtransaction€as€it€was€being€made€and€to€act€if€an€emergency€arose.€€Otherwise,Ð @,à"$ Ðhe€was€to€keep€Machen€under€constant€surveillance€during€the€transaction.€€HeÐ 0.Ð$& Ðtestified€that€on€September€11,€Machen€was€out€of€his€direct€view€forÐ  0À&( Ðapproximately€fifteen€to€twenty€minutes€at€one€point€and€approximately€thirtyÐ 2°(* Ðminutes€at€another€point€during€his€meeting€with€the€Defendants.€€Frank€LaPomaÐ 4 *, Ðof€the€Second€Judicial€District€Task€Force€testified€that€he€recorded€the€audioÐ ð5,. Ðtape€of€the€transaction€on€September€11€and€took€notes€while€monitoring€theÐ à7€.0 Ðrecording.Ð Ð9p02 Їà ` àDefendant€Carnes€testified€in€his€own€defense.€€He€denied€ever€sellingÐ `  Ðcocaine€and€claimed€that€his€income€came€from€social€security€disability€benefits,Ð P ð Ðthe€periodic€repair€and€resale€of€repossessed€vehicles,€and€the€sale€of€pickles.€Ð @ à ÐHe€explained€that€he€regularly€bought€jars€of€homemade€pickles€from€a€friend€atÐ 0Ð Ða€local€farmerððs€market€and€resold€them€for€extra€income.€€He€claimed€that€heÐ  À Ðhad€sometimes€paid€ð ðaround€twenty„nine€thousand€dollars€($29,000.00)€a€yearÐ °  Ðtaxesðð€on€the€income€he€made€from€the€sale€of€pickles.€€He€insisted€that€the€tapesÐ    Ðintroduced€at€trial€contained€references€to€the€sale€of€pickles,€rather€than€the€saleÐ ð  Ðof€drugs.€€Carnes€claimed€that€Machen€had€approached€him€on€September€10,Ð à€ Ðasking€for€an€ð ðeight€ball€of€cocaine,ðð€to€which€he€responded,€ð ðI€donððt€talk€that,Ð Ðp Ðdonððt€talk€that€to€me,ðð€but€maintained€Ô#†ŠÍ׈ˆŠ<*v#ÔÔ‡Š<*ˆˆŠÍ×ÔÔ#†X$xXˆŠ<*ž#ÔÔ‡Š<*ˆXX$xÔthat€no€exchanges€were€made€onÐ À` ÐSeptember€10.€€He€reported€that€his€aunt,€Mary€Jane€Carnes,€paid€Machen€cashÐ °P Ðfor€the€carpet€and€installation€on€September€11.€Ð   @ ÐÌà ` àOn€cross„examination€Carnes€admitted€that€he€kept€no€records€of€hisÐ €$  Ðpickle€sales€and€did€not€pay€taxes.€He€explained€that€because€Mr.€Fallin,€the€manÐ p& Ðfrom€whom€he€bought€his€pickles,€paid€sales€tax€on€the€pickles,€he€was€notÐ `(  Ðrequired€to€pay€anything€further.€€He€also€admitted€that€in€addition€to€his€truck,€heÐ P*ð " Ðowned€a€BMW€which€he€was€ð ðhidingðð€in€a€garage.€€He€further€admitted€to€drivingÐ @,à"$ Ða€Jaguar€which€he€had€repaired,€but€he€claimed€that€the€vehicle€belonged€to€hisÐ 0.Ð$& Ðsister,€who€allowed€him€to€drive€it.€€He€conceded€that€he€sometimes€drove€otherÐ  0À&( Ðvehicles€as€well,€including€a€Corvette,€a€Ford€Explorer,€a€Plymouth€convertible,Ð 2°(* Ðand€a€Mazda€Miata,€which€he€had€repaired€but€which€he€claimed€belonged€toÐ 4 *, Ðother€people.€€Furthermore,€he€admitted€that€sometimes€he€drove€a€HarleyÐ ð5,. ÐDavidson€motorcycle,€which€he€stated€belonged€to€the€owner€of€a€custom€repairÐ à7€.0 Ðshop.€€However,€he€did€admit€that€the€license€tags€on€the€motorcycle€wereÐ Ð9p02 Ðц Ñâ âÑTR[ì AØ'ÿ Legal[ì AØ'ÿ Legal  AØ'ÿ Legal  AØ'ÿ LegalTÑâ âÑ  Ñregistered€to€his€aunt,€Mary€Jane€Carnes.€€Finally,€Defendant€CarnesÐ `  Ðacknowledged€having€rented€several€vehicles€from€different€car€rental€agenciesÐ P ð Ðon€several€different€occasions.€€He€claimed€he€had€used€the€vehicles€to€transportÐ @ à Ðfriends€to€basketball€games€in€other€cities€and€for€other€personal€purposes.€€Ð 0Ð ÐÌà ` à€Mary€Jane€Carnes,€Defendant€Carnesðð€aunt,€also€testified€for€the€defense.€Ð °  ÐShe€testified€that€her€nephew,€Defendant€Carnes,€Defendant€Deadrick,€andÐ    Ðothers€had€helped€her€install€carpet€in€apartments€in€her€home.€€She€stated€thatÐ ð  ÐMachen€installed€some€carpeting€on€September€5,€1996,€for€which€she€paid€himÐ à€ Ð$200.00€in€cash.€€She€stated€that€a€ð ðweek€or€soðð€later,€Machen€returned€to€installÐ Ðp Ðmore€carpet.€€On€this€occasion,€she€claimed€that€she€again€paid€him€$200.00.€Ð À` ÐWhile€Machen€agreed€through€his€testimony€that€Mary€Jane€Carnes€had€paid€himÐ °P Ðfor€carpet€and€installation€on€September€5,€1996,€he€denied€that€she€paid€himÐ   @ Ðanything€thereafter,€recalling€that€he€saw€her€only€briefly€on€September€10€andÐ "0 Ðnot€at€all€on€September€11.€€Ms.€Carnes€denied€any€knowledge€of€the€HarleyÐ €$  ÐDavidson€motorcycle€which€her€nephew€had€acknowledged€on€cross„Ð p& Ðexamination.€€Ô#†ŠÍ׈ˆŠ<*ðQ#ÔÔ‡Š<*ˆˆŠÍ×ÔÔ#†X$xXˆŠ<*2R#ÔÔ‡Š<*ˆXX$xÔÐ `(  ÐÌà ` àDefendant€Deadrick€did€not€testify€at€the€trial.€€The€transcript€of€theÐ @,à"$ ÐSeptember€11€tape€includes€only€one€statement€by€Defendant€Deadrick.€Ð 0.Ð$& ÐDeadrick€is€quoted€stating,€ð ðIt€was€four,€wadnððt€[sic]€it,ðð€to€which€Carnes€respondsÐ  0À&( Ðð ðSteve,€yeah,€four.ððÐ 2°(* ÐÌÐ  ð5,. ÐÌÓòÓÓ  ÓI.€€AUDIO€TAPESÐ P ð ÐÓNaÓÓ  Óà ` àThe€Defendant€first€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€allowing€transcriptsÐ @ à Ðof€the€audio€tapes€made€on€September€10€and€11€to€be€admitted€into€evidence.€Ð 0Ð ÐHe€states,€ð ðThe€audio€tape€.€.€.€would€be€the€best€evidence;€that€a€transcript€wasÐ  À Ðwhat€a€third€party€thought€he€or€she€heard€and€would€be€misleading€to€a€jury€inÐ °  Ðthis€cause.€€He€also€contends€that€ð ðthe€tape€was€inaudible€at€times€and€that€theÐ    Ðprejudicial€value€[of€the€tape]€outweighed€the€probative€value.ððÐ ð  ЀÌà ` à€The€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€has€held€that€ð ðððtape€recordings€andÐ Ðp Ðcompared€transcripts€are€admissible€and€may€be€presented€in€evidence€by€anyÐ À` Ðwitness€who€was€present€during€their€recording€or€who€monitored€theÐ °P Ðconversations,€if€he€was€so€situated€and€circumstanced€that€he€was€in€a€positionÐ   @ Ðto€identify€the€declarant€with€certainty,€and€provided€his€testimony€in€whole,€or€inÐ "0 Ðpart,€comports€with€other€rules€of€evidence.ðððð€€òòState€v.€Cameronóó,€909€S.W.2d€836,Ð €$  Ð850€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)€(citing€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€598€S.W.2d€209,€223€(Tenn.Ð p& Ð1980)).€€€€Ð `(  ÐÌà ` àFrom€a€reading€of€the€record,€it€appears€that€counsel€for€the€defenseÐ @,à"$ Ðinitially€objected€to€the€admission€of€the€tapes€and€later€reconsidered€theirÐ 0.Ð$& Ðobjections.€€The€record€also€establishes€the€following:€Machen,€the€confidentialÐ  0À&( Ðinformant,€from€whose€body€wire€the€audio€tapes€were€recorded,€testified€that€heÐ 2°(* Ðhad€listened€to€the€tapes€after€the€transactions€and€had€reviewed€the€transcripts.€Ð 4 *, ÐHe€maintained€that€he€was€also€familiar€with€the€voices€on€the€tapes.€€He€statedÐ ð5,. Ðthat€to€the€best€of€his€knowledge,€the€transcript€and€tapes€were€accurate.Ð à7€.0 ÐÐ Ð9p02 ÐÑ † Ñâ  âÑTR[ì AØ'ÿ Legal[ì AØ'ÿ Legal  AØ'ÿ Legal  AØ'ÿ LegalTÑâ  âÑ  Ñà ` àStanley€Hodges€of€the€Second€Judicial€District€Drug€Task€Force,€whoÐ `  Ðintroduced€the€September€10€tape€into€evidence,€testified€that€he€monitored€theÐ P ð Ðconversations€and€recording€on€September€10,€1996.€€He€stated€that€immediatelyÐ @ à Ðafterwards,€he€marked€the€tape€with€his€initials€and€delivered€it€to€Officer€DavidÐ 0Ð ÐQuillen,€who€was€in€charge€of€the€investigation.€€He€concluded€that€the€tapeÐ  À Ðintroduced€at€trial€was€the€tape€he€recorded€on€September€10€and€that€the€tapeÐ °  Ðaccurately€recorded€the€events€that€he€had€monitored€on€that€day.Ð    ÐÌà ` àOfficer€David€Quillen,€who€introduced€the€September€11€tape€on€which€theÐ à€ ÐDefendantððs€voice€is€heard,€testified€that€he€followed€Machen€on€September€10Ð Ðp Ðand€11€and€monitored€all€transmissions€from€Machenððs€body€wire€during€theÐ À` Ðtransactions.€€He€stated€that€he€had€since€listened€a€second€time€to€both€tapesÐ °P Ðand€reported€that€both€tapes€were€accurate€and€conveyed€what€he€had€heardÐ   @ Ðduring€the€initial€transmissions.€€He€also€testified€that€when€he€collected€theÐ "0 ÐSeptember€11€tape,€he€initialed€it€for€identification€purposes.Ð €$  ЀÌà ` àIn€addition,€Frank€LaPoma€of€the€Second€Judicial€District€Drug€Task€ForceÐ `(  Ðtestified€that€he€recorded€the€September€11€audio€tape€and€had€listened€to€theÐ P*ð " Ðtape€during€its€recording.€€He€stated€that€he€was€also€assigned€to€make€notes€ofÐ @,à"$ Ðthe€tape€during€the€transmissions,€which€he€used€at€trial€as€a€memory€aid€toÐ 0.Ð$& Ðrecall€the€transaction.€€When€initially€presented€with€the€tape€in€court,€he€statedÐ  0À&( Ðthat€he€was€unsure€from€a€visual€inspection€whether€it€was€the€tape€he€hadÐ 2°(* Ðrecorded€on€September€11,€1996.€€However,€the€trial€court€allowed€him€to€reviewÐ 4 *, Ðthe€tape€outside€the€presence€of€the€jury,€and€afterwards,€he€stated€that€it€was€inÐ ð5,. Ðfact€the€tape€which€he€had€recorded€and€that€it€contained€an€accurate€portrayalÐ à7€.0 Ðof€the€September€11€events€as€he€had€heard€them.Ð Ð9p02 Їà ` àBefore€allowing€the€jury€to€hear€the€September€10€tape,€the€trial€courtÐ `  Ðinstructed€them€as€follows:€€Ð P ð ÐÓÓà8 ` àI€will€give€the€Jury€the€following€instruction.€€This€exhibit,€theÐ @ à Ðtranscript€€.€.€.€purports€to€be€a€transcript€of€exhibit€number€24€thatÐ 8Ø Ðwe€are€about€to€play€for€you.€€The€tape€recording,€not€the€transcriptÐ 0Ð Ðis€the€evidence.€€The€transcript€is€given€to€you€to€assist€you€inÐ (È Ðlistening€to€the€tape€recording,€and€following€the€tape€recording.€Ð  À ÐThe€transcript€is€difficultð"ð€the€tape€is€difficult€to€distinguish€at€times.€Ð ¸  ÐAt€times,€there€is€outside€noise.€€You€should€keep€in€mind€that€theÐ °  Ðtape€is€the€evidence,€and€that€only€the€statements,€admissions€orÐ ¨  Ðdeclarations€of€a€defendant€may€be€considered€on€the€question€ofÐ    Ðguilt€or€innocence.€€If€you€find€that€there€is€something€in€theÐ ø˜  Ðtranscript€that€you€do€not€hear€on€the€tape€recording,€or€in€otherÐ ð  Ðwords,€if€there€are€discrepancies€between€the€tape€recording€andÐ èˆ Ðthe€transcript,€you€are€to€disregard€what€is€on€the€transcript€becauseÐ à€ Ðthe€transcript€is€not€evidence.€€The€tape€recording€is€the€evidence.ÐØx` ü!` ü! ÐÓuÓ€€€€€à0 ` àÐÐp` T$` T$ Ðà ` àBased€upon€the€foregoing,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€court€committed€noÐ À` Ðerror€by€allowing€introduction€of€the€tapes€and€transcripts.€€The€voices€on€theÐ °P Ðtapes€were€identified;€a€number€of€different€witnesses€stated€that€both€the€tapesÐ   @ Ðand€transcripts€were€accurate€portrayals€of€the€events€of€September€10€and€11;Ð "0 Ðand€the€trial€court€duly€instructed€the€jury€that€if€they€noted€discrepancies€betweenÐ €$  Ðthe€tapes€and€the€transcripts,€they€must€disregard€the€transcripts€and€considerÐ p& Ðonly€the€tapes€as€evidence.€€We€find€that€witness€testimony€regarding€the€tapesÐ `(  Ðand€transcripts€and€the€instructions€given€to€the€jury€ensured€that€both€the€tapesÐ P*ð " Ðand€transcripts€were€sufficiently€reliable€for€introduction€into€evidence.€€This€issueÐ @,à"$ Ðis€therefore€without€merit.Ð 0.Ð$& Ѐ€€€€à ` àà ¸ àÐ  0À&( ÐÓ  ÓII.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEÐ 2°(* ÐÓB~Óà ` àThe€Defendant€next€contends€that€the€evidence€presented€at€trial€wasÐ 4 *, Ðinsufficient€as€a€matter€of€law€to€support€the€Defendantððs€conviction.€€TennesseeÐ ð5,. ÐCode€Annotated€ðð€39„11„403€defines€the€crime€of€which€the€Defendant€wasÐ à7€.0 Ðconvicted:Ð Ð9p02 ÐÑ †Ñâ  âÑTR[ì AØ'ÿ Legal[ì AØ'ÿ Legal  AØ'ÿ Legal  AØ'ÿ LegalTÑâ  âÑ  ÑÓÓà8 ` àA€person€is€criminally€responsible€for€the€facilitation€of€a€felony€if,Ð `  Ðknowing€that€another€intends€to€commit€a€specific€felony,€but€withoutÐ X ø Ðthe€intent€required€for€criminal€responsibility€under€39„11„402(2),€theÐ P ð Ðperson€knowingly€furnishes€substantial€assistance€in€theÐ H è Ðcommission€of€a€felony.Ð@ à` ü!` ü! ÐÌÓjÓTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„403(a).€€The€Defendant€argues€that€ð ð[t]he€StateÐ 0Ð Ðpresented€no€evidence€that€the€defendant€presented€any€assistance€let€aloneÐ  À Ðsubstantial€assistance€in€any€criminal€behavior€activity.€.€.€.€€The€record€is€voidÐ °  Ðthat€the€defendant€knew€his€co„defendant,€Carnes,€intended€to€commit€a€felonyÐ    Ðor€that€he€knowingly€furnished€substantial€assistance€in€the€commission€of€theÐ ð  Ðfelony.ðð€€In€his€brief,€the€Defendant€implies€that€the€evidence€used€to€convict€theÐ à€ ÐDefendant€was€purely€circumstantial.€Ð Ðp Ѐ€Ð À` Ðà ` àTennessee€Rule€of€Appellate€Procedure€13(e)€prescribes€that€ð ð[f]indingsÐ °P Ðof€guilt€in€criminal€actions€whether€by€the€trial€court€or€jury€shall€be€set€aside€if€theÐ   @ Ðevidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€findings€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyondÐ "0 Ða€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€In€addition,€because€conviction€by€a€trier€of€fact€destroysÐ €$  Ðthe€presumption€of€innocence€and€imposes€a€presumption€of€guilt,€a€convictedÐ p& Ðcriminal€defendant€bears€the€burden€of€showing€that€the€evidence€wasÐ `(  Ðinsufficient.€€òòMcBee€v.€Stateóó,€372€S.W.2d€173,€176€(Tenn.€1963);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòStateÐ P*ð " Ðv.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2d€185,€191€(Tenn.€1992)€(citing€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2dÐ @,à"$ Ð474,€476€(Tenn.€1976),€and€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€551€S.W.2d€329,€331€(Tenn.€1977));Ð 0.Ð$& ÐòòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982);€òòHolt€v.€Stateóó,€357€S.W.2dÐ  0À&( Ð57,€61€(Tenn.€1962).Ð 2°(* ÐÌà ` àIn€its€review€of€the€evidence,€an€appellate€court€must€afford€the€State€ð ðtheÐ ð5,. Ðstrongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimateÐ à7€.0 Ðinferences€that€may€be€drawn€therefrom.ðð€€òòTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914€(citingÐ Ð9p02 ÐòòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978)).€€The€court€may€not€ð ðre„Ð `  Ðweigh€or€re„evaluate€the€evidenceðð€in€the€record€below.€€òòEvansóó,€838€S.W.2d€atÐ P ð Ð191€(citing€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€at€836).€€Likewise,€should€the€reviewing€courtÐ @ à Ðfind€particular€conflicts€in€the€trial€testimony,€the€court€must€resolve€them€in€favorÐ 0Ð Ðof€the€jury€verdict€or€trial€court€judgment.€€òòTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914.Ð  À ÐÌà ` àWe€only€examine€sufficiency€relating€to€the€September€11th€transaction,Ð    Ðas€the€trial€court€dismissed€at€the€conclusion€of€the€stateððs€proof€the€count€relatingÐ ð  Ðto€the€September€10th€transaction.€€Ð à€ ÐÌà ` àContrary€to€the€Defendantððs€assertions,€the€State€did€present€directÐ À` Ðevidence€that€Machen€obtained€cocaine€from€the€Defendants€and€that€DefendantÐ °P ÐDeadrick€participated€in€this€transaction.€€Machen€testified€that€DefendantÐ   @ ÐDeadrick€was€present€on€September€11,€and€officers€who€monitored€theÐ "0 Ðtransaction€between€the€Defendants€and€Machen€verified€this€report.€€In€addition,Ð €$  Ðphotographs€of€the€Defendants€and€Machen€taken€on€September€11€wereÐ p& Ðintroduced€into€evidence.€€Machen€also€testified€that€the€Defendant€actuallyÐ `(  Ðdelivered€packets€of€€cocaine€to€him€on€September€11.€€Moreover,€on€the€audioÐ P*ð " Ðtape€of€the€September€11€transaction,€the€Defendant€is€heard€to€ask€his€co„Ð @,à"$ Ðdefendant,€ð ðIt€was€four,€wadnððt€[sic]€it?ðð€€Machen€explained€that€by€making€thisÐ 0.Ð$& Ðstatement,€the€Defendant€was€verifying€how€many€packets€of€cocaine€he€shouldÐ  0À&( Ðgive€Machen.€€Finally,€the€packets€of€cocaine€were€collected€by€officers€andÐ 2°(* Ðanalyzed€for€content.€€Viewing€the€evidence€presented€at€trial€in€the€light€mostÐ 4 *, Ðfavorable€to€the€State,€we€conclude€that€the€State€presented€sufficient€evidenceÐ ð5,. Ðfrom€which€a€jury€could€have€determined€the€€Defendantððs€guilt.€€We€therefore€willÐ à7€.0 Ðnot€disturb€the€juryððs€finding€on€appeal.€€€€€€€€€Ô_ÔÐ Ð9p02 ÐÔ#†X$xXˆŠ<*_#ÔÔ‡Š<*ˆXX$xÔÔ#†ŠÍ׈ˆŠ<*M_#ÔÔ‡Š<*ˆˆŠÍ×ÔÓ  ÓIII.€€SENTENCING€Ô#†X$xXˆŠ<*Ô#ÔÔ‡Š<*ˆXX$xÔÔ#†ŠÍ׈ˆŠ<*•#ÔÔ‡Š<*ˆˆŠÍ×ÔÐ `  ÐÓ$•ÓÓ  ÓÓ  Óà ` àFinally,€the€Defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€sentencing€himÐ P ð Ðas€a€Range€III€persistent€offender€to€thirteen€years€incarceration.€€Although€heÐ @ à Ðstates€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€applying€ð ðcertain€enhancement€factors,ðð€heÐ 0Ð Ðprovides€no€argument€in€support€of€this€point.€€Rather,€it€seems€that€he€primarilyÐ  À Ðdisputes€the€trial€courtððs€decision€not€to€apply€mitigating€factor€(4),€which€states,Ð °  Ðð ð[Ô_Ôt]heÔ_Ô€defendant€played€a€minor€role€in€the€commission€of€the€offense.ðð€€Tenn.Ð    ÐCode€Ann.€ðð40„35„113(4).Ð ð  ÐÌà ` àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€of€aÐ Ðp Ðsentence,€this€Court€has€a€duty€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€the€sentence€withÐ À` Ða€presumption€that€the€determinations€made€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.Ð °P ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€ð ðconditioned€upon€the€affirmativeÐ   @ Ðshowing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€andÐ "0 Ðall€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔAshbyÔ_Ôóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169Ð €$  Ð(Tenn.€1991).Ð p& ÐÌà ` àWhen€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€Court€mustÐ P*ð " Ðconsider:€(a)€the€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€sentencing€hearing;€(b)Ð @,à"$ Ðthe€Ô_ÔpresentenceÔ_Ô€report;€(c)€the€principles€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€toÐ 0.Ð$& Ðsentencing€alternatives;€(d)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conductÐ  0À&( Ðinvolved;€(e)€any€statutory€mitigating€or€enhancement€factors;€(f)€any€statementÐ 2°(* Ðmade€by€the€defendant€regarding€sentencing;€and€(g)€the€potential€or€lack€ofÐ 4 *, Ðpotential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€òòState€v.€Thomasóó,€755€S.W.2d€838,€844Ð ð5,. Ð(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1988);€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€Ô#†X$xXˆŠ<*d•#ÔððððÔ‡Š<*ˆXX$xÔ€40„35„102,€„103,€„210.Ð à7€.0 ÐÐ Ð9p02 ÐÔ_Ôà ` àIf€our€review€reflects€that€the€trial€court€followed€the€statutory€sentencingÐ `  Ðprocedure,€that€the€court€imposed€a€lawful€sentence€after€having€given€dueÐ P ð Ðconsideration€and€proper€weight€to€the€factors€and€principles€set€out€under€theÐ @ à Ðsentencing€law,€and€that€the€trial€courtððs€findings€of€fact€are€adequately€supportedÐ 0Ð Ðby€the€record,€then€we€may€not€modify€the€sentence€even€if€we€would€haveÐ  À Ðpreferred€a€different€result.€€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805€S.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð °  ÐAppÔ#†ŠÍ׈ˆŠ<*¦•#ÔÔ‡Š<*ˆˆŠÍ×ÔÔ#†X$xXˆŠ<*ìž#ÔÔ‡Š<*ˆXX$xÔ.€1991).€€Ð    ÐÌà ` àOur€review€of€the€record€from€the€sentencing€hearing€reveals€that€the€trialÐ à€ Ðcourt€carefully€considered€the€evidence€presented€at€the€trial€and€sentencingÐ Ðp Ðhearing,€the€Defendantððs€history,€the€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors,€andÐ À` Ðother€relevant€factors€and€sentencing€principles.€€Therefore,€we€conclude€that€ourÐ °P Ðreview€of€the€Defendantððs€sentence€is€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€with€a€presumption€that€theÐ   @ Ðdeterminations€made€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€òòSeeóó€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€atÐ "0 Ð169.Ð €$  ÐÌà ` àIn€sentencing€the€Defendant,€the€trial€court€considered€the€DefendantððsÐ `(  Ðcriminal€record.€He€had€previously€been€convicted€of€two€Class€B€felonies,€oneÐ P*ð " ÐClass€C€felony,€and€three€Class€D€felonies.€€The€trial€court€applied€the€followingÐ @,à"$ Ðenhancement€factors:€Ð 0.Ð$& ÐÓÓà8 ` àà ¸ à(1)€€€The€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminalÐ  0À&( Ðconvictions€or€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€those€necessary€toÐ 1¸') Ðestablish€the€appropriate€range;Ð2°(*` ü!` ü! Ѐà8 ` à.€.€.Ð3¨)+` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` àà ¸ à(8)€The€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€unwillingness€toÐ 4 *, Ðcomply€with€the€conditions€of€a€sentence€involving€release€in€theÐ ø4˜+- Ðcommunity;Ðð5,.` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` à€.€.€.Ðè6ˆ-/` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` àà ¸ à(13)€The€felony€was€committed€while€on€any€of€the€followingÐ à7€.0 Ðforms€of€release€status€if€such€release€is€from€a€prior€felonyÐ Ø8x/1 Ðconviction:ÐÐ9p02` ü!` ü! Ðà ` àà ¸ à€.€.€.Ð `  Ðà ` àà ¸ à(B)€Parole€.€.€.€.Ð X ø ÐÌÓX¦ÓTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1),€(8),€(13)(B).€€The€court€applied€the€followingÐ H è Ðmitigating€factor:€ð ðThe€defendantððs€criminal€conduct€neither€caused€norÐ 8Ø Ðthreatened€serious€bodily€injury.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€4„35„113(1).Ð (È ÐÌà ` àIn€concluding€that€mitigating€factor€(4)€did€not€apply€in€this€case,€the€trialÐ ¨  Ðjudge€stated,Ð ø˜  ÐÓÓà8 ` àYou€played€more€of,€a€lesser€role€than€Mr.€Carnes,€but€I€find€that€itÐ èˆ Ðwas€not€a€minor€role€considering€the€testimony€of€your€actions€theÐ à€ Ðprevious€day,€June€10,€1996€[sic],€.€.€.€when€Mr.€Machen€went€thereÐ Øx Ðto€purchase€cocaine€and€testified€that€you€patted€him€down.ÐÐp` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` àà ¸ àSo€I€think€you€knew€very€well€what€went€on.€€You€went,€as€IÐ Èh Ðrecall,€with€Mr.€Carnes€both€times€when€he€left€and€went€to€.€.€.€theÐ À` Ðbuilding€where€the€Jazz€Salon€was€located€and€then€came€back€andÐ ¸X Ðsold€the€drugs.€€The€first€time,€as€I€recall,€you€did€not€go€in€theÐ °P Ðbuilding,€even€though€Mr.€Carnes€stated€that€you€did€in€hisÐ ¨H Ðtestimony.€€But,€thereððs€no€testimony€by€the€officers€that€you€went€inÐ   @ Ðthe€building.И!8` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` àà ¸ àSo,€it€was€just€not€as€great€a€role€as,€as€Mr.€Carnes,€but€it€wasÐ "0 Ðclose.Ј#(` ü!` ü! ÐÌÓÍ«ÓÌà ` àWe€find€no€error€on€the€part€of€the€trial€court€in€sentencing€the€DefendantÐ h' Ðto€thirteen€years€incarceration.€€The€trial€courtððs€finding€that€the€Defendant€playedÐ X)ø! Ðmore€than€a€minor€role€in€the€offense€is€adequately€supported€by€the€record,€andÐ H+è!# Ðthe€trial€judge€enunciated€her€reasoning€for€imposing€the€sentence€which€theÐ 8-Ø#% ÐDefendant€received.€€We€therefore€affirm€the€sentence€imposed.Ð (/È%' ÐÌà ` àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.Ð 3¨)+ ÐÓö•ÓÌÌÓÓà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à____________________________________Ð Ø8x/1 Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGEÐ Ð9p02 ЇÌCONCUR:Ð X ø ÐÌÌÌ___________________________________Ð 8Ø ÐGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÐ 0Ð ÐÌÌ___________________________________Ð ¸  ÐÔ#†ŠÍ׈ˆŠ<*é¡#ÔÔ#†Xó¸XˆŠÍ×+¢#ÔÔ€X$xXXXó¸ÔÔ€Š<*ˆXX$xÔJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGE