ÿWPC¼ …# VUNa %¯ 0(µbÝw@å4% 9 H 0JP 0Tš 0^î 0hL 0r´ 0|& 0†¢ 0( 1u¸ U,- 0dY U,½ U>é U *'B)QDCz B½ AMÚ,'v~SvÓÑ D3¤ 0@× AOÆf 0D, D/p BŸ˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 (ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡- ù- ‰Š ‹DŒŽEÓ€œ»{s 3|xŸ2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d####7Border 1dd d€-$Cþÿ << Gÿÿ "Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€!ÔÝ  ÝÔ€"ÔÔ€"ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€"XÔÌÌò òJuly€26,€1996ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€"ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA Op Monaco Ò%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€  X„d&ÓÑ#€  Xd#ÑÔ€!ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÑ ` ÑÔ€!ŠÔÔ€"ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ€ÑÑ7€æXXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò ò›IN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÙ€€ÙœßL€&'$;+'h|-ü` Å `€€Lß›ÌAT€œJACKSON›ÌÌœJUNE›€SESSION,€œ1996›ÌÌÌÓ  ÓœSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,›à à)à àC.C.A.€NO.Ïœ02C01„9508„CC„00247›Ìà àà àà àà àà à)ó óÌà àAppellee,à àà àà àò ò)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àœHARDIN›€COUNTYÌVS.à àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€œC.€CREED€MCGINLEYó ó›Ìò òœJEROME€DIXON,ó óà à›à àà àò ò)à àJUDGEó óÌà àà àà àà àà àœò ò)à àó ó›Ìà àAppellant.à àà àà àò ò)à àœó ó(Possession€of€Cocaine€withÌà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óà àIntent€to€Sell)ò ò›Ìó óÌÌÓ  Óò òON€APPEAL€FROM€THE€JUDGMENT€OF€THEÌœCIRCUIT›€COURT€OF€œHARDIN€COUNTY›ó óÌÌÌÓ  ÓòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à àà àà àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌœDANIEL€L.€SMITH›à àà àà àœCHARLES€W.€BURSONÌ614€Main€Streetà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌSavannah,€TN€38372Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àCLINT€T.€MORGANÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0485ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àROBERT€RADFORDÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àJOHN€OVERTONÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àHardin€County€CourthouseÌà àà àà àà àà àà àSavannah,€TN€38372›ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌœAFFIRMED›ÌÌDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGEÇÓ  ÓÔ€"°Ôò òòòOPINIONóóó óÔ€"ŠÔÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓà àThe€Defendant,€Jerome€Dixon,€appeals€as€of€right€pursuant€to€Rule€3€ofÏthe€Tennessee€Rules€of€Appellate€Procedure.€€He€was€convicted€by€jury€verdictÏof€possession€of€more€than€.5€grams€of€cocaine€with€intent€to€sell€or€deliver.€€HeÏwas€sentenced€as€a€Range€II€offender€œand€ordered€to›€serve€sixteen€years€inÏconfinement.€€The€Defendant€argues€in€this€appeal€that€the€evidence€was€notÏsufficient€to€support€the€conviction€and€that€the€trial€court€improperly€sentencedÏhim.€€We€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€ÌÌà àOn€the€evening€of€March€30,€1994,€Marie€Nichols€stopped€Brian€Huggins,Ïa€member€of€the€Drug€Task€Force€in€Hardin€County,€and€told€him€about€certainÏdrug€sales€happening€in€her€neighborhood.€€She€specifically€named€theÏDefendant€as€one€of€the€people€selling€drugs.€€Huggins€asked€her€if€she€couldÏpurchase€œsome€drugs›€from€the€Defendant,€and€she€agreed€to€do€so.€€HugginsÏgave€her€forty„five€dollars€in€cash€and€recorded€the€serial€numbers€from€the€bills.€€ÌÌà àNichols€took€the€money€and€drove€over€to€an€old€school€where€theÏDefendant€was€and€attempted€to€buy€crack€cocaine€from€him.€€œShe€testified€thatÏhe›€took€the€money€and€then€searched€through€a€pill€bottle€containing€crackÍcocaine€in€an€effort€to€find€a€piece€of€the€drug€worth€the€amount€she€wasÏpurchasing.€€Nichols€testified€that€she€did€not€actually€see€the€œcocaine€in€the€pillÏbottle.›€€ÌÌà àSergeant€Victor€Cherry€and€Officer€Tim€Cunningham€testified€that€theyÏparticipated€in€the€arrest€of€the€Defendant.€€The€officers€followed€and€watchedÏMarie€Nichols€with€instructions€to€give€her€a€couple€of€minutes€to€purchase€theÏdrug,€then€move€in€and€make€the€arrests.€€Cunningham€testified€that€he€sawÏone€person€outside€of€the€vehicle,€œand€that€as€the€officers€approached,›€he€sawÏthe€Defendant€go€down€beside€the€car€œand›€œappear›€to€œthrow›€something.€ÏSergeant€Cherry€also€testified€that€as€he€moved€in€to€make€the€arrest,€he€sawÏthe€Defendant€squat€down€and€throw€his€hands€out€as€if€he€were€throwingÏsomething€away.€€Neither€officer€actually€saw€anything€in€the€DefendantððsÏhand.€€The€officers€searched€the€area€close€to€where€the€Defendant€squattedÏand€threw€his€hands€out€and€found€a€pill€bottle€containing€several€ð ðrocks,ðð€thatÏwere€later€determined€by€a€TBI€forensic€scientist€to€be€2.5€grams€of€rock€cocaine.€€Ìà àÌà àThe€Defendant€testified€that€on€the€evening€prior€to€his€arrest,€he€wasÏpicked€up€by€two€friends,€Edward€Lowery€and€œHerman€McClain.›€€They€boughtÏsome€beer,€drove€to€the€projects€and€parked.€€Marie€Nichols€came€up€to€the€car,Ïand€the€Defendant€got€out.€€He€testified€that€they€were€talking€when€CalvinÍJones€walked€over€to€them.€€He€said€that€the€police€then€drove€œup,€and€he€bentÏdown€to€put€his€beer€on€the€ground.€›€Officer€Cherry€took€the€Defendantððs€walletÏand€some€money€from€the€Defendantððs€front€pocket.€€He€testified€that€the€moneyÏwas€that€which€Marie€Nichols€had€been€œholding.›€œ€He€said€that€when›€œthe›€œpolice›Ïœarrived,›€she€got€agitated€and€dropped€the€money€on€the€œcar;›€the€œDefendant€saidÏhe›€then€grabbed€it€and€put€it€in€his€pocket.€€ÌÌà àThe€Defendant€denied€that€he€œpossessed›€or€tried€to€sell€any€cocaine,€andÏhe€denied€that€Nichols€even€spoke€to€him€about€cocaine.€€He€said€that€whenÏsomeone€shouted€œð ðpolice,ðð›€he€walked€to€the€rear€of€the€car€and€put€his€beerÏbottle€down€because€œð ðIððd€be€in€violation€for€me€to€get€caught€with€a€beer.ðð€ÏEdward›€Lowery€testified€that€he€did€not€see€any€cocaine€or€hear€anyÏdiscussions€about€it.€€Calvin€Jones€testified€that€the€Defendant€did€not€throwÏanything,€nor€did€he€ever€squat€down€beside€the€car.€€ÌÌà àThe€serial€numbers€on€the€money€taken€from€the€Defendantððs€pocket€hadÏthe€same€serial€numbers€recorded€from€the€ð ðbuy€moneyðð€Huggins€had€givenÏNichols.€€The€forty„five€dollars€taken€from€the€Defendant€œwere›€also€in€the€sameÏdenomination€as€that€which€Huggins€gave€to€Nichols.€€An€additional€$155.00Ïwas€taken€from€the€Defendantððs€wallet.€€The€market€value€of€the€crack€cocaineÍtaken€from€the€pill€bottle€was€estimated€to€be€between€five€and€seven€hundredÏdollars.ÌÌà àThe€Defendant€first€argues€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€sustain€aÏguilty€verdict€of€possession€of€cocaine€with€intent€to€sell€or€deliver.€€œWhen›€anÏaccused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€the€standard€isÏwhether,€after€reviewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€theÏprosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€ofÏthe€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319Ï(1979).€€Questions€concerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€andÏvalue€to€be€given€the€evidence,€as€well€as€all€factual€issues€raised€by€theÏevidence,€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€this€court.€€òòState€v.€Pappasóó,€754ÏS.W.2d€620,€623€(Tenn.€Crim.€œApp.),›€òòpermóó.€òòtoóó€òòappealóó€òòdeniedóó,€òòidóó.€(Tenn.€1987).€ÏNor€may€this€court€reweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571ÏS.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€ÌÌà àA€jury€verdict€approved€by€the€trial€judge€accredits€the€Stateððs€witnessesÏand€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€State.€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,Ï476€(Tenn.€1973).€€On€appeal,€the€State€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimateÏview€of€the€evidence€and€all€inferences€therefrom.€€œòòCabbageóó,›€571€S.W.2d€atÏ835.€€Because€a€verdict€of€guilt€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€andÍreplaces€it€with€a€presumption€of€guilt,€the€accused€has€the€burden€in€this€courtÏof€illustrating€why€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€verdict€returned€byÏthe€trier€of€fact.€œ›€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€œ1982)›œ;€òòGraceóó,€493ÏS.W.2d€at€476.›ÌÌà àIn€reviewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€weÏconclude€that€the€circumstantial€evidence€supports€the€juryððs€finding€that€theÏDefendant€possessed€cocaine€with€intent€to€sell€or€deliver.€€Marie€NicholsÏtestified€that€she€asked€the€Defendant€for€the€cocaine.€€Both€police€officersÏtestified€that€the€Defendant€appeared€to€have€thrown€something€away€as€theyÏapproached.€€After€searching€the€immediate€area€in€which€he€appeared€to€haveÏthrown€something,€they€found€a€pill€bottle€containing€the€substance€laterÏdetermined€to€be€rock€cocaine.€€When€arrested,€the€Defendant€had€in€his€pocketÏthe€marked€€bills€given€Nichols€to€make€the€drug€purchase.ÌÌà àThe€jury€obviously€accredited€the€testimony€of€the€Stateððs€witnesses.€€InÏreviewing€the€record€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€we€conclude€thatÏthe€evidence€does€support€the€Defendantððs€conviction€of€possession€of€cocaineÏwith€the€intent€to€sell€or€deliver.€€ÌÌà àThe€Defendant€next€contends€that€the€œtrial›€court€erred€in€using€statutoryÏenhancement€factor€(1),€that€he€had€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€orÏbehavior€beyond€that€needed€to€establish€the€range.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1).€€The€Defendant€specifically€contends€that€the€court€placed€too€muchÏemphasis€on€the€misdemeanor€convictions€and€that€these€convictions€were€notÏof€œsignificant›€weight€to€justify€the€sixteen„year€sentence€imposed€by€the€trialÏcourt.€€ÌÌà àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€length,€range,€or€the€manner€of€serviceÏof€a€sentence,€this€court€has€a€duty€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€theÏsentence€with€a€presumption€the€determinations€made€by€the€trial€court€areÏcorrect.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€Ô€!ÔððÔ€"Ô€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€"conditionedÏupon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€theÏsentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances."€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,Ï823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).ÌÌà àIn€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€court€must€consider:Ï(a)€the€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€the€sentencing€hearing;€(b)€theÏpresentence€report;€(c)€the€principles€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€toÏsentencing€alternatives;€(d)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conductÏinvolved;€(e)€any€statutory€mitigating€or€enhancement€factors;€(f)€any€statementÍthat€the€defendant€made€on€his€own€behalf;€and€(g)€the€potential€or€lack€ofÏpotential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€Ô€"XÔððððÔ€"ŠÔ€40„35„102,€„103,Ïand€„210;€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€735€S.W.2d€859,€863€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).ÌÌà àThe€presentence€report€reflects€that€the€Defendant€had€two€prior€felonyÏconvictions€and€six€misdemeanor€convictions.€€The€trial€court€used€the€two€felonyÏconvictions€to€classify€the€Defendant€as€a€Range€II€offender,€and€the€sixÏmisdemeanor€convictions€formed€the€basis€for€enhancement€factor€(1).€€ÌÌà àThe€State€correctly€asserts€that€misdemeanor€convictions€may€be€used€toÏsupport€a€finding€of€enhancement€factor€(1).€The€statute€provides€that€the€trialÏjudge€may€look€to€see€if€a€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€ð ðcriminalÏconvictions€or€criminal€behavior.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1).€€Thus,€thereÏare€no€prohibitions€against€using€prior€misdemeanors€to€enhance€a€sentence,Ïnor€must€the€trial€judge€only€consider€prior€convictions.€€ÌÌà àThe€Defendant€asserts€that€the€trial€court€placed€too€much€weight€onÏenhancement€factor€(1),€resulting€in€a€sentence€of€excessive€length.€€InÏsentencing€the€Defendant,€the€trial€court€noted€that€he€had€two€prior€felony€drugÏoffenses,€œand€accordingly›€classified€him€as€a€Range€II€offender.€€The€sentencingÏrange€for€a€Range€II€offender€convicted€of€this€Class€B€felony€is€betweenÍtwelve€and€twenty€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction.€€The€court€found€threeÏapplicable€enhancing€factors€and€one€possible€mitigating€factor.€€Based€onÏthese€findings,€the€court€sentenced€the€Defendant€to€sixteen€œyears.Ì›€€€€€Ìà àA€trial€judge€has€a€certain€amount€of€discretion€in€setting€an€appropriateÏsentence,€and€when€the€judge€follows€the€sentencing€procedures,€hisÏdetermination€is€clothed€in€a€presumption€of€correctness.€€In€reviewing€the€record,Ïwe€cannot€conclude€that€the€trial€court€erred€or€abused€his€discretion€in€settingÏthe€Defendantððs€sentence€at€sixteen€years.€€ÌÌà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is,€therefore,€affirmed.€€€ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌœJOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JUDGE›ÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌœJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGE›