ÿWPC7 2# Ì %×UNÝ 0Æ+ñ4ù  0Jw@fU:¦ 0Tà 0^4 0h’ 0rú 0|l 0†è 0n 1uþ 0ds U>× U* Ð? v~vÓ B` 0C} 0wÀ˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÈÚØÚÚØÈÚ0X(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman Regular(žjÆ$¡¡Ñ` ` ÑÑÜÜÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÓÓ‚è$3|xw2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô noDpqDrVsDt-euevew,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial ÆÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÔ€ôÔÑ  ÑÔ€ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓ€€€€€òòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóThe€first€four€criteria€are€found€in€òòGrayóó.€€A€fifth€category€in€òòGrayóó,€based€on€a€specific€number€of€priorÏfelony€convictions,€may€enhance€the€sentence€range€but€is€no€longer€a€listed€criterion.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115,€Sentencing€Commission€Comments.€€ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò d(ÿÿ$òòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó(.!2Ÿ7$¤¤Ý ƒvj!ÝÑ  ÑÔ‡ X­®XXXÔÑ` °ÑÑܰÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓÓÝ  ÝÑ` ` ÑÑÜÜÑÒ44ÒÒXXÒÓÓ€€€€€òòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  Ý›Ñ7€·CXdìXXdæ7ÑÑ  ÑÔ€ÔÞ ÞÌà@ àòòIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEóóÌà@ àòòAT€NASHVILLEóóÌà@ àMAY€1998€SESSIONÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à*à àC.C.A.€#€€01C01„9707„CC„00267Ìà àAppellee,à àà àà à*à àRUTHERFORD€COUNTYÌVS.à àà àà àà àà à*à àHon.€J.€S.€Daniel,€JudgeÌÓÓRAMONA€DAVIDSON,à àà à*à à(Sale€of€Cocaine„Three€CountsÌà àà àà àà àà àà àand€Neglect€of€a€Child)Ìà àAppellant.à àà àà à*ÌÌÌÌÌÌòòFor€Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àòòFor€Appelleeóó:ÌÌJeffrey€S.€Burton€à àà àà àà àJohn€Knox€WalkupÌAssistant€Public€Defender€€à àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌ201€West€Main€Streetà àÌSuite€101,€Court€Square€Buildingà àà àDeborah€A.€TullisÌMurfreesboro,€TN€€37130à àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àCordell€Hull€Building,€Second€Floor€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à425€Fifth€Avenue€North€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àWilliam€C.€WhitesellÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€General€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àDale€RobinsonÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€General€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àThird€Floor,€Judicial€BuildingÌà àà àà àà àà àà àMurfreesboro,€TN€€37130€Ìà àà àà àà àà àÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:__________________________ÌÌÌÌAFFIRMED€AS€TO€CONVICTION€AND€SENTENCES;ÌREMANDED€FOR€CONSIDERATION€OF€ALTERNATIVE€SENTENCEÌÌÌÌGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÇÓÓà@ àòòOPINIONóóÌà àà àThe€defendant,€Ramona€Davidson,€was€indicted€on€eight€counts€ofÏsale€of€cocaine€and€three€counts€of€child€neglect.€€Pursuant€to€a€negotiated€pleaÏagreement,€the€defendant€entered€pleas€of€guilt€to€three€counts€of€cocaine€salesÏand€one€count€of€neglect€of€a€child.€€The€trial€court€imposed€Range€I€sentences€ofÏsix,€three,€and€three€years€for€the€cocaine€sales€and€eleven€months€and€twenty„nine€days€for€neglect€of€a€child.€€Probation€was€denied€and€the€six„year€sentenceÏwas€ordered€to€be€served€consecutively€to€the€concurrent€three„year€sentences,€forÏan€effective€sentence€of€nine€years.€€The€defendant€was€fined€$4,000.00.€€ÌÌà àà àIn€this€appeal€of€right,€the€defendant€complains€that€the€trial€courtÏerred€by€ordering€consecutive€sentences.€€Furthermore,€she€asserts€that€the€trialÏcourt€should€have€granted€probation.€€We€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àà àOver€a€three„month€period€during€the€summer€and€early€fall€of€1996,Ïthe€defendant€sold€cocaine€on€eight€different€occasions€to€a€variety€of€confidentialÏinformants.€€On€November€8,€1996,€the€defendant€was€indicted€on€each€sale.€€SheÏwas€also€indicted€on€three€counts€of€neglect€of€the€children€in€her€custody.€€TheÏplea€agreement€as€a€result€of€the€November€8€indictment€involved€guiltÏdeterminations€for€three€sales€involving€less€than€.5€gram€of€cocaine.ÌÌà àà àLess€than€two€weeks€after€the€indictment,€the€defendant€was€arrestedÏwhile€driving€a€vehicle€with€a€stolen€license€tag.€€Police€found€crack€cocaineÏunderneath€her€car€seat.€€The€defendant€pled€guilty€to€simple€possession€and€wasÏsentenced€to€eleven€months€and€twenty„nine€days,€consecutive€to€the€sentencesÏfrom€the€November€8,€1996,€indictment;€all€of€this€sentence€was€suspended.€€TheÏdefendant€agreed€to€a€$750.00€fine.€€ÌÌà àà àWhen€there€is€a€challenge€to€the€length,€range,€or€manner€of€serviceÏof€a€sentence,€it€is€the€duty€of€this€court€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€with€aÏpresumption€that€the€determinations€made€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€"conditioned€upon€the€affirmativeÏshowing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€andÏall€relevant€facts€and€circumstances."€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.Ï1991);€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597€(Tenn.€1994).€€The€SentencingÏCommission€Comments€provide€that€the€burden€is€on€the€defendant€to€show€theÏimpropriety€of€the€€sentence.€€ÌÌà àà àOur€review€requires€an€analysis€of€(1)€the€evidence,€if€any,€received€atÏthe€trial€and€sentencing€hearing;€(2)€the€presentence€report;€(3)€the€principles€ofÍsentencing€and€the€arguments€of€counsel€relative€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(4)€theÏnature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense;€(5)€any€mitigating€or€enhancing€factors;Ï(6)€any€statements€made€by€the€defendant€in€his€own€behalf;€and€(7)€theÏdefendant's€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103,€and€Ì„210;€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€735€S.W.2d€859,€863€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).ÌÌà àà àIn€calculating€the€sentence€for€Class€B,€C,€D,€or€E€felony€convictions€atÏthe€time€of€these€offenses,€the€presumptive€sentence€is€the€minimum€within€theÏrange€if€there€are€no€enhancement€or€mitigating€factors.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(c).€€If€there€are€enhancement€factors€but€no€mitigating€factors,€the€trial€courtÏmay€set€the€sentence€above€the€minimum.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€€40„35„210(d).€€AÏsentence€involving€both€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors€requires€anÏassignment€of€relative€weight€for€the€enhancement€factors€as€a€means€ofÏincreasing€the€sentence.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210.€€The€sentence€may€thenÏbe€reduced€within€the€range€by€any€weight€assigned€to€the€mitigating€factorsÏpresent.€€òòId.óóÌÌà àà àPrior€to€the€enactment€of€the€Criminal€Sentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989,Ïthe€limited€classifications€for€the€imposition€of€consecutive€sentences€were€set€outÍin€òòGray€v.€Stateóó,€538€S.W.2d€391,€393€(Tenn.€1976).€€In€that€case,€our€supremeÏcourt€ruled€that€aggravating€circumstances€must€be€present€before€placement€inÏany€one€of€the€classifications.€€Later,€in€òòState€v.€Tayloróó,€739€S.W.2d€227€(Tenn.Ï1987),€the€court€established€an€additional€category€for€those€defendants€convictedÏof€two€or€more€statutory€offenses€involving€sexual€abuse€of€minors.€€There€were,Ïhowever,€additional€words€of€caution:€€ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à[C]onsecutive€sentences€should€not€be€routinelyÏimposed€...€and€...€the€aggregate€maximum€ofÏconsecutive€terms€must€be€reasonably€related€to€theÏseverity€of€the€offenses€involved.ÌÌÓÓòòTayloróó,€739€S.W.2d€at€230.€€The€Sentencing€Commission€Comments€adopted€theÏcautionary€language.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115.€€The€1989€Act€is,€in€essence,Ïthe€codification€of€the€holdings€in€òòGrayóó€and€òòTayloróó;€consecutive€sentences€may€beÏimposed€in€the€discretion€of€the€trial€court€only€upon€a€determination€that€one€orÏmore€of€the€following€criteria× ƒ ××  ×€exist:€ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à(1)€€The€defendant€is€a€professional€criminal€who€hasÏknowiØØngly€devoted€himself€to€criminal€acts€as€a€majorÏsource€of€livelihood;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(2)€€The€defendant€is€an€offender€whose€record€ofÏcriminal€activity€is€extensive;€ÌÌà8 àà8 à(3)€€The€defendant€is€a€dangerous€mentally€abnormalÏperson€so€declared€by€a€competent€psychiatrist€whoÏconcludes€as€a€result€of€an€investigation€prior€toÏsentencing€that€the€defendant's€criminal€conduct€hasÏbeen€characterized€by€a€pattern€of€repetitive€orÏcompulsive€behavior€with€heedless€indifference€toÏconsequences;€ÌÌà8 àà8 à(4)€€The€defendant€is€a€dangerous€offender€whoseÏbehavior€indicates€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life,€andÏno€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€in€which€the€riskÏto€human€life€is€high;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(5)€€The€defendant€is€convicted€of€two€(2)€or€moreÏstatutory€offenses€involving€sexual€abuse€of€a€minor€withÏconsideration€of€the€aggravating€circumstances€arisingÏfrom€the€relationship€between€the€defendant€and€victimÏor€victims,€the€time€span€of€defendant's€undetectedÏsexual€activity,€the€nature€and€scope€of€the€sexual€actsÏand€the€extent€of€the€residual,€physical€and€mentalÏdamage€to€the€victim€or€victims;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(6)€€The€defendant€is€sentenced€for€an€offenseÏcommitted€while€on€probation;€orÌÌà8 àà8 à(7)€€The€defendant€is€sentenced€for€criminal€contempt.ÌÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b).€€ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àIn€òòGrayóó,€our€supreme€court€had€ruled€that€before€consecutiveÏsentencing€could€be€imposed€upon€the€dangerous€offender,€as€now€defined€byÏsubsection€(b)(4)€in€the€statute,€other€conditions€must€be€present:€€(a)€that€theÍcrimes€involved€aggravating€circumstances;€(b)€that€consecutive€sentences€are€aÏnecessary€means€to€protect€the€public€from€the€defendant;€and€(c)€that€the€termÏreasonably€relates€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses.€€ÌÌà àà àIn€òòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933€(Tenn.€1995),€our€high€courtÏreaffirmed€those€principles€and€ruled€that€consecutive€sentences€cannot€beÏrequired€for€any€of€the€classifications€"unless€the€terms€reasonably€relate€to€theÏseverity€of€the€offenses€committed€and€are€necessary€in€order€to€protect€the€publicÏfrom€further€serious€criminal€conduct€by€the€defendant."€€òòId.óó€at€938.€€The€òòWilkersonóóÏdecision,€which€modified€guidelines€adopted€in€òòState€v.€Woodsóó,€814€S.W.2d€378,Ï380€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991),€governing€the€sentencing€of€dangerous€offenders,Ïdescribed€sentencing€as€"a€human€process€that€neither€can€nor€should€be€reducedÏto€a€set€of€fixed€and€mechanical€rules."€€òòWilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€at€938€(footnoteÏomitted).€€à àà àÌà àà àThe€plea€agreement€stipulated€the€length€of€the€sentences.€€The€onlyÏquestions€for€the€trial€court€were€whether€the€sentences€should€be€servedÏconsecutively€and€whether€probation€should€have€been€granted.€€ÌÌà àà àNow€twenty„four€years€of€age,€the€defendant€dropped€out€of€schoolÏjust€before€she€had€completed€her€high€school€education.€€She€was€married€butÍhad€separated€at€the€time€of€the€offenses,€according€to€the€presentenceÏinvestigation.€€She€and€her€husband€have€two€daughters€who€at€the€time€ofÏsentencing€were€four€and€six€years€old.€€During€the€period€the€defendant€has€beenÏincarcerated,€since€February€26,€1997,€her€husband€has€had€custody€of€the€twoÏchildren.€€ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€has€had€a€sporadic€work€history€and€has€either€quit,Ïbeen€released,€or€terminated€from€several€of€her€places€of€employment.€€At€one€ofÏher€jobs,€she€got€into€a€fight€with€another€woman.€€The€defendant€had€noÏemployment€and€no€visible€means€of€support.€€Yet,€her€prior€record€included€onlyÏtwo€traffic€offenses.€€The€defendant€failed€to€meet€with€the€probation€officeÏinvestigator€on€at€least€one€occasion€before€sentence€was€imposed.€€When€sheÏeventually€met€with€the€presentence€investigator,€she€explained€that€she€had€soldÏthe€drugs€"to€support€my€two€kids€and€me.€€My€husband€and€I€had€split€up€and€IÏwasn't€receiving€anything€from€him€to€care€for€these€children.€€I€had€noÏtransportation€to€get€to€a€job."€€The€report€included€a€statement€by€a€detective€thatÏsome€four€months€after€the€guilty€plea,€the€defendant€was€"still€in€the€business€ofÏselling€drugs."€€The€defendant€reported€that€she€had€some€back€problems€but€wasÏnot€under€any€kind€of€medication.€€While€admitting€that€she€had€used€crack€cocaineÏand€marijuana€since€the€age€of€twenty„one,€she€claimed€that€she€had€stopped€priorÍto€committing€these€offenses.€ÌÌà àà àThe€trial€court€observed€that€the€defendant,€who€had€claimed€to€haveÏquit€using€illegal€drugs€in€February€of€1996,€had€entered€a€plea€of€guilt€toÏpossession€of€crack€cocaine€in€late€November€of€that€year.€€In€this€case,€theÏdefendant€was€indicted€for€eight€sales€of€cocaine€which€took€place€during€the€lateÏsummer€of€1996.€€In€the€hearing€before€the€trial€judge,€the€defendant€conceded€thatÏshe€was€ineligible€for€probation€if€the€effective€sentence€was€nine€years€or€more:€€ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à[B]ecause,€obviously,€if€the€Court€orders€one€of€themÏconsecutive€it€will€be€a€nine€year€sentence€and€she€willÏbe€ineligible€for€probation€at€that€point€in€time.€€So,€itÏrenders€that€€issue€m[oot].€€ÌÌà8 àà8 àAnd€by€her€own€testimony€the€Court€could€run€theseÏsentences€consecutive€based€her€on€testimony€that€itÏwas€her€principal€source€of€livelihood€at€the€time....€€ÌÌà8 àà8 àAnd€I€asked€the€Court€to€consider€that€and€run€themÏconcurrent€at€this€time.€€ÌÌà8 àà8 àAnd€if€the€Court€decides€to€run€those€sentencesÏconcurrent,€again,€based€on€her€lack€of€a€prior€recordÏand€the€time€she€has€currently€served,€I'd€ask€the€courtÏto€place€her€on€probation€....€ÌÌÓÓ€The€trial€court€concluded€that€the€defendant€warranted€consecutive€sentencingÏbecause€she€sold€drugs€as€her€primary€source€of€income€and€qualified€as€aÏprofessional€criminal.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(1).€€During€argument,€theÍstate€pointed€to€inconsistencies€in€her€testimony€about€not€only€the€use€or€sale€ofÏdrugs€but€whether€transportation€had€been€available€on€the€date€she€failed€to€meetÏwith€her€probation€officer.€€There€was€evidence€that€the€defendant€continued€to€sellÏdrugs€after€the€initial€arrest€and€even€after€a€second€arrest€for€possession€of€crack.€ÏIt€was€hardly€contested€that€she€sold€cocaine€to€support€herself.€€Thus,€the€trialÏcourt€had€a€proper€basis€for€consecutive€sentencing.€€ÌÌà àà àWhen€determining€a€defendant's€eligibility€for€probation,€trial€courtsÏmust€individually€examine€each€sentence€the€defendant€has€received.€€òòState€v.ÏLangstonóó,€708€S.W.2d€830,€832€(Tenn.€1986).€€In€this€appeal,€the€state€properlyÏconcedes€that€the€defendant€is€eligible€for€probation€because€each€of€the€fourÏsentences€she€received€were€eight€years€or€less€and€because€she€did€not€commitÏany€of€the€crimes€listed€in€the€statute€that€œbars›€eligibility.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„303(a).€€€ÌÌà àà àA€defendant€with€an€effective€sentence€exceeding€eight€years€isÏeligible€for€probation€so€long€as€the€individual€sentences€are€within€the€eligibleÏcriteria€set€forth€by€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„303.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Goodeóó,€956€S.W.2dÏ521,€527€(Tenn.€Crim.€app.€1997)€(òòcitingóó€òòState€v.€Langstonóó,€708€S.W.2d€830€(Tenn.Ï1986));€òòseeóó€Sentencing€Commission€Comments.€€òòState€v.€Michael€Lynn€Waltonóó,ÍNo.€01C01„9509„CR„00290€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Nashville,€Nov.€12,€1997).ÌÌà àà àIt€appears€from€the€record€that€the€trial€judge€did€not€considerÏprobation,€split€confinement,€or€any€other€alternative€sentence.€€That€isÏunderstandable€based€upon€the€defendant's€stipulation€that€she€was€ineligible€forÏsuch€treatment.€€The€state€now€argues€that€while€probation€should€have€beenÏconsidered,€there€exist€good€and€valid€grounds€for€denial.€€That€may€be€so.€€It€is,Ïhowever,€more€appropriate€for€the€trial€court€to€make€that€determination.€€ÌÌà àà àThe€judgment€and€the€consecutive€sentences€are€affirmed.€€TheÏcause€is€remanded€so€that€the€trial€judge€may€consider€whether€an€alternativeÏsentence€is€appropriate.€€ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àGary€R.€Wade,€Presiding€Judge€ÌÇCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌDavid€G.€Hayes,€JudgeÌÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌJerry€L.€Smith,€Judge€