ÿWPC,  ?j8³ï:Zœòª”\j\~3¡½{Úå€dÌÏĬxþkÍå¡íAy ú}àL냌!ò&èÿi&;ZÂìÄi,Iî¥WŒ“°.Îö‚}C¢·oâ“¥ø:¢µÄ æ‘ãH û¸2áþî›±(®[Y(´É`·i¥u22‡ôgý»î>É%‘#ïÄl>¼ê‚ÏÕ¯¶ÆðÂÀJÀ©ÿŠ%ÆÊ…C}P|~γ gÏKð&‡ èà¢Ï óïÓ¾ì1Rwóèž!#û…éÃðÙ‘mÅÝ‘øêýJȈMð¸W̯‘ruU‘·×H#dd—ð¢t-´´æH`Q D¯Ã`<Ú­”*¹’qióA¸õ<QÖq3mFx«WT}6kBÈZ5…&5çvKƒ}'~ y­‰W×z4‰B˜r‰C¹4kOõÐC66ÿȮʓùÃø³X ùŸÊñóQÓr³ÌN£W’4DžüêÓc8ÝOšxâ×Ã}’wž<®ÿúI^¾Í¬ÒÒ&Îþ©¹,- ˆð.<@ÎÁò©v”¾Ê¥¿Ä`Th¨èþ,¹Ú>¬¼öG]Eb¶æN)Øö(¸kSi¸qɘT©†àe¹•èfp¿)#!>UN_ %­ 0(³U:Ûb 0‚U:Ÿ 0ÔÙU:­w@ç4';ÆJ U: P NX Z m\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ AQs BÄ 0Dá 0D% 0Di i D/­ ­ BÜ D3ù ˜HP LaserJet 8000 DN PSØÚØÚÚØØÚ0(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡,“í|AZ‹"Arial Regular- ù-(A7$Ô€XÔXXXÔÔ€Š2« ŠXXÔÔòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó, øð AZ"Arial Regular(‚*2E%$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€ XÛXXXÔÔ€ &áW%X XÛÔÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó€€, øð AZ"Arial Regular t Du Dv w Dx y Dz D{ D| Ó€† {Z='3|x† ƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 üÝ ƒ!¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€XÛXXXÔÔ€F°XXÛÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€XÛXF°ÔÐ  ÐÌSeptember€7,€1999ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAhÔó ó,–ûyAZ‹"Arial RegularÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ!"#(Cþÿ<<Cÿÿ d(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó'''÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd 'ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýñ| ñ›ñ| ñÑ` °ÑÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€Š#ËXXÔÔ€ŠÏ`‹‹Š#ÃÔÑTR[° AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ€ÑÑ8€7XXdìdÈ8ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò òñ† ññ| ñßr€(<,(j 8` `€€@Eôf ` ttx0,` ð ærßñ| ññ| ñ›ñ| ñ››ñ† ñÔ_ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ `  ÐÌñ† ñßt€(>.*jx.` `€€@E"‚ ` 8ttxPZd ð  tßñ† ñAT€JACKSONÌÌJUNE€SESSION,€1999ÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à À à)à  àC.C.A.€NO.€02C01„9810„CC„00337Ð n Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)ó óÐ p Ðà ` àAppellee,à  àà h àà À àò ò)Ð r  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àMADISON€COUNTYÐ v  ÐVS.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àÐ x  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àHON.€ROGER€A.€PAGE,ó óÐ z  Ðò òERIC€JUAN€DODD,ó óà h àà À àò ò)à  àJUDGEó óÐ | Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àò ò)ó óÐ ~ Ðà ` àAppellant.à  àà h àà À àò ò)à  àó ó(Misdemeanor€Drug€Possession)ò òÐ €  Ðó óÌÌÓ  ÓON€APPEAL€FROM€THE€JUDGMENT€OF€THEÌCIRCUIT€COURT€OF€MADISON€COUNTYÌÌÌòòÓ  ÓFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à À àà  àà p àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:Ð j  ÐÌMIKE€MOSIERà  àà h àà À àà  àPAUL€G.€SUMMERSÐ b" Ð204€West€Baltimoreà h àà À àà  àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÐ ^#þ ÐJackson,€TN€38302„1623Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àR.€STEPHEN€JOBEÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJERRY€WOODALLÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àSHAUN€BROWNÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àLowell€Thomas€State€Office€BuildingÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJackson,€TN€38301ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGEÐ   8ª./ø ÐÓ  ÓÔ€°* °‹ŠÏ`Ôò òòòÑ8€Çõˆ ˆdøXXdì8ÑOPINIONóóó óÔ€ŠÏ`‹ °°*ÔÐ `  ÐÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓà ` àThe€Defendant,€Eric€Juan€Dodd,€appeals€from€his€misdemeanor€convictionÏfor€simple€possession€of€marijuana.€€Defendant€was€charged€on€a€two„countÏindictment€with€possession€of€marijuana€with€intent€to€sell€and€possession€ofÏmarijuana€with€intent€to€deliver,€both€in€violation€of€Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÏðð€39„17„417.€€The€jury€returned€a€verdict€for€the€lesser€included€offense€of€simpleÏpossession€on€each€count,€and€the€trial€judge€merged€the€two€convictions.€ÏBecause€Defendant€committed€this€offense€while€on€parole,€the€trial€courtÏsentenced€him€to€eleven€months,€twenty„nine€days,€to€be€served€at€seventy„fiveÏpercent,€consecutive€to€the€offense€for€which€he€violated€parole.€€ÌÌà ` àIn€this€appeal,€Defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€violated€his€right€to€aÏfair€trial€in€two€ways:€(1)€by€commencing€the€jury€trial€while€Defendant€wasÏdressed€in€a€prison„type€jumpsuit€with€letters€representing€West€TennesseeÏDetention€Facility,€and€(2)€by€denying€his€request€to€try€on€in€the€presence€of€theÏjury€clothing€found€in€the€duffel€bag€containing€marijuana.€€Because€we€find€thatÏany€error€committed€by€the€trial€court€was€harmless,€we€affirm€DefendantððsÏconviction€and€sentence.ÌÌà ` àThe€transcript€of€the€evidence€at€trial€revealed€that€Sergeant€RandallÏHampton€and€Officers€Greg€Slack€and€Shane€Laney€of€the€Jackson€PoliceÏDepartment€were€patrolling€area€motels€in€connection€with€an€investigation€ofÏrecent€motel€robberies.€€While€in€the€parking€lot€of€the€Super€8€Motel€in€Jackson,ÏSergeant€Hampton€noticed€a€car€speed€into€the€lot€and€pull€behind€parked€carsÐ ´8T/0 Ðbut€not€into€a€parking€space.€€The€driver,€later€identified€as€Defendant,€ð ðjumpedÏout,€left€the€parking€lights€on,€and€ran€into€one€of€the€rooms.ðð€€After€just€a€fewÏmoments,€Defendant€exited€the€room€with€another€male,€they€both€entered€theÏcar,€and€Defendant€drove€away.€€According€to€Hampton,€Defendant€carriedÏnothing€into€the€motel€room€but€carried€out€a€briefcase.€€The€passenger,€who€hadÏnot€arrived€with€Defendant,€carried€out€a€duffel€bag.€€The€men€threw€both€articlesÏinto€the€backseat€of€the€car.€€ÌÌà ` àHampton€testified€that€another€officer€obtained€the€license€plate€number€ofÏthe€œcarñ{ ñsñ{ ñ›€and€Hampton€reported€the€number€to€his€dispatcher.€€Only€a€few€minutesÏlater,€Hampton€heard€other€officers€stationed€at€the€Comfort€Inn€call€in€the€sameÏlicense€tag€over€the€police€radio.€€He€then€advised€officers€at€the€Comfort€Inn€ofÏwhat€he€had€observed€at€the€Super€8€Motel.€€ÌÌà ` àOfficer€Slack,€who€was€patrolling€the€area€of€the€Comfort€Inn€the€eveningÏin€question,€noticed€a€black€male€later€identified€as€Defendant€sitting€in€a€carÏoutside€the€Comfort€Inn.€€He€testified€that€he€noticed€Defendant€because€theÏmotel€robbery€suspects€had€been€described€as€black€males.€€The€officers€droveÏaround€the€parking€lot€several€œtimes,›€and€when€they€returned€to€that€spot,ÏDefendant€was€still€sitting€in€the€car,€so€they€called€in€his€license€tag€number.€€ÌÌà ` àOfficers€Slack€and€Laney€stopped€to€talk€to€Defendant,€and€Slack€testifiedÏthat€they€told€Defendant€they€were€patrolling€the€area€because€of€recent€motelÏrobberies.€€They€asked€Defendant€for€his€identification,€which€he€produced,€andÏthey€then€asked€him€to€step€out€of€his€car€so€that€they€could€pat€him€down€forÏweapons.€€The€officers€noticed€the€briefcase€and€duffel€bag€in€the€backseat€of€theÐ Ð9p02 Ðcar€and€asked€Defendant€about€them.€€Defendant€reportedly€responded€that€theyÏdid€not€belong€to€him;€they€belonged€to€a€man€named€Theodore.€€DefendantÏcould€not€give€the€officers€Theodoreððs€last€name.€€ÌÌà ` àThe€two€officers€asked€Defendant€for€consent€to€search€the€briefcase€andÏduffel€bag.€€Defendant€repeated€that€the€items€did€not€belong€to€him€and€that€heÏwas€at€the€motel€to€ð ðdrop€somebody€off.ðð€€Then,€according€to€Officer€Slack,€uponÏbeing€asked€again€for€ña ñœña ñconsent€to€search,ña ñ›ña ñ€Defendant€œñi ñmade€a€statement€ñi ññi ñ›ñi ññh ñstated€ñh ñto›€theÏeffect€of,€ð ðYeah,€I€donððt€care€what€you€do,€but€thatððs€not€my€bag€and€briefcase.ðð€ÏSlack€opened€the€duffel€bag,€removed€clothing€at€the€top€of€the€bag,€and€foundÏa€black€plastic€bag€covering€five€clear€plastic€bags€of€what€Slack€believed€to€beÏmarijuana.€€He€then€searched€the€briefcase€and€found€a€small€paper€bagÏcontaining€approximately€twenty€grams€of€what€he€believed€to€be€marijuana.€ÏOther€testimony€at€trial€revealed€that€the€substance€was€œmarijuanañj ñ,ñj ñ›œñk ñ;ñk ñ›€the€quantityÏfound€in€the€duffel€bag€totaled€2,136€grams€(approximately€œñl ñ5ñl ñ›œñm ñfiveñm ñ›€pounds),€and€theÏquantity€found€in€the€briefcase€was€18€grams.€€ÌÌà ` àSlack€testified€that€they€found€a€picture€in€the€briefcase€and€that€DefendantÏidentified€the€man€as€Theodore,€the€owner€of€the€briefcase€and€duffel€bag.€€PoliceÏlater€learned€that€the€man€in€the€photograph€was€Theodore€Nelson.€€Slack€statedÏthat€although€they€would€have€charged€Nelson€with€possession€of€marijuana€withÏintent€to€resell,€they€never€located€him.€€Officer€Laney€testified€at€trial€toÏessentially€the€same€facts€as€Officer€Slack,€except€he€stated€regarding€theÏsearch,€ð ðThe€first€few€times€[Officer€Slack€requested€Defendantððs€consent€toÏsearch€the€bags]€he€said€he€couldnððt,€but€then€he€told€him€he€could€go€ahead€andÏsearch€them.€€They€werenððt€his.ðð€€€Ð Ð9p02 Їà@ß ß ®àI.€APPEARANCE€IN€PRISON€CLOTHINGˆÌà ` àDefendant€first€asserts€that€because€he€appeared€before€the€jury€in€prisonÏgarbð"ða€blue„green€jumpsuit€with€letters€abbreviating€West€Tennessee€DetentionÏFacility€on€the€backð"ðthe€trial€court€abridged€his€constitutional€rights€to€dueÏprocess€and€a€fair€trial.€€The€State€responds€that€Defendant€failed€to€demonstrateÏactual€œprejudiceñn ñ,ñn ñ›€and€thus€any€error€is€harmless€under€òòCarroll€v.€Stateóó,€532Ð °  ÐS.W.2d€934,€936€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1975).ÌÌà ` àThe€seminal€case€on€appearance€in€prison€garb€at€trial€is€òòEstelle€v.Ð à€ ÐWilliamsóó,€425€U.S.€501€(1976).€€In€that€case,€Chief€Justice€Burger,€writing€for€theÐ Ðp ÐCourt,€noted€that€ð ðthe€constant€reminder€of€the€accusedððs€condition€implicit€inÏsuch€distinctive,€identifiable€attire€may€affect€a€jurorððs€judgmentðð€and€that€ð ð[u]nlikeÏphysical€restraints,€.€.€.€compelling€an€accused€to€wear€jail€clothing€furthers€noÏessential€state€policy.ðð€€òòId.óó€at€504„05.€€However,€the€Court€also€recognized€thatÐ "0 Ðmany€criminal€defendants€choose€to€wear€prison€clothing€in€a€tactical€attempt€toÏelicit€juror€sympathy.€€òòId.óó€at€508.€€Therefore,€according€to€the€majority,€aÐ p& Ðdefendant€must€object€to€being€tried€in€prison€garb€before€such€a€complaint€mayÏbe€reviewed€on€appeal.€€òòId.óó€€Ð P*ð " ÐÌà ` àThe€defendant€in€òòEstelleóó€did€not€object€at€trial€to€his€appearance,€and€theÐ 0.Ð$& ÐSupreme€Court€held,€ÌÓÓà8 ` à[A]lthough€the€State€cannot,€consistently€with€the€FourteenthÏAmendment,€compel€an€accused€to€stand€trial€before€a€jury€whileÏdressed€in€identifiable€prison€clothes,€the€failure€to€make€anÏobjection€to€the€court€as€to€being€tried€in€such€clothes,€for€whateverÏreason,€is€sufficient€to€negate€the€presence€of€compulsionÏnecessary€to€establish€a€constitutional€violation.€€òòÓ°)ÓÐè6ˆ-/` ü!` ü! ÐId.óóat€512„13.€€Ð Ø8x/1 Їà ` àIn€the€case€at€bar,€however,€Defendant€did€make€the€proper€objection€andÏhis€counsel€questioned€him€on€the€record€regarding€this€objection.€€Therefore,€theÏappropriate€and€ultimate€question€for€review€is€whether€the€defendant€wasÏòòcompelledóó€to€appear€in€prison€or€jail€attire€for€trial.€€òòId.óó€€We€conclude€that€the€courtÐ 0Ð Ðdid€not€compel€him€to€appear€in€the€jumpsuit;€furthermore,€even€if€the€trial€courtððsÏaction€could€be€construed€as€compulsion,€any€error€was€harmless€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt.ÌÌà ` àPrior€to€commencement€of€Defendantððs€trial,€defense€counsel€explained€toÏthe€court,€ð ð[Defendantððs]€mother€was€supposed€to€deliver€some€[civilian]€clothesÏhere€this€morning€at€8:00€and€apparently€she€didnððt,ðð€and€counsel€noted€that€theÏonly€alternative€clothing€to€his€actual€prison€clothing€would€be€the€detentionÏcenter€jumpsuit,€which€is€similar€to€regulation€prison€clothing.€€The€trial€judgeÏresponded€that€the€jury€should€not€see€Defendant€until€the€issue€was€decided,Ïand€he€expressed€concern€over€a€continuance€because€Defendant€hadÏpreviously€requested€a€speedy€trial.€€The€court€declared€its€ð ðinclination€.€.€.€to€goÏahead€and€try€the€case.ðð€€€ÌÌà ` àDefense€counsel€replied,€ð ðMr.€Dodd€wants€a€trial.€€Iððve€advised€him€that€heÏhas€the€right€to€interpose€an€objection€as€to€the€clothes€that€heððs€been€furnished.€ÏI€guess€maybe€the€thing€to€do€is€place€him€under€oath€and€let€me€question€himÏabout€it.ðð€€After€being€sworn,€Defendant,€when€asked€whether€he€wished€toÏproceed€to€trial€and€permit€the€jury€to€see€him€in€the€jumpsuit,€responded,€ð ðNo,Ïnot€really,€but€I€donððt€want€to€keep€putting€it€off€and€off.€€Go€ahead€and€get€it€overÏwith.ðð€€Defense€counsel€informed€him€that€if€he€interposed€an€objection€and€theÏjudge€ruled€in€his€favor,€Defendant€likely€would€not€be€tried€for€another€threeÐ Ð9p02 Ðmonths.€€The€following€colloquy€was€then€held€on€the€record€between€DefendantÏand€his€counsel:ÌÓÓà8 ` àQà ¸ àMr.€Dodd,€just€let€me€ask€you,€do€you€wish€to€go€to€trial€todayÐ @ à Мñp ñà ¸ àñp ñdressed›€in€the€clothes€that€you€have€on,€which€is€œño ñ[sic]€ño ñnot›€civilian€à @ ! à¼clothes?€Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` àAà ¸ àI€donððt,€but€I€donððt€want€to€get€it€put€off€until€January.€€The€à @.! àà @.! àà8@.!` ü!` ü!àà @.! àà @.! àà @.! àÐ (È Ðdetainer€has€denied€me€too€many€privileges€in€the€œñs ñà x àñs ñ›œñr ñà Ð àñr ññs ñ›ñs ññq ñà @Ð àñq ñpenitentiary.›€€Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` àQà ¸ àYou€want€us€to€try€your€case€today€as€youððre€dressed€now?и ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` àA€à ¸ àI€donððt€really€have€a€choice,€do€I?а ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` àQ€à ¸ àYou€have€a€choice€to€make€an€objection€as€to€being€put€to€à @˜! àà @˜! àà @˜! àà @˜! àà @˜! àà @˜! àÐ ¨  Ðtrial€in€that€clothing.€€It€will€be€the€Courtððs€obligation€to€rule€on€œñt ñà Ð àñt ñthat›Ïobjection.Ð ` ü!` ü! Ðà8 ` àAà ¸ àYeah.€€Iððll€object€to€it.Ó†3ÓÐð ` ü!` ü! ÐThe€trial€judge€then€overruled€the€objection,€stating€the€courtððs€intention€toÏminimize€the€effect€upon€the€jury€by€seating€Defendant€at€the€far€side€of€theÏbench€where€the€jury€would€never€see€the€lettering€on€the€back€of€his€jumpsuit.€ÏÌà ` àWe€find€that€the€trial€judge€did€not€ð ðcompelðð€Defendant€to€appear€in€aÏjumpsuit.€€ð ð[A]€trial€courtððs€failure€to€honor€a€defendantððs€request€not€to€be€tried€inÏprison€garb€does€not€amount€to€state€compulsion€when€the€defendant€has€hadÏa€reasonable€opportunity€to€appear€in€other€clothes€but€fails€to€do€so.ðð€€òòState€v.Ð p& ÐZongeóó,€973€S.W.2d€250,€257€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997)€(citing€òòTarpley€v.€Duggeróó,Ð `(  Ð841€F.2d€359,€361€(11th€Cir.€1988)).€€In€òòZongeóó,€we€affirmed€the€trial€courtððsÐ P*ð " Ðconclusion€that€ð ðhad€the€defendant€been€diligent,€he€could€have€secured€otherÏclothes.ðð€€òòId.óó€(where€defendant€stated€he€had€scheduled€for€civilian€clothes€to€beÐ 0.Ð$& Ðdelivered€for€original€commencement€of€trial€four€days€earlier,€but€because€trialÏwas€delayed,€he€could€no€longer€obtain€civilian€clothing).€€Likewise,€in€òòTarpleyóó,Ð 2°(* Ðthe€Eleventh€Circuit€found€no€compulsion€where€the€defendantððs€wife€explainedÏthat€she€had€attempted,€four€months€prior€to€trial,€to€deliver€civilian€clothing€butÏwas€refused€the€opportunity.€€841€F.2d€at€361.€€In€òòTarpleyóó,€however,€the€trial€courtÐ à7€.0 Ðhad€offered€the€defendant€additional€time€to€procure€alternate€clothing€and€hadÐ Ð9p02 Ðsuggested€local€agencies€that€could€likely€have€delivered€him€clothing.€€òòId.óó;€òòseeÐ `  Ðalsoóó€òòUnited€States€v.€Gradyóó,€997€F.2d€421,€424€(8th€Cir.€1993)€(determining€thatÐ P ð Ðdefendant€was€not€compelled€to€stand€trial€in€prison€clothing€where€his€counselÏcontacted€his€wife€and€requested€civilian€clothes,€she€failed€to€bring€them€duringÏvoir€dire,€but€defendant€appeared€in€civilian€clothing€the€remainder€of€trial).€ÌÌà ` àIn€this€case,€the€record€reflects€Defendant€clearly€indicated€that€althoughÏhe€was€displeased€to€wear€the€detention€center€jumpsuit,€he€would€rather€do€soÏthan€continue€the€case€for€a€period€of€time.€€He€was€given€an€opportunity€toÏsecure€alternate€clothing,€but€that€clothing€did€not€arrive.€€Under€theseÏcircumstances,€and€in€light€of€our€opinion€in€òòZongeóó,€we€hold€that€the€trial€court€didÐ À` Ðnot€compel€Defendant€to€wear€the€jumpsuit.ÌÌà ` àFurthermore,€in€the€interest€of€facilitating€further€review,€we€additionallyÏconclude€that€if€these€facts€demonstrate€a€compulsion€to€stand€trial€in€prisonÏattire,€any€such€error€was€harmless€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€The€trial€courtÏaccommodated€Defendant€by€placing€him€away€from€the€jury,€where€theÏdetention€center€lettering€could€not€be€seen;€moreover,€it€appears€that€the€blue„¼green€jumpsuit€worn€by€Defendant€was€furnished€to€him€as€an€alternate€to€hisÏregulation€prison€garb,€which€we€assume€was€more€conspicuously€indicative€ofÏcustody.€€The€record€contains€a€photograph€of€the€Defendant€wearing€theÏjumpsuit,€and€we€observe€that€it€does€not€appear€obvious€that€the€jumpsuit€isÏð ðprison€garb.ðð€€Finally,€Defendant€appeared€in€the€jumpsuit€for€the€duration€of€voirÏdire€only;€he€was€provided€civilian€clothes€for€the€remainder€of€his€trial.€€Any€errorÏby€the€trial€court€was€harmless€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€ÌÐ Ð9p02 Ðà@èè ®àII.€CLOTHING€FROM€DUFFEL€BAGˆÌà ` àDefendantððs€second€and€final€assignment€of€error€is€that€the€trial€courtÏimproperly€refused€to€permit€him€to€try€on€the€clothing€contained€in€the€duffel€bagÏfrom€which€the€marijuana€was€seized€by€police.€€Defendant€intended€to€show€thatÏthe€clothes€in€the€bag€did€not€belong€to€him,€raising€the€inference€that€theÏmarijuana€found€therein€did€not€belong€to€him.€€The€trial€court€ruled€at€trial€thatÏif€Defendant€desired€to€wear€the€clothes€before€the€jury,€he€would€be€consideredÏto€have€waived€his€privilege€against€self„incrimination€and€be€subject€to€cross„¼examination.€€ÌÌà ` àThe€State€concedes€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€ruling€that€Defendant€wouldÏbe€subject€to€cross„examination.€€The€law€of€this€œñu ñSñu ññv ñsñv ñtate›€is€clear€that€exhibitingÏoneself€before€the€jury€is€non„testimonial;€therefore,€a€defendant€does€not€waiveÏthe€privilege€against€self„incrimination€and€subject€himself€to€cross„examinationÏin€such€a€situation.€€òòState€v.€Rodriguezóó,€752€S.W.2d€108,€113€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð €$  Ð1988)€(ð ð[W]e€hold€that€the€defendant€can€introduce,€ððdemonstrative€real€orÏphysical€evidenceðð€by€exhibiting€himself€to€the€jury€in€items€of€clothing€relevant€toÏthe€inquiry,€whether€he€testifies€or€not.ðð);€òòState€v.€Sandersóó,€691€S.W.2d€566,€568„Ð P*ð " Ð69€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1984).€€The€òòRodriguezóó€court€found,€however,€that€ð ðtheÐ @,à"$ Ðevidence€of€Mr.€Rodriguezððs€guiltð"ðapart€from€the€clothingð"ðwas€so€overwhelmingÏthat€any€error€in€denying€him€the€opportunity€to€model€the€shirt€for€the€jury€wasÏharmless€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€.€.€.€and€did€not€affect€the€judgment€or€resultÏin€prejudice€to€the€judicial€process.ðð€€òòId.óó€(citing€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(a)€and€Tenn.Ð 4 *, ÐR.€App.€P.€36(b)).€€Ìâ âà ` àÐ à7€.0 Ðà ` àThe€State€argues,€however,€that€because€Defendant€did€not€takeÏâ âadvantage€of€the€trial€courtððs€alternative€optionð"ðpermitting€a€comparison€of€hisÏphysical€body€size€to€the€size€of€the€clothes€as€held€up€before€the€jury,€becauseÏthe€manner€in€which€a€trial€is€conducted€is€within€the€great€discretion€of€the€trialÏcourt,€and€because€the€evidence€brought€by€the€State€to€convict€Defendant€wasÏso€strong,€the€trial€courtððs€error€does€not€require€a€reversal€of€his€conviction.ÌÌà ` àDue€process€requires€that€a€defendant€be€permitted€to€present€a€fullÏdefense.€€òòChambers€v.€Mississippióó,€410€U.S.€284€(1972).€€This€due€process€rightÐ à€ Ðhas€generally€been€examined€by€courts€in€the€context€of€presentation€of€witnessÏtestimony.€€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòUnited€States€v.€Corróó,€543€F.2d€1042,€1051€(2d€Cir.€1976).€Ð À` ÐHowever,€this€right€to€present€a€full€defense,€which€applies€as€well€toÏdemonstrative€and€real€evidence,€may€be€limited€by€procedural€and€evidentiaryÏconcerns.€€òòSeeóó€òòUnited€States€v.€Bifeldóó,€702€F.2d€342,€350€(2d€Cir.€1983)€(ð ðAÐ "0 Ðdefendantððs€right€to€present€a€full€defense,€including€the€right€to€testify€on€his€ownÏbehalf,€is€not€without€limits.ðð).€€ð ðIn€responding€to€the€charges€against€him,€anÏaccused€must€comply€with€the€established€rules€of€procedure€and€evidence,€asÏmust€the€prosecution,€in€order€to€ensure€a€fair€trial.ðð€€òòId.óó€(citing€òòCorróó,€543€F.2d€atÐ P*ð " Ð1051).ÌÌà ` àIn€òòUnited€States€v.€DeStefanoóó,€476€F.2d€324€(7th€Cir.€1973),€the€courtÐ  0À&( Ðdetermined€that€no€violation€of€a€defendantððs€right€to€present€a€full€defense€occursÏunless€the€witness€denied€to€the€defendant€could€have€produced€relevant€andÏmaterial€testimony.€€òòId.óó€at€330.€€We€believe€this€inquiry€is€also€appropriate€for€theÐ ð5,. Ðcircumstances€at€hand€because€we€agree€with€the€State€that€although€the€trialÏcourt€should€not€have€concluded€that€the€act€of€trying€on€clothes€was€testimonial,Ð Ð9p02 Ðthe€trial€court€nevertheless€retains€wide€discretion€to€regulate€the€proof€during€trialÏin€accordance€with€the€rules€of€procedure€and€evidence.€€The€trial€judgeÏsuggested€an€alternative€method€for€attempting€to€demonstrate€to€the€jury€thatÏthe€clothes€were€not€the€correct€size€for€the€Defendant€to€wear.ÌÌà ` àIn€this€case,€upon€an€examination€of€the€record€to€determine€whetherÏDefendantððs€requested€exhibition€before€the€jury€would€have€been€relevant€orÏmaterial,€we€find€this€argument€by€defense€counsel:€ð ðIt€just€seems€to€me€that€weÏwould€be€entitled€to€put€that€type€of€demonstration€on€to€show€that€we€thinkð"ðIÏmean,€we€donððt€know.€€We€never€tried€those€clothes€on,€but€we€think€the€clothesÏwill€show€that€they€donððt€fit€him.ðð€€The€Defendant€made€no€offer€of€proofÏconcerning€this€œevidenceñw ñ,ñw ñ›œñx ñ;ñx ñ›€therefore€the€record€does€not€reflect€whether€theÏclothing€found€in€the€duffel€bag€would€have€fit€the€Defendant.€€Finally,€we€find€thatÏeven€if€the€trial€court€denied€Defendantððs€right€to€present€a€full€and€fair€defense,Ïthe€relatively€low€probative€value€of€proving€that€the€clothing€did€not€fit€himð"ðinÏlight€of€the€testimony€by€two€police€officers€that€he€assisted€in€obtaining€the€duffelÏbag,€was€in€possession€of€the€duffel€bag,€and€had€control€over€the€car€with€theÏitemsð"ðrendered€any€such€error€harmless.Ì€€Ìà ` àWe€conclude€that€the€record€does€not€reflect€that€Defendantððs€right€to€dueÏprocess€was€deprived€œñy ñnñy ñeither›€by€standing€trial€in€prison€garb€for€a€short€time€andÏwith€limited€exposure€œñz ñnñz ñor›€by€being€denied€the€opportunity€to€exhibit€himself€to€theÏjury€in€clothing€he€claimed€did€not€belong€to€him.€€We€therefore€affirm€hisÏconviction€and€sentence.ÌÓ  Óà ` àÌÐ Ð9p02 ЇÓÓà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à____________________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________Ìñ_ ñTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JUDGEñ_ ñÌÌÌ___________________________________Ìñ` ñNORMA€McGEE€OGLE,€JUDGEñ` ñ