ÿWPC7 ÚqŠŠþ<¬Aþ‹3 ÉÚ.CË ÛbÕ[:Š7*Û>¸º'!UÈÌD/)ù­VÏ{GÚѬèˆË»dÕ¹Ÿ#Š‘讈wº­ †î|î-})ÿù¡5-ÀÒ!†0?h„p\¬Àíþfk>,|ÍiVi€Ú¬ÞEw¯N"ýøZ%±?2z6#a»º ¶žÑNÙ{*€Æ`ŸçÃ>ÊûŽmÒôÆuu2ËBœ±M¼¿q6Ô ›øõ@8°™›ÊÃ)cÆLOºW ý¹ÆRˆÈü­Í–NóÏ‘ÌÏ̆s¼Ÿ ³ûj·³ Š€Ón¾Ï+©X N[Ô|©Zñ‰¥Õo}!ÙY®V…# F UNQ %Ÿ 0(¥ LÍ U: bS w@[ 4› ¯ 0ƾ 0D„ :È F;H샼oU :+U:eŸU:¼¼¼¼¼¼öööö Bþþþþþþþþþþþ D3 0DNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN AO’Æáá 0D§ D/ë B˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLÐ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡C:\OFFICE\WPWIN\TEMPLATE\STANDARD.WPT,“í|AZ‹"Arial Regular- ù- [D\^D_`DaDbcdPeÓ€ýhµ&3|xp(v(2ó/$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XZ¨XXXÔÔ€ôe£ôXXZ¨Ôà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó 0Ý ƒ à$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XªìXXXÔÔ€ôUˆôXXªìÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝWe€note€that€these€three€factors€are€by€no€means€the€only€factors€which€are€relevant€to€aÐ `  Ðdetermination€of€whether€the€trial€court€properly€refused€to€grant€a€mistrial€nor€is€it€necessary€to€examineÏthese€factors€in€every€unique€case.€€Rather,€these€are€three€factors€which€are€often€examined€in€casesÏsuch€as€this€one€and€we€conclude€that€they€are€especially€important€in€this€case. <Ý ƒ à$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XjäXXXÔÔ€ô“ôXXjäÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝWe€note€that€Appellant€does€not€contend€that€the€prosecutor€intentionally€elicited€theÐ `  Ðobjectionable€testimony€from€Donelson€or€acted€improperly€in€any€other€manner€in€connection€with€thisÏtestimony.€€In€fact,€defense€counsel€expressly€stated€during€the€hearing€on€Appellantððs€motion€for€a€newÏtrial€that€the€prosecutor€had€never€acted€improperly€in€regard€to€Donelsonððs€testimony.€€ò òó ó 1Ý ƒ à$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XjäXXXÔÔ€ô“ôXXjäÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝWe€note€that€these€three€factors€are€by€no€means€the€only€factors€which€are€relevant€to€aÐ `  Ðdetermination€of€whether€the€trial€court€properly€refused€to€grant€a€mistrial€nor€is€it€necessary€to€examineÏthese€factors€in€every€unique€case.€€Rather,€these€are€three€factors€which€are€often€examined€in€casesÏsuch€as€this€one,€and€we€conclude€that€they€are€especially€important€in€this€case. âÝ ƒ à$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XjäXXXÔÔ€ô“ôXXjäÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€record€indicates€that€after€objecting€to€Donelsonððs€reference€to€Appellantððs€federal€paroleÐ `  Ðviolation,€defense€counsel€stated€that€he€believed€the€trial€court€should€ð ðinstruct€the€Jury€to€disregard€whatÏ[Donelson]€just€said.ðð€€The€prosecutor€then€stated,€ð ðYeah,€I€think€you€better.ðð€ ²Ý ƒ à$ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XjäXXXÔÔ€ô“ôXXjäÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€record€indicates€that€for€the€charge€of€attempted€second€degree€murder,€seven€jurors€votedÐ `  Ðfor€guilty€and€five€jurors€voted€for€not€guilty.€€For€the€charge€of€aggravated€robbery,€nine€jurors€voted€forÏguilty€and€three€jurors€voted€for€not€guilty.€ò òó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular Ô€XZ¨XXXÔԀ îXXZ¨ÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€:Ö  îî„«ÔÐ  ÐÌò òJune€4,€1999Ð ¶¶ ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ôe£ô :ÖÔAppellate€CourtÐ –– ÐClerkó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular d'ÿÿdxd(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýñeñ›ñeñÑ` °ÑÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€ŠˆŠXXÔÔ€Š 8ŠŠŠˆÔÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ€ÑÑ7€öXXdìXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò òñeñßr€*<,(j 8 `€€@E<f  tt0"t` ¨Ørß›ñeñIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ `  ÐÌAT€KNOXVILLEÌÌFEBRUARY€SESSION,€1999ÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à À à)à  àC.C.A.€NO.€03C01„9803„CC„00105Ð ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àó ó)Ð ` Ðà ` àAppellee,à  àà h àà À àò ò)Ð Xø  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àBLOUNT€COUNTYÐ Xø  ÐVS.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àÐ Xø  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àHON.€D.€KELLY€THOMAS,€JR.ó óÐ Xø  Ðò òWILLIAM€DOTSON,ó óà h àà À àò ò)à  àJUDGEó óÐ Xø  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àò ò)ó óÐ Xø Ðà ` àAppellant.à  àà h àà À àò ò)à  à(Direct€Appeal€„€Attempted€Second€Ð Xø Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àœDegree€Murder›€and€Aggravated€œà (# àÐ Xø Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àñdñà h àñdñà À à)à  àRobbery)›Ð Xø Ðó óÌÌÓ  ÓÌÌòòÓ  ÓFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à h àà À àà  àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:Ð 8 Ø ÐÌJOE€COSTNERà  àà h àà À àà  àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÐ ("È Ð315€High€Streetà  àà h àà À àà  àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÐ  #À ÐMaryville,€TN€€37804Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àTODD€R.€KELLEYÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àMIKE€FLYNNÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àEDWARD€P.€BAILEY,€JR.Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àKIRK€ANDREWSÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€District€AttorneysÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à363€Court€StreetÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àMaryville,€TN€€37804ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌREVERSED€AND€REMANDEDÌÌJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGEÐ  p8/0S ÐÓ  ÓÔ€°‰n°ŠŠ 8Ôò òòòOPINIONóóó óÔ€Š 8а°‰nÔÐ `  ÐÓ  ÓÓÓÑ7€öXXdìXXdì7ÑÌà ` àOn€February€20,€1990,€Appellant€William€Dotson€was€indicted€by€theÏBlount€County€Grand€Jury€for€attempted€first€degree€murder,€aggravated€assault,Ïand€aggravated€robbery.€€After€a€jury€trial€on€November€19ð!ð22,€1996,€the€juryÏacquitted€Appellant€of€attempted€first€degree€murder,€but€failed€to€reach€a€verdictÏon€the€charge€of€aggravated€robbery,€the€charge€of€aggravated€assault,€and€onÏall€lesser€included€offenses€of€attempted€first€degree€murder€and€aggravatedÏrobbery.€€Appellant€was€subsequently€tried€for€attempted€second€degree€murderÏand€aggravated€robbery€on€July€15ð!ð17,€1997.€€On€July€17,€1997,€Appellant€wasÏconvicted€of€attempted€second€degree€murder€and€aggravated€robbery.€€OnÏFebruary€23,€1998,€the€trial€court€sentenced€Appellant€as€a€Range€I€standardÏoffender€to€consecutive€terms€of€twelve€years€for€each€conviction.€€AppellantÏchallenges€his€convictions,€raising€the€following€issue:€whether€the€trial€courtÏerred€when€it€refused€to€grant€a€mistrial€after€a€witness€for€the€State€testified€thatÏAppellant€had€been€arrested€for€a€federal€parole€violation.€€After€a€review€of€theÏrecord,€we€reverse€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€and€remand€for€a€new€trial.ÌÌà@II,®àò òFACTSó óˆÐ &,Æ"# ÐÌà ` àSteven€Bartlett€testified€that€he€was€working€as€a€gas€attendant€at€theÏSmoky€View€Market€in€Blount€County€on€December€31,€1989.€€At€approximatelyÏ11:00€p.m.,€Bartlett€was€checking€the€gas€pumps€when€a€dark„colored€1979ÏCamaro€pulled€into€the€parking€lot.€€€When€two€men€wearing€ski€masks€andÏcarrying€guns€got€out€of€the€Camaro€and€went€into€the€store,€Bartlett€hid€behindÏa€gas€pump.€€While€he€was€behind€the€pump,€Bartlett€could€see€that€the€driver€ofÐ Æ9f01 Ðthe€Camaro€had€remained€in€the€vehicle.€€Bartlett€identified€the€driver€as€LarryÏGoodwin.€€The€two€men€stayed€in€the€store€for€approximately€five€to€ten€minutesÏbefore€getting€back€in€the€Camaro.ÌÌà ` àKari€Irwin€testified€that€she€was€working€at€the€Smoky€View€Market€onÏDecember€31,€1989,€when€she€heard€a€customer€scream.€€Irwin€then€looked€upÏand€saw€one€man€pointing€a€gun€at€her€and€saw€another€man€with€a€gun€standingÏnext€to€a€pay€phone€by€the€door.€€The€man€who€was€pointing€a€gun€at€IrwinÏordered€her€to€open€the€cash€register.€€Irwin€opened€the€œregister,›€and€the€armedÏman€took€the€money€from€the€register€and€took€a€bag€that€had€money€in€it.€€IrwinÏtestified€that€even€though€both€of€the€armed€men€were€wearing€ski€masks,€sheÏcould€tell€that€the€man€pointing€the€gun€at€her€was€Caucasian€and€had€blue€eyes.€ÏWhen€the€two€men€left,€Irwin€called€the€owner€of€the€store€and€the€police.€€IrwinÏcould€not€identify€the€man€who€pointed€a€gun€at€her.€ÌÌà ` àDeputy€Jerry€Orr€of€the€Blount€County€Sheriffððs€Department€testified€thatÏon€the€evening€of€December€31,€1989,€he€received€a€report€that€there€had€beenÏan€armed€robbery€at€the€Smoky€View€Market.€€Orr€also€received€information€thatÏa€1970ððs€model€dark„colored€Camaro€was€involved€in€the€robbery.€€ShortlyÏthereafter,€Orr€saw€a€vehicle€that€matched€the€description€he€had€been€given.€ÏOrr€then€notified€some€other€police€officers€that€he€had€seen€the€vehicle€and€heÏbegan€pursuit.€€When€Orr€turned€on€the€blue€lights€of€his€police€vehicle,€the€frontÏpassenger€of€the€Camaro€climbed€through€the€window,€sat€on€top€of€the€door,Ïand€fired€three€shots€at€Orr.€€Orr€testified€that€the€man€who€shot€at€him€had€theÏsame€amount€of€baldness€as€Appellant.€ÌÐ Ð9p02 Ðà ` àOrr€testified€that€as€he€continued€the€pursuit€of€the€Camaro,€he€and€theÏfront€passenger€of€the€Camaro€exchanged€gunfire.€€Shortly€thereafter,€severalÏother€police€officers€joined€the€chase.€€Orr€testified€that€at€one€point€in€the€chase,Ïhis€car€collided€with€the€œCamaro,›€and€he€was€able€to€see€that€the€driver€of€theÏCamaro€was€Richard€Burchfield.€€Orr€subsequently€lost€sight€of€the€Camaro,€butÏhe€eventually€saw€that€the€Camaro€had€been€driven€into€a€lake€and€some€otherÏpolice€officers€had€taken€Goodwin€into€custody.€€Orr€testified€that€he€had€seenÏthat€Goodwin€was€the€passenger€in€the€back€seat€of€the€Camaro.€ÌÌà ` àOfficer€Ron€Boruff€of€the€Alcoa,€Tennessee€Police€Department€testified€thatÏhe€participated€in€the€pursuit€of€the€Camaro€on€December€31,€1989.€€When€OrrÏleft€the€chase,€Boruff€continued€the€pursuit.€€The€front€passenger€of€the€CamaroÏfired€three€shots€at€Boruff.€€Boruff€continued€pursuit€until€the€Camaro€drove€intoÏa€shallow€lake.€€The€driver€and€the€front€passenger€got€out€of€the€Camaro€and€ranÏaway,€but€Goodwin€fell€as€he€attempted€to€run€and€he€was€apprehended€byÏBoruff€and€another€officer.€ÌÌà ` àSandra€Norton€testified€that€Goodwin,€Burchfield,€and€Appellant€were€allÏat€her€house€on€December€31,€1989.€€The€three€men€arrived€at€Nortonððs€houseÏat€approximately€6:00€or€6:30€p.m.€and€they€left€approximately€one€hour€later.€ÏNorton€was€not€sure€whether€the€three€men€all€left€in€the€same€vehicle,€but€sheÏknew€that€at€least€one€of€them€drove€away€in€a€dark€Camaro.€ÌÌà ` àRichard€Burchfield€testified€that€he€had€been€drinking€heavily€all€day€onÏDecember€31,€1989.€€Burchfield€testified€that€although€he€had€pled€guilty€to€theÏrobbery€of€the€Smoky€View€Market€and€to€aggravated€assault,€he€could€notÐ Ð9p02 Ðremember€going€into€the€market€and€he€could€not€remember€who€had€entered€theÏmarket€with€him.€€Burchfield€testified€that€he€had€been€driving€the€Camaro€whenÏit€went€into€the€lake,€but€he€could€not€remember€who€else€was€in€the€car€with€himÏwhen€it€went€into€the€lake.€€He€assumed€that€Goodwin€and€Appellant€were€withÏhim€because€that€is€what€he€had€been€told.€€Burchfield€could€not€rememberÏwhether€he€had€fired€any€shots€during€the€police€chase,€but€he€did€not€think€thatÏhe€had.€€Burchfield€also€testified€that€he€turned€himself€in€to€the€police€the€nextÏday.€ÌÌà ` àLarry€Goodwin€testified€that€he€met€Appellant€and€Burchfield€at€the€placeÏwhere€Burchfield€was€living€on€December€31,€1989.€€Later€that€evening,€the€threeÏmen€went€to€the€Smoky€œView›€œMarket.›€€Goodwin€testified€that€he€drove€theÏCamaro€to€the€market,€Burchfield€sat€in€the€front€passenger€œseat,›€and€AppellantÏsat€in€the€back€seat.€€When€they€reached€the€store,€Goodwin€stayed€in€the€carÏwhile€Appellant€and€Burchfield€went€in.€€When€the€two€men€came€out€of€theÏmarket,€Burchfield€got€in€the€front€passenger€seat€and€Appellant€got€in€the€back.€ÏGoodwin€then€drove€away.€ÌÌà ` àGoodwin€testified€that€shortly€after€he€drove€away€from€the€Smoky€ViewÏœMarketñcñ›ñcñ,€Burchfield›€told€him€to€stop€the€vehicle.€€Burchfield€got€in€the€driverððs€seat,ÏGoodwin€got€in€the€back€seat,€and€Appellant€got€in€the€front€passenger€seat.€ÏWhen€a€police€vehicle€began€pursuit,€Appellant€leaned€out€of€the€front€passengerÏwindow€and€began€shooting€at€the€police€vehicle€with€a€rifle€and€then€with€aÏpistol.€Ìâ âÐ à7€.0 Ðà ` àGoodwin€testified€that€after€he€was€caught,€he€had€initially€lied€to€the€policeÏâ âabout€the€events€surrounding€the€robbery€and€subsequent€chase.€€Goodwin€alsoÏtestified€that€he€had€given€several€different€accounts€of€the€events.€€However,ÏGoodwin€testified€that€he€was€telling€the€truth€at€trial.€ÌÌà ` àDeputy€Marshall€Ronald€Donelson€of€the€United€States€Department€ofÏJustice€testified€that€he€arrested€Appellant€in€Greenville,€South€œCarolina,›€on€AprilÏ24,€1995.€€When€the€prosecutor€asked€Donelson€why€he€had€arrested€Appellant,ÏDonelson€responded,€ð ðMr.€Dotson€was€arrested€on€the€basis€of€a€federal€paroleÏviolation€warrant.ðð€€Defense€counsel€then€requested€a€bench€conference€duringÏwhich€he€objected€to€Donelsonððs€statement,€requested€a€curative€instruction,€andÏmoved€for€a€mistrial.€€The€trial€court€told€defense€counsel€it€would€consider€theÏmotion€for€a€mistrial€and€the€court€gave€the€prosecutor€specific€instructions€aboutÏhow€to€question€Donelson.€€€After€a€series€of€questions,€the€prosecutor€askedÏDonelson€whether€Appellant€was€arrested€on€a€fugitive€warrant€from€TennesseeÏfor€flight€to€avoid€prosecution€for€the€charges€at€issue€in€this€case.€€Donelson€thenÏstated,€ð ðThatððs€another€reason,€yes,€sir.ðð€€Defense€counsel€then€requestedÏanother€bench€conference€during€which€he€again€moved€for€a€mistrial€becauseÏDonelson€had€ð ðjust€reinforced€what€he€said€earlier.ðð€€The€trial€court€stated€that€itÏwould€consider€the€matter€œlater,›€and€the€prosecutor€continued€with€DonelsonððsÏdirect€examination.€€At€the€beginning€of€trial€the€next€day,€the€trial€court€instructedÏthe€jury€as€follows:ÌÓÓà0 ` àYesterday,€you€heard€testimony,€one€of€the€last€witnesses,€a€Deputy€U.S.ÏMarshall,€Ron€Donelson.€€Youððre€instructed€to€disregard€the€statement€byÏMr.€Donelson€that€the€Defendant,€Mr.€Dotson,€was€arrested€in€SouthÏCarolina€on€federal€process,€and€you€shall€not€consider€that€part€of€hisÏâ âtestimony€for€any€purpose€at€all.€Ðà7€.0` T$` T$ ÐÓf/ÓAlthough€the€record€is€not€entirely€clear,€this€instruction€was€apparently€givenÏâ âapproximately€eighteen€hours€after€Donelsonððs€testimony.€ÌÌà@’’*®àò òANALYSISó óˆÐ 0Ð ÐÌà ` àAppellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€should€have€granted€his€request€forÏa€mistrial€after€Donelson€testified€that€Appellant€had€been€arrested€for€a€federalÏparole€violation.€€Specifically,€Appellant€contends€that€he€was€prejudiced€byÏDonelsonððs€testimony€because€it€informed€the€jury€that€Appellant€had€beenÏconvicted€of€some€unknown€federal€crime€in€the€past€œand€created›€the€impressionÏthat€Appellant€had€violated€his€federal€parole€by€committing€the€offenses€forÏwhich€he€was€charged€in€this€case.€€Appellant€also€contends€that€when€DonelsonÏtestified€that€the€Tennessee€fugitive€œwarrant€was›€ð ðanother€reasonðð€that€AppellantÏhad€been€arrested,€this€reinforced€the€testimony€about€the€federal€parole€violationÏand€œñYñit€ñYñalso›€created€the€impression€that€Appellant€was€facing€other€charges€besidesÏthose€in€this€case.€€Appellant€places€great€emphasis€on€the€fact€that€the€trial€courtÏfailed€to€give€a€curative€instruction€until€approximately€eighteen€hours€afterÏDonelsonððs€improper€testimony.׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð `*!" ÐÌà ` àThe€decision€of€whether€to€grant€a€mistrial€is€within€the€sound€discretion€ofÏthe€trial€court.€€òòState€v.€McKinneyóó,€929€S.W.2d€404,€405€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996).€Ð 00Ð&( ÐThis€Court€will€not€disturb€that€decision€absent€a€finding€of€an€abuse€of€discretion.€ÏòòState€v.€Adkinsóó,€786€S.W.2d€642,€644€(Tenn.€1990).€€ð ðGenerally,€a€mistrial€will€beÐ 4°*, Ðdeclared€in€a€criminal€case€only€when€there€is€a€ððmanifest€necessityðð€requiringÏsuch€action€by€the€trial€judge.ðð€€òòState€v.€Millbrooksóó,€819€S.W.2d€441,€443€(Tenn.Ð P ð ÐCrim.€App.€1991).€€ð ðThe€purpose€for€declaring€a€mistrial€is€to€correct€damageÏdone€to€the€judicial€process€when€some€event€has€occurred€which€precludes€anÏimpartial€verdict.ðð€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€929€S.W.2d€385,€388€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð  À Ð1996).€€In€determining€whether€there€is€a€ð ðmanifest€necessityðð€for€a€mistrial,€ð ðððnoÏabstract€formula€should€be€mechanically€applied€and€all€circumstances€should€beÏtaken€into€account.ðððð€€òòState€v.€Mounceóó,€859€S.W.2d€319,€322€(Tenn.€1993)Ð ð  Ð(citation€omitted).ÌÌà ` àThere€is€no€question€that€Donelsonððs€testimony€about€Appellantððs€federalÏparole€violation€was€improper.€€This€testimony€obviously€had€no€relevance€to€anyÏissue€in€the€case€and€œñZñit›€ñZñwas›€clearly€prejudicial.€€Donelsonððs€testimony€informed€theÏjury€that€Appellant€had€previously€been€convicted€of€a€federal€crime€and€œñ[ñit›€ñ[ñcreated›Ïthe€impression€that€Appellant€had€violated€his€federal€parole€by€committing€theÏoffenses€for€which€he€was€charged€in€this€case.€€In€addition,€DonelsonððsÏsubsequent€testimony€that€the€Tennessee€fugitive€warrant€was€ð ðanother€reasonððÏthat€Appellant€was€arrested€served€to€emphasize€the€testimony€about€AppellantððsÏfederal€parole€violation.€€Of€course,€even€though€Donelsonððs€testimony€aboutÏAppellantððs€federal€parole€violation€was€clearly€inadmissible€and€was€clearlyÏprejudicial,€a€mistrial€was€only€required€if€the€error€created€a€ð ðmanifest€necessityððÏfor€a€mistrial.€ÌÌà ` àWe€have€examined€numerous€cases€in€which€the€failure€to€grant€a€mistrialÏhas€been€upheld€on€appeal.€€While€Tennessee€Courts€do€not€apply€any€rigid€testÏwhen€examining€the€failure€to€grant€a€mistrial€after€a€witness€has€given€improperÐ Ð9p02 Ðtestimony,€there€are€certain€factors€that€are€often€considered:€(1)€whether€theÏimproper€testimony€was€elicited€by€the€State€or€whether€it€was€a€spontaneousÏdeclaration€by€the€witness,€(2)€whether€the€case€against€the€defendant€wasÏstrong€or€weak,€and€(3)€whether€the€trial€court€gave€a€prompt€curative€instruction.ñ\ñœ×ƒ×ñ\ññ\ñ׃ ×ñ\ñÝ ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×›€Ð 0Ð ÐòòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòState€v.€Hallóó,€976€S.W.2d€121,€147ð!ð48€(Tenn.€1998)€(holding€thatÐ  À Ðimproper€testimony€about€defendantððs€prior€crime€did€not€create€a€manifestÏnecessity€for€a€mistrial€because€trial€court€gave€an€immediate€curativeÏinstruction);€òòState€v.€Mathisóó,€969€S.W.2d€418,€422€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997)Ð ð  Ð(holding€that€improper€testimony€did€not€create€a€manifest€necessity€for€a€mistrialÏbecause€trial€court€gave€a€prompt€curative€instruction);€òòState€v.€Hallóó,€947€S.W.2dÐ Ðp Ð181,€184€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997)€(holding€that€improper€testimony€aboutÏdefendantððs€prior€incarceration€did€not€create€a€manifest€necessity€for€a€mistrialÏbecause€trial€court€gave€a€prompt€curative€instruction);€òòState€v.€McKinneyóó,€929Ð   @ ÐS.W.2d€404,€405€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996)€(holding€that€improper€testimony€aboutÏdefendantððs€prior€crime€did€not€create€a€manifest€necessity€for€a€mistrial€becauseÏthe€evidence€of€defendantððs€guilt€was€overwhelming);€òòWilliamsóó,€929€S.W.2d€atÐ p& Ð388€(holding€that€improper€testimony€about€defendantððs€prior€bad€acts€did€notÏcreate€a€manifest€necessity€for€a€mistrial€because€trial€court€gave€an€immediateÏcurative€instruction);€òòState€v.€Dickóó,€872€S.W.2d€938,€944€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993)Ð @,à"$ Ð(holding€that€improper€testimony€did€not€create€a€manifest€necessity€for€a€mistrialÏbecause€the€evidence€against€the€defendant€was€strong€and€the€trial€court€gaveÏan€immediate€curative€instruction);€òòMillbrooksóó,€819€S.W.2d€at€443€(holding€thatÐ 2°(* Ðimproper€testimony€did€not€create€a€manifest€necessity€for€a€mistrial€because€trialÐ 4 *, Ðcourt€gave€a€prompt€curative€instruction);€òòState€v.€David€T.€Jonesóó,€No.€01C01„Ð `  Ð9710„CC„00445,€1998€WL€917810,€at€*2€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€Dec.€21,Ï1998)€€(holding€that€improper€testimony€did€not€create€a€manifest€necessity€forÏa€mistrial€because€the€testimony€was€wholly€unsolicited,€there€was€overwhelmingÏevidence€of€guilt,€and€the€trial€court€gave€an€immediate€curative€instruction);€òòStateÐ  À Ðv.€Bill€Sandelóó,€No.€03C01„9606„CC„00237,€1998€WL€28260,€at€*3€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð °  ÐApp.,€Knoxville,€Jan.€26,€1998)€€(holding€that€improper€testimony€aboutÏdefendantððs€prior€criminal€acts€did€not€create€a€manifest€necessity€for€a€mistrialÏbecause€the€testimony€was€spontaneous€and€nonresponsive€and€the€trial€courtÏgave€a€proper€curative€instruction);€òòState€v.€Grover€Livesayóó,€No.€03C01„9510„CC„Ð Ðp Ð00298,€1996€WL€578499,€at€*3ð!ð4€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€Oct€9,€1996)€Ï(holding€that€improper€testimony€did€not€create€a€manifest€necessity€for€a€mistrialÏbecause€the€testimony€was€unresponsive€and€the€trial€court€gave€an€immediateÏcurative€instruction).ÌÌà ` àInitially,€we€note€that€contrary€to€the€Stateððs€assertions,€the€prosecutor€inÏthis€case€is€not€entirely€blameless€for€Donelsonððs€improper€statements.€€WeÏagree€with€the€State€that€there€is€nothing€in€the€record€which€indicates€that€theÏprosecutor€intentionally€elicited€Donelsonððs€statement€that€Appellant€had€beenÏarrested€for€a€federal€parole€violation.€€In€fact,€it€appears€from€the€record€that€theÏprosecutor€did€not€expect€Donelson€to€refer€to€the€federal€parole€violation.€ÏHowever,€Donelsonððs€response€was€hardly€unforeseeable.€€Indeed,€it€isÏreasonable€to€assume€that€when€a€United€States€deputy€marshall€who€hasÏarrested€a€person€because€of€a€federal€parole€violation€is€asked€why€he€arrestedÏthat€person,€the€deputy€marshall€would€likely€respond€that€he€arrested€the€personÏfor€a€federal€parole€violation.€€The€prosecutor€should€have€foreseen€that€hisÐ Ð9p02 Ðquestion€about€why€Appellant€was€arrested€invited€exactly€the€kind€of€responseÏthat€Donelson€gave.ÌÌà ` àSecond,€we€note€that€the€evidence€of€Appellantððs€guilt€was€far€fromÏoverwhelming.€€Although€several€witnesses€testified€that€one€of€the€masked€menÏwho€committed€the€armed€robbery€and€subsequently€fled€the€police€in€theÏCamaro€had€physical€characteristics€that€were€generally€consistent€with€those€ofÏAppellant,€Goodwin€was€the€only€witness€who€ever€positively€identified€AppellantÏas€one€of€the€perpetrators€of€the€crimes€at€issue€in€this€case.€€Further,€GoodwinÏexpressly€admitted€that€he€had€been€untruthful€in€several€of€the€statements€heÏhad€given€the€police€in€regard€to€the€armed€robbery€and€subsequent€policeÏchase.€€Goodwin€testified€that€in€his€initial€interview€with€the€police,€he€had€liedÏabout€several€aspects€of€the€robbery€and€car€chase€and€œñ^ñhe›€ñ^ñhad›€also€withheldÏinformation€about€his€two€accomplices.€€Goodwin€also€testified€that€heÏsubsequently€gave€the€police€as€many€different€stories€about€the€events€inÏquestion€as€he€possibly€could.€€Goodwin€testified€that€in€addition€to€lying€to€theÏpolice,€he€had€also€lied€to€other€people€about€the€events€at€issue€in€this€case.€€InÏaddition,€Goodwin€testified€that€his€criminal€record€consisted€of€approximatelyÏtwenty„seven€felony€convictions.€ÌÌà ` àThird,€we€note€that€the€trial€court€did€not€give€a€curative€instruction€until€theÏday€after€Donelson€had€œtestifiedñ_ñ,ñ_ñ›€œandñ`ñ,ñ`ñ›€although€the€record€is€not€entirely€clear,€theÏinstruction€was€apparently€not€given€until€approximately€eighteen€hours€after€theÏimproper€testimony.€€We€agree€with€the€State€that€there€is€no€per€se€rule€that€aÏcurative€instruction€must€be€given€immediately€in€order€to€be€effective.€€However,Ïas€indicated€by€the€authorities€cited€above,€the€vast€majority€of€cases€in€whichÐ Ð9p02 ÐTennessee€Courts€have€upheld€a€trial€courtððs€failure€to€grant€a€mistrial€inÏsituations€similar€to€the€one€in€this€case€have€based€that€determination€at€leastÏpartly€on€the€fact€that€a€curative€instruction€was€given€immediately€or€at€leastÏshortly€after€the€improper€testimony.€€We€conclude€that€in€this€case,€the€trialÏcourtððs€failure€to€give€a€prompt€curative€instruction€after€Donelson€referred€toÏAppellantððs€federal€parole€violation€and€subsequently€œreñañeñaññbñiñbñnforced›€that€testimonyÏwas€especially€prejudicial.€€The€general€rule€is€that€the€jury€is€presumed€to€followÏthe€trial€courtððs€instruction€not€to€consider€the€improper€testimony.€€òòSeeóó€òòMathisóó,Ð ð  Ð969€S.W.2d€at€422.€€However,€because€the€trial€court€did€not€give€the€curativeÏinstruction€until€the€day€after€Donelson€made€the€improper€statements,€the€juryÏhad€a€minimum€of€approximately€eighteen€hours€during€which€they€were€free€toÏconsider€the€fact€that€Appellant€had€been€arrested€for€a€federal€parole€violation.€ÏIt€is€clear€that€Donelsonððs€improper€testimony€created€the€need€for€a€promptÏcurative€instruction€in€order€to€prevent€unfair€prejudice€to€œAppellantñcñ,ñcñ›€and€in€fact,Ïthe€prosecutor€expressly€agreed€with€defense€counsel€that€Donelsonððs€improperÏtestimony€required€a€prompt€curative€instruction.׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀Рp& ÐÌà ` àWe€conclude€that€in€this€case,€Donelsonððs€improper€testimony€aboutÏAppellantððs€federal€parole€violation€created€a€ð ðmanifest€necessityðð€for€a€mistrialÏbecause€the€trial€courtððs€failure€to€give€a€curative€instruction€until€approximatelyÏeighteen€hours€after€the€improper€testimony€precluded€an€impartial€verdict.€€It€hasÏnot€escaped€our€notice€that€the€jury€in€Appellantððs€first€trial€was€unable€to€reachÏâ âa€verdict€on€the€charges€for€attempted€second€degree€murder,€aggravatedÐ 4 *, Ðrobbery,€and€all€lesser€included€offenses.œ×ƒ×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×›€€While€we€do€not€have€the€transcriptÐ `  Ðâ âof€the€first€trial€before€us,€we€presume€that€Donelson€did€not€testify€aboutÏAppellantððs€federal€parole€violation€in€the€first€trial.€€If€Donelson€did€not€testifyÏabout€Appellantððs€federal€parole€violation€in€the€first€trial,€then€AppellantððsÏargument€that€he€was€unfairly€prejudiced€by€the€improper€testimony€in€the€secondÏtrial€is€strengthened€even€more.€€If€Donelson€did€give€the€improper€testimony€inÏthe€first€trial,€the€prosecutorððs€failure€to€prevent€this€error€from€happening€againÏin€the€second€trial€is€inexcusable.ÌÌà ` àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€REVERSED€and€this€case€isÏREMANDED€for€a€new€trial.ÌÓ  ÓÌÓÓà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à____________________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌL.€T.€LAFFERTY,€SENIOR€JUDGE