ÿWPC°( …UBV %˜U.žÌnXÜ 0 P4 4„ ˜ 0 ”  0D4 w@x 0J¸ 0T 0^V 0h´ 0r 0|Ž 0d 0†n 0ô B„ 1u¡ 0dU6zB)° 0@Ù D3 LDCR AM•/âFµWM Y¬pÁžÝ?{v~ºvÓ8! AO 'ÆZ' 0D ( D/d( B“(<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiX%ä2¼A`ArialTT3|Xi«<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉJQX@%ä2¼A`ArialTTt10cpiXXXä2¼P±ŠQXP((­À$¡¡ÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓR¦"(D(3¾Á$¤¤Ý ƒ­À!ÝÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó STWXYZ[\E]^Ó€2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô(Wj<$ÄÄò òòòà@ìì9ìàÔ  ÔÔ AÔó óóó2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô d# ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò$$$$'ÿÿdxdH,44447Border 1dd€5;Cþÿ << Gÿÿ %Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€3ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€XÔÌÌò òJuneÏ17,Ï1997ÌÌCecilÏCrowson,ÏJr.ÌÔ€ôÔAppellateÏCourtÏClerkó ó <Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€3ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€3ôÔÔ€ÔIt€is€the€policy€of€this€Court€to€use€the€initials€rather€than€the€names€of€minor€victims€of€sexÏcrimes.Ì «Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€3ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€3ôÔÔ€ÔThe€victim€in€this€case€was,€at€best,€a€reluctant€witness.€€In€response€to€the€prosecutorððsÏquestions,€she€testified€that€she€still€had€ð ðfeelingsðð€for€the€defendant€and€that€she€did€not€want€to€be€inÏcourt.Ì CÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€3ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€3ôÔÔ€ÔUnder€a€previous€version€of€Tennesseeððs€aggravated€rape€statute,€aggravated€rape€includedÏthe€unlawful€sexual€penetration€of€a€victim€by€the€defendant€where€the€victim€was€less€than€thirteen€(13)Ïyears€of€age.€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„502(a)(4)€(1991€Repl).€€This€provision€was€replaced€in€1992€by€the€statuteÏproscribing€ð ðrape€of€a€child.ðð€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„522.Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€3ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€3ÂÔÔ€ÔThe€homicide€crimes€are€all€contained€in€Part€2€of€Chapter€13€of€Title€39€of€our€Code;€no€other€offensesÏare€included€in€that€Part.€€Similarly,€all€of€the€kidnapping€offenses€are€included€in€Part€3€of€Chapter€13,€and€all€of€theÏassault€crimes€are€in€Part€1;€no€other€types€of€offenses€are€included€in€these€Parts.Ì ¢Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€3ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€3ôÔÔ€ÔWe€include€within€the€term€ð ðsexual€assault€crimesðð€the€crimes€of€aggravated€rape,€rape,Ïaggravated€sexual€battery,€sexual€battery,€and€rape€of€a€child.€€T.C.A.€ðððð€39„13„502,€503,€504,€505€&Ï522.Ì ·Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€3ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€3ôÔÔ€ÔEffective€July€1,€1995,€this€statute€was€amended€to€provide€that€mistake€of€fact€is€not€aÏdefense€to€prosecution€for€rape€of€a€child€or€aggravated€rape€where€the€victim€is€less€than€thirteen€yearsÏold.€T.C.A.€ðð€39„11„502(a).Ì ”Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€3ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ôÔ€ð ðA€person€commits€an€offense€who€recklessly€engages€in€conduct€which€places€or€may€placeÏanother€person€in€imminent€danger€of€death€or€serious€bodily€injury.ðð€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„103(a).Ì 5Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€3ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€3ôÔÔ€ÔDefense€counsel€admitted€at€the€sentencing€hearing€that€there€were€ð ðno€mitigating€factors.ððÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò€5‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€3ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  Ý›Ñ ` ÑÑ X ÑÑ7€rXXdÈdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓ  ÓÔ€ÔÞ ÞÌà àà àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEE̜ـ€ÙßR€<=;A1-j|` 81 `€€@ÿRß›Ìà@ àAT€KNOXVILLEÌÌÓ  Óà@ àMARCH€1997€SESSIONÌÌÌÌó óÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)ó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óà àò òC.C.A.€NO.€03C01„9609„CR„00333ó óÌà àà àAppellee,à àò ò€€€€€à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àGREENE€COUNTYó óÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€JAMES€E.€BECKNER,ÌMICHAEL€LYNN€EALEY,à àà àà à)à àJUDGEÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àó óAppellant.ò òà àà àà à)à àó ó(Statutory€œrape€„€2€counts)ò ò›Ìó óÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANT:óóà àà àà à€€€€€òòà àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:óóÌÌÌò òROGER€A.€WOOLSEYó óà àà àà àà àò òJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPó óÌ118€S.€Main€St.à àà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€Reporterò òÌó óGreeneville,€TN€€€37743ò òÌó óà àà àà àà àò òà àà àà àMARVIN€E.€CLEMENTS,€JR.ó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€RobertsonÏPkwy.à àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ìà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àò òà àà àà àC.€BERKELEY€BELLó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àò òà àà àà àERIC€D.€CHRISTIANSENó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à113„J€West€Church€St.à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àGreeneville,€TN€€€37743Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àÌOPINION€FILED:____________________ÌÌÌÌò òAFFIRMEDó óÌÌÌò òJOHN€H.€PEAY,ó óÌJudgeÌÇÑ Ü ÑÓ  Óà@ àò òòòO€P€I€N€I€O€NÌÌÌó óóóÌÓÓà àà àThe€defendant€was€charged€with€two€counts€of€rape€of€a€child€andÏconvicted€by€a€jury€of€two€counts€of€statutory€rape.€€After€a€hearing,€he€was€sentencedÏas€a€Range€I€standard€offender€to€two€years€incarceration€for€each€offense,€to€runÏconsecutively€for€an€effective€sentence€of€four€years.€€In€this€direct€appeal,€theÏdefendant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€and€claims€that€his€sentence€isÏexcessive.€€We€affirm€the€judgment€below.ÌÌà àà àThe€first€count€against€the€defendant€provides€that€ð ðon€or€about€July€7,Ï1994€in€the€State€and€County€aforesaid,€and€before€the€finding€of€this€indictment,€[he]Ïdid€unlawfully€commit€the€offense€of€rape€of€a€child€by€knowingly€engaging€inÏunlawful€sexual€penetration€of€[G.K.]× ƒ> ××  ×€.€.€.€,€a€child€less€than€thirteen€(13)€years€ofÏage.ðð€€The€other€count€against€the€defendant€is€identical€other€then€referencing€aÏdate€of€ð ðon€or€about€May€20,€1995.ðð€€Following€the€defendantððs€motion,€the€State€filedÏa€bill€of€particulars€which€states,€in€pertinent€part,€that€ð ð[r]ather€than€July€7,€1994,€theÏtime€frame€is€the€first€Friday€after€July€4,€1994ðð€and€ð ð[r]ather€than€May€20,€1995,€theÏtime€frame€is€between€May€25,€1995,€and€June€7,€1995.ððÌÌà àà àAt€trial€both€G.K.€and€her€mother€testified€that€G.K.ððs€date€of€birth€wasÏJuly€19,€1982.€€Thus,€she€would€have€been€eleven€years€old€at€the€time€of€the€firstÏoffense,€and€twelve€years€old€at€the€time€of€the€second€offense.€€G.K.€testified€that€sheÏhad€been€eleven€years€old€when€she€first€met€the€defendant€in€June,€1994,€when€heÏwas€twenty„six.€€She€testified€that€she€had€first€had€sex€with€him€outside€her€fatherððsÏresidence€at€Pristine€Point.€€Her€last€act€of€sexual€intercourse€with€the€defendantÏoccurred€in€her€room€at€her€fatherððs€residence.€€Although€G.K.€was€uncertain€aboutÏthe€dates€on€which€each€of€these€acts€occurred,€she€admitted€that€she€had€initiallyÏtold€the€District€Attorney€that€the€first€incident€was€on€the€first€Friday€after€July€4,€1994.€ÏShe€also€admitted€that€she€had€earlier€told€him€that€the€last€act€took€place€after€herÏfatherððs€trailer€at€Pristine€Point€had€burned€and€that€it€took€place€in€Haney€TrailerÏPark.× ƒ? ××  ×€€Other€proof€established€that€the€fire€occurred€on€May€25,€1995,€and€that€theÏvictimððs€father€began€renting€a€residence€at€Haney€Trailer€Park€on€June€1,€1995.€ÏThese€were€the€only€two€acts€of€intercourse€about€which€the€victim€testified.ÌÌà àà àCarol€Cope,€the€detective€sergeant€with€the€Greene€County€SheriffððsÍDepartment€who€investigated€the€case,€testified€that€she€had€interviewed€G.K.€onÏJune€7,€1995,€when€G.K.€was€twelve€years€old.€€According€to€Cope,€G.K.€had€told€herÏthat€the€acts€occurred€on€July€7,€1994€and€May€20,€1995.€€Ms.€Cope€also€interviewedÏthe€defendant€on€June€8,€1995,€and€took€a€statement€from€him.€€This€statement€wasÏintroduced€into€evidence€and€included€the€following:ÌÓÓà àà8 àI€met€[G.K.]€about€a€year€ago€through€her€dad,€Roland€[K].€ÏThatððs€the€only€way€we€see€each€other€is€through€Roland.Ï[G.K.]€and€I€have€sexual€intercourse€and€have€had€forÏabout€a€year.€€We€use€birth€control.€€Roland€would€getÏ[G.K.]€and€come€and€get€me,€or€the€other€way€around€andÏwe€would€go€to€Rolandððs.€€Roland€knows€[G.K.]€and€I€wereÏsexually€active€and€has€from€the€start.€€Roland€wanted€meÏto€meet€[G.K.]€about€a€year€ago€and€I€did,€and€we€haveÏbeen€together€since.€€I€have€spent€the€night€with€[G.K.]€atÏRolandððs€and€Roland€would€be€there.€[G.K.]€has€been€atÏmy€house.€€Roland€would€bring€her€by€when€he€picked€meÏup.ÌÌÓÓÌà àà àThe€defendant€testified€that€he€had€met€G.K.€in€about€June,€1994,€andÏadmitted€that€they€œhad€had›€a€sexual€relationship€with€the€first€sexual€intercourseÏoccurring€ð ðthree€or€four,€maybe€five€monthsðð€after€they€had€first€met.€€He€furtherÏtestified€that€they€had€last€had€sex€in€1995€sometime€prior€to€May€25€of€that€year.ÌÌà àà àIn€his€challenge€to€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€the€defendant€Ïcomplains€that€the€State€failed€to€prove€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€twoÍoffenses€occurred€on€the€dates€specified€in€the€bill€of€particulars.€€We€agree€with€theÏdefendant€that€the€victim€was€less€than€definite€about€the€specific€dates€on€which€sheÏhad€sex€with€him.€€However,€this€does€not€inure€to€the€defendantððs€benefit.€€The€StateÏis€not€required€to€strictly€show€that€the€offenses€occurred€on€or€during€the€datesÏalleged€in€the€presentment€(or€a€subsequent€bill€of€particulars)€unless€the€dates€areÏessential€to€proving€the€offense€or€imposing€a€defense.€€òòState€v.€Howseóó,€634€S.W.2dÏ652,€657€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1982).€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Byrdóó,€820€S.W.2d€739,€740Ï(Tenn.€1991)€(ð ð[T]he€exact€date,€or€even€the€year,€of€an€offense€need€not€be€stated€inÏan€indictment€or€presentment€unless€the€date€or€time€ððis€a€material€ingredient€in€theÏoffense.ðð€.€.€.€[T]he€state€need€allege€only€that€the€offense€was€committed€prior€to€theÏfinding€of€the€indictment€or€presentment.ðð)€(òòquotingóó€T.C.A.€ðð€40„13„207).€€In€general,Ïa€variance€between€an€indictment€and€the€proof€at€trial€ÌÓÓà àà8 àis€not€fatal€if€(1)€the€defendant€is€sufficiently€informed€ofÏthe€charges€levied€against€him€so€that€he€can€adequatelyÏprepare€for€trial€and,€(2)€the€defendant€is€protected€againstÏa€subsequent€prosecution€for€the€same€offense€based€onÏdouble€jeopardy€grounds.€€The€variance€is€not€to€beÏregarded€as€material€when€the€indictment€and€proofÏsubstantially€correspond.€€A€material€variance€occurs€onlyÏif€the€prosecutor€has€attempted€to€rely€at€the€trial€uponÏtheories€and€evidence€that€were€not€fairly€embraced€in€theÏallegations€made€in€the€indictment.ÌÌÓÓòòState€v.€Mayesóó,€854€S.W.2d€638,€640€(Tenn.€1993)€(citations€omitted).€€AnyÏð ðvarianceðð€between€the€presentment€and/or€the€bill€of€particulars€and€the€proof€in€thisÍcase€was€neither€material€nor€fatal.ÌÌà àà àMoreover,€as€our€Supreme€Court€recently€stated,€ÌÓÓà àà8 àThe€purpose€of€the€bill€of€particulars€is€to€provideÏinformation€about€the€details€of€the€charge€whenÏnecessary€for€a€defendant€to€prepare€his€or€her€defense,Ïto€avoid€prejudicial€surprise€at€trial,€and€to€enable€theÏdefendant€to€preserve€a€plea€of€double€jeopardy.€ÏInformation€that€may€be€required€in€the€bill€of€particularsÏincludes,€but€is€not€limited€to,€details€as€to€the€nature,€time,Ïdate,€or€location€of€the€offense.ÌÌà àà8 àAlthough€a€court€should€make€every€effort€to€see€that€theÏprosecution€supplies€critical€information€in€the€bill€ofÏparticulars,€we€have€observed€that€in€cases€involving€childÏsexual€abuse,€the€prosecution€may€be€unable€to€supplyÏspecific€dates€on€which€alleged€offenses€occurred.€€InÏsuch€cases,€however,€where€the€victim€is€too€young€toÏrecall€specific€dates,€ððthe€child€may€be€able€to€define€theÏtime€of€the€offense€by€reference€to€such€memorableÏoccasions€in€a€childððs€life€as€birthdays,€seasonalÏcelebrations€and€holidays,€the€beginning€or€end€of€theÏschool€year,€or€visitations€by€relatives.ðð€€If€the€State€is€trulyÏunable€to€provide€even€an€approximate€time€or€date€of€theÏoffense€by€means€of€a€descriptive€reference,€ðða€convictionÏmay€nonetheless€be€affirmed€if€in€the€course€of€trial€it€doesÏnot€appear€that€the€defendantððs€defense€has€beenÏhampered€by€the€lack€of€specificity.ððÌÌòòÓÓState€v.€Speckóó,€___€S.W.2d€___,€___€(Tenn.€1997)€(citations€omitted).€€à àÌÓÓÌÓÓà àà àIn€this€case,€the€defendant€has€failed€utterly€to€demonstrate€how€he€wasÏprejudiced€in€his€defense€by€the€Stateððs€inability€to€pin€the€victim€down€as€to€theÍexact€dates€on€which€she€had€her€first€and€last€sexual€relations€with€him.€€He€did€notÏpresent€an€alibi€defense€for€the€dates€set€forth€in€either€the€presentment€or€the€bill€ofÏparticulars€and€has€not€offered€in€this€appeal€any€defenses€which€he€might€haveÏbeen€able€to€use€at€trial€were€it€not€for€the€dates€set€forth€in€the€bill€of€particulars.€€òòSeeóóÏòòState€v.€Speckóó,€__€S.W.2d€at€__€(Tenn.€1997).€€Accordingly,€the€defendant€havingÏfailed€to€show€how€he€was€prejudiced€by€the€bill€of€particulars€and/or€any€varianceÏbetween€it,€the€presentment€and/or€the€proof,€we€find€this€issue€to€be€without€merit.ÌÌà àà àIn€conjunction€with€his€allegations€about€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,Ïthe€defendant€also€challenges€his€convictions€on€the€basis€of€the€trial€courtððs€failureÏto€require€the€State€to€elect€which€offenses€for€which€it€was€seeking€convictions.€€TheÏdefendant€€is€correct€that,€where€an€accused€is€charged€with€two€offenses,€but€proofÏis€adduced€of€more€than€two€offenses,€the€State€must€elect€which€offenses€it€wants€toÏsubmit€to€the€jury€for€consideration€in€order€to€preserve€the€defendantððs€right€to€aÏunanimous€jury€verdict.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Sheltonóó,€851€S.W.2d€134,€137€(Tenn.€1993).€ÏBefore€the€State€is€required€to€elect,€however,€it€must€adduce€proof€of€more€offensesÏthan€those€with€which€the€accused€is€charged.ÌÌà àà àIn€this€case,€the€victim€testified€about€two€particular€incidents€of€sexualÏintercourse€with€the€defendant:€the€first€and€the€last€times.€€The€victim€testified€as€toÍwhere€these€occurrences€took€place€and€at€what€stage€in€the€relationship€they€tookÏplace.€€She€did€not€testify€as€to€the€specific€dates,€but€admitted€that€she€had€earlierÏtold€Ms.€Cope€and€the€district€attorney€the€dates€on€which€she€believed€they€hadÏoccurred.€€The€defendant,€too,€admitted€that€he€œhad€had›€sex€with€the€victim€a€first€timeÏand€a€last€time.€€The€only€significant€difference€with€respect€to€when€each€of€theseÏinstances€occurred€was€the€month€during€which€they€first€had€sex.€€The€StateÏadduced€proof€that€the€first€time€was€in€the€early€summer€of€1994.€€The€defendantÏtestified€that€they€did€not€first€have€sex€until€three€to€five€months€after€they€had€firstÏmet€in€ð ðaboutðð€June€1994.ÌÌà àà àWhile€we€agree€with€the€defendant€that€there€was€some€proof€in€theÏrecord€that€these€two€instances€were€not€the€only€time€he€had€sex€with€the€victim,€weÏdisagree€that€this€proof€required€the€State€to€make€an€election.€€In€support€of€hisÏargument,€the€defendant€refers€to€the€sentence€contained€in€his€statement,€ð ð[G.K.]Ïand€I€have€sexual€intercourse€and€have€had€for€about€a€year.ðð€€While€this€informationÏmay€have€implied€that€the€relationship€included€more€than€two€acts€of€intercourse,€itÏcertainly€did€not€rise€to€a€level€of€proof€which€presented€the€jury€with€more€than€twoÏdiscrete€offenses€from€which€to€choose.€€In€òòState€v.€Claboóó,€905€S.W.2d€197€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1995),€this€Court€reviewed€a€conviction€for€sexual€battery.€€The€defendantÏargued€that€the€trial€court€had€erred€in€failing€to€require€the€State€to€make€an€electionÍamong€offenses€proved.€€We€stated:ÌÓÓà àà8 àB€testified€in€detail€about€one€precise€sexual€incident€inÏhis€bed.€€The€State€and€defense€counsel€questioned€BÏabout€that€one€precise€incident.€€No€details€were€providedÏabout€any€other€incident.€€The€minor€innuendos€aboutÏanother€incident€were€harmless.€€In€considering€the€entireÏrecord€in€this€cause,€we€are€satisfied€that€the€judge€did€notÏerr€in€failing€to€require€that€the€State€elect€upon€whichÏoffense€it€was€seeking€a€verdict€in€that€only€one€specificÏincident€was€alleged€to€have€occurred.ÌÌÓÓ905€S.W.2d€at€204„05.€€We€are€similarly€satisfied€here€that€only€two€specific€acts€ofÏintercourse€were€alleged€and€proven€and,€therefore,€the€trial€court€did€not€err€inÏfailing€to€require€the€State€to€make€an€election.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ìà àà àÌà àà àAlthough€not€raised€by€the€defendant€in€this€appeal,€this€case€presentsÏan€opportunity€to€voice€our€concern€about€references€to€statutory€rape€as€a€ð ðlesserÏincluded€offenseðð€of€rape€of€a€child.€€The€record€contains€a€pleading€titled€ð ðSpecialÏJury€Instruction€Requests€Underlying€Statutory€Rape.ðð€€In€this€pleading,€theÏdefendant€requested€the€court€to€charge€the€jury€with€the€ð ðlesser€included€offense€ofÏstatutory€rape.ðð€€Although€the€record€does€not€contain€the€jury€instructions€given€byÏthe€court,€we€must€assume€that€the€court€honored€the€defendantððs€request€becauseÏof€the€juryððs€verdict.€€The€record€does€not€reveal€what,€if€any,€reaction€the€State€had€toÏthe€statutory€rape€instruction.ÌÌà àà àWe€realize€that€this€Court€has,€on€occasion,€referred€to€statutory€rape€asÏa€ð ðlesser€included€offenseðð€of€aggravated€rape€charged€on€the€basis€that€the€victimÏwas€less€than€thirteen€years€old€(now€rape€of€a€child).× ƒ@ ××  ל€›€€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,Ï889€S.W.2d€225€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€Under€the€definition€of€ð ðlesser€includedÏoffenseðð€set€forth€by€our€Supreme€Court€in€òòState€v.€Trustyóó,€919€S.W.2d€305€(Tenn.Ï1996),€this€is€an€inaccurate€characterization€of€statutory€rape.€€òòTrustyóó€teaches€us€thatÏstatutory€rape€is€a€lesser€included€offense€of€aggravated€rape/rape€of€a€child€ð ðonly€ifÏthe€elements€of€the€included€offense€are€a€subset€of€the€elements€of€the€chargedÏoffense€and€only€if€the€greater€offense€cannot€be€committed€without€also€committingÏthe€lesser€offense.€.€.€.€€In€other€words,€the€lesser€offense€may€not€require€proof€of€anyÏelement€not€included€in€the€greater€offense€as€charged€in€the€indictment.ðð€€òòTrustyóó,Ï919€S.W.2d€at€310„11.€€Rape€of€a€child€is€ð ðthe€unlawful€sexual€penetration€of€a€victimÏby€the€defendant€.€.€.€if€such€victim€is€less€than€thirteen€(13)€years€of€age.ðð€€T.C.A.€ððÏ39„13„522(a).€€Statutory€rape,€on€the€other€hand,€is€ð ðsexual€penetration€of€a€victim€byÏthe€defendant€.€.€.€when€the€victim€is€at€least€thirteen€(13)€but€less€than€eighteen€(18)Ïyears€of€age€and€the€defendant€is€at€least€four€(4)€years€older€than€the€victim.ðð€€T.C.A.Íðð€39„13„506(a).€€Statutory€rape€includes€an€element€that€is€not€included€in€theÏelements€of€rape€of€a€child:€there€must€be€at€least€a€four€(4)€year€age€differenceÏbetween€the€victim€and€the€accused.€€Moreover,€the€age€of€a€statutory€rape€victimÏmust€be€at€least€thirteen€(13)€while€the€age€of€a€child€rape€victim€must€be€no€moreÏthan€twelve€(12).€€Far€from€the€one€offense€being€a€lesser€included€of€the€other,€theÏstatutory€elements€of€these€two€crimes€are€mutually€exclusive:€depending€on€the€ageÏof€the€victim€an€accused€may€be€guilty€of€one€or€the€other€of€these€offenses€at€a€givenÏpoint€in€time,€but€not€both.€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Woodcockóó,€922€S.W.2d€904,€913€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1995)€(statutory€rape€was€not€a€lesser€included€offense€of€rape).ÌÌà àà àNor€are€we€prepared€to€hold€that€statutory€rape€is€a€lesser€gradeÏoffense€of€aggravated€rape/rape€of€a€child.€€òòTrustyóó€provides€that€ð ðthe€grades€orÏclasses€of€any€offense€are€established€by€statuteðð€and€that€ð ð[o]ne€need€only€look€toÏthe€statutes€to€determine€whether€a€given€offense€is€a€lesser€òògrade€or€classóó€of€theÏcrime€charged.ðð€€919€S.W.2d€at€310€(emphasis€in€original).€€òòTrustyóó€offers€asÏexamples€of€this€test€the€crimes€of€homicide,€kidnapping€and€assault.€€However,Ïwhile€we€agree€that€these€three€types€of€criminal€offenses€were€neatly€and€obviouslyÍdivided€up€into€grades€or€classes€by€our€Legislature,× ƒA ××  ×€the€sex€crimes€do€not€lendÏthemselves€to€such€simple€categorization.€€Although€both€aggravated€rape/rape€of€aÏchild€and€statutory€rape€are€included€in€Part€5€of€Chapter€13€of€Title€39€of€our€Code,ÏPart€5€also€includes€provisions€dealing€with€homosexual€acts,€public€indecency,€andÏprostitution.€€T.C.A.€ðððð€39„13„510;€39„13„511;€and€œ39„13„512€„€516.›€€Certainly,Ïprostitution€is€not€a€lesser€grade€or€class€of€€rape,€in€spite€of€its€inclusion€in€the€sameÏPart.€€Thus,€that€statutory€rape€is€included€in€the€same€Part€as€the€sexual€assaultÏcrimes× ƒB ××  ×€does€not€òòipsoóó€òòfactoóó€make€it€a€lesser€grade€or€offense€thereof.€€Moreover,€theÏvery€nature€of€the€statutory€rape€offense€is€fundamentally€different€from€the€sexualÏassault€crimes.€€For€instance,€the€sexual€assault€crimes€all€require€some€form€ofÏð ðunlawfulðð€contact€between€the€accused€and€the€victim;€statutory€rape€does€not.€€TheÏage€of€the€defendant€is€irrelevant€with€respect€to€all€of€the€sexual€assault€crimes;€it€isÏa€crucial€element€of€statutory€rape.€All€of€the€sexual€assault€crimes€contemplate€theÏlack€of€effective€consent€by€the€victim;€statutory€rape€contemplates€circumstances€inÏwhich€the€sexual€relations€are€admittedly€consensual.€€In€short,€neither€òòTrustyóó€nor€theÍstatutory€scheme€nor€a€consideration€of€the€nature€of€statutory€rape€convinces€us€thatÏit€is€a€lesser€grade€or€class€of€the€rape€of€a€child€offense€charged€in€this€case.ÌÌà àà àIn€order€for€us€to€find€that€the€defendantððs€convictions€for€statutory€rapeÏin€this€case€are€valid,€however,€it€is€unnecessary€for€us€to€determine€that€statutoryÏrape€is€a€lesser€grade€or€class€of€the€offense€charged.€€Rather,€we€hold€that€theÏconvictions€are€valid€under€either€of€two€other€theories.€€First,€this€Court€hasÏpreviously€held€that,€in€rape€cases€involving€victims€under€the€age€of€thirteen€(13)Ïwhere€the€defendant€asserts€as€a€defense€that€he€thought€the€child€was€at€leastÏthirteen€(13),€a€jury€instruction€on€statutory€rape€is€appropriate.€€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòState€v.ÏParkeróó,€887€S.W.2d€825,€828€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994)€(where€the€defendant€wasÏcharged€with€aggravated€rape€and€aggravated€sexual€battery€on€the€basis€that€theÏvictim€was€twelve€years€old,€and€the€defendant€adduced€proof€that€he€had€thoughtÏthe€victim€was€older,€the€trial€court€was€correct€in€instructing€the€jury€on€mistake€ofÏfact€and€directing€it€to€consider€the€offense€of€statutory€rape€if€it€found€the€defendantÏentitled€to€that€defense).€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€889€S.W.2d€225,€230€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1994)€(where€the€defendant€was€convicted€of€aggravated€rape€on€the€basis€thatÏthe€victim€was€twelve€years€old€and€the€defendant€adduced€proof€that€he€had€thoughtÏthe€victim€was€at€least€thirteen,€the€defendant€was€entitled€to€a€new€trial€because€theÏtrial€court€did€not€instruct€the€jury€on€the€defense€of€mistake€of€fact€and€on€the€ð ðlesserÍincluded€offenseðð€of€statutory€rape).€€In€the€instant€case,€the€defendant€testified€thatÏthe€victim€had€told€him€she€was€ð ðsixteen,€going€on€seventeenðð€and€he€requested€aÏspecial€jury€instruction€on€mistake€of€fact.€€Where€a€defendantððs€ignorance€or€mistakeÏof€fact€constitutes€a€defense€to€the€offense€charged,€he€may€still€be€convicted€of€theÏoffense€for€which€he€would€be€guilty€if€the€facts€were€as€the€defendant€believed.€ÏT.C.A.€ðð€39„11„502(b).× ƒC ××  ×€€Thus,€if€the€defendant€in€this€case€had€believed€G.K.€to€beÏsixteen€at€the€time€they€first€had€intercourse,€a€jury€instruction€„„€and,€òòipsoóó€òòfactoóó,€aÏconviction€„„€on€statutory€rape€was€appropriate.ÌÌà àà àSecond,€€in€this€case€the€defendant€requested€a€jury€charge€on€theÏoffense€of€statutory€rape.€€The€trial€court€gave€the€defendant€what€he€wanted€and€theÏdefendant€was€then€convicted€of€that€offense.€€We€find€that€the€defendantððs€actions€inÏthis€case€amounted€to€a€consensual€amendment€to€his€presentment€such€that€heÏwas€properly€charged€with€statutory€rape€in€addition€to€rape€of€a€child.€€Under€ourÏrules€of€criminal€procedure,€ð ð[a]n€indictment,€presentment€or€information€may€beÏamended€in€all€cases€with€the€consent€of€the€defendant.ðð€€Tenn.R.Crim.P.€7(b).€€ÌÌà àà àIn€a€similar€case,€this€Court€considered€a€defendant€who€had€beenÏcharged€with€attempted€first„degree€murder.€€òòState€v.€Robert€W.€Bentleyóó,€C.C.A.€No.Ï02C01„9601„CR„00038,€Shelby€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€filed€Oct.€17,€1996,€atÏJackson).€€No€amendments€to€the€indictment€were€made€prior€to€trial€but,€after€theÏclose€of€proof,€the€defendant€requested€a€jury€instruction€on€the€offense€of€recklessÏendangerment.× ƒD ××  ×€€The€court€granted€the€defendantððs€request.€€The€defendant€wasÏsubsequently€acquitted€of€the€attempted€first„degree€murder€charge€(and€its€lesserÏincluded€offenses€of€attempted€second„degree€murder€and€attempted€voluntaryÏmanslaughter)€but€convicted€of€reckless€endangerment.€€On€appeal,€the€defendantÏcontended€that€his€conviction€could€not€stand€because€reckless€endangerment€is€notÏa€lesser€included€offense€of€attempted€first„degree€murder.€€While€acknowledging€theÏtechnical€correctness€of€the€defendantððs€position,€we€held:ÌÓÓà àà8 àThe€jury€instruction€on€reckless€endangerment,€given€withÏthe€consent€of€both€parties,€constituted,€in€effect,€anÏamendment€to€the€defendantððs€indictments.€€While€no€oneÏat€trial€specifically€addressed€the€necessity€of€amendingÏthe€indictments€to€include€the€offense€of€recklessÏendangerment,€this€oversight€was€merely€the€result€of€theÏtrial€court,€defense€counsel€and€the€State€all€mistakenlyÏconcluding€that€reckless€endangerment€is€a€lesserÏincluded€offense€of€attempted€first„degree€murder.€ÏHowever,€indictments€ððmay€be€amended€in€all€cases€withÏthe€consent€of€the€defendant.ðð€€Tenn.R.Crim.P.€7(b).€€TheÍdefendant€here,€through€his€counsel,€not€only€consentedÏto€being€tried€on€the€charge€of€reckless€endangerment,Ïbut€actively€sought€this€result.€€For€the€purposes€of€thisÏappeal,€we€find€the€defendantððs€actions€to€haveÏconstituted€consent€to€an€effective€amendment€to€hisÏindictments.€€He€will€not€now€be€heard€to€complain€aboutÏconvictions€on€an€offense€which,€without€his€ownÏcounselððs€intervention,€would€not€have€been€charged€toÏthe€jury.€€òòSeeóó€T.R.A.P.€36(a)€(ððNothing€in€this€rule€shall€beÏconstrued€as€requiring€relief€be€granted€to€a€partyÏresponsible€for€an€error€or€who€failed€to€take€whateverÏaction€was€reasonably€available€to€prevent€or€nullify€theÏharmful€effect€of€an€error.ðð)ÌÌòòBentleyóó,€òòid.óó€€ÓÓWe€hold€that€the€same€result€should€obtain€in€the€case€òòsubóó€òòjudiceóó€and€forÏthe€same€reasons.€€The€defendantððs€two€convictions€for€statutory€rape€are€affirmed.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€also€complains€that€his€sentences€are€excessive€andÏshould€not€be€run€consecutively.€€When€a€defendant€complains€of€his€or€herÏsentence,€we€must€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€with€a€presumption€of€correctness.€ÏT.C.A.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€The€burden€of€showing€that€the€sentence€is€improper€is€uponÏthe€appealing€party.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„401(d)€Sentencing€Commission€Comments.€ÏThis€presumption,€however,€ð ðis€conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€theÏrecord€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€factsÏand€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).ÌÌà àà àA€portion€of€the€Sentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989,€codified€at€T.C.A.€œÌðð›€40„35„210,€established€a€number€of€specific€procedures€to€be€followed€inÏsentencing.€€This€section€mandates€the€courtððs€consideration€of€the€following:ÌÓÓÒ ô ÒÒ ¦ ÒÒ ô ÒÒ  ÒÓ ` ¸ ŒX¸)Ó(1)€The€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€theÏsentencing€hearing;€(2)€[t]he€presentence€report;€(3)€[t]heÏprinciples€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencingÏalternatives;€(4)€[t]he€nature€and€characteris‚tics€of€theÏcriminal€conduct€involved;€(5)€[e]vidence€and€informationÏoffered€by€the€parties€on€the€enhancement€and€mitigatingÏfactors€in€œÌðððð›€40„35„113€and€40„35„114;€and€(6)€[a]ny€statement€theÏdefendant€wishes€to€make€in€his€own€behalf€about€senƒtencing.ÌÌÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ ¢ ÒÓÓT.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210.ÌÒ € ÒÒ ¢ ÒÒ € ÒÒ À ÒÌÒ  ÒÒ À ÒÒ  ÒÒ ¢ Òà àà àIn€addition,€this€section€provides€that€the€minimum€sentence€within€theÏrange€is€the€presumptive€sentence.€€If€there€are€enhanc‚ing€and€mitigating€factors,€theÏcourt€must€start€at€the€minimum€sentence€in€the€range€and€enhance€the€sentence€asÏappropriate€for€the€enhancement€factors€and€then€reduce€the€sen‚tence€within€theÏrange€as€appropriate€for€the€mitigating€factors.€€If€there€are€no€mitigating€factors,€theÏcourt€may€set€the€sentence€above€the€minimum€in€that€range€but€still€within€the€range.€ÏThe€weight€to€be€given€each€factor€is€left€to€the€discretion€of€the€trial€judge.€€òòState€v.ÏSheltonóó,€854€S.W.2d€116,€123€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).ÌÌà àà àThe€Act€further€provides€that€ð ð[w]henever€the€court€imposes€a€sentence,Ïit€òòshall€place€on€the€recordóó€either€orally€or€in€writing,€what€enhance‚ment€or€mitigatingÏfactors€it€found,€if€any,€as€well€as€findings€of€fact€as€required€by€ðð€40„35„209.ðð€€T.C.A.€œÌðð›€40„35„210(f)€(emphasis€added).€€Because€of€the€importance€of€enhancing€andÏmitigating€factors€under€the€sentencing€guide‚lines,€even€the€absence€of€these€factorsÏmust€be€recorded€if€none€are€found.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210€comment.€€These€findings€byÏthe€trial€judge€must€be€recorded€in€order€to€allow€an€adequate€review€on€appeal.ÌÌà àà àThe€trial€court€in€this€case€followed€the€proper€procedure€in€sentencingÏthe€defendant.€€Accordingly,€the€presumption€of€correctness€attaches.€€The€courtÏfound€and€applied€three€enhancement€factors:€a€previous€history€of€criminalÏconvictions€in€addition€to€those€necessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range;€theÏoffenses€involved€two€or€more€criminal€actors€and€the€defendant€was€a€leader€in€theirÏcommission;€and€a€previous€history€of€unwillingness€to€comply€with€the€conditions€ofÏa€sentence€involving€release€in€the€community.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(1),€(2)€&€(8).€€TheÏfirst€and€last€of€these€enhancement€factors€are€amply€supported€by€the€record.€€PriorÏto€committing€the€instant€offenses,€the€defendant€had€been€convicted€of€three€Ô% €9 ÔDUIs,Ïreckless€driving,€failure€to€report€an€accident,€and€public€intoxication.€€He€had€alsoÏviolated€his€probation.€€With€respect€to€the€second€of€these€factors€„„€that€theÏdefendant€was€a€leader€in€the€commission€of€the€statutory€rapes€„„€the€trial€court€foundÍthat€the€victimððs€father€was€an€aider€and€abettor.€€While€we€agree€that€the€recordÏsupports€the€trial€courtððs€conclusion€that€the€victimððs€father€participated€in€bringing€herÏand€the€defendant€together€while€knowing€that€they€were€engaging€in€sex,€weÏdisagree€that€the€record€supports€the€courtððs€conclusion€that€the€defendant€was€theÏòòleaderóó.€€Rather,€the€proof€indicates€that€the€father€was€actually€the€leader.€€HeÏintroduced€the€victim€and€the€defendant€and€then€transported€one€or€the€other€to€theirÏmeetings.€€Accordingly,€we€hold€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€applying€this€enhancementÏfactor.€€Nevertheless,€the€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€increasing€the€minimumÏsentence€of€one€year€to€the€maximum€sentence€of€two€years€on€each€conviction.€€AÏmaximum€sentence€is€appropriate€where€there€are€two€enhancement€factors€and€noÏmitigating€factors.œ× ƒE ××  ×›€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà àà àIn€imposing€consecutive€sentences€on€the€defendant,€the€trial€courtÏrelied€on€that€portion€of€the€1989€Sentencing€Act€which€provides€that€a€defendantððsÏsentences€may€be€run€consecutively€when€the€trial€court€finds€by€a€preponderance€ofÏthe€evidence€that€he€ÌÓÓà àà8 àis€convicted€of€two€(2)€or€more€statutory€offenses€involvingÏsexual€abuse€of€a€minor€with€consideration€of€theÏaggravating€circumstances€arising€from€the€relationshipÏbetween€the€defendant€and€victim€or€victims,€the€time€spanÍof€defendantððs€undetected€sexual€activity,€the€nature€andÏscope€of€the€sexual€acts€and€the€extent€of€the€residual,Ïphysical€and€mental€damage€to€the€victim€or€victims.ÌÌÓÓT.C.A.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(5).€€In€finding€that€this€provision€applied,€the€court€stated:ÌÓÓà àà8 àthe€facts€of€this€case€are€that€there€was€a€fairly€long„lastingÏsexual€relationship€involving€sexual€penetration,€theÏcomplete€sexual€act€between€this€27„year€old€defendantÏman€and€this€12„year€old€girl€child€and€that€it€wentÏundetected€for€a€significant€.€.€.€well€undetected€byÏauthorities€for€a€significant€period€of€time,€that€it€was€onlyÏstopped€when€it€was€detected€and€that€at€12€years€old€.€.€.Ïof€course,€a€female€is€a€minor€under€18€years€old,€but€at€12Ïyears€itððs€so€significant€that€I€believe€it€does,€in€fact,€activateÏ40„35„115(b)(5)€to€the€extent€that€the€sentences€should€beÏimposed€consecutively[.]ÌÌÓÓThe€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€ordering€consecutive€sentences€underÏthis€provision.€€Moreover,€the€trial€judge€stated€specifically€that€he€wanted€theÏsentence€to€deter€the€defendant€from€having€sex€with€ð ðyoung€children,ðð€òòseeóó€òòGray€v.ÏStateóó,€538€S.W.2d€391,€393€(Tenn.€1976),€and€we€find€that€the€four€year€aggregateÏsentence€is€reasonably€related€to€the€severity€of€this€defendantððs€offenses€against€thisÏvictim.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Tayloróó,€739€S.W.2d€227,€230€(Tenn.€1987).€€This€issue€is€withoutÏmerit.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendantððs€convictions€and€sentences€are€affirmed.ÌÓÓÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à_______________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJOHN€H.€PEAY,€JudgeÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,€JudgeÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌCORNELIA€A.€CLARK,€Special€JudgeÌ