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BĆ!˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTĄäĢĄĄĢĄä0 <čĄ( 9Z &Courier RegularX(ÅåŅ$””Ń  ŃŃ7€ēKXXdČXXdČ7ŃŃ  ŃÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ø hĄpČ xŠ (#€%Ų'0*ˆ,ą.813č5@8˜:š<H? A°œXiÓ<ž6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpi‡€G 3|x"«<ž6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxž6X@ÉJQX@€"D"Ӏ"2 ’’0Indent1Ō2ŌŌ3  Ō2" ’’0Indent2ą0 ąŌ2ŌŌ3  Ōtuvwxyz#,37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)(<1$““Ō2Ō6.Ś  Ś0Ś  ŚŌ3  Ōą0  ą2, ’’0Indent3ą0 ąą0 ąŌ2ŌŌ3  Ō26 ’’0Indent4ą0 ąą0 ąą0 ąŌ2ŌŌ3  Ō2@ ’’0Indent5ą0 ąą0 ąą0 ąą0 ąŌ2ŌŌ3  Ō2J ’’0Indent6ą0 ąą0 ąą0 ąą0 ąą0 ąŌ2ŌŌ3  Ō2T ’’0Indent7ą0 ąą0 ąą0 ąą0 ąą0 ąą0 ąŌ2ŌŌ3  Ō2^ ’’0Indent8ą0 ąą0 ąą0 ąą0 ąą0 ąą0 ąą0 ąŌ2ŌŌ3  Ō ’’?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ’’8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(Courier New< Œ 9p`(Courier< Œ 9p`(Arial%%%%'’’dxd% Line 7 d++++7Border 1dd("’’$££Ņ  ŅŅ  Ņ€-,Cž’ << G’’ yŻ ƒ!ŻŃ  ŃŃ#€d#ŃŌ€ŌŌ€'ŌŃ  ŃŃ#€d#ŃŃ  ŃÓ` °˜XÓŻ  ŻŌ€)ŌŌ€)ŌÓ  ÓŌ YYY ŌFILEDŌ€)XŌĢĢņ ņFebruary€13,€1996ĢĢCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ĢŌ€)ōŌAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó \Ń\R AŲ'\ŃPtPtHHŚ(’į’āłFG(üHHŚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆ ĆĆ ĆĆ ĆĆ ĆĆ ĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆĆŠ ŠŠHHŠŠ  ŠŠ2ŠŠ’’øę$’ŠŠHHŠŠŠŠŠŠŠŠ  ŠŠ ŠŠ ŠŃŃŃGenevaŃŃ ŃŃ € ŃŃ<Px–ČŃŅŅŅ443!#4ŅŅ$ *$ŅŅ$*$ŅŅ ’KK ŅŅ  Geneva ŅŅ  Geneva ŅÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßŃMonacoŃŃ ŃŅ  BA: T Monaco ŅŅ  BA: T Monaco Ņ(gfi$µµą0  ąŌ2(ĘŌ6.Ś  Ś0Ś  Ś.Ś  Ś0Ś  ŚŌ3  Ōą0` (#(#ą(bÕä$¶¶ą0  ąą0` (#(#ąŌ2ˆAŌŚ  ŚŚ  Ś.Ō3  Ōą0ø ` (#` (#ą(xār$··ą0  ąą0` (#(#ąą0ø ` (#` (#ąŌ2ˆAŌ(Ś  Ś0Ś  Ś)Ō3  Ōą0ø (#ø (#ą(ŒU$øøą0  ąą0` (#(#ąą0ø ` (#` (#ąą0ø (#ø (#ąŌ2ˆAŌ(Ś  ŚaŚ  Ś)Ō3  Ōą0h(#(#ą(Ÿ@Ę$¹¹ą0  ąą0` (#(#ąą0ø ` (#` (#ąą0ø (#ø (#ąą0h(#(#ąŌ2ˆAŌ(Ś  ŚŚ  Ś)Ō3  Ōą0Ąh(#h(#ą(³żt$ŗŗą0  ąą0` (#(#ąą0ø ` (#` (#ąą0ø (#ø (#ąą0h(#(#ąą0Ąh(#h(#ąŌ2ˆAŌŚ  Ś0Ś  Ś)Ō3  Ōą0Ą(#Ą(#ą(Ēńū$»»ą0  ąą0` (#(#ąą0ø ` (#` (#ąą0ø (#ø (#ąą0h(#(#ąą0Ąh(#h(#ąą0Ą(#Ą(#ąŌ2ˆAŌŚ  ŚaŚ  Ś)Ō3  Ōą0p(#(#ą€-‚ƒCž’<< C’’ƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ņ ņŚ  Ś1Ś  Śó ó„„'÷’ dxdü’P PdŻ ƒ!ŻŌ . ŌŌ€ŌÓ&€&&X„d&ÓŃ#€&&Xd#ŃŌ€'ŌŃ  ŃŃ#€((Xd#ŃŃ#€((Xd#ŃŃ  ŃÓ` °˜XÓŻ  ŻŅ 4 ŅŅ h ŅŁ€€ŁŃ  ŃŃ Ü ŃÓÓŃ\R AŲ'\ŃŌ€)Ō›œßL€./,;+'h|Ó’ā` Å `€€Lߛą8 ąą@ ąIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINALĻAPPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEĢą@ ąAT€NASHVILLEą@ ą€€€€€€€€€Ģą ąą ą€€€€€€€€€€€€€MARCH€SESSION,€1995ĢĢÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,ą ąą ą)Ģą ąą ąą ąą ą)Ģą ąAppellee,ą ąą ą)ą ąNo.€œ01C01›„9412„CR„00434Ģą ąą ąą ąą ą)Ģą ąą ąą ąą ą)ą ąMacon€CountyĢv.ą ąą ąą ąą ą)Ģą ąą ąą ąą ą)ą ąHon.€œJ.O.›€Bond,€JudgeĢą ąą ąą ąą ą)ĢBILLY€GENE€EARNEST,€€€€€€ą ą)ą ą(Second€Degree€Murder)Ģą ąą ąą ąą ą)Ģą ąAppellant.ą ąą ą)ĢĢĢĢĢņņFor€the€Appellantóó:ą ąą ąą ąņņą ąFor€the€Appelleeóó:ĢĢA.€Russell€Brown€€€€ą ąą ąą ąCharles€W.€œBurson›ĢAssistant€Public€Defenderą ąą ąą ąAttorney€General€of€TennesseeĢ112€Court€Square€ą ąą ąą ąą ąą ąandĢP.O.€Box€39€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ą ąą ąEugene€œHonea›€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ĢLafayette,€TN€37083ą ąą ąą ąAssistant€Attorney€General€of€TennesseeĢ(At€trial€and€on€appeal)ą ąą ąą ą450€James€Robertson€ParkwayĢą ąą ąą ąą ąą ąNashville,€TN€37243„0493ĢChris€œEulberg›Ģ(Pro€œHac›€Vice)ą ąą ąą ąą ąRobert€W.€StackĢ925€œN.W.›€œ6th›ą ąą ąą ąą ą(Pursuant€to€Rule€7€Article€10.03€of€the€ą ąOklahomaĻCity,€OK€73106ą ąą ąą ąą ąTennessee€Supreme€Court)Ģ(At€trial)ą ąą ąą ąą ąą ą404€James€Robertson€ParkwayĢą ąą ąą ąą ąą ąNashville,€TN€37243„0493ĢĢą ąą ąą ąą ąą ąTom€P.€Thompson,€Jr.€€€Ģą ąą ąą ąą ąą ąDistrict€Attorney€Generalą ąĢą ąą ąą ąą ąą ąą ąandĢą ąą ąą ąą ąą ąJohn€œWooten›€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ģą ąą ąą ąą ąą ąAssistant€District€Attorney€General€€€€€€€€€€€€Ģą ąą ąą ąą ąą ą203€œGreentop›€StreetĢą ąą ąą ąą ąą ąP.O.€Box€178Ģą ąą ąą ąą ąą ąœHartsville›,€TN€37074„0178ĢĢĢĢOPINION€FILED:_______________________ĢĢĢAFFIRMED€AS€MODIFIEDĢ€€€€€€ĢJoseph€M.€œTipton›ĢJudgeĢÓÓņņņ ņą ąą ąą ąą ąO€P€I€N€I€O€Nóóó óą ąĢĢą ąThe€defendant,€Billy€Gene€Earnest,€appeals€as€of€right€from€his€judgmentĻof€conviction€in€the€Criminal€Court€of€Macon€County€for€second€degree€œmurder,€aĻClass€A€felony.›€€He€was€sentenced€to€forty€years€in€the€custody€of€the€Department€ofĻCorrection€as€a€Range€III,€persistent€offender.€€In€this€appeal€as€of€right,€the€defendantĻpresents€the€following€issues:ĢÓ  ÓÓÓą8 ą(1)€whether€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€support€hisĻconviction€for€second€degree€murder,€Ģą ąą ąĢą8 ą(2)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€allowing€a€witness€whoĻhad€been€excused€after€œtestifying›€to€return€to€the€stand€forĻthe€purpose€of€impeaching€another€witness,€and€Ģą ąą ąĢą8 ą(3)€whether€the€trial€court€imposed€an€excessive€sentenceϜrelative€to›€the€defendantššs€offender€status€and€theϜapplicable€enhancement€factors.›€ĢĢą ąĢÓ  ÓÓÓą ąThe€facts€surrounding€this€offense€involve€the€beating€death€of€BarryĻWayne€Griffin€whose€body€was€found€in€a€wooded€area€on€March€5,€1992.€€MaryĻGriffin,€the€victimššs€mother,€testified€that€she€last€saw€her€son€on€February€21,€1992,Ļwhile€visiting€at€her€daughterššs€house.€€She€stated€that€œhe›€was€œdepressed›€but€had€notĻbeen€drinking.€€She€stated€that€the€victim€usually€telephoned€or€visited€each€day€andĻthat€she€did€not€hear€from€him€for€several€days.€€After€œseveral€days,€she€called€the›Ļpolice€and€reported€him€missing.ĢĢą ąLieutenant€Jerry€Dallas€of€the€Lafayette€Police€Department€testified€thatĻhe€had€nineteen€years€of€law€enforcement€experience€and€had€been€the€chiefĻinvestigator€for€the€police€department€for€the€past€ten€or€twelve€years.€€He€stated€thatĻMs.€Griffin€telephoned€him€on€February€œ25th›€and€reported€the€victim€missing.€€BasedĻupon€his€initial€investigation,€Lieutenant€Dallas€learned€that€the€victim€was€last€seenĻat€Billy€Williamsšš€home€at€Polstonššs€Trailer€Court.€€He€stated€that€he€spoke€with€theĻresidents€of€the€trailer,€Shirley€Jones€and€Billy€Williams,€as€well€as€Doug€PattersonĻand€discussed€the€whereabouts€of€the€victim.€€He€testified€that€he€was€looking€for€aĻmissing€witness€named€š šBluešš€who€later€turned€out€to€be€the€defendant.€€He€statedĶthat€he€searched€Billy€Williamsšš€œtrailer›€but€found€no€evidence€related€to€the€victimššsĻdisappearance.€€ĢĢą ąLieutenant€Dallas€testified€that€the€victimššs€body€was€found€in€a€remoteĻwooded€area€on€Dark€Hollow€Road€about€two€and€one„half€miles€from€the€trailer€parkĻon€March€5,€1992.€€He€stated€that€the€body€was€found€at€the€bottom€of€a€thirty„five€footĻembankment.€€The€victimššs€body€was€otherwise€identifiable€by€a€tattoo€on€theĻdefendantššs€left€arm.€€After€the€body€was€discovered,€Lieutenant€Dallas€interviewedĻseveral€individuals€again.€€He€stated€that€he€interviewed€Billy€Williams€and€DougĻPatterson€about€four€or€five€times€and€that€their€version€of€the€events€leading€up€to€theĻvictimššs€disappearance€changed€after€the€body€was€found.€€ĢĢą ąLieutenant€Dallas€testified€that€he€continued€to€attempt€to€locate€š šBlue.šš€ĻHe€finally€discovered€the€defendantššs€real€name€and€went€to€his€last€known€addressĻin€Madison,€Tennessee,€but€the€defendant€had€already€left€the€state.€€He€thenĻattempted€to€find€the€defendant€in€California,€Arizona,€Arkansas€and€through€theĻFederal€Bureau€of€Investigation.€€In€October€of€1992,€the€defendant€was€indicted€forĻthe€victimššs€murder€pursuant€to€a€sealed€indictment.€€œThe›€defendant€found€out€aboutĻthe€œindictment,€though,€and›€œreported›€to€Oklahoma€authorities€in€February€œ1993.›€€ĢĢą ąLieutenant€Dallas€testified€that€he€and€the€Lafayette€police€chief€traveledĻto€Oklahoma€City€to€œtake€custody€of€the›€defendant€on€February€9,€1993.€€They€did€notĻinterview€the€defendant€on€the€return€trip€to€Tennessee.€€Lieutenant€Dallas€testifiedĻthat€they€stopped€at€a€Wal„Mart€upon€their€return€and,€while€the€police€chief€was€in€theĻstore,€he€advised€the€defendant€of€his€rights€and€initiated€an€interview.€€The€defendantĻtold€him€that€he€did€not€want€to€talk€until€he€had€spoken€with€his€lawyer€but€theĻdefendant€stated,€š šIššll€tell€you€this€much€.€.€.€after€I€got€out€of€jail€on€Sunday€morning€IĻwent€back€down€there€and€tried€to€find€him€and€I€couldnššt.€€I€didnššt€believe€he€wasĻdead.šš€€Lieutenant€Dallas€testified€that€the€defendant€referred€to€a€sentence€for€drivingĻunder€the€influence€that€he€had€served€on€the€two€days€subsequent€to€the€offense.€ĻOn€cross„examination,€Lieutenant€Dallas€testified€œthat€after€he€learned€that€the›Ļautopsy€revealed€that€the€victim€had€been€beaten€to€death,€he€returned€to€BillyĻWilliamsšš€trailer€and€confiscated€a€large€stick€that€he€believed€could€have€caused€theĻinjuries.€ĢĢą ąœMurl›€Carter€testified€that€he€lived€on€Dark€Hollow€Road€with€his€motherĻand€sister€in€œearly€1992.›€€He€stated€that€he€and€his€sister€were€collecting€cans€onĻMarch€œ5th›€when€he€discovered€the€victimššs€body€while€walking€along€the€creek.€€HeĻsaid€that€he€did€not€touch€or€move€the€body€and€immediately€took€his€sister€home€toĻtell€his€mother.€€After€his€mother€went€to€see€the€body€herself,€the€family€called€theĻpolice.€€On€cross„examination,€Mr.€Carter€stated€that€he€had€lived€on€Dark€HollowĶRoad€about€two€weeks€when€he€discovered€the€body€and€that€he€did€not€live€thereĻanymore.€€He€described€the€embankment€as€very€steep€without€any€guardrails.€€HeĻadmitted€that€someone€who€was€unsteady€on€their€feet€could€easily€fall€down€theĻembankment.€ĢĢą ąPatricia€œWix›€testified€that€she€was€dating€Billy€Meador€in€February€ofĻ1992.€€She€stated€that€Mr.€Meador€lived€in€Polstonššs€Trailer€Park€and€that€the€two€ofĻthem€would€œcheck›€on€Billy€œWilliams,€who€was€disabled,›€about€once€a€week€to€makeĻsure€he€did€not€need€anything.€€œOn›€the€night€of€February€21,€1992,€she€and€Mr.ĻMeador€visited€Mr.€Williams.€€When€they€arrived,€there€were€liquor€bottles€all€around.€ĻShe€was€introduced€to€Doug€Patterson,€the€victim€and€a€man€named€š šBluešš€whom€sheĻlater€identified€as€the€defendant.ĢĢą ąMs.€Wix€stated€that€all€of€the€men€were€drinking.€€She€said€that€the€victimĻwas€staggering€around€and€trying€to€pick€a€fight.€€Mr.€Williams€told€him€that€it€was€timeĻfor€him€to€leave€and€the€victim€charged€Mr.€Williams€and€knocked€him€down.€€Ms.€WixĻtestified€that€Mr.€Patterson€and€the€defendant€grabbed€the€victim€and€took€him€outside.€ĻShe€testified€that€when€they€returned,€the€defendant€began€bragging€about€bustingĻthe€victim€in€the€mouth€or€the€nose.€€She€said€that€the€defendant€had€splattered€bloodĻacross€his€shirt.€€She€also€said€that€the€defendant€kept€pacing€around€the€trailer€andĶwanted€to€go€œoutside›€to€stomp€the€victim.€€She€stated€that€Mr.€Patterson€calmed€theĻdefendant€by€telling€him€that€the€victim€was€just€drunk€and€œwould›€be€œall€right›€œlater.›€€€€Ģą ąĢą ąMs.€Wix€testified€that€she€and€Mr.€Meador€visited€for€only€ten€or€fifteenĻminutes.€€She€said€that€no€one€else€came€in€or€left€the€trailer€before€they€left.€€SheĻstated€that€the€victim€was€outside€under€a€tree€when€she€and€Mr.€Meador€left€Mr.ĻWilliamsšš€trailer.€€She€wanted€to€check€on€the€œvictim,›€but€Mr.€Meador€told€her€it€wasĻnone€of€her€business€and€made€her€œgo€to€the›€car.€€She€œsaid€that€she€saw€no€one€else›Ļthat€œnight,€only€learning€later›€œthat›€the€victim€was€missing€when€Lieutenant€DallasĻinterviewed€her.ĢĢą ąOn€cross„examination,€Ms.€Wix€admitted€that€she€had€read€her€statementĻa€few€weeks€before€œtestifying›€but€stated€that€she€had€not€read€it€in€the€last€couple€ofĻdays.€€She€denied€that€Mr.€Williams€drank€everyday€and€reported€that€she€had€seenĻhim€not€drinking€more€often€than€drinking.€€She€had€no€recollection€of€an€argumentĻover€a€guitar€on€the€night€of€the€victimššs€disappearance.€€She€could€not€recall€a€largeĻstick€at€the€Williams'€trailer€but€œnoted›€that€Mr.€Williams€had€a€cane.€€She€testified€thatĻthe€victim€was€trying€to€start€a€fight€with€anyone€who€would€fight€him.€€She€œrecalled›Ļthat€he€even€made€some€remarks€to€œher,€but›€œshe€could›€not€remember€œwhat›€œhe›€said.€ĻShe€said€that€she€did€not€visit€Mr.€Williams€again€because€she€and€Mr.€Meador€brokeĻup€the€following€week.€€When€confronted€with€her€statement€to€Lieutenant€Dallas,€sheĶadmitted€that€she€had€not€told€him€that€the€defendant€bragged€about€œinjuring›€theĻvictimššs€nose€or€mouth€and€that€his€shirt€was€splattered€with€blood.€€She€explainedĻthat€she€was€very€nervous€when€she€gave€the€statement.€€She€stated€that€she€wasĻsure€she€was€not€confusing€the€defendant€with€Mr.€Patterson€because€the€defendantĻwas€very€angry€that€night.€€She€said€that€she€could€not€tell€if€the€victim€was€deadĻunder€the€tree€that€œnight.€€On›€redirect„examination,€Ms.€Wix€testified€that€the€victim€wasĻthe€drunkest€of€all€œthose›€œpresent€at›€Mr.€Williamsšš€trailer€that€night.€€She€added€that€theĻdefendant€was€very€drunk€œalso.›Ģ€Ģą ąBilly€Meador€testified€that€he€œlives›€in€Polstonššs€Trailer€Park.€€He€statedĻthat€he€had€been€acquainted€with€Mr.€Williams€for€a€few€months€in€February€œ1992.›€€HeĻstated€that€he€and€Ms.€Wix€visited€Mr.€Williams€occasionally€and€that€he€wouldĻsometimes€run€errands€for€Mr.€Williams.€€He€stated€that€he€had€known€Mr.€PattersonĻsince€he€was€about€fifteen€years€old€but€only€knew€the€defendant€š šslightly.šš€€He€did€notĻknow€the€victim€at€all.€€He€admitted€that€he€œdrank›€a€beer€before€visiting€Mr.€Williams€onĻFebruary€21st.€€He€stated€that€he€and€Ms.€Wix€arrived€around€7:00€or€8:00€in€theĻevening€and€that€Mr.€Williams,€Mr.€Patterson,€the€victim€and€the€defendant€had€allĻbeen€drinking.€€He€testified€that€the€victim€was€š špretty€well€drunk.ššĢĢą ąMr.€Meador€stated€that€the€victim€came€toward€him€twice€and€Mr.ĻWilliams€told€the€victim€that€he€would€have€to€leave.€€He€said€that€Mr.€Patterson€andĶthe€defendant€helped€him€to€the€door€and€that€the€victim€fell€out€the€door.€€He€statedĻthat€he€could€see€the€victimššs€boots€but€could€not€tell€whether€he€had€passed€out€orĻknocked€himself€out€from€falling.€€He€stated€that€Mr.€Patterson€returned€to€the€trailerĻand,€a€few€minutes€later,€the€defendant€also€returned.€€He€could€not€recall€theĻdefendant€saying€anything€when€he€returned€to€the€trailer€and€stated€that€theĻdefendant€appeared€calm.€€He€stated€that€the€victim€was€the€drunkest.€€On€cross„examination,€he€stated€that€he€did€not€see€any€blood€on€the€defendant€when€heĻreturned€to€the€trailer.€€He€also€said€that€he€did€not€hear€them€fighting€although€theĻdoor€was€slightly€open€and€he€was€sitting€only€four€feet€away.€€€€€ĢŃ€0ŃĒą ąDr.€Julia€Goodin,€Deputy€Medical€Examiner€for€Middle€Tennessee,Ļtestified€that€she€has€performed€over€one€thousand€five€hundred€autopsies.€€SheĻstated€that€she€performed€the€autopsy€on€the€victimššs€body€in€March€of€1992.€€SheĻtestified€that€the€victim€suffered€a€contusion€to€the€upper€right€side€of€his€head,€anĻabrasion€to€the€bridge€of€his€nose€and€several€abrasions€on€both€sides€of€his€torso.€ĻThere€was€substantial€bruising€to€the€left€side€of€the€victimššs€head€as€well€as€someĻbruising€in€his€abdomen.€€€She€also€stated€that€there€were€three€lacerations€to€theĻvictimššs€intestines€and€blood€in€his€abdominal€cavity€indicating€severe€internalĻinjuries.€€He€also€suffered€blows€to€his€kidneys€and€pancreas€as€evidenced€by€internalĻbleeding.€€A€blood€alcohol€test€revealed€a€.31€percent€blood€alcohol€level.€€The€doctorĻconcluded€that€the€victimššs€cause€of€death€was€a€combination€of€blunt€force€injuries€toĻthe€head€and€to€the€abdomen.€€She€testified€that€the€decomposition€of€the€body€wasĻconsistent€with€his€death€occurring€about€two€weeks€before€the€autopsy.€€She€statedĻthat€the€victim€probably€did€not€die€immediately€and€could€have€lived€a€few€hours.€€OnĻcross„examination,€the€doctor€added€that€the€victimššs€urine€alcohol€level€was€.38Ļpercent.€€She€also€reiterated€that€she€could€not€determine€the€exact€day€or€time€of€theĻvictimššs€death.ĢĢą ąBilly€Williams€testified€that€he€has€lived€in€Macon€County€for€about€threeĻyears.€€He€stated€that€he€lived€at€Polstonššs€Trailer€Park€from€April€of€1991€until€April€ofĻ1992.€€He€said€that€he€and€the€defendant€were€casual€friends€and€that€he€knew€theĶdefendant€as€a€resident€of€the€trailer€park.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€lived€thereĻabout€four€or€five€months€before€moving€away€sometime€before€February€21,€1992.€ĻHe€stated€that€he€had€known€the€victim€for€about€ten€months€and€had€known€Mr.ĻPatterson€for€about€one€year.€€He€stated€that€Shirley€Jones€would€stay€with€himĻoccasionally.€€Mr.€Williams€testified€that€he€is€disabled€due€to€paralysis€in€his€leg.€€Ģą ąĢą ąHe€testified€that€he€was€at€home€most€of€the€day€on€February€21,€1992.€ĻHe€said€that€he€and€Mr.€Patterson€began€drinking€beer€around€10:00€a.m.€and€went€toĻHartsville€to€purchase€a€half„gallon€of€whiskey€later€that€day.€€He€stated€that€Mr.ĻPatterson€went€to€pick€up€Melanie€Brown€and€was€gone€for€a€little€while€during€theĻday.€€He€also€stated€that€Ms.€Jones€and€her€children€were€at€the€trailer€most€of€theĻday.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€came€by€earlier€in€the€day,€left€and€returned€aroundĻ6:00€p.m..€€He€said€that€Kathy€Slayton,€the€victimššs€girlfriend,€visited€for€a€few€minutesĻbecause€she€and€the€victim€had€gotten€into€an€argument.€€As€soon€as€the€victimĻarrived,€he€and€Ms.€Slayton€started€arguing.€€Mr.€Williams€testified€that€Ms.€Jones,€Ms.ĻBrown€and€Ms.€Slayton€soon€left€to€take€Ms.€Slayton€to€Hartsville.€€€€€€€€€€ĢĢą ąMr.€Williams€stated€that€he€and€Mr.€Patterson€had€consumed€about€aĻcase€of€beer€and€about€two„thirds€of€the€half„gallon€of€whiskey.€€He€stated€that€theĻvictim€œkept€causing€trouble€until€he›€finally€asked€œthe€victim€to›€leave.€€He€stated€that€Mr.ĻPatterson€and€the€defendant€helped€the€victim€to€the€door.€€He€said€that€Mr.€PattersonĶcame€back€inside€and€sat€down€while€the€defendant€walked€the€victim€out€to€the€car.€ĻHe€stated€that€the€door€was€partially€open€and€he€could€see€the€victim€swinging€at€theĻdefendant.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€and€the€victim€swung€at€each€other€a€few€timesĻand€that€he€heard€a€tussle€but€never€did€see€anything€else.€€Mr.€Williams€said€that€theĻdefendant€was€outside€for€about€five€minutes,€returned€to€the€trailer€and€left€again€toĻvisit€his€brother.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€returned€during€the€middle€of€the€nightĻand€told€him€that€he€had€been€at€his€brotherššs€home.€€He€testified€that€the€defendantĻnever€said€anything€about€the€fight€with€the€victim.Ģą ąĢą ąMr.€Williams€testified€that€he€woke€up€around€5:30€a.m.,€had€coffee€withĻthe€defendant€and€took€him€to€the€jail€to€serve€his€DUI€sentence.€€He€said€that€heĻasked€the€defendant€on€the€way€to€the€jail€what€had€happened€to€the€victim.€€He€saidĻthat€the€defendant€told€him€œnot›€to€worry€about€it€because€œhe€had€š šdone›€the€m„„„„„€f„„„„„.šš€€Mr.€Williams€said€the€defendant€did€not€tell€him€where€the€victim€was€œbut€only€saidĻthat€he€would€not€be€found.€›€Mr.€Williams€also€stated€that€the€defendant€told€him€thatĻthe€best€thing€he€could€do€was€keep€his€mouth€shut.€€The€next€day€when€theĻdefendant€came€to€pick€up€his€truck€at€Mr.€Williamsšš€trailer,€he€again€told€Mr.€WilliamsĻto€keep€his€mouth€shut.€€Mr.€Williams€also€testified€that€the€defendant€told€him€to€tellĻMr.€Patterson€to€keep€his€mouth€shut€also.€€Three€or€four€days€after€the€victimššsĻdisappearance,€the€defendant€conveyed€the€same€threat€to€Mr.€Williams€œagain.›€€ĢĢą ąMr.€Williams€testified€that€he€spoke€with€Lieutenant€Dallas€and€that€heĻinitially€did€not€tell€him€everything€he€knew€about€the€victimššs€disappearance.€€He€saidĻthat€he€omitted€his€knowledge€of€the€victimššs€death€from€the€initial€statement€becauseĻhe€was€scared€of€the€defendant.€€Mr.€Williams€testified€œthat›€after€the€victimššs€body€wasĻdiscovered,€Lieutenant€Dallas€confronted€him€regarding€his€earlier€statement€and€thatĻhe€gave€Lieutenant€Dallas€an€account€of€the€events€consistent€with€his€trial€testimony.€ĻMr.€Williams€stated€that€he€never€hit€the€victim€with€his€cane.€€The€trial€court€asked€Mr.ĻWilliams€whether€the€defendant€was€drunk€on€the€night€of€the€fight€and€Mr.€WilliamsĻresponded€that€the€defendant€œwas›€on€œsomething›€and€that€he€had€never€seen€him€actĻlike€that€before.€€€€€€€€€ĢĢą ąOn€cross„examination,€Mr.€Williams€testified€that€the€victim€arrived€at€hisĻtrailer€soon€after€Ms.€Slayton€and€that€he€knew€there€would€be€trouble.€€He€said€thatĻafter€the€women€left€to€take€Ms.€Slayton€to€Hartsville,€the€victim€kept€running€his€mouthĻand€fussing€at€everybody.€€Mr.€Williams€told€the€victim€to€just€go€home.€€He€recountedĻthat€the€victim€had€slammed€his€guitar€into€the€floor€earlier€that€night.€€When€asked€ifĻhe€did€anything€in€reaction€to€that,€Mr.€Williams€responded€that€he€did€not€because€theĻvictim€would€commonly€pull€a€knife€and€he€did€not€want€to€get€cut.€Ģą ąĢą ąMr.€Williams€testified€that€he€heard€the€victim€threaten€the€defendantĻonce€they€got€outside.€€He€testified€that€he€saw€the€victim€swing€at€the€defendant€and€Ķthe€defendant€œbust›€the€victimššs€head.€€He€saw€the€defendant€hit€the€victim€with€his€fistĻa€couple€of€times€before€they€went€out€of€sight.€€He€said€the€defendant€returned€to€theĻtrailer€and€had€a€little€bit€of€blood€on€his€hand.€€He€stated€that€the€defendant€said€heĻwas€going€to€visit€his€brother.€€Defense€counsel€inquired€into€the€defendantššs€brotherššsĻfeelings€towards€alcohol€and€Mr.€Williams€testified€that€the€defendantššs€brother€wouldĻnot€let€anyone€in€his€house€who€had€been€drinking,€yet€the€defendant€told€him€that€heĻwent€to€see€his€brother.€€Mr.€Williams€stated€that€the€women€arrived€from€œHartsville›Ļabout€fifteen€minutes€after€the€defendant€left.€€He€said€that€Ms.€Slayton€asked€whereĻthe€victim€was€and€he€told€her€that€the€victim€must€have€gone€home€after€he€and€theĻdefendant€œfought.›€ĢĢą ąThe€state€recalled€Patricia€Wix€to€the€stand€in€order€to€ask€her€questionsĻrelative€to€Mr.€Meadorššs€fear€of€the€defendant€in€an€effort€to€impeach€Mr.€MeadorššsĻcredibility.€€She€testified€that€she€called€Mr.€Meador€after€being€contacted€byĻLieutenant€Dallas€in€March€of€1992.€€She€stated€that€Mr.€Meador€advised€her€not€toĻsay€anything€œnor€to›€tell€that€they€were€at€Mr.€Williamsšš€trailer€on€the€night€of€the€victimššsĻdisappearance.€€She€stated€that€he€told€her€that€the€defendant€had€connections€andĻfor€her€to€keep€her€doors€locked€and€her€gun€loaded.€€She€testified€that€she€told€Mr.ĻMeador€that€his€advice€was€stupid€and€that€the€best€thing€to€do€was€to€tell€the€truth.€ĻOn€cross„examination,€she€admitted€that€she€and€Mr.€Meador€had€a€nasty€breakup€inĶearly€March€of€1992€and€that€she€has€since€had€his€child€but€does€not€receive€anyĻchild€support€from€him.€ĢĢą ąDoug€Patterson€testified€that€he€had€known€the€victim€two€years€at€theĻtime€of€his€death€in€February€of€1992.€€œHe›€stated€that€he€did€not€know€the€defendantĻvery€well€and€that€they€had€met€through€œBilly›€œWilliams.€€He›€admitted€that€he€wasĻcurrently€confined€in€the€Macon€County€Jail€for€driving€under€the€influence,€publicĻintoxication€and€worthless€checks€convictions.€€He€testified€that€he€and€Mr.€WilliamsĻbegan€drinking€around€noon€on€February€21st.€€He€stated€that€he,€Mr.€Williams,€theĻdefendant,€the€victim,€Ms.€Jones,€Ms.€Brown€and€Ms.€Slayton€had€all€been€drinkingĻthat€night€and€that€the€women€left€to€go€to€a€liquor€store€in€Hartsville.€€He€stated€thatĻMr.€Meador€and€Ms.€Wix€arrived€and€that€the€victim€tried€to€pick€a€fight€with€Mr.ϜMeador›.ĢĢą ąMr.€Patterson€testified€that€the€victim€tried€to€stand€up€and€fell€over€on€aĻtable.€€He€testified€that€he€helped€the€victim€up€and€straightened€a€lamp€that€he€hadĻknocked€over.€€He€stated€that€the€defendant€grabbed€the€victim€by€the€arm€and€œstarted›Ļout€the€door€with€œhim.›€€Mr.€Patterson€denied€that€he€helped€carry€the€victim€outside.€ĻHe€stated€that€the€defendant€shoved€the€victim€outside€and€proceeded€to€stomp€andĻkick€the€victim.€€He€stated€that€the€defendant€did€not€use€his€fists€but€kicked€the€victimĻwith€his€cowboy€boots.€€After€about€two€minutes,€the€defendant€returned€to€the€trailer.€ĶHe€paced€the€floors€for€a€few€minutes€and€went€back€outside.€€He€returned€a€fewĻminutes€later.€€Mr.€Patterson€testified€that€Ms.€Wix€and€Mr.€Meador€left€after€theĻdefendant€returned€the€second€time.€€€€€€€€ĢĢą ąMr.€Patterson€testified€that€the€defendant€returned€in€the€middle€of€theĻnight.€€He€stated€that€he€did€not€see€the€victim€again.€€He€admitted€that€he€did€not€tellĻLieutenant€Dallas€everything€in€his€initial€statement€on€March€5th€but€explained€thatĻhe€was€scared.€€He€stated€that€Mr.€Williams€had€warned€him€of€the€defendantššsĻthreats.€He€testified€that€he€told€Lieutenant€Dallas€everything€on€March€16th.€€HeĻdenied€that€he€ever€struck€the€victim€on€February€21st.€€ĢĢą ąOn€cross„examination,€Mr.€Patterson€admitted€that€he€met€the€victimĻwhile€serving€a€sentence€in€the€Macon€County€Jail€for€DUI.€€He€also€stated€that€he€andĻthe€defendant€were€in€the€same€jail€while€the€defendant€awaited€trial€and€that€theĻdefendant€gave€him€some€œš šscaryšš›€looks.€€He€described€Mr.€Williams€as€a€friend€butĻminimized€his€relationship€with€the€defendant.€€He€stated€that€the€defendant€was€notĻas€drunk€as€he€and€Mr.€Williams€on€the€night€of€the€offense.€€He€related€œthat›€Mr.ĻWilliams€had€warned€him€not€to€talk.ĢĢą ąMr.€Patterson€stated€that€the€victim€did€not€have€a€knife€that€night€andĻthat€the€victim€had€never€assaulted€him€with€a€knife.€€He€stated€that€the€victim€tried€toĶpick€a€fight€with€Mr.€Meador.€€He€stated€that€the€victim€was€not€assaulting€anyone,€butĻwas€just€drunk,€when€he€stumbled€and€knocked€over€the€lamp.€€He€stated€that€Mr.ĻWilliams€told€the€victim€that€he€would€have€to€leave.€€Mr.€Patterson€testified€that€theĻdefendant€walked€the€victim€to€the€door€where€he€either€pushed€the€victim€out€or€theĻvictim€fell€down€the€steps.€€He€stated€that€the€door€stayed€open€and€that€he€might€haveĻwalked€to€the€steps€but€was€positive€that€he€did€not€leave€the€steps.ĢĢą ąMr.€Patterson€stated€that€the€victim€was€lying€on€the€ground€and€theĻdefendant€began€to€kick€him€in€his€side.€€He€denied€seeing€the€defendant€put€theĻvictim€in€his€truck.€€He€testified€that€the€victim€was€hurt€bad.€€He€said€that€when€theĻvictim€fell€down€the€œsteps,›€he€hit€his€head€and€began€to€bleed.€€He€said€that€œwhen€the›Ļdefendant€œreturned€inside,›€the€defendant€was€œrelatively›€calm€and€told€everyone€thatĻhe€had€š škicked€[the€victimššs]€ass€good.šš€€He€stated€that€he€never€saw€any€blood€on€theĻdefendant.ĢĢą ąMr.€Patterson€stated€that€he€was€not€really€familiar€with€the€area€whereĻthe€victimššs€body€was€found€and€denied€ever€going€there€with€the€defendant.€€HeĻstated€that€he€was€afraid€of€the€defendant€when€he€talked€to€Lieutenant€Dallas€andĻthat€he€is€still€afraid€of€the€defendant€but€added€that€the€defendant€has€never€doneĻanything€to€him€personally.€€He€stated€that€the€defendant€left€the€trailer€for€about€anĻhour,€returned€and€everyone€fell€asleep.€€ĢĢą ąShirley€Jones€testified€that€she€was€dating€Mr.€Williams€in€February€ofĻ1992.€€She€said€that€she€knew€the€victim€through€her€aunt,€Kathy€Slayton,€who€datedĻthe€victim.€€She€testified€that€she€was€at€home€all€day€on€February€21st€and€that€theĻdefendant€and€his€wife€dropped€by€in€the€morning€on€their€way€to€court€for€theĻdefendantššs€DUI€charge.€€She€said€that€Mr.€Patterson€and€Ms.€Brown€visited€later€andĻspent€the€day€drinking€with€Mr.€Williams.€€She€stated€that€the€victim€came€over€and,Ļlater,€Ms.€Slayton€arrived.€€She€said€that€she€and€Ms.€Slayton€and€Ms.€Brown€went€toĻHartsville€to€buy€more€liquor.€ĢĢą ąMs.€Jones€could€not€remember€when€the€defendant€arrived€that€night.€ĻShe€said€that€she€and€the€other€women€were€gone€about€an€hour.€€She€said€that€theĻfirst€person€she€saw€when€they€returned€was€Mr.€Williams€who€was€talking€on€theĻtelephone.€€She€said€that€she€could€not€remember€seeing€either€the€defendant€or€theĻvictim.€€She€stated€that€nothing€was€ever€said€in€front€of€her€about€the€defendant€andĻvictimššs€fight.€€She€said€that€she€never€saw€Ms.€Wix€or€Mr.€Meador€at€her€trailer€thatĻnight.ĢĢą ąOn€cross„examination€she€testified€that€she€was€not€drinking€on€that€day.€ĻShe€also€stated€that€Mr.€Williams€had€a€large€stick€that€he€kept€nearby€for€his€ownĻprotection€but€that€she€had€never€seen€him€use€it.€€She€said€that€the€victim€entered€theĶtrailer€without€knocking€but€that€no€one€said€anything€to€him€about€it.€€She€said€thatĻMs.€Slayton€and€the€victim€were€always€arguing€and€that€Ms.€Slayton€had€no€problemĻsetting€the€victim€down€in€a€chair€that€night€because€he€was€so€drunk.€€She€never€sawĻthe€victim€with€a€knife€that€night.€€She€testified€that€Mr.€Williams€did€not€like€Ms.ĻSlayton€or€the€victim€because€they€had€blamed€him€for€some€damaged€property€at€theĻtrailer€park.€€However,€she€stated€that€she€had€never€seen€the€victim€and€Mr.€WilliamsĻor€Mr.€Patterson€fight€about€anything.€€ĢĢą ąBilly€Meador€testified€for€the€defendant.€€He€stated€that€he€received€aĻtelephone€call€from€Ms.€Wix€the€day€that€they€both€testified€for€the€state€and€that€sheĻwas€very€upset.€€He€stated€that€she€blamed€him€for€having€to€come€back€to€court.€€HeĻstated€that€they€had€broken€up€about€a€week€after€the€victim€disappeared€and€that€sheĻdid€not€really€like€him€anymore.€€He€denied€telling€her€to€lie.€€He€stated€that€he€hadĻnever€been€threatened€by€the€defendant€about€his€testimony€and€said€that€he€was€notĻafraid€of€the€defendant.€€On€cross„examination,€he€admitted€that€he€had€initially€toldĻLieutenant€Dallas€that€he€was€not€at€the€trailer€on€the€night€of€the€victimššsĻdisappearance.€€On€redirect€examination,€he€testified€that€he€had€lied€to€LieutenantĻDallas€initially€because€he€did€not€want€to€get€involved.€€ĢĢą ąKathy€Slayton€testified€for€the€defendant.€€She€stated€that€she€and€theĻvictim€were€living€together€in€February€of€1992.€€She€described€their€relationship€asĶstormy.€€She€stated€that€when€she€arrived€at€Mr.€Williamsšš€trailer€on€February€21st,€theĻvictim€was€glad€to€see€her.€€She€said€that€œshe,€Ms.›€Jones€and€Ms.€Brown€went€toĻHartsville€for€some€liquor.€€She€said€that€when€they€returned,€the€defendant€was€at€theϜtrailer,›€but€the€victim€was€gone.€€She€asked€where€the€victim€was€and€Mr.€Williams€toldĻher€that€he€left.€€She€stated€that€the€victimššs€mother€lived€across€the€street€so€she€justĻassumed€that€he€had€gone€over€there.€ĢĢą ąMs.€œSlayton›€testified€that€the€victim€would€sometimes€get€š šcantankerousššĻand€that€he€had€pulled€a€butcher€knife€on€her€earlier€that€day.€€She€said€that€he€wasĻso€drunk€he€could€not€cut€her€with€it€and€that€she€had€never€seen€him€threaten€anyoneĻelse€with€a€knife.€€She€did€not€know€of€any€animosity€between€the€victim€and€Mr.ĻPatterson€or€the€defendant.€€She€stated€that€she€did€not€see€any€blood€on€anyone,Ļspecifically€the€defendant,€when€she€returned€from€Hartsville.ĢĢą ąLarry€œTurnbow›,€an€investigator€for€the€public€defenderššs€office€in€MaconĻCounty,€testified€for€the€defendant.€€œHe›€stated€that€he€interviewed€Ms.€Wix€who€toldĻhim€that€she€had€stopped€to€check€on€the€victim€when€she€and€Mr.€Meador€left€theĻtrailer.€€She€told€him€that€she€did€not€get€close€enough€to€touch€the€victim€but€that€sheĻcould€see€that€he€was€breathing.€€ĢĢą ąThe€defendant€testified€that€he€and€his€wife€did€not€stop€by€the€WilliamsššĻtrailer€on€the€morning€of€February€21st.€€He€denied€that€he€had€court€on€that€day€andĻstated€that€he€had€court€a€week€earlier.€€He€stated€that€he€worked€all€day€in€NashvilleĻon€the€21st.€€He€came€to€Lafayette€to€serve€his€forty„eight€hours€for€a€DUI.€€HeĻadmitted€that€he€had€a€felony€record€from€Arkansas€dating€back€to€1982.€€He€testifiedĻthat€he€successfully€completed€his€parole€and€the€only€other€trouble€he€had€gottenĻinto€was€the€DUI.€€He€testified€that€he€turned€himself€him€when€he€found€out€that€heĻhad€been€indicted€for€the€murder.€€Ģą ąĢą ąRelative€to€February€21st,€the€defendant€testified€that€he€recalled€goingĻto€Mr.€Williamsšš€trailer€and€œasking›€Mr.€Williams€if€he€could€leave€his€truck€there€whileĻhe€served€his€forty„eight€hours€that€weekend.€€He€stated€that€Mr.€Williams€œagreed›€toĻgive€him€a€ride€to€the€jail.€€He€stated€that€he€arrived€at€the€trailer€around€7:00€p.m.€andĻthat€Ms.€Jones,€Mr.€Williams,€Mr.€Patterson€and€Ms.€Brown€were€all€there.€€He€said€thatĻthere€was€a€lot€of€drinking€going€on€and€that€he€also€drank.€€He€said€that€he€drank€fiveĻbeers€on€his€way€to€Lafayette€from€Madison€and€that€he€drank€more€beer€when€heĻarrived€at€the€trailer.€€He€said€that€Mr.€Williams€was€playing€the€guitar€and€œthat€the›Ļvictim€kept€messing€with€œit.›€€He€said€that€Mr.€Williams€told€the€victim€to€œstop€and€thatĻthe€victim›€would€stop€for€a€little€while€and€then€start€back€up€œagain.€€He›€said€that€Mr.ĻWilliams€œfinally€got€angry€and€hit›€the€victim€in€the€head€four€or€five€times€with€a€largeĻstick€that€he€kept€near€his€chair.ĢĢą ąThe€defendant€testified€that€Ms.€Wix€and€Mr.€Meador€arrived€later€andĻthat€the€victim€said€something€to€Ms.€Wix€about€her€appearance€but€otherwise€did€notĻargue€with€anyone.€€He€stated€that€the€victim€never€did€lunge€toward€Mr.€Williams.€€HeĻtestified€that€Mr.€Patterson€pushed€the€victim€out€the€door€after€Mr.€Williams€beat€him.€ĻHe€said€that€the€victim€was€lying€on€the€sidewalk€and€that€Mr.€Patterson€went€outsideĻimmediately.€€He€said€that€he€did€not€go€outside€until€a€few€minutes€later.€€He€couldĻhear€the€victim€grunting€and€Mr.€Patterson€œcursing›€and€kicking€him.€€The€defendantĻstated€that€he€went€outside€and€told€Mr.€Patterson€to€stop.€ĢĢą ąThe€defendant€testified€that€Mr.€Williams€asked€œhim›€and€Mr.€Patterson€toĻmove€the€victim€œaway€from›€œthe›€front€of€his€trailer€œand€they›€picked€him€up€and€carriedĻhim€across€the€street.€€He€said€that€the€victim€was€breathing€and€that€there€was€noĻindication€that€he€was€œseriously›€œhurt.›€€He€said€that€they€all€returned€to€the€trailer€andĻthat€Mr.€Williams€and€Mr.€Patterson€said€that€they€wanted€the€victim€moved€œin€orderĻthat›€the€girls€would€not€know€what€had€happened.€€He€stated€that€Ms.€Wix€and€Mr.ĻMeador€had€already€left.€€He€said€that€he€and€Mr.€Patterson€put€the€victim€in€his€truckĻand€carried€him€away.€€He€said€that€the€victim€was€still€alive€and€that€he€had€noĻreason€to€be€concerned€that€he€might€die.€€He€said€that€Mr.€Patterson€directed€him€toĻDark€Hollow€Road€where€they€sat€the€victim€on€the€side€of€the€road€leaning€against€aĶtree.€€The€defendant€denied€that€he€ever€hit€or€kicked€the€victim.€€He€stated€that€heĻnever€got€any€blood€on€himself.ĢĢą ąThe€defendant€testified€that€the€truck€ran€out€of€gas€on€their€way€back€toĻthe€trailer€and€that€he€and€Mr.€Patterson€went€to€a€nearby€house€where€Mr.€PattersonĻtelephoned€for€help.€€He€did€not€know€who€Mr.€Patterson€called€but€the€owner€of€theĻhouse€took€them€to€get€gas.€€They€got€gas€and€returned€to€the€Williamsšš€trailer.€€HeĻsaid€that€the€women€arrived€about€ten€minutes€later€and€that€Mr.€Williams€told€Ms.ĻJones€to€take€Ms.€Slayton€home.€€He€testified€that€he€has€been€in€the€Macon€CountyĻJail€with€Mr.€Patterson€since€he€turned€himself€œhim€but€that›€he€has€never€said€anythingĻto€him€despite€having€the€opportunity€to€do€so.€€ĢĢą ąOn€cross„examination,€he€admitted€that€he€traveled€frequently€in€order€toĻfind€work.€€He€denied€ever€calling€Mr.€Williams€about€the€victim.€€He€testified€that€Ms.ĻWix€and€Mr.€Meador€were€at€the€trailer€when€Mr.€Williams€grabbed€the€stick€and€hit€theĻvictim€on€the€head.€€He€maintained€that€he€went€outside€and€stopped€the€fightĻbetween€Mr.€Patterson€and€the€victim.€€He€also€stated€that€Ms.€Wix€and€Mr.€Meador€leftĻimmediately€after€the€fight€began.€€He€admitted€that€he€was€convicted€for€making€aĻfalse€statement€on€an€application€for€a€firearm€and€that€he€was€also€convicted€ofĻnumerous€thefts€and€burglaries€and€one€robbery.€€He€stated€that€the€victim€was€aliveĻwhen€they€left€him€on€Dark€Hollow€Road€and€that€he€could€have€tumbled€down€theĶravine.€€He€stated€that€the€prior€convictions€occurred€thirteen€years€ago€and€that€heĻwas€rehabilitated€now.€€He€also€stated€that€Ms.€Wix,€Mr.€Patterson€and€Mr.€WilliamsĻlied€in€their€testimony.€ĢĢą ąOn€redirect„examination,€the€defendant€explained€that€a€friend€of€hisĻactually€committed€the€robbery€and€that€he€took€the€conviction€œin€order€that›€his€wifeĻwould€not€be€charged€with€anything.€€He€stated€that€after€he€had€completed€his€forty„eight€hours,€he€went€back€to€Dark€Hollow€Road€because€he€was€concerned€about€theĻvictim.€€He€stated€that€he€could€not€find€the€victim€and€reiterated€that€the€last€time€heĻsaw€the€victim€he€was€alive.€€On€recross„examination,€he€stated€that€he€assumed€thatĻthe€victim€had€made€it€home€œall€right›€when€he€did€not€find€him€on€Dark€Hollow€Road.ĢĢą ąJennifer€McDonald,€the€custodian€of€records€for€the€Macon€CountyĻGeneral€Sessions€Court,€testified€that€the€defendant€appeared€in€court€for€a€DUIĻcharge€on€January€17,€1992.€€However,€her€records€did€not€indicate€when€he€servedĻhis€forty„eight€hours.€€ĢĢą ąKevin€Gregory€testified€that€he€lives€in€the€house€on€Union€Camp€RoadĻat€the€corner€of€Dark€Hollow€Road.€€He€recalled€that€Mr.€Patterson€came€by€his€homeĻin€February€of€1992€at€around€10:30€p.m.€and€told€him€that€he€had€run€out€of€gas€onĻDark€Hollow€Road.€€He€stated€that€Mr.€Patterson€used€the€phone€but€could€not€locateĶanyone€for€help€so€he€offered€to€take€him€for€gas.€€He€said€that€another€individualĻwhom€Mr.€Patterson€referred€to€as€š šBillyšš€was€also€there€but€he€could€not€make€aĻpositive€identification€of€the€defendant.€€He€said€that€he€took€them€for€gas,€droppedĻthem€off€at€the€truck€and€never€saw€either€one€of€them€again.ĢĢą ąOn€cross„examination,€Mr.€Gregory€testified€that€he€could€not€recall€theĻexact€date€that€Mr.€Patterson€came€by€for€help.€€He€said€that€the€truck€was€far€into€theĻwoods€on€Dark€Hollow€Road,€about€three€quarters€of€a€mile€away€from€his€house.€€HeĻlearned€several€weeks€later€that€a€body€had€been€discovered€in€the€woods€but€heĻnever€made€any€connection€between€the€two€events€because€there€is€a€lot€of€traffic€onĻthe€road.€€He€stated€that€he€was€certain€that€he€helped€Mr.€Patterson€in€February€andĻthat€it€was€probably€between€the€œ15th›€and€the€œ25th›€of€February.€€On€redirect„Ļexamination€he€added€that€the€man€with€Mr.€Patterson€was€not€handicapped€in€anyĻway.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ģ€€€€€€Ģą ąą@ ąņ ņIó óĢą ąThe€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€hisĻconviction€for€second€degree€murder.€€He€argues€that€several€of€the€witnesses€gaveĻinconsistent€testimony€and€that€Mr.€Gregoryššs€testimony€refutes€the€stateššs€proof.€€TheĻstate€responds€that€it€was€the€juryššs€duty€to€resolve€any€inconsistencies€in€theĻtestimony€and€that€it€was€the€juryššs€prerogative€to€disbelieve€Mr.€Gregory.Ģą ąŌ€'ŌĢŌ€)Ōą ąOur€standard€of€review€when€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€isĻquestioned€on€appeal€is€"whether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€mostĻfavorable€to€the€prosecution,€ņņanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essentialĻelements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€ņņJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.Ļ307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979).€€This€means€that€we€may€not€reweigh€theĻevidence,€but€must€presume€that€the€jury€has€resolved€all€conflicts€in€the€testimonyĻand€drawn€all€reasonable€inferences€from€the€evidence€in€favor€of€the€state.€€ņņSeeóóĻņņState€v.€Sheffieldóó,€676€œS.W.2d›€542,€547€(Tenn.€1984);€ņņState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€œS.W.2d›Ļ832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).ĢĢą ąA€conviction€for€second€degree€murder€requires€proof€that€the€defendantĻcommitted€œan€unlawful,€knowing›€killing.€€œT.C.A.›€œšššš›€œ39„13„201(a)€and€„210(a)(1).›€ĻNumerous€witnesses€testified€that€the€defendant€violently€kicked€and€beat€the€victim.€ĻDespite€some€inconsistencies€relative€to€the€sequence€of€events€on€the€night€of€theĻmurder,€œthe›€stateššs€witnessesšš€testimony€was€consistent€œabout€the›€fact€that€theĻdefendant€kicked€and€beat€the€victim.€€Only€the€defendant€testified€that€Mr.€Patterson€Ļbeat€and€kicked€the€victim.€€The€jury€was€entitled€to€disbelieve€the€defendantššsĻtestimony€and€to€resolve€any€other€inconsistencies€in€the€testimony€of€the€stateššsĻwitnesses€in€finding€€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€defendant€knowingly€killedĶthe€victim.€€We€hold€that€there€is€sufficient€evidence€that€the€defendant€committed€theĻoffense€of€second€degree€murder.€€ĢĢą@ ąņ ņIIó óĢą ąThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€allowed€theĻstate€to€recall€Patricia€Wix,€after€she€had€testified€and€been€excused,€for€the€purposeĻof€impeaching€the€testimony€of€Barry€Meador.€€He€argues€that€by€allowing€Ms.€Wix€toĻbe€recalled,€the€trial€court€allowed€her€to€be€presented€as€a€more€credible€witness.€ĻHe€further€argues€that€the€limiting€instruction€relative€to€the€use€of€Ms.€Wixššs€testimonyĻwas€š šinsufficient€to€undo€the€damage€of€placing€this€witness€in€a€superior€position€toĻthe€other€witnesses.šš€€The€defendant€argues€that€the€state€violated€rules€ofĻsequestration€and€that€it€was€obvious€from€her€testimony€that€Ms.€Wix€had€talked€toĻother€witnesses€before€returning€to€the€stand.€€The€state€responds€that€no€rules€ofĻsequestration€were€violated€and€that€recalling€Ms.€Wix€did€not€unfairly€prejudice€theĻdefendant.ĢĢą ąMs.€œWix›€was€recalled€for€the€purpose€of€impeaching€the€testimony€of€Mr.ϜMeador›.€€The€decision€to€recall€an€excused€witness€is€vested€within€the€discretion€ofĻthe€trial€court.€€ņņState€v.€œMcAlister›óó,€751€œS.W.2d›€436,€438€(Tenn.€œCrim›.€œApp›.€1987);€ņņStateĻv.€Johnsonóó,€685€œS.W.2d›€301,€306€(Tenn.€œCrim›.€œApp›.€1984).€€Ms.€œWix›€testified€that€Mr.ϜMeador›€had€contacted€her€and€told€her€not€to€tell€the€authorities€anything€about€theĶevents€on€the€night€of€the€murder.€€She€stated€that€Mr.€œMeador›€was€scared€of€theĻdefendant€and€that€he€had€instructed€her€to€lie.€€Tenn.€R.€œEvid›.€616€permitsĻimpeachment€by€evidence€of€bias€or€prejudice€and€allows€the€impeachment€throughĻboth€cross„examination€and€extrinsic€evidence.€€As€noted€by€the€AdvisoryĻCommission€Comments,€evidence€of€bias€or€prejudice€is€an€important€ground€forĻimpeachment.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņalsoóó,€ņņState€v.€œReid›óó,€882€œS.W.2d›€œ423,€427€(Tenn.›€œCrim›.€œApp›.€1994).€ĻœMs.›€œWix›ššs€testimony€was€relevant€to€impeach€the€credibility€of€Mr.€œMeador›.€€After€sheĻtestified,€the€trial€court€extensively€instructed€the€jury€that€the€purpose€of€her€testimonyĻwas€to€impeach€œMr.›€œMeadorššs€testimony€and›€that€the€jury€should€use€the€testimony€toĻdetermine€the€credibility€of€either€Ms.€œWix›€or€Mr.€Meador.€€The€trial€court€made€it€clearĻthat€Ms.€Wixššs€testimony€was€no€more€important€than€that€of€any€other€witness.€€WeĻconclude€that€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€allowing€Ms.€Wix€to€testifyĻfor€the€purpose€of€impeaching€the€testimony€of€Mr.€Meador.ĢĢą ąRelative€to€the€defendantššs€argument€that€recalling€Ms.€Wix€violated€theĻrule€of€œsequestration€(known€as€the€Rule),›€we€note€that€the€trial€court€overruled€theĻdefendantššs€motion€for€a€mistrial€based€upon€this€contenion,€finding€that€there€was€noĻproof€that€Ms.€Wix€had€discussed€Mr.€Meadorššs€testimony€with€any€other€witnesses€orĻparties.€€œThe€Rule€is€codified€in€Rule€615,€Tenn.›€R.€œEvid.,€which€requires€the€exclusionĻof€witnesses,€including€rebuttal€witnesses,€from€the€courtroom€upon›€the€request€ofĻeither€party.€€The€purpose€is€to€insure€that€a€witness'€testimony€is€not€improperlyĶinfluenced€by€other€evidence€already€presented.€€However,€as€the€AdvisoryĻCommission€Comments€note,€the€trial€court€may€permit€a€witness€to€testify€afterĻhearing€other€testimony€š šif€fair€under€the€circumstances.šš€€In€this€case,€there€is€noĻproof€that€Ms.€Wix€overheard€any€trial€œtestimony,€other€than€her€own,›€or€discussedĻtestimony€with€any€other€parties€or€witnesses.€€The€defendant€has€failed€to€show€thatĻany€violation€of€œthe›€œRule›€occurred€or€that€he€was€prejudiced€by€Ms.€Wix€beingĻrecalled.€€€€€€Ģą@ ąņ ņIIIó óĢą ąThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€œby›€imposing€anĻexcessive€sentence.€€He€argues€that€he€should€not€have€been€classified€as€a€RangeĻIII,€persistent€offender€but€should€have€been€sentenced€as€a€Range€II,€multipleĻoffender€and€that€the€trial€court€failed€to€weigh€properly€the€applicable€enhancing€andĻmitigating€factors€in€determining€the€length€of€his€sentence.€€The€state€concedes€thatĻthe€defendant€should€be€classified€as€a€multiple€offender€but€argues€that€theĻmaximum€sentence€as€a€multiple€offender€of€forty€years€is€still€appropriate.€€€€€€€€€ą ą€Ģ̜›ą ąAppellate€review€of€sentencing€is€ņņdeóó€ņņnovoóó€on€the€record€with€aĻpresumption€that€the€trial€court's€determinations€are€correct.€€T.C.A.€šššš€40„35„401(d)Ļand€„402(d).€€As€the€Sentencing€Commission€Comments€to€these€sections€note,€theĻburden€is€now€on€the€appealing€party€to€show€that€the€sentencing€is€improper.€€ThisĻmeans€that€if€the€trial€court€follows€the€statutory€sentencing€procedure,€makes€findingsĶof€fact€that€are€adequately€supported€by€the€record€and€gives€due€consideration€andĻproper€application€of€the€factors€and€principles€that€are€relevant€to€sentencing€underĻthe€1989€Sentencing€Act,€we€may€not€disturb€the€sentence€even€if€a€different€resultĻwere€preferred.€€ņņState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805€S.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€ĻHowever,€"the€presumption€of€correctness€which€accompanies€the€trial€court's€actionĻis€conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€courtĻconsidered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances."€€ņņStateĻv.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).ĢĢą ąIn€conducting€a€ņņdeóó€ņņnovoóó€review,€we€must€consider€(1)€the€evidence,€ifĻany,€received€at€the€trial€and€sentencing€hearing,€(2)€the€presentence€report,€(3)€theĻprinciples€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives,€(4)€the€natureĻand€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conduct,€(5)€any€mitigating€or€statutoryĻenhancement€factors,€(6)€any€statement€that€the€defendant€made€on€his€own€behalfĻand€(7)€the€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€T.C.A.€šššš€40„35„102,€„103€andĢ„210;€ņņseeóó€ņņAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€168;€ņņState€v.€Mossóó,€727€S.W.2d€229€(Tenn.€1986).Ģą ąĢą ąAs€the€state€concedes,€the€defendant€qualifies€as€a€multiple€offenderĻbecause€he€has€š š[a]€minimum€of€two€(2)€but€not€more€than€four€(4)€prior€felonyĻconvictions€within€the€conviction€class,€a€higher€class,€or€within€the€next€two€(2)€lowerĻfelony€classes€.€.€.€or€one€[1]€Class€A€prior€felony€conviction€if€the€defendantššsĶconviction€offense€is€a€Class€A€or€B€felony.šš€€T.C.A.€šš€40„35„106(a)(1)€and€(2).€€TheĻdefendantššs€œpresent›€offense€is€second€degree€murder,€a€Class€A€felony.€€His€priorĻrecord€consists€of€two€burglaries€of€a€habitation€and€one€robbery,€all€Class€C€felonies.€ĻHis€record€also€reflects€several€theft€and€burglary€of€a€business€œconvictions.›€ĻHowever,€these€convictions€do€not€enter€into€our€consideration€of€the€defendantššsĻoffender€status€because€they€are€either€Class€D€or€E€felonies.€€The€three€Class€CĻfelony€convictions€qualify€the€defendant€as€a€Range€II,€multiple€offender€and€exposeĻhim€to€a€range€of€punishment€of€twenty„five€to€forty€years.€€Initially,€the€defendantĻargues€that€the€trial€court€should€not€have€imposed€the€enhancement€factors€becauseĻthe€state€did€not€file€a€notice€of€enhancement€factors.€€It€is€not€necessary€that€the€stateĻfile€a€notice€of€enhancement€factors€under€T.C.A.€šš€40„35„114€in€order€for€the€trialĻcourt€to€consider€them€at€sentencing.€€The€notice€requirement€of€the€sentencing€actĻapplies€to€the€determination€of€offender€status,€not€sentence€length.€€€€€€€ĢĢą ąThe€trial€court€applied€the€following€enhancement€factors€as€listed€inĻT.C.A.€šš€40„35„114:ĢÓ  ÓÓÓą8 ą(1)€the€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminalĻconvictions€in€addition€to€those€necessary€to€establish€theĻappropriate€range,Ģ€Ģą8 ą(4)€the€victim€was€particularly€vulnerable€due€to€hisĻintoxication€andą8 ąĢĢą8 ą(8)€the€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€unwillingness€toĻcomply€with€conditions€of€a€sentence€involving€release€intoĻthe€community.€Ģą ąą ąĢÓ  ÓÓÓIt€applied€no€mitigating€factors.ą ąĢĢą ąThe€defendant€argues€that€factor€(1)€should€not€œapply›€œbecause›€theĻdefendantššs€prior€record€was€already€considered€in€the€determination€of€his€offenderĻstatus.€€However,€as€stated€previously,€the€defendant€possessed€a€significant€criminalĻhistory€of€burglaries,€thefts€and€one€federal€conviction€relating€to€the€falsification€ofĻinformation€to€obtain€a€firearm€in€addition€to€the€three€Class€C€felonies€considered€inĻestablishing€his€offender€œstatus.€€Specifically,€the€defendantššs€record€reflects€threeĻthird€degree€burglary,€four€theft,€three€public€intoxication,€two€disorderly€conduct,€twoĻdriving€under€the€influence,€one€escape€and€two€contempt€of€court€convictions€inĻArkansas€in€addition€to€the€federal€offense€and€offenses€used€to€determine€hisĻoffender€status.€€Based€upon€this€extensive€history,€factor›€(1)€œweighs€heavily€inĻenhancement€of€the€sentence.›ĢĢą ąThe€defendant€argues€that€factor€(4)€should€not€œapply›€because€theĻvictim,€although€intoxicated,€was€the€aggressor€in€the€altercation.€€Despite€theĻevidence€in€the€record€showing€the€victimššs€aggressive€behavior€toward€others,€theĻrecord€supports€the€application€of€factor€(4)€in€light€of€the€overwhelming€testimony€thatĻthe€victim€was€the€most€intoxicated€of€any€of€œthose›€œpresent›€and€was€having€difficulty͜standing›€up€œat€the›€time€the€defendant€beat€and€kicked€him.€€The€testimony€of€severalĻof€the€witnesses€reflects€that€the€victim€was€essentially€unable€to€defend€himself€dueĻto€his€extreme€state€of€intoxication.€€We€conclude€that€factor€(4)€was€properly€appliedĻin€enhancement,€given€the€victim's€severe€intoxication.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņState€v.€William€RayĻRhodesóó,€No.€œ02C01›„9406„CC„00124,€Henry€Co.€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€July€19,€1995),Ļņņœapp›óó.€ņņdeniedóó€(Tenn.€Nov.€27,€1995).€€€€ĢĢą ąThe€defendant€argues€that€factor€(8)€should€not€œapply›€because€thereĻwas€no€evidence€that€the€defendant€had€ever€violated€the€terms€of€probation€orϜparole.€€On€the€other€hand,›€the€record€reflects€that€the€defendant€was€placed€onĻtwenty„eight€days€probation€for€false€swearing€in€January€of€1979€and€was€arrestedĻseven€days€later€for€disorderly€conduct€and€unlawful€use€of€a€driverššs€license.€€He€wasĻalso€placed€on€nine€months€probation€for€œDUI›€in€June€of€1980€and€in€August€of€1980Ļhe€was€arrested€and€served€fifteen€days€in€jail€for€disorderly€conduct,€criminalĻtrespass€and€œescape.€€However,€as€the€defendant€points€out,€he€successfullyĻcompleted€parole€in€March€1990›€after€serving€six€and€one„half€years€in€the€custody€ofĻthe€Arkansas€Department€of€œCorrections.€€Therefore,€although€we€conclude›€thatœ€the›Ļdefendantššs€prior€record€reflects€some€history€of€unwillingness€to€comply€withĻconditions€of€œrelease,€factor›€(8)€œshould€be€given€little€weight€in€enhancing€hisĻsentence.›€€€€€€€€€€€€ą ąĢą ąĢą ąThe€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€should€have€applied€theĻfollowing€mitigating€factors€as€listed€in€T.C.A.€šš€40„35„113:ĢÓ  ÓÓÓą8 ą(3)€substantial€grounds€exist€tending€to€excuse€theĻdefendantššs€criminal€conduct,€though€failing€to€establish€aĻdefense€and€ĢĢą8 ą(11)€the€defendant,€although€guilty€of€the€crime,€committedĻthe€crime€under€such€unusual€circumstances€that€it€isĻunlikely€that€a€sustained€intent€to€violate€the€law€motivatedĻhis€conduct.ĢĢÓ  ÓÓÓThe€defendant€claims€that€his€intoxication€should€be€considered€as€mitigation€underĻfactor€(3).€€The€evidence€is€inconsistent€œabout›€the€defendantššs€state€of€intoxication€onĻthe€night€of€the€offense.€€The€defendant€œtestified›€that€he€was€not€intoxicated.€ĻFurthermore,€voluntary€intoxication€is€not€generally€considered€as€mitigation.€€ņņSeeóóĻT.C.A.€šš€40„35„113(8).€€The€defendant€argues€in€support€of€factor€(11)€that€theĻevidence€œshows›€that€there€was€no€animosity€or€quarrel€between€him€and€the€victimĻand€that€there€was€no€evidence€of€any€reason€for€his€œconduct.€€However,€given€theĻevidence€in€this€case,€the€defendant's€argument€lends€itself€to€a€higher€degree€ofĻculpability€in€terms€of€his€committing€a€senseless€killing.€€We€conclude€that€the€trialĻcourt€correctly€found€that€no€mitigating€factors€applied.ĢĢą ąIn€consideration€of€our€determinations,€we€conclude€that€the€defendant'sĻhistory€of€criminal€convictions€and€behavior€that€exists€in€addition€to€that€necessary€toĻplace€him€into€Range€II€should€be€given€considerable€weight.€€Likewise,€theĶdefendant's€actions€toward€the€victim,€given€the€victim's€intoxicated€condition,€reflectsĻmalignity,€as€well.€€We€conclude€that€the€record€supports€the€imposition€of€a€thirty„five„year€sentence€upon€the€defendant€as€a€Range€II,€multiple€offender.ĢĢą ąThe€defendant's€conviction€is€affirmed,€but€his€sentence€is€modified€toĻthirty„five€years€as€a€Range€II,€multiple€offender€in€the€custody€of€the€Department€ofĻCorrection.€€€€€€€€€€€ĢĢÓÓą ąą ąą ąą ąą ąņņ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóĢą ąą ąą ąą ąą ąJoseph€M.€Tipton›,€JudgeĢĢĢĢĢCONCUR:ĢĢĢĢņņ€€€€€(not€participating)€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóĢJerry€Scott,€Presiding€JudgeĢĢĢĢĢņņ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóĢDavid€G.€Hayes,€Judge€ĢĢą ąą ąą ą€