ÿWPC 1# ¾UNÉ % 0Æã4ëÿ Bw@+kU@ke« 0J¬ 0Tö 0âJ 0^, 0hŠ Æò 0r¸ 0|* AQ¦ 0D÷ 0†; 0Á 1uQ 0dÆ 0@* D3jU> D/ÛU*  B4B)QDCz AM½¥ v~¯vÓ-˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLHÎ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX(žjÆ$¡¡Ñ` ` ÑÑÜÜÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÓÓäzz!3|xË  d  Dà Ä DÅ [Æ Ç EÈ É Ê Ó€Ë  ɸ·`(ZapfCalligr BTTT2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô(º3ú'$¢¢Ý ƒjÆ!ÝÑ` °ÑÑܰÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓÓÝ  Ý2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 52@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô$(Cþÿ<< Cÿÿ($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò'ÿÿdxd< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman**'÷ÿ dxd< Œ 9p`(ArialüÿP Pd% Line 7 d++++7Border 1dd$,Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ›Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€'ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ"ÝÝ  Ýò òÔ€'ÔÓ  ÓÔ€)ÔÔ eee ÔFILEDÔ€)XÔó óÌò òÔ€)¼ÔÔ"USú ú, úÔÔ ƒ ÔÔ!  Ôó óÔ€)XÔÌÌò òCecilÏCrowson,ÏJr.Ô€ Ôó óÔ  ÔÌÔ€ ÂÔÔ€)ÔÔ eee Ôò òAppellateÏCourtÏClerkó óÔ  ÔÔ€ ÔÔ€ XÔPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€'ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÑ7€†XdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÔ€)Ô›Þ ÞÌà@ àòòIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEóó̜ـÙßR€-.,A1-j|Šmº- `€€@ÿRß›à@ àòòAT€JACKSONóóÌà@ àNOVEMBER€1996€SESSIONÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à*à àC.C.A.€#€02C01„9512„CR„00385€Ìà àà àAppellee,à àà à*à àSHELBY€COUNTYÌVS.à àà àà àà àà à*à àHon.€Chris€Craft,€JudgeÌJAMES€W.€EAVES,à àà àà à*à à(Aggravated€Assault)à àÌà àà àAppellant.à àà à*ÌÌòòFor€Appellant:óóà àà àà àà àòòFor€Appellee:óóÌÓÓWalker€Guinnà àà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌAssistant€Public€Defender€à à€à àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌ201€Poplar€Avenue€€ÌSuite€2„01à àà àà àà àà àSusan€RosenÌMemphis,€TN€€38103à àà àà àCounsel€for€the€State€Ì(on€appeal)à àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493à àÌDavid€Hoglund,€AttorneyÌ165€Madison€Avenue€à àà àà àPatience€Branham€ÌSuite€1813à àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€General€ÌMemphis,€TN€€38103€à àà àà à201€Poplar€Avenue€Ì(at€trial)à àà àà àà àà àThird€FloorÌà àà àà àà àà àà àMemphis,€TN€€38103€ÌOf€Counsel:Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àÌA.C.€Wharton,€Jr.ÌShelby€County€Public€Defender€ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:_____________________ÌÌÌÌÌREVERSED€AND€REMANDEDÌÌÌÌÌGARY€R.€WADE,€JUDGEÇÓÓò òòòÓ  ÓOPINIONóóó óÌÓ  Óà àà àThe€defendant,€James€W.€Eaves,€was€convicted€of€aggravatedÏassault.€€The€trial€court€imposed€a€Range€I,€five„year,€three„month€sentence€to€beÏserved€in€the€workhouse.€€The€sentence€was€ordered€to€be€served€consecutively€toÏprior€sentences€for€aggravated€burglary€and€contempt€of€court.€€A€$5,000.00€fineÏwas€imposed.ÌÌà àà àIn€this€appeal€of€right,€the€defendant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€theÏevidence€and€argues€that€the€trial€court€committed€error€by€warning€a€defenseÏwitness€about€a€possible€perjury€charge.ÌÌà àà àWe€reverse€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€and€remand€for€a€new€trial.€€ÌÌà àà àOn€August€19,€1994,€Marlon€Ward,€a€deputy€jailer€for€Shelby€County,Ïobserved€Mark€Winningham,€a€jail€trusty,€throw€an€object€into€a€cell€occupied€by€theÏdefendant.€€At€trial,€Deputy€Ward€testified€that€he€searched€the€trusty€and€then€wentÏto€the€defendant's€cell€to€determine€what€had€been€thrown;€the€defendant€blockedÏthe€cell€door€and€threatened€to€stick€him€in€the€head€with€a€pen€if€he€tried€to€enter.€ÏDeputy€Ward€recalled€that€he€notified€Sergeant€Joyce€Jones,€his€supervisor,€of€theÏincident€and€returned€to€the€cell€to€escort€the€defendant€to€her€office.€€When€theyÍarrived,€the€defendant,€who€had€his€hands€behind€his€back,€placed€a€writing€penÏinto€his€pocket.€€Deputy€Ward€testified€that€he€took€the€pen€from€the€defendant'sÏpocket€and€began€to€inform€the€sergeant€of€the€details€of€the€incident€when€theÏdefendant€grabbed€the€pen,€charged€the€deputy,€and€"stabbed"€him€in€the€hand.€ÏThe€deputy€said€he€then€grabbed€the€defendant€by€the€hair€and€wrestled€andÏfought€him€to€the€floor.€€When€the€altercation€was€stopped,€Deputy€Ward€had€aÏpuncture€wound€in€his€hand€and€a€knot€on€his€arm€where,€he€claimed,€he€hadÏblocked€other€of€the€defendant's€blows€with€the€pen.€€ÌÌà àà àSergeant€Jones€corroborated€Deputy€Ward's€testimony.€€She€testifiedÏthat€the€defendant€initiated€the€altercation€by€attacking€the€officer€with€the€pen.€€SheÏsaid€they€wrestled€each€other€to€the€floor,€fought,€and€that€the€defendant€threwÏseveral€punches€with€both€hands.€€ÌÌà àà àDeputy€Jailers€Ronnie€Davis€and€Deborah€Burns€also€witnessed€theÏincident.€€Their€testimony€at€trial€corroborated€the€allegations€of€Deputy€Ward.€€Ms.ÏBurns€recalled€that€Deputy€Ward€had€used€his€hand€to€block€the€defendant's€attackÏwith€the€pen.€€€€ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant,€who€testified€that€he€had€a€marketing€degree€and€aÍ$35,000.00€a€year€income€before€losing€his€job€at€Federal€Express€several€yearsÏago,€claimed€that€he€had€been€homeless€prior€to€his€incarceration€and€hadÏexperienced€declining€mental€and€physical€health.€€The€defendant€related€that€heÏhad€been€diagnosed€as€manic„depressive€and€had€been€under€prescriptionÏmedication€while€in€jail.€€He€described€the€behavior€of€Deputy€Ward,€before€theirÏaltercation,€as€abusive:€€"He€did€not€hurt€me,€he€just€would€not€help€me."€€TheÏdefendant€claimed€that€he€had€possession€of€a€cigarette€lighter,€which€had€beenÏdeclared€contraband,€and€that€he€had€loaned€the€lighter€to€curry€favor€among€theÏinmates€who€liked€to€smoke.€€ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€related€that€trusty€Winningham€had€returned€the€lighterÏwhen€Deputy€Ward€intervened,€demanding€"that€thing€that€he€just€gave€you."€€TheÏdefendant€acknowledged€that€he€initially€denied€Deputy€Ward€entry€into€the€cell.€ÏThe€defendant€claimed€that€Deputy€Ward€left€for€a€short€period,€returned,€and,€whileÏ"grabbing€his€[own]€genitals"€in€a€threatening€manner,€backed€the€defendantÏagainst€the€wall€of€the€cell.€€The€defendant€said€Deputy€Ward€"looked€nuts"€so€heÏleft€the€cell€to€look€for€Sergeant€Jones€with€whom€he€"had€a€rapport."€€TheÏdefendant€acknowledged€that€he€had€a€pen€in€his€pocket€and€that€Deputy€WardÏ"snatched€the€pen"€away.€€The€defendant€contended€that€when€he€took€his€penÏback,€Deputy€Ward€attacked€him,€striking€and€kicking€him€and€pulling€his€hair.€€TheÍdefendant€testified€that€he€had€head€lacerations,€for€which€he€received€treatment,€aÏgash€over€his€eye,€and€bruised€hands,€arms,€and€ribs.€€ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€acknowledged€that€he€had€filed€a€civil€suit€forÏdamages€in€the€amount€of€$10€million€and€punitive€damages€in€the€amount€of€$5Ïmillion€over€the€incident.€€He€admitted€that€he€had€at€least€five€misdemeanorÏconvictions€for€theft€between€1990€and€1994.€€He€was€convicted€of€aggravatedÏburglary€in€August€of€1994€and€had€several€other€offenses€for€which€he€had€servedÏjail€time€since€1984.€€The€defendant€claimed€that€he€had€committed€these€crimes€toÏfeed€himself€and€that€none€involved€€violence.€€ÌÌà àà àMark€Winningham,€who€was€serving€a€term€in€jail€for€aggravatedÏassault,€testified€that€he€was€a€trusty€at€the€time€of€this€incident.€€WinninghamÏtestified€that€he€allowed€the€defendant,€who€was€in€protective€custody,€to€keep€hisÏcigarette€lighter.€€Winningham,€who€was€strip„searched€by€Officer€Ward€just€prior€toÏthe€altercation€at€issue,€testified€that€the€officer's€attack€on€the€defendant€wasÏunprovoked.€€He€claimed€that€Officer€Ward€slammed€the€defendant€to€the€groundÏand€struck€and€kicked€him€in€the€face.€€ÌÌà àà àTerry€Williams,€an€African„American€who€was€serving€a€sentence€forÍburglary€at€the€time€of€this€incident,€testified€that€Officer€Ward,€also€African„American,€was€racially€biased€against€whites€and€had€mistreated€the€defendant.€ÏWilliams€claimed€that€Officer€Ward€struck€the€defendant€in€the€face€while€theÏdefendant's€pen€was€still€in€his€pocket.€€He€stated€that€the€defendant,€who€did€notÏfight€back,€was€knocked€to€the€ground€and€was€kicked€by€the€officer.€€He€said€thatÏthe€defendant€called€for€help€but€that€no€one€intervened.€€ÌÌà àà àWilliams€acknowledged€that€he€had€made€inconsistent€statementsÏabout€the€incident;€he€had€first€given€a€deposition€favorable€to€the€defendant€in€hisÏfederal€lawsuit€against€the€officers€and€then€recanted€that€prior€to€this€trial.€€HeÏtestified€that€his€recantation€was€due€to€his€fear€of€Officer€Ward.€€ÌÌà àà àJames€Turner,€who€had€also€been€incarcerated€at€the€jail,€testifiedÏthat€he€had€been€threatened€by€Officer€Ward€who€had€tried€to€prevent€him€fromÏbecoming€a€witness.€€His€testimony€generally€corroborated€the€defense€theory€thatÏDeputy€Ward's€attack€was€entirely€unprovoked.€€Turner€was€cross„examined€aboutÏwhether€he€had€authored€a€letter€to€the€jail€director€which€indicated€a€retreat€in€hisÏsupport€of€the€defense.€€Turner€denied€that€he€had€written€the€letter€which€includedÏa€statement€that€he€had€been€paid€$100.00€to€testify€that€he€had€been€jumped€byÏother€officers.€€When€the€defense€objected€to€a€reading€of€a€portion€of€the€letter€byÍthe€state,€the€trial€court€made€the€following€comment€in€the€presence€of€the€jury:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àWell,€this€witness€is€looking€at€œtwo„to„twelve›€years€in€theÏpenitentiary€for€aggravated€perjury€...€[a]nd€if€he€deniesÏ[writing€the€letter]€and€the€State€can€later€prove€that€wasÏhis€signature,€[he]€can€be€indicted€for€aggravatedÏperjury.€€Do€you€understand€that,€sir?€€Two„to„twelveÏyears€in€the€penitentiary.€€ÌÌà8 àà8 àThe€Witness:€€I€understand€it,€your€Honor.€€ÌÌÓÓWhen€further€questioned,€Turner€continued€to€deny€that€he€had€authored€or€signedÏthe€letter,€insisting€that€his€trial€testimony€was€truthful.€€Turner€then€acknowledgedÏthat€he€had€been€convicted€of€several€crimes€in€the€past€including€theft,€burglary,Ïand€attempted€robbery.€€ÌÌà àà àWillie€Hickman,€medical€technician€at€the€jail,€testified€that€theÏdefendant€had€psychiatric€problems€which€required€medication.€€Hickman€treatedÏthe€defendant€for€two€head€lacerations€about€one€inch€in€diameter€after€theÏaltercation€with€Officer€Ward.€€The€defendant€did€require€some€sutures.€ÌÌà àà àInitially,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€toÏsupport€only€a€conviction€for€simple€assault,€not€one€for€aggravated€assault.€€TheÏdefendant€concedes€that€the€proof€established€he€used€a€weapon€but€argues€thatÏthe€pen€was€neither€"deadly"€nor€"potent."€€He€contends€that€the€trial€judge,€inÍupholding€the€verdict€for€aggravated€assault,€had€no€basis€to€rule€that€the€penÏqualified€as€"capable€of€causing€death€or€serious€bodily€injury."€€ÌÌœà àà àOn€appeal,€the€state€is€€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€theÏevidence€and€all€reasonable€inferences€which€might€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.ÏCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832€(Tenn.€1978).€€The€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€theÏweight€given€their€testimony,€and€the€reconciliation€of€conflicts€in€the€proof€areÏmatters€entrusted€exclusively€to€the€jury€as€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòByrge€v.€Stateóó,€575ÏS.W.2d€292,€295€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€In€a€criminal€action,€a€conviction€may€beÏset€aside€only€when€the€reviewing€court€finds€that€the€"evidence€is€insufficient€toÏsupport€the€finding€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€Tenn.€R.ÏApp.€P.€13(e).€€A€jury€verdict,€approved€by€the€trial€judge,€accredits€the€witnesses€forÏthe€state€and€resolves€any€conflicts€in€the€testimony€favorably€for€the€state.€€òòState€v.ÏHatchettóó,€560€S.W.2d€627€(Tenn.€1978).€€ÌÌà àà àThe›€statute€provides€that€"[a]€person€commits€an€assault€who€...Ï[i]ntentionally,€knowingly,€or€recklessly€causes€bodily€injury€to€another...."€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€39„13„101(a)(1).€€The€assault€is€aggravated,€a€Class€C€felony,€whenÏaccompanied€by€either€"serious€bodily€injury"€or€the€use€or€display€of€"a€deadlyÏweapon."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„102(a)(1).€€ÌÌà àà àThe€indictment€alleges€that€the€assault€was€aggravated€due€to€the€useÏof€a€deadly€weapon.€€A€deadly€weapon€includes€in€its€statutory€definition€"[a]nythingÏthat€in€the€manner€of€its€use€or€intended€use€is€capable€of€causing€death€or€seriousÏbodily€injury."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(5)(B).€€The€term€"serious€bodily€injury"Ïinvolves€a€"substantial€risk€of€death;€[p]rotracted€unconsciousness;€[e]xtremeÏphysical€pain;€[p]rotracted€or€obvious€disfigurement;€or€[p]rotracted€loss€orÏsubstantial€impairment€of€a€function€of€œa›€bodily€member,€organ,€or€mental€faculty."€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(33).€€ÌÌà àà àThe€theory€of€the€state,€that€the€defendant€initiated€the€altercation€byÏstabbing€a€pen€in€a€downward€motion€towards€Deputy€Ward's€head,€was€supportedÏby€proof.€€The€force€of€the€defendant's€assault€was€sufficient€to€cause€a€punctureÏwound€to€the€hand€as€the€deputy€attempted€to€ward€off€the€blow.€€A€hard€plastic€BICÏor€Papermate€pen,€as€the€object€was€described€by€the€witnesses,€is€capable,€in€ourÏview,€of€causing€either€"extreme€pain"€or€"obvious€disfigurement."€€Had€the€victimÏbeen€struck€in€the€eye,€the€seriousness€of€the€risk€is€apparent.€€Objects€other€thanÏtraditional€weapons€may,€depending€on€their€use,€be€deadly.€€òòE.góó.,€òòState€v.€Tateóó,Ï912€S.W.2d€785€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€The€pen,€in€this€case,€was€used€in€suchÏa€manner.€€A€pillow,€a€sock,€telephone€wire,€œa€hairbrush,›€and€œa€long„handled›Íflashlight€have€all€been€held€to€constitute€deadly€weapons€because€of€the€mannerÏin€which€they€were€used.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Jerry€B.€Crowóó,€No.€01C01„9310„CR„00348Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Nashville,€May€11,€1995);€òòState€v.€James€E.€Winstonóó,€No.Ï01C01„9302„CR„00069€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Nashville,€July€28,€1994);€òòState€v.ÏBilly€Ratcliffeóó,€No.€01C01„9103„CC„00068€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Nashville,€MarchÏ26,€1992).€€Thus,€we€hold€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€support€the€convictionÏfor€aggravated€assault.ÌÌà àà àNext,€the€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€judge€should€not€haveÏwarned€the€defense€witness,€James€Turner,€of€the€potential€for€an€aggravatedÏperjury€charge€in€the€presence€of€the€jury.€€Defense€counsel€failed€to€make€aÏcontemporaneous€objection;€the€state€insists€that€omission€constitutes€a€waiver€ofÏthe€issue€for€appellate€purposes€even€though€the€issue€was€raised€in€the€motion€forÏnew€trial.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(a);€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€733€S.W.2d€517€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1987).€€It€also€contends€that€the€error€was€harmless.€€The€state€makes€a€credibleÏargument€that€the€admonition€was€merely€a€legitimate€attempt€on€the€part€of€the€trialÏcourt€to€warn€an€already€incarcerated€witness€of€possible,€further€jeopardy.€€€ÌÌà àà àWe€are€persuaded,€however,€that€the€trial€court€should€not€have€madeÏthe€statement€in€the€presence€of€the€jury.€€In€the€context€of€the€trial€and€particularlyÍbecause€defense€witnesses€had€made€inconsistent€statements€about€the€incidentÏand€had€recanted€their€earlier€pronouncements€which€would€have€favored€theÏstate's€version€of€events,€the€error€may€not€have€had€any€effect€on€the€trial.€€ThisÏview€is€buttressed€by€a€subsequent,€somewhat€curative€charge:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àà àAt€times€during€the€trial,€I€have€ruled€upon€theÏadmissibility€of€evidence.€€You€must€not€concern€yourselfÏwith€these€rulings.€€Neither€by€such€rulings,€theseÏinstructions,€nor€any€other€remark€which€I€have€œmade,›€doÏI€mean€to€indicate€any€opinion€as€to€the€facts€or€...€toÏwhat€your€verdict€should€be.ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àYet€errors€which€affect€the€fairness€and€the€integrity€of€the€trial€shouldÏbe€rectified€even€when€the€defense€fails€to€make€a€contemporaneous€objection€orÏfails€to€include€the€issue€in€his€motion€for€new€trial.€€òòState€v.€Woodenóó,€658€S.W.2dÏ553,€559€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1983).€€An€error€which€has€affected€"the€substantialÏrights€of€an€accused€may€be€noticed€at€any€time...."€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€€52(b).€€A€Ï"substantial€right"€is€one€of€fundamental€proportions€and€is€constitutional€in€nature.€ÏòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Goinsóó,€705€S.W.2d€648€(Tenn.€1986);€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€693€S.W.2d€369Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1985).€€An€error€that€prejudices€the€judicial€process,€striking€atÏthe€"fundamental€fairness,€honesty,€or€public€reputation€of€the€trial"€always€warrantsÏsome€€measure€of€relief.€€òòUnited€States€v.€Causeyóó,€834€F.2d€1277€(6th€Cir.€1987);Ïòòseeóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(b).€ÌÌà àà àRemarks€by€the€trial€judge€as€to€his€opinion€on€the€credibility€or€lackÏthereof€œhave›€been€held€to€be€plain€error.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Suttlesóó,€767€S.W.2d€403,Ï406€(Tenn.€1989).€€Comments€upon€the€evidence€are€prohibited€by€our€stateÏconstitution.€€Tenn.€Const.€art€VI,€ðð€9.€€ÌÌà àà àThe€Tennessee€Constitution€prohibits€judges€from€any€comment€"withÏrespect€to€matters€of€œfact...."›œ€€òòIdóó.›€€The€aims€of€€this€provision€are€to€guarantee€theÏreliability€of€an€impartial€judge€and€to€preserve€for€the€jury€the€resolution€of€theÏfacts.€€òòLeighton€v.€Hendersonóó,€414€S.W.2d€419€(Tenn.€1967);€òòSasser€v.€AverittÏExpress,€Inc.óó,€839€S.W.2d€422€(Tenn.€App.€1992).€€A€trial€judge€is€obligated€to€"beÏvery€careful€not€to€give€the€jury€any€impression€as€to€his€feelings€or€to€make€anyÏstatement€which€might€reflect€upon€the€weight€or€credibility€of€evidence€or€whichÏmight€sway€the€jury."€€òòSuttlesóó,€767€S.W.2d€at€407.€€"It€is€natural€that€jurors€should€beÏanxious€to€know€the€mind€of€the€court,€and€follow€it.€€Therefore,€a€court€cannot€beÏtoo€cautious€in€his€inquiries."€€òòMcDonald€v.€Stateóó,€14€S.W.€487,€488€(Tenn.€1890).€ÏWhile€the€trial€court€had€good€cause€based€upon€the€inconsistencies€of€the€variousÏstatements€by€defense€witnesses€to€warn€of€potential€perjury€charges,€thoseÏadmonitions€should€have€been€made€outside€of€the€jury's€presence€in€order€toÏpreserve€the€integrity€of€the€trial.€€While€the€warnings€appear€to€have€been€borne€ofÍgood€intentions,€their€content€and€timing€implicitly€questioned€the€credibility€ofÏwitness€James€Turner.€€ÌÌà àà àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€conviction€is€reversed€and€the€cause€isÏremanded€for€a€new€trial.€€ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à__________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àGary€R.€Wade,€JudgeÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌDavid€G.€Hayes,€Judge€ÌÌÌ_______________________________ÌÓÓWilliam€M.€Barker,€Judge€Ì