ÿWPCØ …# VUNa %¯ 0(µ4Ýñ 0ˆ bˆ  w@˜ 0DØ  0J 0Tf 0^º 0h 0r€ 0|ò 0†n 0ô 1u„ 0dù B]U>zU *¸ D3âB)DC> 0@ AMÁ)'’Pv~âvÓ` AO3Æ‚ 0DH D/Œ B»˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 (ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡©U! @ d3|xX(8(2R$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ4°ÒÒ„°Òà Œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó- ù- DEFGHIJDKDLMÓ€(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial$$$$'ÿÿdxd% Line 7 d++++7Border 1dd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-,Cþÿ << Gÿÿ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€(ÔÝ  ÝÔ€)ÔÔ€)ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€)XÔÌÌò òOctober€4,€1996ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€)ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€(ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ 4 ÒÒ „ Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€)ÔÔ€)ôÔWe€note€that€the€state€sought€the€death€penalty€as€to€appellant€McCulley.€€Ì ˆÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€(ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ 4 ÒÒ „ Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€)ÔÔ€)ôÔChip€Bryant€later€testified€that€he€conducted€two€voice€tests€of€Appellant€Ensley€onÏJanuary€5,€1994,€for€the€purpose€of€comparing€Ensleyððs€voice€with€that€of€the€voice€on€theÏpreviously€mentioned€911€tape.€€Appellant€Ensley€denied€that€she€made€the€911€call;€however,€aÏwitness€testified€that€she€recognized€the€tape€as€Ensleyððs€voice.€€Ensley€also€later€admitted€thatÏshe€made€the€call.ÌÔ€(ÔÔ€(XÔPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Geneva ÒÒ  BA Op Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€(ÔÝ  ÝÒ 4 ÒÒ „ ÒÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€)ԛр ÑÑ7€Ö5XXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  Ñà àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINALÏAPPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÙ€€ÙÓ  ÓœßL€./,;+'h|` Å `€€Lß›ÌÓ  ÓAT€KNOXVILLEÌÓ  ÓÌÓ  ÓÓ` °†Xp”XÓà àà àà àMARCH€1996€SESSIONó óÌÓ  ÓÌÌÌà àÓ ` ®DÓò òÌÓ` cÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àó ó)€ÌÓ ` ¸ cÓà àà à)€C.C.A.€Nos.€03C01„9506„CR„00165Ïà àAppellee,à à)€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€„00166Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€€€à à)€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà à)€Bradley€CountyÌV.€€€€€€€à à)Ìà àà à)€Hon.€Mayo€L.€Mashburn,€JudgeÌò òà àó óà à)ò òÌELLA€ENSLEY€andó óà à)€(First€Degree€Murder;€Attempted€SecondÌò òJAMES€SCOTT€MCCULLEYó óà à)€Degree€Murder)€€€€€€€€€€€€à àà à)Ìà àAppellants.à à)ÌÌÌÌÓ` ÓFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌENSLEY:ÌÌCharles€M.€Corn€€à àCharles€W.€BursonÌDistrict€Public€Defender€€à àAttorney€General€&€Reporter€ÌÌA.€Wayne€œCarter€and›à àJerry€L.€Smith€€ÌœMack€McCoin€€€€€€€€€€›à àDeputy€Attorney€General€(former)ÌœAsst.€Public€Defender›à àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌœP.O.€Box€1453€€€€€€€€€€€€€€›à à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌœCleveland,€TN€37364„1476›à àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANTà àJerry€N.€EstesÌMCCULLEY:à àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌConrad€Finnellà àRebble€JohnsonÌP.O.€Box€1476à àAsst.€Dist.€Attorney€GeneralÌCleveland,€TN€€€37364„1476à àP.O.€Box€1351€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àCleveland,€TN€€€37364„1351ÌœWilliam€W.€Reedy›ÌœP.O.€Box€628›ÌœAthens,€TN€37371„0628›ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€___________________ÌÌÌò òAFFIRMEDÌó óÌÌò òPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,ó óÌJudgeÌÌÌÌÔ  Ôà@ àò òO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óÌà àÌÑ  ÑÌÓ ` °§XÓÓÓà àAt€a€joint€trial,€the€appellants,€Ella€Ensley€and€James€Scott€McCulley,Ïwere€each€convicted€of€two€counts€of€first€degree€murder.€€Appellant€McCulleyÏwas€also€convicted€of€two€counts€of€attempted€second€degree€murder.€€EnsleyÏreceived€two€consecutive€life€sentences.€€McCulley€was€sentenced€to€lifeÏwithout€parole€in€the€first€degree€murder€convictions€and€to€consecutive€thirty„year€sentences€in€the€attempted€second€degree€murder€convictions.× ƒ0 ××  ×€€FromÏthese€convictions€and€sentences€both€appeal.ÌÌà àAppellant€Ensley€argues€that:ÌÓÓÌà8 àà8 à1.à àHer€case€should€not€have€been€consolidatedÏà àwith€the€case€of€appellant€McCulley;ÌÌà8 àà8 à2.à0 àThe€trial€court€erred€when€it€allowed€intoÏevidence€her€statement€made€to€DeputyÏDavis;ÌÌà8 àà8 à3.à0 àThe€trial€court€should€have€dismissed€the€caseÏagainst€her€because€the€state€failed€to€proveÏthe€allegations€contained€in€the€bill€ofÏparticulars;ÌÌà8 àà8 à4.à0 àThe€evidence€was€insufficient€to€support€theÏverdict;ÌÌà8 àà8 à5.à0 àThe€trial€court€erred€in€ordering€twoÏconsecutive€life€sentences.ÌÌÌÓÓà àAppellant€McCulley€claims€that€the€trial€court€erred€in:€€(1)€overruling€hisÏmotion€to€suppress€the€evidence€found€in€a€Crown€Royal€whiskey€bag;€and€(2)Ïordering€consecutive€sentences.€€Following€our€review,€we€affirm€theÏconvictions€and€sentences€of€both€appellants.ÌÌÌÌÌà@ àò òFACTSó óÌà àThe€testimony€at€trial€revealed€that€on€the€evening€of€December€28,Ï1993,€a€woman€phoned€the€Cleveland,€Tennessee€911€department.œ× ƒ1 ××  ×›€€She€toldÏthe€operator€that€there€was€a€dead€man€in€Park€Terrace€Apartment€number€94.€ÏOfficers€Barry€Tharpe€and€Craig€Hamilton€responded€to€the€call.€€As€they€startedÍup€the€flight€of€stairs€leading€to€the€apartment,€they€smelled€a€strong€odor.€ÏWhen€Officer€Tharpe€received€no€response€from€his€knocking,€he€opened€theÏdoor€which€was€slightly€ajar.€€He€saw€two€bodies€which€appeared€to€have€beenÏdead€for€several€days.€€The€officers€closed€the€door€and€secured€the€premises.ÌÌà àDetective€Tony€Alvarez€of€the€major€crimes€unit€arrived€on€the€scene.€ÏAlvarez€found€two€bodies€in€the€living€room.€€A€female€was€sitting€on€the€couchÏwhile€a€male€was€slumped€over€in€the€floor€in€front€of€the€couch.€€InvestigatorsÏdetermined€that€the€bodies€had€been€there€from€two€to€seven€days.€€The€maleÏvictim€had€been€shot€twice€in€the€head.€€The€female€had€a€gunshot€wound€to€herÏchest€and€three€to€her€head.€€Shell€casings€from€a€.25€caliber€automatic€wereÏfound€on€the€floor€near€the€bodies.€€The€investigators€determined€that€all€theÏshots€had€been€fired€at€close€range.€€The€television€had€not€been€turned€off,€andÏthe€entertainment€center€had€been€ransacked.€€A€partially€eaten€turkey€was€stillÏin€the€oven€and€a€pie€was€on€the€counter.€€Further€investigation€revealed€thatÏthe€bedroom€drawers€had€been€ransacked.ÌÌà àThe€victims€were€identified€as€Randall€Ensley€and€Diane€McKheen.€ÏVictim€Ensley€was€the€ex„husband€of€the€appellant€Ensley€and€Ms.€McKheenÏwas€Randall€Ensleyððs€fianc.€€Appellant€Ensley€and€her€boyfriend,€appellantÏMcCulley€became€suspects€early€into€the€hours€of€the€following€morning.€€AfterÏtalking€with€state€witnesses,€Deputy€Chief€Anthony€Benefield€drove€past€aÏhouse€belonging€to€the€Jefferys€where€he€had€been€told€he€might€find€theÍappellants.€€Benefield€assumed€they€were€awake€when€he€saw€lights€on€andÏœmovement›€throughout€the€home.€€He€called€for€Captain€Bryant€to€meet€him€atÏthe€Jeffery€residence€for€the€purpose€of€questioning€McCulley.€€ShortlyÏthereafter,€Bryant€and€Officers€Ken€Poteet,€Phil€Matthews€and€Mike€BoggessÏarrived€at€the€house.€€ÌÌà àThe€five€officers€approached€the€front€porch€of€the€Jefferys'€residenceÏwhere€they€were€met€by€Mr.€Jeffery.€€Benefield€asked€Jeffery€if€either€appellantÏwas€inside€the€house.€€Mr.€Jeffery€said€they€were€not€and€asked€Benefield€if€heÏhad€a€warrant.€€Benefield€responded€that€they€did€not.€€When€Ms.€Jeffery€cameÏto€the€door,€Benefield€asked€her€if€the€appellants€were€inside€to€which€sheÏreplied,€ð ðNo,€come€on€and€look.ðð€€When€Officer€Bryant€pushed€open€a€bedroomÏdoor,€McCulley€jumped€out€the€back€window.€€The€officers€pursued€McCulleyÏwho€œbegan›€firing€upon€them.€€The€officers€returned€fire,€wounding€McCulley.€ÏMcCulley€threw€or€dropped€a€Crown€Royal€whiskey€bag€which€was€retrieved€byÏBenefield€and€secured€in€the€trunk€of€his€car.€€The€bag€contained€a€knife,Ïmoney,€and€a€ring€later€determined€to€belong€to€one€of€the€victims.€€ÌÌà àMcCulley€was€taken€to€the€hospital.€€T.J.€Jordan,€a€TBI€special€agent,Ïinterviewed€McCulley€at€the€hospital.€€When€asked€what€happened,€McCulleyÏsaid€that€the€police€had€shot€him€because€he€had€shot€at€them.€€Agent€BrooksÏWilkins,€also€an€investigator€with€the€TBI,€spoke€with€McCulley€at€the€hospital€onÏJanuary€4.€€Before€the€discussion€began,€Agent€Brooks€read€McCulley€hisÍrights.€€In€a€sworn€statement,€McCulley€gave€his€version€of€the€police€shootoutÏand€described€his€activities€on€the€days€surrounding€the€murders.€€McCulleyÏsaid€he€could€not€remember€what€he€did€on€Christmas€day.€€On€ChristmasÏevening,€he€and€Ensley€got€a€room€at€the€Diplomat€Motel.€€He€said€he€andÏEnsley€were€together€the€entire€night.€€McCulley€added€that€initially€he€did€notÏget€along€with€the€victim,€Randall€Ensley;€but€that€soon€thereafter€EnsleyÏaccepted€McCulleyððs€relationship€with€appellant€Ensley.€€McCulley€said€he€hadÏnever€been€to€Randall€Ensleyððs€home.€€ÌÌà àFollowing€his€meeting€with€McCulley,€Agent€Jordan€interviewed€Ensley,Ïwho€had€been€taken€into€custody€for€questioning,€at€the€Bradley€CountyÏSheriffððs€Office.€€Prior€to€Jordanððs€arrival,€Ensley€was€placed€in€the€interviewÏroom€where€she€was€accompanied€by€Deputy€Darlene€Davis.€€Though€DavisÏwas€merely€a€custodian€of€Ensley,€Ensley€began€to€talk€to€her.€€Ensley€toldÏDavis€that€she€would€always€love€Randall€Ensley.€€She€also€said,€ð ðwe€went€...€byÏthe€apartment€...€and€his€van€...€was€there.ðð€€The€appellants€were€not€chargedÏwith€the€murders€until€January€11,€1994.€€Appellant€McCulley€was€also€chargedÏwith€attempted€first€degree€murder€for€his€conduct€surrounding€the€policeÏshootout.€€ÌÌà àA€number€of€other€witnesses€testified€as€to€various€statements€theÏappellants€had€made€prior€to€and€following€the€murders.€€Lisa€Brown,€appellantÏEnsleyððs€daughter€and€stepdaughter€of€the€victim,€Randall€Ensley,€said€thatÍMcCulley€was€jealous€of€her€stepfather.€€She€said€that€her€grandfather€hadÏasked€her€to€call€the€company€where€her€stepfather€worked€and€ask€for€theÏidentity€of€the€beneficiary€on€his€life€insurance€policy.€€Randall€Ensley€hadÏspoken€of€the€policy€and€whether€his€father€or€his€child€should€be€listed€as€theÏbeneficiary.€€However,€Randall€Ensley's€employer€indicated€that€RandallÏEnsleyððs€father€was€the€named€beneficiary.€€Brown€explained€that€on€ChristmasÏday,€she,€her€two€small€children,€Randall€Ensley's€father€and€Ms.€McKheenððsÏfather€had€gone€to€the€victimsðð€apartment€for€Christmas€dinner.€€After€dinner,ÏEnsley€and€McKheen€had€driven€the€family€members€back€home€in€their€van.€ÏAs€soon€as€they€arrived€home,€appellant€Ensley€simultaneously€arrived.ÌÌà àBrown€further€testified€that€after€the€shootout€at€the€Jeffery€residence,€Ms.ÏJeffery€brought€her€a€jacket€belonging€to€appellant€Ensley.€€Inside€the€jacket€sheÏfound€three€rings:€€a€black€onyx€ring,€an€engagement€ring,€and€a€pinkie€ring.€ÏLinda€Carol€Price,€McKheenððs€sister,€later€testified€that€McKheen€owned€a€blackÏonyx€ring€and€a€diamond€cluster€ring.€€Brown€gave€these€rings€to€her€uncle,ÏGeorge€Eady.€€She€said€that€one€of€the€rings€looked€like€Diane€McKheenððs€ring.€€ÌÌà àJessie€Jeffery,€owner€of€the€home€where€the€shootout€occurred,€testifiedÏthat€appellant€McCulley€told€him€of€the€shootings€on€December€26.€€McCulleyÏtold€Jeffery€that€he€and€Randall€Ensley€were€talking€that€night.€€When€EnsleyÏbent€over€to€sip€on€some€tea,€McCulley€shot€him.€€When€Diane€McKheenÏappeared€from€the€other€room,€McCulley€shot€her,€too.€€Jeffery€added€thatÍMcCulley€said€that€after€he€shot€Ensley,€McKheen€pleaded€with€him€not€to€shootÏher.€€McCulley€told€Jeffery€that€he€threw€the€murder€weapon€into€Watts€Bar.€ÏAppellant€McCulley€also€said€that€he€returned€to€the€scene€of€the€murders€twoÏor€three€times€to€make€it€look€like€a€robbery.€€He€told€Jeffery€that€he€knew€thereÏwere€some€guns€and€money€in€the€apartment.€€€€€€ÌÌà àAppellant€Ensley€testified€on€her€own€behalf.€€Ensley€said€that€about€4:00Ïp.m.€on€Christmas€day,€Randall€Ensley€and€Diane€McKheen€came€to€her€houseÏto€pick€up€the€children.€€Appellant€Ensley€took€a€shower€and€rented€a€room€atÏthe€Diplomat€Motel€for€some€ð ðpeace€and€quiet€and€privacy.ðð€€On€cross„examination,€Appellant€Ensley€said€she€had€not€planned€an€evening€withÏMcCulley€even€though€she€had€registered€at€the€Diplomat€Motel€for€two€people.€ÏLater,€Ensley€and€McCulley€stayed€at€the€motel€for€a€short€time€before€she€wentÏback€to€her€house.€€Randall€Ensley€was€unloading€the€children€as€she€arrived€atÏapproximately€9:00€p.m.€€Appellant€Ensley€said€she€stayed€at€the€house€forÏabout€an€hour€and€went€back€to€the€motel.€€ÌÌà àAppellant€Ensley€said€that€McCulley€left€the€motel€room€to€purchase€beerÏat€which€time€she€called€Randall€Ensleyððs€father€to€wish€him€a€ð ðMerryÏChristmas.ðð€€Ensley€said€that€McCulley€was€gone€about€thirty€minutes.€€Upon€hisÏreturn,€McCulley€drove€Ensley€to€Athens,€Tennessee€to€visit€Dean€Stafford,ÏMcCulleyððs€aunt.€€After€an€hour€visit,€they€returned€to€the€motel€room.ÌÌà àAppellant€Ensley€described€her€relationship€with€Randall€Ensley€asÏð ðokay.ðð€€She€said€that€although€she€had€initially€been€upset€about€RandallððsÏrelationship€with€McKheen,€she€was€no€longer€disturbed€by€it.€€Ensley€admittedÏthat€she€made€the€911€call€because€McCulley€had€told€her€he€had€killedÏRandall€Ensley.€€Ensley€said€her€first€knowledge€of€the€murder€came€at€theÏJeffery€residence€when€McCulley€was€drinking.€€He€told€her,€ð ðI€done€(sic)Ïsomething€bad,ðð€ð ðI€killed€Randy.ðð€€When€asked€about€the€rings€found€in€herÏjacket,€which€had€been€left€at€the€Jeffery€residence,€appellant€Ensley€respondedÏthat€they€had€been€given€to€her€by€McCulley€before€he€told€her€about€theÏshootings.€€ÌÌà àMcKheenððs€sister,€Linda€Carol€Price,€said€that€she€spoke€with€the€victimÏMcKheen€on€Christmas€eve€about€appellant€Ensley.€€Price€indicated€thatÏMcKheen€had€told€her€that€appellant€Ensley€had€been€threatening€andÏharassing€her.€€McKheen€called€Ensley€a€ð ðbitch.ðð€€Apparently,€McKheen€hadÏeven€told€appellant€Ensley€where€she€lived€and€that€if€she€was€going€to€doÏsomething€ð ðcome€and€do€it.ðð€€ÌÌà àJoe€Mantooth,€who€worked€with€Randall€Ensley€for€eight€years,€said€thatÏhe€knew€of€occasions€when€Randall€gave€appellant€Ensley€money€after€theÏdivorce.€€On€one€occasion,€Mantooth€loaned€Randall€the€money€to€buyÏappellant€Ensley€a€car€when€she€wrecked€hers.€€Two€weeks€beforeÏThanksgiving€1993,€Randall€Ensley€told€Mantooth€that€he€had€begun€datingÍDiane€McKheen.€€When€Mantooth€asked€Randall,€ð ðWhat€about€Ella?ðð€RandallÏreplied,€ð ðTo€hell€with€the€bitch.ðð€€ÌÌà àFrank€Harmon,€another€co„worker€and€friend€of€Randall€Ensley,€said,€in€Ïdiscussions€about€appellant€McCulley,€that€Ensley€had€told€him€he€hated€theÏð ðS.O.B.ðð€€One€night€Harmon€drove€Ensley€home€to€Park€Terrace.€€Ensley€toldÏhim€he€did€not€want€anyone€to€know€where€he€lived.€€Ensley€also€said€justÏbefore€Thanksgiving€that€before€ð ðitðð€was€over,€one€of€them€[Ensley€or€McCulley]Ïwould€be€dead.€€€€€€€€€ÌÌà àWalter€Eady,€appellant€Ensleyððs€brother,œ€had›€a€conversation€with€RandallÏEnsley€about€additional€life€insurance€approximately€four€months€beforeÏChristmas.€€Randall€was€inquiring€as€to€whether€he€should€list€appellant€EnsleyÏor€the€children€as€beneficiaries.€€Eady€suggested€that€he€put€it€in€the€childrenððsÏnames.€€On€cross„examination,€Eady€admitted€that€maybe€he€had€made€aÏstatement€to€Lisa€Brown,€appellant€Ensleyððs€daughter,€that€if€she€ever€got€anyÏmoney€to€remember€him.€€ÌÌà àBrenda€Eady,€appellant€Ensleyððs€sister„in„law,€testified€that€about€twoÏmonths€before€Christmas,€appellant€McCulley€told€her€that€he€was€planning€toÏkill€Randall€Ensley€for€the€insurance€policy.€€He€told€her€that€he€would€wait€aÏcouple€of€months,€however,€for€the€insurance€policy€to€go€into€effect.€ÌÌà àShelia€Jeffery,€appellant€McCulleyððs€cousin,€spoke€of€a€conversation€sheÏhad€with€appellant€Ensley.€€During€that€discussion,€Ensley€said€that€Randall€hadÏadopted€appellant€Ensleyððs€son,€Michael,€and€that€Michael€was€Randallððs€onlyÏheir.€€As€such,€everything€he€owned€was€in€Michaelððs€name€if€anythingÏhappened€to€him.€€This€included€an€insurance€policy.€€Jeffery€also€spoke€byÏtelephone€with€McCulley€on€Christmas€night€at€approximately€9:00€p.m.€€SheÏsaid€he€phoned€from€a€room€at€the€Diplomat€Motel€and€wanted€Jeffery€and€herÏhusband€to€take€McCulley€and€Ensley€to€Athens.€€Jeffery€thought€she€heardÏappellant€Ensley€in€the€background€during€the€conversation.€€When€Jeffery€saidÏthey€would€not€drive€the€two€to€Athens,€McCulley€phoned€again€approximatelyÏan€hour€later€with€the€same€request.€€After€Christmas,€but€before€the€later€policeÏshootout€at€the€Jeffery's€residence,€appellant€Ensley€told€Jeffery€that€she€threwÏa€gun€off€the€58€Bridge€because€it€had€her€fingerprints€all€over€it.€€AppellantÏEnsley€said€she€hoped€it€[the€gun]€was€not€found.€€Jeffery€also€had€aÏconversation€with€McCulley€after€Christmas€during€which€he€said€he€had€doneÏsomething€bad€and€that€they€would€know€it€when€they€saw€the€news.€€About€twoÏdays€before€the€shootout,€McCulley€said€that€he€was€not€going€to€jail.€€After€theÏshootout,€Jeffery€took€appellant€Ensleyððs€jacket€to€Ensleyððs€daughter.€€Finally,ÏJeffery€told€of€an€occasion€when€appellant€Ensley€was€in€her€home.€€Ensley€hadÏJeffery€telephone€Diane€McKheen€and€call€her€a€bitch.€€ÌÌà à€€€€Michael€Ensley,€appellant€Ensleyððs€son,€testified€that€betweenÏThanksgiving€and€Christmas€of€1993,€he€overheard€a€conversation€betweenÍEnsley€and€McCulley€in€which€McCulley€said,€ð ðIððm€gonna€kill€Randy.ðð€€Michael,ÏLisa€Brown,€and€Johnny€Atkins€were€present€when€Sheila€Jeffery€broughtÏEnsleyððs€jacket€to€them.€€They€went€through€the€jacket€pockets€and€found€a€pillÏbottle€containing€a€black€onyx€ring,€a€gold€pinkie€ring€and€a€diamond€clusterÏring€which€Lisa€Brown€took.€€They€also€found€a€knife€which€Johnny€Atkins€took.€ÏOn€cross„examination,€Michael€replied€that€McCulley€was€the€dominant€one€inÏthe€relationship€with€appellant€Ensley.€€ÌÌà àJohnny€Atkins,€Lisa€Brownððs€boyfriend,€testified€that€about€two€weeksÏbefore€Christmas,€appellant€Ensley€told€him€that€ð ðone€day€Iððll€be€wearingÏDianeððs€rings.ðð€€€Ensley€warned€Atkins€that€if€he€told€anyone€what€she€had€saidÏshe€would€know€who€told.€€Atkins€was€also€present€when€Jeffery€broughtÏEnsleyððs€jacket€to€them.€€Atkins€said€that€Chris€gave€him€the€knife€that€was€in€theÏpocket€of€the€jacket.ÌÌà àLynn€Hamilton,€McCulleyððs€cousin,€had€a€conversation€with€McCulleyÏabout€Randall€Ensley.€€He€told€Hamilton€that€he€did€not€like€Randall€EnsleyÏbecause€he€was€causing€trouble€between€him€and€Ella€Ensley.€€McCulley€saidÏhe€would€like€to€whip€Randall€Ensley.€€Hamilton€saw€both€appellants€onÏChristmas€night€between€9:30€and€10:00€p.m.€at€his€apartment€in€Athens€whichÏis€approximately€34€miles€from€Park€Terrace€Apartments.€€On€Christmas€night,ÏMcCulley€gave€Hamilton€an€Uncle€Henry€knife.€€Hamilton€thought€bothÏappellants€seemed€nervous€and,€though€both€were€described€as€talkers,€neitherÍhad€much€to€say.€€Hamilton,€who€saw€McCulley€with€two€handguns€afterÏChristmas€but€before€the€shootout,€said€that€McCulley€told€him€he€was€"gonnaÏgo€out€shooting"€and€would€not€go€back€to€jail.€€ÌÌà àDean€Stafford,€McCulleyððs€aunt,€was€given€a€heart„shaped€ring€byÏappellant€Ensley€a€couple€of€days€after€Christmas€and€told€not€to€get€rid€of€it.€ÏHowever,€on€December€31,€1993,€appellant€Ensley€told€Stafford€to€get€rid€of€it.€€€€€ÌÌà@ àò òI.€€CONSOLIDATION€OF€TRIALSó óÌà àAppellant€Ensleyððs€first€issue€is€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€consolidatingÏher€case€with€appellant€McCulleyððs€case.€€Joinder€is€permissible€when€eachÏdefendant€ð ðis€charged€with€accountability€for€each€offense€included.ðð€€Tenn.€R.ÏCrim.€P.€8(c)(I).€€A€trial€judge€may,€however,€grant€a€severance€prior€to€trial€if€ð ðitÏis€deemed€appropriate€to€promote€a€fair€determination€of€the€guilt€or€innocenceÏof€one€or€more€defendants.ðð€€Tenn€R.€Crim.€P.€14(c)(2)(i)€&€(ii).€€Whether€to€grantÏa€severance€is€within€the€trial€judgeððs€sound€discretion.€€òòState€v.€Colemanóó,€619ÏS.W.2d€112,€116€(Tenn.€1981).€€The€exercise€of€that€discretion€will€not€beÏreversed€absent€an€affirmative€showing€of€prejudice.ÌÌà àAppellant€Ensley€claims€she€was€prejudiced€by:€(1)€the€denial€of€aÏspeedy€trial;€(2)€her€inability€to€prove€McCulleyððs€prior€criminal€record€and€toÏhave€McCulley€testify€in€her€behalf;€and€(3)€being€tried€by€a€ð ðdeath„qualifiedÏjury.ðð€€€ÓÓÌÌÌÌà@ àò òA.€€Speedy€Trialó óÌÌÓÓà àAppellant€Ensleyððs€first€basis€of€prejudice€is€that€the€consolidation€of€theÏtrials€resulted€in€the€denial€of€her€right€to€a€speedy€trial.€€In€determining€whetherÏa€defendant€has€been€denied€the€constitutional€right€to€a€speedy€trial,€ourÏSupreme€Court,€in€òòState€v.€Bishopóó,€493€S.W.2d€81€(Tenn.€1973),€adopted€theÏfour„part€test€outlined€in€òòBarker€v.€Wingoóó,€407€U.S.€514€(1972).€€We€mustÏconsider€the€following€four€factors:ÌÓÓÌà8 àà8 à1.à0 àthe€length€of€the€delay;ÌÌà8 àà8 à2.à0 àthe€reasons€for€the€delay;ÌÌà8 àà8 à3.à0 àthe€defendantððs€assertion€of€a€right€to€aÏspeedy€trial;€andÌÌà8 àà8 à4.à0 àwhether€the€defendant€was€prejudiced€by€theÏdelay.ÌÌÌÓÓòòœBishopóó,€493€S.W.2d€at€83„84.›€€While€no€single€factor€is€determinative,€the€mostÏcrucial€inquiry€is€whether€the€delay€has€prejudiced€the€defendant.€€òòTillery€v.ÏStateóó,€565€S.W.2d€509€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).ÌÌà àThe€length€of€the€delay€was€approximately€eleven€months€and€isÏprimarily€attributable€to€the€joint€trial.€€This€relatively€modest€delay€does€not,€inÏitself,€support€appellantððs€claim€of€denial€of€a€speedy€trial.€€This€Court€hasÏpreviously€held€that€a€two„year€delay,€standing€alone,€does€not€violate€the€rightÍto€a€speedy€trial.€€òòState€v.€Bishopóó,€493€S.W.2d€at€84.€€Further,€œit›€is€undisputedÏthat€appellant€Ensley€filed€a€motion€for€a€speedy€trial€on€May€4,€1994.€€As€to€theÏprejudice€factor,€the€appellant€argues€that€had€the€trial€been€severed,€she€wouldÏhave€proceeded€to€trial€within€two€months.€€She€claims€due€to€the€delay€sheÏwas€prejudiced€in€that€her€lengthy€stay€in€the€county€jail€affected€the€way€theÏjury€perceived€her€ð ðgeneral€appearance€in€the€courtroomðð€and€her€demeanor€onÏthe€witness€stand.€€No€claim€is€made€that€she€was€impaired€in€her€ability€toÏprepare€a€defense.ÌÌà àHaving€reviewed€the€pleadings€and€events€occurring€prior€to€the€trial,€weÏfind€no€support€for€this€claim.€€Further,€appellantððs€bald€assertions€that€theÏlengthy€stay€affected€her€courtroom€appearance€œare›€unsupported€by€œproof.›€ÏThus,€this€issue€is€without€merit.€€€ÌÌà@ àò òB.€€Antagonistic€Defensesó óÌà àAs€her€next€basis,€appellant€Ensley€argues€that€a€severance€should€haveÏbeen€granted€because€at€the€joint€trial€she€was€unable€to€refute€the€stateððsÏposition€that€she€manipulated€appellant€McCulley.€€Specifically,€she€contendsÏthat€she€was€prejudiced€by:€€(1)€her€inability€to€bring€McCulleyððs€prior€criminalÏrecord€before€the€jury;€(2)€the€inability€to€admit€certain€statements€made€by€her,ÏMcCulley€and€a€third€party€witness,€which€would€have€been€admissible€in€aÏseparate€trial;€and€(3)€the€inability€to€call€appellant€McCulley€as€a€witness€at€theÏjoint€trial.€€ÌÌà àð ðWhile€ððmutually€antagonisticðð€defenses€may€mandate€severance€in€someÏcircumstances,€they€are€not€prejudicial€per€se.ðð€€òòState€v.€Farmer,€et.€al.óó,€No.Ï03C01„9206„CR„00196€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€July€8,€1993)€citing€òòZafiro€v.€UnitedÏStatesóó,€506€U.S.€534,€113€S.Ct.€933,€937€(1993).€€Due€to€the€difficulty€inÏestablishing€prejudice,€relatively€few€convictions€have€been€reversed€for€failureÏto€sever€on€these€grounds.€€òòIdóó.€€Mere€attempts€to€cast€the€blame€on€the€other€willÏnot,€standing€alone,€justify€a€severance€on€the€grounds€that€the€respectiveÏdefenses€are€antagonistic.€€òòIdóó.€€ð ðThe€defendant€must€go€further€and€establishÏthat€a€joint€trial€will€result€in€ððcompelling€prejudice,€against€which€the€trial€courtÏcannot€protect,€so€that€a€fair€trial€cannot€be€had.ðððð€òòIdóó.€quoting€òòUnited€States€v.ÏHortonóó,€705€F.2d€1414,€1417€(5th€Cir.€1983).€€ÌÌà àIn€subissue€one,€appellant€Ensley€claims€that€a€separate€trial€would€haveÏpermitted€her€to€mention€McCulleyððs€prior€criminal€record€to€rebut€the€stateððsÏtheory€that€she€was€a€manipulator.€€However,€as€the€state€argues,€McCulleyððsÏrecord€would€not€have€been€admissible€to€prove€his€character€as€a€ð ðhardenedÏcriminal.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€404(b).€€The€criminal€records€could€have€been€used€asÏimpeachment€evidence€at€a€separate€trial€under€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€609;€however,€itÏis€unlikely€that€the€defense€would€want€to€impeach€their€ð ðstarðð€witness.€€We€findÏno€prejudice€due€to€the€exclusion€of€McCulleyððs€prior€record.ÌÌà àœThe€appellantððs€second€subissue€asserts€she€was€prejudiced€by€the€trialÏcourtððs€decision€to€redact€a€portion€of€her€statement.€€Her€argument,€however,€isÏnot€supported€by€appropriate€references€to€the€record.€€Tenn.€Ct.€Crim.€App.€R.Ï10(b).€€Notwithstanding€waiver,€the€redacted€evidence€was€admitted€via€theÏappellantððs€testimony.€€Accordingly,€the€appellant€cannot€demonstrateÏprejudice.€ÌÌà àFinally,€within€this€argument,€appellant€claims€that€at€a€separate€trial€sheÏcould€have€called€McCulley€to€testify€in€her€behalf.€€It€appears€that€McCulleyÏsigned€an€affidavit€indicating€his€willingness€to€testify€for€Ensley.€€The€transcriptÏindicates€that€the€trial€court€and€counsel€had€a€lengthy€discussion€regardingÏMcCulleyððs€offer€to€testify.€€However,€as€the€trial€judge€reasoned,€there€was€noÏguarantee€that€McCulley€would€follow€through€on€his€commitment.€€With€EnsleyÏbeing€tried€first,€McCulley€would€have€had€to€incriminate€himself.€€Had€hisÏcounselððs€advice€been€the€same€as€that€of€the€joint€trial,€McCulley€likely€wouldÏhave€refused€to€testify.€€As€pointed€out€by€the€state,€Ensleyððs€counsel€thought€itÏfutile€to€call€appellant€McCulley€at€the€joint€trial€(knowing€he€would€assert€hisÏprivilege€against€self„incrimination).€€Nonetheless,€we€will€not€speculate€as€toÏwhether€he€would€have€testified€at€a€separate€trial.€€Instead,€we€find€no€showingÏof€ð ðcompelling€prejudiceðð€under€any€of€the€subissues.€€This€issue€is€withoutÏmerit.ÌÌà@ àò òC.€€ð ðDeath„Qualified€Juryððó óÌà àAppellant€Ensley€claims€that€because€she€faced€the€same€jury€asÏappellant€McCulley,€against€whom€the€death€penalty€was€sought,€she€wasÏdenied€her€right€to€a€representative€jury€under€the€Fourteenth€and€SixthÏAmendments€to€the€United€States€Constitution.€€Additionally,€she€claims€that€thisÏprocedure€gave€the€state€challenges€for€cause€not€provided€by€law€in€a€non„capital€case€in€violation€of€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€24.€€We€disagree.ÌÌà àIn€òòState€v.€Harbisonóó,€704€S.W.2d€314,€318€(Tenn.€1986),€the€SupremeÏCourt€considered€the€defendantððs€contention€that€he€was€denied€the€right€to€aÏfair€trial€by€the€ð ðsystematic€exclusion€of€prospective€jurors€who€were€against€theÏdeath€penalty.ðð€€However,€citing€òòState€v.€McKayóó,€680€S.W.2d€447,€450,€453„55Ï(Tenn.€1984)€and€òòState€v.€Zagorskióó,€701€S.W.2d€808€(Tenn.€1985),€the€CourtÏrejected€the€argument€that€excluding€such€jurors€denies€the€defendant€a€juryÏcomposed€of€a€representative€cross„section€of€the€community.€€òòSeeóó€òòalsoóó€òòStateÏv.€Holliday,€et.€al.óó,€No.€28€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Apr.€15,€1987,€Jackson)€(holdingÏthat€a€ð ðdeath„qualifiedðð€jury€does€not€result€in€the€denial€of€defendant'sÏconstitutional€rights€to€a€jury€that€represents€a€cross„section€of€the€community).€€ÌÌà àLikewise,€we€find€no€merit€to€the€appellantððs€complaint€that€the€stateÏreceived€challenges€for€cause€not€provided€by€law€in€a€non„capital€case€inÏviolation€of€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€24.€€Appellant€Ensley€neither€cites€authority€toÏsupport€her€position€nor€demonstrates€how€she€was€prejudiced.€€This€issue€hasÏno€merit.ÌÌà àIn€summary,€we€take€notice€of€the€lengthy€discussions€between€the€trialÏcourt€and€counsel€on€this€topic.€€Only€after€much€analysis€did€the€trial€judgeÏdeny€the€motion€to€sever.€€Even€then,€the€judge€acknowledged€his€willingnessÏto€grant€a€severance€at€a€later€time€should€the€circumstances€dictate.€€We€findÏno€abuse€of€discretion€in€the€trial€judgeððs€denial€of€the€motion€to€sever.ÌÌà@ àò òII.€€MOTIONS€TO€SUPPRESSó óÌà àBoth€appellants€claim€that€the€trial€judge€should€have€granted€theirÏrespective€motions€to€suppress.€€In€appellant€Ensleyððs€second€issue,€sheÏcomplains€that€a€statement€she€made€to€Deputy€Darlene€Davis€while€awaitingÏher€interview€with€Officer€Jordan€should€have€been€suppressed.€€AppellantÏMcCulley€contends,€in€his€first€issue,€that€the€evidence€found€in€a€Crown€RoyalÏwhiskey€bag€during€the€police€shootout€should€have€been€suppressed.ÌÌà àThe€trial€judgeððs€findings€of€fact€at€a€suppression€hearing€are€conclusiveÏon€appeal€unless€the€evidence€preponderates€otherwise.€€òòState€v.€Woodsóó,€806ÏS.W.2d€205€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€However,€the€record€indicates€that€theÏtrial€judge€simply€denied€the€motion€without€making€his€findings€of€fact.€€Thus,Ïour€review€will€extend€to€the€transcripts›€of€the€respective€suppression€hearings.€€€ÌÌà@ àò òAppellant€Ensleyó óÌà àFollowing€the€police€shootout€at€the€Jeffery€residence,€Ensley€was€takenÏto€the€station€for€questioning.€€While€waiting€for€Agent€Jordan€to€arrive,€DeputyÏDarlene€Davis€was€assigned€to€sit€with€Ensley.€€Davis€testified€that€Ensley€wasÏnot€in€custody.€€Davis€testified€at€the€suppression€hearing€that€she€did€not€giveÏEnsley€òòMirandaóó€warnings€because€her€duty€was€simply€to€watch€Ensley€untilÏother€officers€arrived.€€Davis€added€that€she€did€not€question€Ensley€and€whenÏEnsley€begin€to€speak,€told€her€that€she€did€not€have€to€tell€her€anything.€€DavisÏsaid€that€Ensley€ð ðjust€started€talking.ðð€€Appellant€Ensley€told€Davis€that€sheÏwould€always€love€Randall€Ensley€and€that€ð ðwe€went€...€by€the€apartment€...€andÏhis€van€....€was€there.ðð€€These€statements€were€introduced€at€trial.€€ÌÌà àAppellant€Ensley€argues€that€her€statements€were€not€freely€andÏvoluntarily€made;€however,€she€offers€no€convincing€support€for€her€position.€ÏœNonetheless,€as€argued€by€the€state,€statements€which€are€spontaneous€andÏvolunteered€are€admissible€in€the€absence€of€òòMirandaóó€warnings.€€òòState€v.€Irickóó,Ï762€S.W.2d€121€(Tenn.€1988).€€Following›€our€review€of€the€suppression€hearingÏtranscript,€we€do€not€find€that€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€trialÏjudgeððs€decision.€€This€issue€has€no€merit.ÌÌà@ àò òAppellant€McCulleyó óÌà àAppellant€McCulley€was€apprehended€behind€the€Jeffery€residenceÏfollowing€the€shootout.€€The€appellant€had€on€or€near€his€person,€a€Crown€RoyalÏwhiskey€bag.€€The€testimony€at€the€suppression€hearing€does€not€give€a€clearÍindication€of€the€precise€location€of€the€Crown€Royal€bag.€€The€officer€wasÏunsure€whether€the€bag€fell€from€McCulleyððs€pocket€or€was€thrown€when€he€wasÏshot.€€Thus,€our€review€will€encompass€the€legality€of€the€search€of€the€bagÏunder€both€scenarios.ÌÌà àFirst,€if€the€bag€was€thrown€by€McCulley,€we€find€support€for€theÏproposition€that€it€was€abandoned.€€The€inference€may€be€reasonably€drawnÏthat€McCulley€wanted€to€distance€himself€from€the€incriminating€evidence€insideÏthe€bag.€€To€that€end,€he€abandoned€the€Crown€Royal€bag.€€Under€thisÏinterpretation€of€the€facts€at€the€suppression€hearing,€the€appellant€hasÏsurrendered€his€legitimate€expectation€of€privacy€in€the€bag€and€has€noÏstanding€to€challenge€its€search.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Brenda€Hillóó,€No.€274€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€Aug.€7,€1990,€Knoxville).€€ÌÌà àSecondly,€the€state€argues€that€if€the€bag€simply€fell€from€appellantððsÏperson€when€he€was€shot,€the€search€of€the€bag€was€incident€to€a€lawful€arrest.€ÏWe€recognize€that€a€warrantless€search€is€presumptively€unreasonable€unless€itÏis€conducted€within€a€recognized€exception€such€as€a€search€incident€to€aÏlawful€arrest.€€òòState€v.€Woodardóó,€No.€01C01„9503„CR„00066€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.ÏFeb.€23,€1996).€€The€state€carries€the€burden€of€showing€that€a€warrantlessÏsearch€was€conducted€within€an€exception.€€òòState€v.€McClanahanóó,€806€S.W.2dÏ219,€220€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).ÌÌà àThe€stateððs€position€is€that€the€officers€lawfully€searched€the€bag€whichÏhad€been€in€appellantððs€control€just€seconds€before€he€was€subdued.€€In€òòUnitedÏStates€v.€Robinsonóó,€414€U.S.€218€(1973),€the€Supreme€Court€held€that€ifÏprobable€cause€exists€to€arrest€the€appellant,€the€objects€and€areas€under€hisÏcontrol€may€be€searched€incident€to€that€arrest.€€Although€the€appellant€arguesÏthat€he€was€already€restrained€when€the€bag€was€searched,€we€find€this€fact€ofÏlittle€value.€€Under€this€version€of€the€facts,€œthe›€search€incident€to€arrest€wasÏproper.€€€€ÌÌà àFinally,€even€if€the€search€did€not€fit€into€this€exception,€the€contents€of€theÏbag€would€have€been€inevitably€discovered.€€Under€the€inevitable€discoveryÏdoctrine,€illegally€obtained€evidence€is€admitted€by€the€court€when€the€evidenceÏwould€have€inevitably€been€discovered€by€lawful€means.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Pattonóó,Ï898€S.W.2d€732,€735€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994)€citing€òòNix€v.€Williamsóó,€467€U.S.Ï431€(1984).€€One€of€the€officers€testified€that€following€the€appellant's€arrest,€heÏsecured€the€Crown€Royal€bag€in€the€trunk€of€the€patrol€car.€€Before€leaving€theÏscene€he€and€another€officer€inventoried€its€contents€by€initialing€each€itemÏcontained€in€the€bag.€€The€purposes€of€such€an€inventory€search€is€to€(1)€protectÏthe€ownerððs€property,€and€(2)€protect€the€officers€from€negligence€and€civil€rightsÏclaims€in€the€event€the€item€disappears€or€is€damaged.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€649ÏS.W.2d€589,€592€(Tenn.€1983).€€€€€ÌÌà àBased€on€our€review€of€the€transcript€of€the€suppression€hearing,€we€findÏthat€the€trial€court€properly€denied€the€motion€to€suppress.€€This€issue€is€withoutÏmerit.ÌÌà@ àò òIII€&€IV.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEó ó€Ìà àBecause€appellant€Ensleyððs€third€and€fourth€issues€challenge€theÏsufficiency€of€the€evidence,€we€combine€them€for€review.€€Ensley€first€claims€thatÏthe€trial€court€should€have€dismissed€the€case€because€the€state€failed€to€proveÏthe€allegations€contained€in€the€bill€of€particulars.€€Secondly,€Ensley€makes€aÏgeneral€challenge€to€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence.ÌÌà àIn€a€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€challenge,€the€relevant€question€onÏappellate€review€is€whether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€mostÏfavorable€to€the€prosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€theÏessential€elements€of€the€crime€or€crimes€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJacksonÏv.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307€(1979);€òòState€v.€Duncanóó,€698€S.W.2d€63€(Tenn.€1985);ÏT.R.A.P.€13(e).€€ÌÌà àIn€Tennessee,€great€weight€is€given€to€the€result€reached€by€the€jury€in€aÏcriminal€trial.€€A€jury€verdict€accredits€the€testimony€of€the€state's€witnesses€andÏresolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€state.€€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€657€S.W.2d€405Ï(Tenn.€1983).€€Moreover,€a€guilty€verdict€replaces€the€presumption€of€innocenceÏenjoyed€at€trial€with€the€presumption€of€guilt€on€appeal.€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493ÍS.W.2d€474€(Tenn.€1973).€€The€appellant€has€the€burden€of€overcoming€theÏpresumption€of€guilt.€€òòIdóó.€€On€appeal,€the€state€is€entitled€to€the€strongestÏlegitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€inferences€which€may€beÏdrawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832€(Tenn.€1978).€€€ÌÌà àFirst€degree€murder€is€defined€as€ð ð[a]n€intentional,€premeditated€andÏdeliberate€killing€of€another.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(1)€(1991).€€TheÏelements€of€premeditation€and€deliberation€are€not€synonymous.€€òòState€v.ÏBrownóó,€836€S.W.2d€530,€538€(Tenn.€1992).€€Premeditation€requires€a€previousÏintent€to€kill€while€deliberation€requires€ð ðsome€period€of€reflection,€during€whichÏthe€mind€is€free€from€the€influence€of€excitement.ðð€€òòIdóó.€at€539.€€Although€theÏevidence€against€Ensley€is€circumstantial,€the€òòBrownóó€court€held€that€bothÏelements€may€be€proven€by€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòIdóó.€at€541.€€ÌÌà àWhen€the€evidence€against€an€appellant€is€entirely€circumstantial,€theÏevidence€must€ð ðexclude€all€reasonable€hypothesis€other€than€that€of€guilt.ðð€ÏòòDavis€v.€Stateóó,€577€S.W.2d€467,€469€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€ð ðA€web€of€guiltÏmust€be€woven€around€the€defendant€from€which€[s]he€cannot€escape€and€fromÏwhich€the€facts€and€circumstances€the€jury€could€draw€no€other€reasonableÏinference€save€the€guilt€of€the€defendant€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€òòState€v.ÏCrawfordóó,€470€S.W.2d€610,€613€(Tenn.€1971).ÌÌà àIn€òòState€v.€Singletonóó,€No.€03C01„9406„CR„00221€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Mar.Ï13,€1995),€this€Court,€citing€òòState€v.€Gentryóó,€881€S.W.2d€1€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1993),€found€the€following€three€considerations€useful€in€analyzing€theÏevidence€of€premeditation€and€deliberation:ÌÓÓÌà8 àà8 à(1)à0 àfacts€about€how€and€what€the€defendant€didÏprior€to€the€actual€killing€which€show€[s]he€wasÏengaged€in€activity€directed€toward€the€killing,Ïthat€is,€planning€activity;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(2)à0 àfacts€about€the€defendantððs€prior€relationshipÏand€conduct€with€the€victim€from€which€motiveÏmay€be€inferred;€andÌÌà8 àà8 à(3)à0 àfacts€about€the€nature€of€the€killing€from€whichÏit€may€be€inferred€that€the€manner€of€killingÏwas€so€particular€and€exacting€that€theÏdefendant€must€[have]€intentionally€killedÏaccording€to€a€preconceived€design.ÌÌÌÓÓòòSingletonóó,€slip€op.€at€12€citing€òòState€v.€Gentryóó,€881€S.W.2d€at€4„5.Ì€Ìà àAs€to€the€first€consideration,€there€was€evidence€of€planning€activity.€€OneÏwitness€testified€that€prior€to€the€murders,€Ensley€said€that€she€would€beÏwearing€Diane€McKheenððs€rings.€€Another€witness€testified€that€during€aÏChristmas€eve€telephone€conversation€with€McKheen,€McKheen€told€her€thatÏEnsley€had€been€calling€and€threatening€her.€€McCulley€told€one€witness€that€heÏplanned€to€kill€Randall€Ensley€for€his€insurance€policy€but€had€to€wait€untilÏDecember€for€the€policy€to€go€into€effect.€€Further,€Ensley€rented€a€nearby€motelÏroom€for€Christmas€day€and€night€for€two€people.€€Both€appellants€stayed€at€theÍmotel.€€Other€evidence€tied€the€appellants€closely€to€each€other.€€In€fact,ÏMcCulley€depended€on€Ensley€for€transportation€as€he€did€not€have€a€vehicle.€ÏœEnsley€told€Deputy€Davis€that€they€went€by€the€apartment€and€the€van€wasÏthere.€€This›€evidence€indicates€planning€activity.ÌÌà àSecondly,€the€state€presented€a€number€of€motives€for€the€killings.€ÏSeveral€witnesses€testified€that€the€appellants€believed€that€appellant€EnsleyððsÏchildren€were€the€named€beneficiaries€in€Randall€Ensleyððs€insurance€policy.€€AsÏstated€above,€McCulley€had€said€that€he€was€going€to€kill€Randall€Ensley€whenÏthe€policy€went€into€effect.€€The€state€also€painted€the€picture€of€an€olderÏmanipulative€woman,€Ensley,€persuading€a€younger€lover,€McCulley,€to€kill€herÏex„husband€and€his€fianc.€€Evidence€indicated€that€Randall€Ensley€had€beenÏgiving€appellant€Ensley€money€even€after€the€divorce.€€However,€when€DianeÏMcKheen€walked€into€the€picture,€Randall€Ensley€made€known€his€intentions€toÏdiscontinue€these€monetary€payments€to€Ensley.€€œÌÌà àAppellant›€Ensley€admitted€her€continued€affection€for€Randall€Ensley.€ÏThe€state€wanted€to€convince€the€jury€that€appellant€Ensley€used€this€fact€to€fuelÏMcCulleyððs€jealousy.€€With€McCulley€enraged,€appellant€Ensley€was€able€toÏconvince€McCulley€to€assist€her€in€killing€her€ex„husband€and€his€new€fianc.€ÏAlthough€appellant€Ensley€denied€animosity€toward€McKheen,€evidenceÏindicated€that€she€resented€being€replaced.€€The€victimsðð€recent€engagementÏwas€likely€"the€straw€that€broke€the€camel's€back."€€Appellant€Ensley€had€theÍadditional€motive€of€making€McKheen€pay€for€taking€Randall€Ensley€away€fromÏher.€€As€stated€above,€Ensley€told€a€witness€that€she€would€be€wearingÏMcKheenððs€rings.€€After€the€murder,€she€indeed€had€McKheenððs€rings.€€ÌÌà àFinally,€the€facts€surrounding€the€killings€illustrate€deliberation.€€TheseÏwere€not€a€ð ðheat€of€passionðð€murders.€€Both€victims€were€in€the€living€room€ofÏtheir€apartment€on€Christmas€night.€€McKheen€was€shot€once€in€the€chest€andÏthree€times€in€the€head.€€Ensley€received€two€bullets€to€the€head.€€All€the€shotsÏwere€fired€at€close€range€and€indicate€a€design€to€kill.€€The€casings€remained€onÏthe€floor.€€McCulley€told€Jeffery€that€he€went€back€to€the€residence€after€theÏkillings€to€make€it€look€like€a€robbery.€€Other€evidence€indicates€that€the€ringsÏwere€taken€off€the€victimððs€œfingers.€€These€were€described€by€the€state€asÏtrophies€of€the€appellantsðð€accomplishment.›€€These€facts€support€the€existenceÏof€deliberation.€ÌÌà àFurther€testimony€revealed€that€McCulley€did€not€have€a€car€and€œwent›Ïeverywhere€with€Ensley.€€On€Christmas€night,€the€appellants€were€together€atÏthe€Diplomat€Motel.€€œThe€time€lines€of€their€activities€on€Christmas€night€areÏinconsistent.€€However,›€one€witness€œvisited€by€the€appellants€late€ChristmasÏnight€indicated›€that€both€appeared€nervous€and€withdrawn€even€though€bothÏwere€described€as€ð ðtalkers.ðð€€Ì€€€Ìà àThe€evidence€so€entangles€both€appellants€that€it€was€reasonable€for€theÏjury€to€conclude€that€the€œappellants›€executed€their€plan€to€kill€Randall€EnsleyÏand€Diane€McKheen.€€We€find€that€œsufficient€evidence€existed›€œ›€to€support€theirÏfinding.€€The€web€of€guilt€has€been€woven€around€appellant€Ensley€from€whichÏshe€cannot€escape.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ì€€€€€€à àÌà@ àò òV.€€CONSECUTIVE€SENTENCESó óÌà àFinally,€both€appellants€argue€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€orderingÏconsecutive€sentences.€€Our€review€of€the€sentences€is€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€with€aÏpresumption€that€the€determinations€of€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„401(d)€(1990);€òòState€v.€Byrdóó,€861€S.W.2d€377,€379€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1993).€€This€presumption€is€conditioned€upon€an€affirmative€showing€in€theÏrecord€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevantÏfacts€and€circumstances.€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).ÌÌà àThe€court€may€order€sentences€to€run€consecutively€if€it€finds,€by€aÏpreponderance€of€the€evidence,€any€one€of€the€following:ÌÓÓÌà8 àà8 à(2)à àThe€defendant€is€an€offender€whose€record€ofÏcriminal€activity€is€extensive;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(4)à àThe€defendant€is€a€dangerous€offender€whoseÏbehavior€indicates€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life,Ïand€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€in€whichÏthe€risk€to€human€life€is€high;...€€ÌÌà8 àà8 à(6)à àThe€defendant€is€sentenced€for€an€offenseÏcommitted€while€on€probation.ÌÌÌÓÓTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(2),€(4)€&€(6)€(1991).ÌÌà@ àò òAppellant€Ensleyó óÌà àThe€trial€court€found€that€Appellant€Ensley€is€a€dangerous€offender€andÏimposed€consecutive€sentences€pursuant€to€subsection€(b)(4)€above.€€In€òòStateÏv.€Wilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933€(Tenn.€1995),€our€Supreme€Court€held€that€theÏtrial€court€must€first€find€that€the€defendant€is€a€dangerous€offender.€€Once€suchÏa€determination€is€made,€the€proof€must€also€show€that€the€terms€imposed€areÏreasonably€related€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses€committed€and€are€necessaryÏin€order€to€protect€the€public€from€further€criminal€acts€by€the€offender.€€òòIdóó.€atÏ939.€€Here,€the€trial€judge€used,€almost€verbatim,€the€language€set€forth€inÏòòWilkersonóó€and€made€the€requisite€findings.€€Based€on€the€proof€presented,€weÏagree€that€Appellant€Ensley€is€a€dangerous€offender€and€that€consecutiveÏsentences€are€supported€by€the€record.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ì€€€€€Ìà@ àò òAppellant€McCulleyó óÌà àAppellant€McCulley€contends€that€the€trial€judge€erred€in€ordering€his€twoÏthirty„year€sentences€to€run€consecutively.€€The€trial€judge€found€support€forÏconsecutive€sentences€under€all€three€subsections€cited€above.€€Although€onlyÏone€basis€is€needed€to€impose€consecutive€sentences,€we€agree€that€the€recordÏsupports€all€three€bases.€€ÌÌà àThe€large€number€of€convictions€contained€in€the€presentence€reportÏilluminate€appellant€McCulleyððs€extensive€criminal€history.€€Additionally,€theÏrecord€indicates€that€the€attempted€second€degree€murders€were€committedÏwhile€McCulley€was€on€probation.€€Either€of€these€bases€supports€consecutiveÏsentencing.€€Thus,€it€is€unnecessary€to€address€the€appellantððs€classification€asÏa€ð ðdangerous€offender.ðð€€Appellant€McCulleyððs€second€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà àà àà àà à€€€€€€€ò òCONCLUSIONó óÌà àThe€convictions€and€sentences€of€both€appellants€are€affirmed.̛̜œÌ›ÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌà àà àà àà àà àà àPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,€JudgeÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌJOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JudgeÌÌ̛̜Ìòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌCHARLES€LEE,€Special€Judgeà à€€