WPC> # VUNa % 0(w@4 1 0@ 0D 0J7 U: 0T 0^ 0hm 0r 0|G 0 0I B 1u 0dkU>U* B)7DC` AME@)i !#$]&X(`)Y*Q+-+./E=0234v~5v7 0@< D3= AOG== 0D\> D/> B>HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPT0 (9 Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($ DEDDLeӀU!3|x(c(2ӱ$ !  XXXXX   `   0  (#$  0  2 0Indent123  ,  AZ"Arial Regular2" 0Indent20 23  2, 0Indent30 0 23  26 0Indent40 0 0 23  2@ 0Indent50 0 0 0 23  2J 0Indent60 0 0 0 0 23  2T 0Indent70 0 0 0 0 0 23  2^ 0Indent80 0 0 0 0 0 0 23   d ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P 8Mac DefaultMac Default ` X<  9p`(&Times New Roman<  9p`(Arial% Line 7 d&&&&7Border 1ddX'C << G !$  %%   YYY FILED%X October15,1996CecilCrowson,Jr.%AppellateCourtClerk  ; !#d#$   $   X %         ItisthepolicyofthisCourttousetheinitialsofchildrenwhohavebeenthevictimofasexrelatedoffense. 6 !#d#$   $   X %         C.E.testifiedthattheappellantwasherfathersuncle.Thiswouldmaketheappellanthergreatuncle.  !#d#$   $   X %         Statev.Bigbee,885S.W.2d797,803(Tenn.1994);Statev.Harris,839S.W.2d54,75(Tenn.1992),cert.denied,507U.S.954,113S.Ct.1368,122L.Ed.2d746(1993);Statev.Henley,774S.W.2d908,913(Tenn.1989),cert.denied,497U.S.1031,110S.Ct.3291,111L.Ed.2d800(1990);Montsv.State,214Tenn.171,191,379S.W.2d34,43(1964);Boultonv.State,214Tenn.94,96,377S.W.2d936,938(1964);Scottv.State,207Tenn.151,155,338S.W.2d581,583(1960);Sherrillv.State,204Tenn.427,433,321S.W.2d811,814(1959);Stanleyv.State,189Tenn.110,11516,222S.W.2d384,386(1949);Shellyv.State,95Tenn.152,155,31S.W.492,493(1895);Statev.McKnight,900S.W.2d36,47(Tenn.Crim.App.1994),per.app.denied(Tenn.1995);Statev.Adkisson,899S.W.2d626,643(Tenn.Crim.App.1994);Bethanyv.State,565S.W.2d900,903(Tenn.Crim.App.),cert.denied(Tenn.1978);Princev.State,529S.W.2d729,731(Tenn.Crim.App.),cert.denied(Tenn.1975);Gablev.State,519S.W.2d83,84(Tenn.Crim.App.1974),cert.denied(Tenn.1975);Henleyv.State,489S.W.2d53,56(Tenn.Crim.App.),cert.denied(Tenn.1972);Scolav.State,4Tenn.Crim.App.485,489,474S.W.2d144,145,cert.denied(Tenn.1971).  !#d#$   $   X %         SeeMonts,214Tenn.at191,379S.W.2dat43;Clappv.State,94Tenn.186,194,30S.W.214,216(1895);Adkisson,899S.W.2dat643;Statev.Roe,612S.W.2d192,194(Tenn.Crim.App.1980),per.app.denied(Tenn.1981);Bethany,565S.W.2dat903;Connerv.State,531S.W.2d119,123(Tenn.Crim.App.),cert.denied(Tenn.1975);Smithv.State,525S.W.2d674,676(Tenn.Crim.App.1974),cert.denied(Tenn.1975);Marshallv.State,497S.W.2d761,764(Tenn.Crim.App.),cert.denied(Tenn.1973);Moorev.State,1Tenn.Crim.App.190,194,432S.W.2d684,68687,cert.denied(Tenn.1968).  !#d#$   $   X %         SeeBoulton,214Tenn.at96,377S.W.2dat937(boyfourteenyearsofageanaccomplice);Scottv.State,207Tenn.151,155,338S.W.2d581,583(1960)(teenager);Sherrill,204Tenn.at43233,321S.W.2dat814(childrentenandelevenyearsofageaccomplices);Henleyv.State,489S.W.2d53,56(Tenn.Crim.App.),cert.denied(Tenn.1972)(fifteenyearoldanaccomplice);Underwoodv.State,3Tenn.Crim.App.583,587,465S.W.2d884,886(1970),cert.denied(Tenn.1971)(sixteenyearoldanaccomplice);Brittv.State,1Tenn.Crim.App.768,772,450S.W.2d48,50(1969),cert.denied(Tenn.1970)(astepdaughterbetweenagesofnineandsixteenwhoengagedinsexualintercoursewithastepfatheranaccomplice).  !#d#$   $   X %         Boulton,214Tenn.at9697,377S.W.2dat938;Scott,207Tenn.at158,338S.W.2dat584;Sherrill,204Tenn.at433,321S.W.2dat81415;Henley,489S.W.2dat56;Underwood,3Tenn.Crim.App.at587,465S.W.2dat886;Britt,1Tenn.Crim.App.at773,450S.W.2dat50. !#d#$   $   X %         Bethany,565S.W.2dat903.  !#d#$   $   X %         Ripleyv.State,189Tenn.681,687,227S.W.2d26,29(1950);Bethany,565S.W.2dat903;Smith,525S.W.2dat676;Abbottv.State,508S.W.2d801,803(Tenn.Crim.App.),cert.denied(Tenn.1974).  !#d#$   $   X %         Ripley,189Tenn.at687,227S.W.2dat2829;Bethany,565S.W.2dat903;Brightv.State,563S.W.2d908,910(Tenn.Crim.App.1977),cert.denied(Tenn.1978);Conner,531S.W.2dat123;Smith,525S.W.2dat67677;Abbott,508S.W.2dat803. !#d#$   $   X %         Ripley,189Tenn.at687,227S.W.2dat2829. !#d#$   $   X %         204Tenn.427,321S.W.2d811(1959). !#d#$   $   X %         204Tenn.at435,321S.W.2dat815.  !#d#$   $   X %         Boulton,214Tenn.at99,377S.W.2dat939;seeStatev.Sparks,727S.W.2d480,483(Tenn.1987);Mathisv.State,590S.W.2d449,454(Tenn.1979);Bethany,565S.W.2dat903;Henley,489S.W.2dat56.  !#d#$   $   X %         Sparks,727S.W.2dat483;Henley,489S.W.2dat56. !#d#$   $   X %         Sparks,727S.W.2dat483.  !#d#$   $   X %         Stanleyv.State,189Tenn.110,11617,222S.W.2d384,387(1949). ; !#d#$   $   X %         Sparks,727S.W.2dat483;Stanley,189Tenn.at116,222S.W.2dat386;Boltonv.State,591S.W.2d446,448(Tenn.Crim.App.),per.app.denied(Tenn.1979);Bethany,565S.W.2dat904;Bright,563S.W.2dat910;Boazv.State,537S.W.2d716,718(Tenn.Crim.App.1975),cert.denied(Tenn.1976). !#d#$   $   X %         Stanley,189Tenn.at117,222S.W.2dat387. !#d#$   $   X %         Boulton,214Tenn.at99,377S.W.2dat939. !#d#$   $   X %         Mathis,590S.W.2dat454.PtPtHH(FG(HH(d'@Styl{WP}01  HH  2$HH  Geneva  <Px443!#4$*$$*$ KK  Geneva  Geneva .,6 Geneva   BA Op Geneva  BA Op Geneva ("$    'dxdXC<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$   1  ' dxdP Pd ! . $    X   %\RA'\ћL(*';+'h|`  `LߛINTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEEATKNOXVILLEJULY1996SESSION  STATEOFTENNESSEE,   )      )   APPELLEE, )      ) No.03C019601CC00041      )      ) BlountCountyv.      )      ) D.KellyThomas,Jr.,Judge      )      ) (StatutoryRape,Contributingto      ) theDelinquencyofaMinor,and      ) ContributingtotheUnrulinessof      ) aMinor)JACKSONFANN,    )      )   APPELLANT. )FORTHEAPPELLANT:    FORTHEAPPELLEE:EugeneB.Dixon     CharlesW.BursonAttorneyatLaw     AttorneyGeneral&Reporter215EllisStreet     500CharlotteAvenueMaryville,TN378044915    Nashville,TN372430497(AppealOnly)       DarianB.TaylorKevinW.Shepherd     AssistantAttorneyGeneralAttorneyatLaw     450JamesRobertsonParkway404EllisAvenue     NashvilleTN372430493Maryville,TN37801(TrialOnly)      MichaelL.Flynn       DistrictAttorneyGeneral       363CourtStreet       Maryville,TN378045906       EdwardP.Bailey,Jr.       AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneral       363CourtStreet       Maryville,TN378045906OPINIONFILED:________________________AFFIRMEDANDREMANDEDJoeB.Jones,PresidingJudge  %OPINION   %X7KXdXXd7 Theappellant,JacksonFann,wasconvictedofthreecountsofstatutoryrape,aClassEfelony,twocountsofcontributingtotheunrulinessofaminor,aClassAmisdemeanor,andcontributingtothedelinquencyofaminor,aClassAmisdemeanor,byajuryofhispeers.ThetrialcourtfoundtheappellantwasastandardoffenderandimposedaRangeIsentenceconsistingofa$3,000fineandconfinementfortwo(2)yearsintheDepartmentofCorrectionforeachcountofstatutoryrape.Thesethreesentencesaretobeservedconsecutively.ThetrialcourtsentencedtheappellanttoconfinementforelevenmonthsandtwentyninedaysintheBlountCountyJailforeachcountofcontributingtotheunrulinessofaminorandcontributingtothedelinquencyofaminor.Thesethreesentencesaretobeservedconcurrentlytoallothersentences.Theeffectivesentenceimposedbythetrialcourtisconfinementforsix(6)yearsintheDepartmentofCorrectionandfinestotaling$9,000.InthisCourt,theappellantcontendstheevidencecontainedintherecordisinsufficienttosupporthisconvictionsbecause(a)thetwovictimswereaccomplicesand(b)theirtestimonywasnotcorroborated.Thejudgmentofthetrialcourtisaffirmed.ThiscaseisremandedfortheentryofanamendedjudgmentinCountIofindictmentnumber8227. Thevictims,C.E.andT.D.E., +   ׀werethirteenyearsofagewhenthecrimesinquestionwerecommitted.Bothvictimsweretruants,andtheyhadbeencitedtoappearbeforea TruancyBoard.Thevictimstalkedabouttheirmutualproblem.Theyconcludedtheywouldbedeprivedoftheirfreedombythe TruancyBoard.Thevictimsagreedtheywouldrunawayfromhometoavoidbeing sentofftoajuvenilepenalinstitution. DuringthefirstweekofJanuary1994,thevictimsranawayfromhome.TheyplannedtotraveltoSouthCarolinawhereT.D.E.smotherlived.However,theydidnothavesufficientfundstomakethetrip.OntheeveningofJanuary5,1994,thevictimswenttotheappellants ,   ׀homeandaskediftheycouldspendthenight.Theappellantagreed.ThevictimsaskedtheappellantifhewouldtakethemtoSouthCarolinainhisvehicle.Theappellanttoldthevictimshecouldnotleavetownbecausehewascaringforhiselderlymother.Thevictimsthenaskedtheappellantifhewouldgivethemsufficientfundstomakethetrip. OnJanuary6,1994,thevictimshadnoplacetogo.Iftheyreturnedtotheirrespectivehomes,theyfearedtheywouldbetakenintocustodybytheauthorities.TheydidnothavethefundsnecessaryforthetriptoSouthCarolina. TheappellanttookthevictimstoKnoxville.HevisitedC.E.sfather,whowasbeingtreatedinalocalhospital,whilethevictimswaitedintheappellantsvehicle.Later,theywenttoabusstationanddiscoveredthatatickettoSouthCarolinawouldcost$55foreachofthem.Thebuswasscheduledtoleavethenextmorning. TheappellantandthevictimsreturnedtoBlountCounty,andtheappellantobtainedaroomattheAmericanaMotelinMaryville.Onceinsidetheroomtheappellanttoldthevictimsiftheywouldhavesexualintercoursewithhim,hewouldprovidethemwithsufficientfundstomakethetriptoSouthCarolina.Duringdirectexamination,C.E.wasasked: Didyouagreetothoseterms?Sheansweredthequestionbystating: No.Wedidntwantto,butwedid.TheappellanthadsexualintercoursewithC.E.firstwhileT.D.E.satonthesideofthebed.HethenhadsexualintercoursewithT.D.E.Theappellanttoldthevictimstheyshould callguys[theyknew]upandsleepwiththemformoney.Healsostatedhewouldsubtractthecostofthemotelroomfromthecostofthebustickets. OntheeveningofJanuary6th,theappellantleftthemoteltopurchasefoodforthevictims.Healsopurchasedbeerfortheirconsumption.T.D.E.consumedtwoorthreecansofbeer.C.E.abstained. OnthemorningofJanuary7,1994,thevictimsweresupposedtoboardabusforSouthCarolinaat6:00a.m.Theyawokewhentheappellantcametotheroomat11:00a.m.TheappellanttookthevictimstotheHighway73MotelinMaryville.Thevictimsrefusedtostayatthemotelafterseeinghow nastytheroomwaskept.TheyreturnedtotheAmericanaMotel.Later,theappellanthadsexualintercoursewithC.E.whileT.D.E.satonthesideofthebed. OnthemorningofJanuary8,1994,theappellantgavethevictims$65andtookthemtoarelativeshome.Shortlythereafter,C.E.andhermotherwenttolocalauthorities.C.E.surrendered,andshewasreleasedtohermother.C.E.gaveapoliceofficerastatementoutliningwhathadoccurredbetweentheeveningofJanuary5thandJanuary8th. TheinvestigatingofficerhadC.E.makeatelephonecalltotheappellant.C.E.toldtheappellantthepolicewereaskingabouthimandtheAmericanaMotel.TheappellantwasawareoftheAmericanaandtheHighway73motels.TheappellanttoldC.E.totellthepoliceshedidnotknowhimandshewasneverattheAmericanaMotel.HealsotoldC.E.hedidnotusehisrealname,andhedidnotputhisvehicletagnumberontheregistrationformattheAmericanaMotel.HedidusehisrealnameandgavehistagnumberattheHighway73Motel.HeexplainedtoC.E.hehadanalibi.HerfatherandTeresaJoneswouldtellthepoliceandtestifyincourtthathewaswiththemduringthetimeinquestion. Whentheofficerswenttoarresttheappellant,theyintroducedthemselvestothepersonansweringthedoor.Theyimmediatelyheardsomeonerunningtotherearofthehouse.Theofficersrantothebackoftheresidence.Theysawtheappellantbeingtakenintocustodybytwoofficersasheexitedabackwindow.Althoughnoonehadindicatedthereasonwhytheappellantwasbeingarrested,theappellanttoldtheofficers thathewasbeingframedbythegirls,thathedidntknowanythingaboutanyrape. Theappellantgavetheofficersastatementfollowinghisarrest.HeadmittedbeingattheHighway73Motel,buthedeniedgoingtotheAmericanaMotel.Hetoldthepolicehehadanalibidefense,namely,hewaswithC.E.sfatherandTeresaJonesduringthedatesinquestion. Thevictimstestifiedtheywereafraidoftheappellant.However,theydidnotfeeltheycouldseekassistancefromanotherpersonwhiletheywerewiththeappellant.Iftheycontactedaparentorrelative,theyfearedtheywouldbearrestedbythepolice,placedinjail,andlaterplacedinajuvenilepenalinstitution.TheydidnothavesufficientfundstotraveltoSouthCarolina.Inotherwords,theyweredependentupontheappellant.  I.   Ӏ Itisawellsettledruleoflawthatanaccusedcannotbeconvictedofafelonyontheuncorroboratedtestimonyofanaccomplice. -   כApersonisanaccompliceifheorsheknowingly,voluntarily,andwithcommonintentparticipateswiththeprincipaloffenderinthecommissionofthecrimeallegedinthecharginginstrument. .   ׀Achildcanbeanaccompliceinasexrelatedcase. /   ׀Whenachildisdeemedanaccomplice,thetestimonyofthechild,likeanadult,mustbecorroborated. 0    Thequestionofwhodetermineswhetherawitnessisanaccomplicedependsupontheevidenceintroducedduringthecourseofatrial. 1   ׀Whentheundisputedevidenceclearlyestablishesthewitnessisanaccompliceasamatteroflaw,thetrialcourt,notthejury,mustdecidethisissue. 2   ׀Ontheotherhand,iftheevidenceadducedattrialisunclear,conflicts,orsubjecttodifferentinferences,thejury,asthetrieroffact,istodecideifthewitnessisanaccomplice. 3   ׀Ifthejuryfindsthewitnessisanaccomplice,thejurymustdecidewhethertheevidenceadducedwassufficienttocorroboratethewitnessestestimony. 4   ׀  II.     A.    Theappellatecourtshaveaddressedthenature,quality,andsufficiencyoftheevidencerequiredtocorroboratethetestimonyofanaccompliceonnumerousoccasions.InSherrillv.State, 5   ׀theSupremeCourtsaid:       X 8 8 TheruleofcorroborationasappliedandusedinthisStateisthattheremustbesomeevidenceindependentofthetestimonyoftheaccomplice.Thecorroboratingevidencemustconnect,ortendtoconnectthedefendantwiththecommissionofthecrimecharged;and,furthermore,thetendencyofthecorroborativeevidencetoconnectthedefendantmustbeindependentofanytestimonyoftheaccomplice.Thecorroborativeevidencemustofitsownforce,independentlyoftheaccomplicestestimony,tendtoconnectthedefendantwiththecommissionofthecrime.8 8 Thiscorroborativeevidenceneednotbedirectevidence,buttheruleofcorroborationissatisfiedeventhoughtheevidenceisentirelycircumstantial.Thecorroborationneednotofitselfbeadequatetosupportaconviction,butitmustbesufficienttomeettherequirementsoftheruleanditissufficienttomeettherequirementsoftheruleifitfairlyandlegitimatelytendstoconnectthedefendantwiththecommissionofthecrimecharged. 6   Inshort,theevidencemustconfirminsomemannerthat(a)acrimehasbeencommittedand(b)theaccusedcommittedthecrime. 7     B.    Theevidencecorroboratingthetestimonyofanaccomplicemayconsistofdirectevidence,circumstantialevidence,oracombinationofdirectandcircumstantialevidence. 8   ׀Thequantumofevidencenecessarytocorroborateanaccomplicestestimonyisnotrequiredtobesufficientenoughtosupporttheaccusedsconvictionindependentoftheaccomplicestestimony 9   ׀norisitrequiredtoextendtoeveryportionoftheaccomplicestestimony. :   ׀Tothecontrary,onlyslightcircumstancesarerequiredtocorroborateanaccomplicestestimony. ;   ׀Thecorroboratingevidenceissufficientifitconnectstheaccusedwiththecrimeinquestion. <   ׀ Evidencewhichmerelycastsasuspicionontheaccusedorestablishesheorshehadanopportunitytocommitthecrimeinquestionisinadequatetocorroborateanaccomplicestestimony. =   ׀Also,evidencethatthedefendantwaspresentatthesitusofthecrimeandhadtheopportunitytocommitthecrimeisnotsufficient. >     III.    Thequestionofwhetherthetwovictimswereaccompliceswascontroverted.TheappellantcontendedduringthetrialandinthisCourtthatthevictimswereaccomplicesasamatteroflaw.TheStateofTennesseecontendedinthetrialcourtitwasaquestionoffactwhetherthevictimswereaccomplices.InthisCourt,thestatecontendstheissueisacademicbecausetheevidenceissufficienttocorroboratethetestimonyofthevictims. ThisCourtisoftheopinionthequestionofwhetherthevictimswereaccompliceswasoneoffactforthejury,albeitaveryclosequestion.Itisunknownwhetherthejuryfoundthevictimswerenotaccomplices,orthevictimswereaccomplices,buttheirtestimonywascorroborated.Thefactssupportbothviews. Therewassufficientevidencetocorroboratethevictimstestimony.DuringthetelephoneconversationwithC.E.,theappellanttoldC.E.todenyshewasattheAmericanaMotelwithhim.HealsostatedhedidnotusehisrealnameorgivetheclerkthetagnumberofhisvanwhenheregisteredattheAmericana.C.E.didnotmentiontheHighway73Motel.Theappellantdidmentionthismotelandadmittedheusedhisrealnameandgavehislicensenumbertotheclerk.HealsotoldC.E.hehadconcoctedanalibidefense. Whentheofficerswenttoarresttheappellant,heattemptedtofleetheresidence.Flightcangiverisetoaninferencethatapartyisguiltyofacrime.Aftertheofficershadwrestledtheappellanttotheground,hetoldtheofficersthegirlswereframinghimandhewasunawareofarape.Noonehadmentionedwhytheofficersweretheretoarresttheappellantpriortohismakingthisstatement. Theappellantgavetheofficersastatementfollowinghisarrest.HeadmittedbeingattheHighway73Motel,buthedeniedgoingtotheAmericanaMotel. Inconclusion,theappellantsownstatementsaresufficienttocorroboratethetestimonyofthevictims.HeadmittedcheckingintotheAmericanaHotel;headmittedgoingtotheHighway73Motel;heattemptedtofleewhentheofficersarrivedattheresidence;andhestatedspontaneouslyhewasbeingframedandhewasunawareofarapebeforeknowingwhytheofficersweretheretoarresthim.Heconcoctedanalibidefense.HetoldC.E.todenyshehadbeentotheAmericanaMotelandtodenysheknewhim.HetoldC.E.shecouldtellpoliceshemethimonetimeinOctoberandhewasnotpresentatthemotel. Theappellantwaschargedinindictmentnumber8227with(a)contributingtothedelinquencyofT.D.E.inCountIand(b)contributingtotheunrulinessofT.D.E.inCountII.Thejuryreturnedaverdictofguiltyinbothcounts.TheverdictreturnedinCountIIstates: WethejuryfindtheDefendantguiltyofcontributingtotheunrulinessofaminorandassessnofine.Thetrialcourtapprovedtheverdict.However,thejudgmentstatestheappellantwasconvictedof ContributingtoDel.inCountII. Obviously,therewasaclericalmistakemadewhentypingthenatureoftheoffenseonthejudgment.Rule36,TennesseeRulesofCriminalProcedure,providesthat [c]lericalmistakesinjudgments...arisingfromoversightoromissionmaybecorrectedbythecourtatanytime....Therefore,thiscauseisremandedtothetrialcourtfortheentryofanamendedjudgmentwhichreflectstheappellantwasconvictedofcontributingtotheunrulinessofaminorinCountIIofindictmentnumber8227.     ____________________________________________      JOEB.JONES,PRESIDINGJUDGECONCUR:______________________________________̀DAVIDG.HAYES,JUDGE______________________________________̀WILLIAMM.DENDER,SPECIALJUDGE