ÿWPCD# …UBV %˜U.žÌnXÜ 0P4 4„ ˜ 1m  0d w@q 0”± 0DE 0J‰ 0TÓ 0^' 0h… 0rí 0|_ 0†Û 0a 1uñU,f 0d’ BöU,U6?B)uDCž D3á AM<a 0@sÝv~PvÓÎ 0¡ 0Š0 0 º 0´Z 0Ç 0ÛÕ 0ï° AOŸ!Æî! 0D´" D/ø" B'#<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiX%ä2¼A`ArialTT3|X «<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉJQX@%ä2¼A`ArialTTt10cpiXXXä2¼P±ŠQXP((­À$¡¡ÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓÔ¡¨  tuvwxyz#,37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)(<1$´´Ô2Ô6.Ú  Ú0Ú  ÚÔ3  Ôà0  à ùEúDûPüEýþPÿDD£Ó€(D(3¾Á$¤¤Ý ƒ­À!ÝÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d((((7Border 1dd 'ÿÿdxd€-)Cþÿ << Gÿÿ 2Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€'ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€XÔÌÌAugustÏ16,Ï1996ÌÌCecilÏW.ÏCrowsonÌAppellateÏCourtÏClerkÔ  Ôó ó("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò iÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€'ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ôÔ€€Although€the€defendant€frames€his€argument€as€a€challenge€to€the€sufficiency€of€theÏconvicting€evidence,€it€is€clear€that€his€complaint€on€appeal€stems€from€the€Stateððs€alleged€failureÏto€provide€discovery€in€accordance€with€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€16(a)(1)(C).€€As€a€result,€we€will€discussÏprimarily€the€issue€of€discovery€rather€than€focus€solely€on€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA Op Monaco Ò(gfi$µµà0  àÔ2(ÆÔ6.Ú  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ú  Ú0Ú  ÚÔ3  Ôà0` (#(#à(bÕä$¶¶à0  àà0` (#(#àÔ2ˆAÔÚ  ÚÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0¸ ` (#` (#à(xâr$··à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àÔ2ˆAÔ(Ú  Ú0Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0¸ (#¸ (#à(ŒU$¸¸à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àÔ2ˆAÔ(Ú  ÚaÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0h(#(#à(Ÿ@Æ$¹¹à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àÔ2ˆAÔ(Ú  ÚÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0Àh(#h(#à(³ýt$ººà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àÔ2ˆAÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0À(#À(#à(Çñû$»»à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àÔ2ˆAÔÚ  ÚaÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0p(#(#à€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€&&X„d&ÓÑ#€&&Xd#ÑÔ€'ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÑ X ÑÑ7€÷™XXdÈdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ ` ÑÓ  ÓÔ€ÔÙ€€ÙßL€+,);+'h|` 81 `€€Lß›à àà àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALSÏOF€TENNESSEEÌÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEÌÌÓ  Óà@ àJUNE€1996€SESSIONÌÌÌÌó óÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)ó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óà àò òC.C.A.€NO.€ó óÏò òœ01C01›„9507„CC„00236ó óÌà àà àAppellee,à àò ò€€€€€à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àMONTGOMERY€COUNTYó óÌœVS›.à àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.ÏJOHN€H.€œGASAWAY›,ÌRAY€ANTHONY€FARMER,à àà à)à àJUDGEÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)ó óÌà àà àAppellant.à àà àà àò ò)ó óà à(Burglary)ÌÌÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANT:óóà àà àà à€€€€€òòà àFOR€THEÏAPPELLEE:óóÌÌÌò òMICHAEL€JONESà àà àà àà àà àCHARLESÏW.€œBURSON›ó óÌDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àAttorneyÏGeneral€&€ReporterÌÌò òCOLLIER€W.€œGOODLETT›à àà àà àCYRIL€V.ÏFRASERó óÌAsst.€Public€Defenderà à€à àà àà àAsst.ÏAttorney€GeneralÌ109€South€Second€œSt.›à àà àà àà à450€JamesÏRobertson€Pkwy.ÌClarksville,€TN€€37041à àà àà àà àNashville,ÏTN€€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òJOHN€W.ÏœCARNEY›ó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrictÍAttorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òWILLIAM€CLOUDó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à204€Franklin€St.,€Suite€200Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àClarksville,€TN€€37041ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:____________________ÌÌÌÌò òAFFIRMEDó óÌÌÌJOHN€H.€PEAY,ÌJudgeÑ Ü Ñà@ àò òòòO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óóóÌÌÌÌÓÓÓ  Óà àà àThe€defendant€was€charged€in€the€indictment€with€burglary.€€He€wasÏfound€guilty€at€a€jury€trial€and€was€sentenced€to€twelve€years€in€the€Department€ofÏCorrection€as€a€career€offender.€€In€this€appeal€as€of€right,€the€defendant€challengesÏthe€Stateððs€alleged€failure€to€comply€with€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€16(a)(1)(C)€regardingÏdiscovery€of€tangible€objects.€€We€find€that€the€defendantððs€issue€lacks€merit,€and€hisÏconviction€is€therefore€affirmed.ÌÌà àà àIn€the€early€morning€hours€of€June€28,€1994,€Clarksville€Police€OfficerÏRicky€Cumberland€was€patrolling€the€College€Street€area€in€Clarksville,€œTennessee,›Íin€a€marked€police€car.€€As€he€passed€the€East€College€Street€Amoco€station€heÏnoticed€that€the€dome€light€was€on€inside€a€car€parked€outside€the€building€in€front€ofÏits€large€garage€door.€€He€proceeded€up€the€street,€turned€around,€shut€off€his€lightsÏand€approached€the€Amoco€building€again.€€When€he€reached€the€Amoco€station€heÏwitnessed€the€defendant€run€from€between€the€building€and€the€car€parked€outside.€ÏThe€defendant€was€carrying€a€red€and€black€nylon€bag,€and€his€pockets€wereÏbulging€as€if€full€of€something.€€Officer€Cumberland€pursued€the€defendant€andÏinstructed€him€to€halt.€€The€defendant€disregarded€Cumberlandððs€instructions€andÏdiscarded€the€nylon€bag€as€he€ran.€€After€a€moderate€chase,€Cumberland€eventuallyÏcaught€the€defendant€and€arrested€him.ÌÌà àà àCumberland€then€retrieved€the€nylon€bag,€which€contained€bolt€cutters,Ïa€small€pry€bar,€two€screwdrivers,€a€small€flashlight,€a€cigarette€pack€and€brownÏgloves€with€a€dot€texture€grip€on€the€palm€and€fingers.€€The€defendantððs€pocketsÏcontained€dollar€bills,€loose€and€rolled€change,€and€approximately€sixteen€packs€ofÏcigarettes.€€Included€in€the€cash€which€the€defendant€possessed€were€two€stacks€ofÏtwenty„five€one€dollar€($1)€bills€with€a€rubber€band€around€each€stack.€€Included€inÏthe€change€which€the€defendant€possessed€were€two€rolls€of€coins,€one€of€nickelsÏand€one€of€pennies€which€contained€more€than€the€allotted€number€of€pennies€forÏthe€roll.€€Upon€his€arrest,€the€defendant€gave€his€name€as€James€œMcQuary›€toÍClarksville€Police€Detective€John€Crabbe.ÌÌà àà àAt€trial,€Donald€Gibbs,€the€owner/operator€of€the€East€College€StreetÏAmoco€station,€testified€that€he€had€closed€the€station€at€approximately€6:00€p.m.€onÏJune€27,€1994.€€He€was€called€to€the€scene€in€the€early€morning€hours€of€June€28,Ï1994.€€Gibbs€noticed€that€the€large€garage€door€had€been€pulled€up€approximatelyÏtwo€and€a€half€feet€and€the€office€had€been€ransacked.€€In€addition,€the€front€of€theÏcigarette€machine€located€in€the€building€had€been€removed€and€was€standing€nextÏto€the€machine.€€With€regard€to€monetary€losses,€Gibbs€testified€that€two€stacks€ofÏtwenty„five€one€dollar€($1)€bills€with€a€rubber€band€around€each€stack€had€beenÏtaken€from€his€cash€drawer.€€Gibbs€was€also€missing€one€roll€of€nickels€and€one€rollÏof€pennies€with€too€many€coins€in€the€roll.€€He€testified€further€that€the€defendant€didÏnot€have€permission€to€enter€the€East€College€Street€Amoco€station€after€businessÏhours.ÌÌà àà àDoyle€Moss,€an€employee€of€Vaughnððs€Vendors,€testified€that€theÏcigarette€machine€located€at€the€East€College€Street€Amoco€station€was€owned€byÏVaughnððs€Vendors.€€Moss€had€serviced€the€machine€on€the€Tuesday€before€theÏincident.€€Moss€left€twenty„eight€assorted€cigarette€packs€in€the€machine€on€that€date.€ÏWhen€Moss€checked€the€machine€after€the€alleged€burglary,€the€machine€containedÍfourteen€cigarette€packs.€€In€addition,€all€of€the€change€from€the€machine€wasÏmissing.ÌÌà àà àDetective€Marty€Watson€of€the€Clarksville€Police€Department€testifiedÏregarding€photographs€which€he€took€of€the€crime€scene.€€One€photograph€inÏparticular€showed€fingerprinting€powder€bringing€up€small€dot€type€impressions€on€aÏsurface.€€Watson€testified€that€the€impressions€resembled€the€dot€texture€grip€of€theÏgloves€found€in€the€nylon€bag€which€the€defendant€had€discarded€during€his€flightÏfrom€Officer€Cumberland.€€On€cross„examination,€Watson€stated€that€no€fingerprintsÏhad€been€lifted€from€the€crime€scene.ÌÌà àà àWatson€photographed€the€items€in€the€red€and€black€nylon€bag.€€HeÏalso€photographed€the€loose€and€rolled€coins,€the€paper€œcurrency,›€and€the€cigarettesÏwhich€Officer€Cumberland€recovered€from€the€defendantððs€pockets.€€The€two€rolls€ofÏcoins€and€the€dollar€bills€were€then€returned€to€Donald€Gibbs,€the€owner/operator€ofÏthe€Amoco€station.€€The€loose€change€and€the€cigarettes€were€returned€to€DoyleÏMoss€as€the€representative€of€Vaughnððs€Vendors.€€As€a€result,€the€photographs€ofÏthese€items€were€introduced€as€evidence€at€the€defendantððs€trial,€not€the€itemsÏthemselves.ÌÌà àà àIn€this€appeal€as€of€right,€the€defendant€challenges€the€Stateððs€allegedÏfailure€to€comply€with€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€16(a)(1)(C)€regarding€discovery€of€tangibleÏobjects.× ƒ. ××  ×€€More€specifically,€the€defendant€complains€that€the€State€did€not€allow€theÏdefendant€to€inspect€the€money€or€the€cigarettes€obtained€from€the€defendant€afterÏhis€flight€from€Officer€Cumberland,€even€though€he€had€filed€a€standard€discoveryÏrequest€prior€to€trial.€€He€contends€that€if€the€tax€stamps€on€the€cigarettes€were€notÏfrom€Tennessee,€it€would€indicate€that€the€cigarettes€found€on€the€defendant€wereÏnot€taken€from€the€machine€at€the€East€College€Street€Amoco€station.€€Since€theÏphotographs€of€the€cigarettes€introduced€at€trial€do€not€clearly€show€the€tax€stamps,Ïthe€defendant€argues€that€he€was€prevented€from€inspecting€possibly€exculpatoryÏevidence.ÌÌà àà àOur€analysis€of€this€issue€begins,€of€course,€with€the€text€of€Tenn.€R.ÏCrim.€P.€16(a)(1)(C).€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€16(a)(1)(C)€reads€in€pertinent€part€as€follows:ÌÓÓÒ D ÒÒ ` ÒÒ ` ÒÒ ` Ҝ̛à àUpon€request€of€the€defendant,€the€state€shall€permitÏthe€defendant€to€inspect€and€copy€or€photograph€œ...›€tangibleÏobjects,€œ...›€which€are€within€the€possession,€custody€orÏcontrol€of€the€state,€and€which€are€material€to€theÏpreparation€of€his€defense€or€are€intended€for€use€by€theÏstate€as€evidence€in€chief€at€the€trial,€or€were€obtained€fromÍor€belong€to€the€defendant.̛̜ÌÒ ° ÒÒ ` ÒÒ ° ÒÒ ° ÒÓÓFrom€the€plain€language€of€the€rule,€it€is€clear€that€the€tangible€objects€which€are€beingÏsought€by€the€defendant€must€be€ð ðwithin€the€possession,€custody€or€control€of€theÏstate.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€16(a)(1)(C).€€òòSee€alsoóó,€œRaybin›,€Tennessee€Criminal€PracticeÏand€Procedure,€ðð13.33.€€In€the€present€case,€the€loose€change€and€the€cigarettes€wereÏreturned€to€Vaughnððs€Vendors,€and€the€rolls€of€coins€and€the€dollar€bills€were€returnedÏto€Donald€Gibbs,€the€owner/operator€of€the€Amoco€station.€€The€State€photographed€allÏof€this€evidence€for€presentation€at€trial,€but€the€items€themselves€were€returned€to€theirÏrightful€owners.€€As€a€result,€none€of€the€items€were€in€the€possession,€custody€orÏcontrol€of€the€State€at€or€after€the€time€of€the€defendantððs€discovery€request.€ÏAccordingly,€we€can€only€conclude€that€the€defendantððs€argument€lacks€merit€becauseÏthe€currency€and€the€cigarettes€were€not€subject€to€discovery€under€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.Ï16(a)(1)(C).ÌÌà àà àFurthermore,€even€if€we€were€to€conclude€that€it€was€error€for€the€State€toÏfail€to€maintain€possession€of€the€items€and€to€allow€the€defendant€to€inspect€themÏpursuant€to€his€discovery€request,€the€defendant€has€failed€to€demonstrate€prejudice,Ïand€thus,€any€such€error€in€the€case€at€bar€is€harmless€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€ÏòòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(a).€€In€fact,€from€the€record€before€us,€the€evidenceÏsupporting€the€defendantððs€conviction€is€overwhelming.€€The€record€reveals€that€theÍEast€College€Street€Amoco€building€was€forcibly€entered€after€business€hours€withoutÏthe€permission€of€the€owner.€€Among€the€items€missing€after€the€break„in€were€one€rollÏof€nickels,€one€overfilled€roll€of€pennies,€two€stacks€of€twenty„five€one€dollar€($1)€billsÏwith€a€rubber€band€around€each€stack,€and€approximately€fourteen€packs€of€cigarettes.ÌÌà àà àOfficer€Ricky€Cumberland€witnessed€the€defendant€on€the€property€of€theÏEast€College€Street€Amoco€station€after€business€hours,€and€upon€CumberlandððsÏapproach,€the€defendant€fled,€ignoring€Cumberlandððs€commands€to€halt.€€During€hisÏflight,€the€defendant€discarded€a€nylon€bag€which€contained€burglary€tools.€€When€heÏwas€finally€arrested,€the€defendant€had€in€his€possession,€among€other€items,€one€rollÏof€nickels,€one€overfilled€roll€of€pennies,€two€stacks€of€twenty„five€one€dollar€($1)€billsÏwith€a€rubber€band€around€each€stack,€and€approximately€sixteen€packs€of€cigarettes.ÌÌà àà àAlthough€the€evidence€of€the€defendant's€guilt€is€circumstantial€in€nature,Ïit€is€a€well€established€principle€of€law€in€this€state€that€circumstantial€evidence€aloneÏmay€be€sufficient€to€support€a€conviction.€€òòState€v.€œButtrey›óó,€756€S.W.2d€718,€721€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1988).€€However,€in€order€for€this€to€occur,€the€circumstantial€evidenceÏ"must€be€not€only€consistent€with€the€guilt€of€the€accused€but€it€must€also€beÏinconsistent€with€his€[or€her]€innocence€and€must€exclude€every€other€reasonableÏtheory€or€hypothesis€except€that€of€guilt."€€òòState€v.€Tharpeóó,€726€S.W.2d€896,€900€(Tenn.Í1987).€€In€addition,€"it€must€establish€such€a€certainty€of€guilt€of€the€accused€as€toÏconvince€the€mind€beyond€a€rea‚sonable€doubt€that€[the€defendant]€is€the€one€whoÏcommitted€the€crime."€€òòTharpeóó,€726€S.W.2d€at€896.€€Moral€certainty€as€to€each€elementÏof€the€offense€is€required,€but€absolute€certainty€is€not.€€òòTharpeóó,€726€S.W.2d€at€896.ÌÌà àà àFrom€a€review€of€the€entire€record€before€us,€we€find€that€the€proof€fullyÏsupports€the€juryððs€verdict€of€guilt.€€Furthermore,€the€defendant€does€not€contend€thatÏhe€was€unfairly€surprised€by€any€of€the€evidence€presented€by€the€State€at€trial.€ÏAccordingly,€we€conclude€that€the€defendant€has€failed€to€demonstrate€any€prejudiceÏstemming€from€the€Stateððs€alleged€failure€to€provide€discovery€in€accordance€withÏTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€16(a)(1)(C).ÌÌà àà àFor€the€reasons€set€forth€in€the€foregoing€discussion,€we€find€that€theÏdefendantððs€issue€on€appeal€lacks€merit.€€œThe›€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€herebyÏaffirmed.ÌÌœÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ó󛀀Ϝà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJOHN€H.€PEAY,€Judge›€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ïœ›à àà àà àà àà àœà àà àà àà àÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JudgeÌòòÌÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€Judge