ÿWPCÔ …U:V %U.–ÄnÔ 04×  w@ 4S 0Jg 0T± 0^ 0hc 0rË 0|= 0†¹ 0? 1uÏ 0dDB)¨DCÑ AMíav~N BÌvÓé D3¼ 0@ï AO/Æ~ 0DD D/ˆ B·<þ6X9`("Courier NewTTX%ä2¼A`ArialTT3|Xx«<þ6X9`("Courier NewTTXXxþ6X@ÉDQX@%ä2¼A`ArialTTTTXXXä2¼P±ŠQXP%ä2¼A`ArialTTTT„„…ä2¼P±ŠQ„P( ¤T$¡¡Ó  Ó deDfgUhiDjUklmÓ€·‚^!ÐTo€the€con2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ% Line 7 d 7Border 1dd€-!Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ãÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€XÔÌÌò òFebruary€12,€1997ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'h dStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva Ò%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÝ  Ý›Ñ\R AØ'\ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ X Ҝـ€ÙÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€ÔßR€"#!A1-j|` Å `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€KNOXVILLEÌÌJULY€1996€SESSIONÌÓ  ÓÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà à€€APPELLEE,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€03„C„01„9601„CR„00022Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àKnox€CountyÌv.à àà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àRichard€R.€Baumgartner,€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à(Robbery)ÌRANDY€EUGENE€FAUBION,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àAPPELLANT.à àà à)ÌÌÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àà àà àà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌÌBrandt€W.€Davisà àà àà àà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌAttorney€at€Lawà àà àà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌ1707€Cove€Creek€Lane,€Suite€2à àà àà àà à500€Charlotte€AvenueÌKnoxville,€TN€37919à àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0497ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDarian€B.€TaylorÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àRandall€E.€NicholsÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àCity„County€BuildingÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà à404€Main€AvenueÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àKnoxville,€TN€37902ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWilliam€H.€CrabtreeÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€AttorneyÍGeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àCity„County€BuildingÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà à404€Main€AvenueÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àKnoxville,€TN€37902ÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:______________________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌJoe€B.€Jones,€Presiding€JudgeÌò òÓ  ÓÔ€„ÔO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óÌÑ7€•XXdÖXXdÖ7ÑÓ  ÓÔ€XÔÌÌÌÓÓà àThe€appellant,€Randy€Eugene€œFaubion,›€was€convicted€of€robbery,€a€Class€CÏfelony,€by€a€jury€of€his€peers.€€The€trial€court,€finding€the€appellant€was€a€standardÏoffender,€imposed€a€Range€I€sentence€consisting€of€confinement€in€the€Department€ofÏCorrection€for€six€(6)€years.€€In€this€Court,€the€appellant€contends€(a)€the€evidence€wasÏinsufficient,€as€a€matter€of€law,€to€support€his€conviction,€and€the€trial€court€committedÏerror€of€prejudicial€dimensions€by€(b)€instructing€the€jury€on€the€lesser€included€offenseÏof€robbery,€(c)€permitting€the€State€of€Tennessee€to€elicit€that€threats€were€made€to€aÏprosecution€witness€during€re„direct€examination,€and€(d)€imposing€the€maximumÏsentence.€€After€a€thorough€review€of€the€record,€the€briefs€of€the€parties,€and€theÏauthorities€governing€the€issues€presented€for€review,€it€is€the€opinion€of€this€Court€theÏjudgment€of€the€trial€court€should€be€affirmed.Ìà àDuring€the€early€morning€hours€of€August€18,€1994,€the€victim,€Laszlo€œTarr,›€andÍhis€girlfriend€went€to€the€Ken„Jo€Market€to€purchase€groceries.€€While€the€victim'sÏgirlfriend€went€inside€the€store€to€purchase€groceries,€the€victim€walked€down€an€alleyÏbehind€the€store€to€urinate.€€He€was€followed€by€several€individuals€who€had€beenÏsitting€on€a€retaining€wall€near€the€store.€€While€in€the€alley,€the€appellant€heard€one€ofÏthe€individuals€say:€€"Let's€do€it."€€Someone€then€hit€the€victim€on€the€right€side€of€theÏface€with€his€fist.€€The€blow€caused€the€victim€to€fall€to€the€pavement.€€AnotherÏindividual€struck€him€with€a€branch€that€was€approximately€three€inches€in€diameterÏand€four€feet€long.€€Another€person€kicked€him.€€The€œappellant›€apparently€removed€theÏvictim's€wallet€from€his€back€pocket€while€he€was€on€the€ground.€The€victim€asked€theÏmen€to€leave€his€wallet€because€it€contained€his€œVeterans›€Administration€outpatientÏcard.€€The€appellant€removed€$30.00€from€the€wallet,€turned€toward€the€victim,€andÏthrew€the€wallet€in€the€grass€near€the€victim.Ìà àThe€victim€was€bleeding€from€his€nose€and€mouth.€€He€made€his€way€to€hisÏvehicle€in€front€of€the€store.€€The€Knoxville€Police€Department€was€notified€of€theÏrobbery.€€While€an€officer€was€investigating€the€robbery,€he€was€informed€two€of€theÏsuspects€had€just€exited€a€motor€vehicle€across€the€street€from€the€market.€€The€officerÏadvised€the€two€men€to€stop.€€They€ran€away.€€The€officer€pursued€on€foot.€€AnotherÏofficer€arrested€the€appellant.€€He€was€subsequently€taken€to€the€market.€€The€victimÏidentified€the€appellant€as€the€person€who€had€his€wallet,€removed€the€money,€andÏtossed€the€wallet€in€the€grass.€€An€officer€also€arrested€the€appellant's€brother,€DonnieÏRay€Faubion,€a€co„defendant.€€The€victim€identified€Donnie€Ray€Faubion€as€the€personÏwho€initially€struck€him.Ìà àThe€victim€did€not€think€he€was€seriously€injured.€€Later,€he€sought€medicalÍassistance€at€a€local€hospital€for€injuries€he€sustained€during€the€robbery.ÌÌò òÓ  ÓI.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€appellant€contends€the€evidence€is€insufficient,€as€a€matter€of€law,€toÏsupport€a€finding€by€a€rational€trier€of€fact€that€he€was€guilty€of€robbery€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt.€€The€argument€advanced€in€support€of€this€issue€is€predicatedÏexclusively€upon€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses.ÌÌò òÓ  ÓA.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€thisÏCourt€must€review€the€record€to€determine€if€the€evidence€adduced€at€trial€is€sufficientÏ"to€support€the€finding€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€Tenn.€R.ÏApp.€P.€13(e).€This€rule€is€applicable€to€findings€of€guilt€based€upon€direct€evidence,Ïcircumstantial€evidence,€or€a€combination€of€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòStateÏv.€Dykesóó,€803€S.W.2d€250,€253€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1990).Ìà àIn€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€this€Court€does€notÏreweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1990).€€Nor€may€this€Court€substitute€itsÏinferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€trier€of€fact€from€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòLiakas€v.ÏStateóó,€199€Tenn.€298,€305,€286€S.W.2d€856,€859,€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€352€U.S.€845,€77€S.Ct.Ï39,€1€L.Ed.2d€49€(1956).€€To€the€contrary,€this€Court€is€required€to€afford€the€State€ofÍTennessee€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€contained€in€the€record€asÏwell€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€theÏevidence.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).Ìà àQuestions€concerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€toÏbe€given€the€evidence,€as€well€as€all€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence€areÏresolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€this€Court.€€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€at€835.€€In€òòState€v.ÏGraceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973),€our€Supreme€Court€said:€€"A€guilty€verdictÏby€the€jury,€approved€by€the€trial€judge,€accredits€the€testimony€of€the€witnesses€for€theÏState€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€theory€of€the€State."Ìà àSince€a€verdict€of€guilt€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€and€replaces€itÏwith€a€presumption€of€guilt,€the€accused,€as€the€appellant,€has€the€burden€in€this€CourtÏof€illustrating€why€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€verdicts€returned€by€theÏtrier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€This€Court€will€notÏdisturb€a€verdict€of€guilt€due€to€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€unless€the€factsÏcontained€in€the€record€are€insufficient,€as€a€matter€of€law,€for€a€rational€trier€of€fact€toÏfind€that€the€accused€is€guilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914.ÌÌò òÓ  ÓB.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àBefore€an€accused€can€be€convicted€of€simple€robbery,€the€State€of€TennesseeÏmust€prove€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€œ(a)€the›€accused€œknowingly›€or€intentionally,€(b)Ïtook€property€from€the€person€of€the€victim,€and€(c)€the€theft€of€the€property€wasÏaccomplished€by€violence€or€putting€the€victim€in€fear.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„401.€ÍThe€State€of€Tennessee€established€the€elements€of€this€crime€beyond€a€reasonableÏdoubt.Ìà àAs€previously€stated,€the€victim€was€struck€with€a€fist.€€The€blow€knocked€him€toÏthe€ground.€€He€was€then€kicked€and€struck€with€a€tree€limb.€€His€wallet€was€taken€fromÏhis€back€pocket.€€The€appellant€removed€$30.00€from€his€wallet€and€threw€the€wallet€inÏthe€grass€near€the€victim.€€The€victim€testified€he€was€in€fear€of€his€life.€€The€violent€actsÏof€the€appellant€and€his€brother€caused€the€victim€to€seek€medical€assistance€at€a€localÏhospital.Ìà àThe€jury,€as€the€trier€of€fact,€resolved€the€question€of€credibility€of€the€witnesses.€ÏThe€verdict€establishes€the€jury€determined€the€State€of€Tennessee's€witnesses€wereÏcredible€and€believed€their€testimony.€€This€Court€does€not€have€the€authority€toÏreevaluate€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses€as€the€appellant€seems€to€suggest.Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌò òÓ  ÓII.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àWhile€counsel€for€the€appellant€was€cross„examining€Helen€B.€Harbin,€aÏprosecution€witness,€the€following€colloquy€took€place:ÌÓÓÌÒ ¸ ÒÒ X ÒÒ ¸ ÒÒ  ÒQ.€€You€and€I€have€had€conversations€about€this€[incident]?ÌÌA.€€€Yeah,€I€have,€and€I've€been€threatened€€and€hit€and€IÏdon't€need€it.€€There's€no€sense€[to]€it.ÌÌQ.€€I€understand€that.€€But€you€haven't€been€threatened€byÏme,€have€you?ÌÌA.€€No.ÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓDuring€re„direct€examination,€the€assistant€district€attorney€general€broached€theÏsubject.€€It€was€revealed€the€person€responsible€for€the€threats€and€hitting€the€witnessÏwas€the€appellant's€girlfriend.€€While€the€appellant€was€present€and€driving€the€motorÏvehicle,€he€did€not€threaten€the€witness€or€hit€her.€€The€trial€court€advised€the€assistantÏdistrict€attorney€general€he€could€not€delve€into€the€subject€matter€any€further.Ìà àBoth€defendants€objected€and€moved€the€trial€court€for€a€mistrial.€€The€trial€courtÏdenied€the€motions€for€mistrials,€but€the€court€did€give€a€curative€instruction.€€The€courtÏtold€the€jury:ÌÓÓÌÒ ¸ ÒÒ X ÒÒ ¸ ÒÒ  ÒLadies€and€gentlemen,€there€is€one€matter.€.€.I€want€toÏdiscuss€with€you€very€briefly€before€we€go€to€the€nextÏwitness.ÌÌDuring€Miss€Harbin's€testimony€as€you€will€recall€she€madeÏsome€comments€about€an€alleged€threat€apparently€madeÏto€her€by€a€third€party.€€The€law€in€regard€to€threats€is€that€„„Ïas€it€applies€to€third€persons,€is€that€a€threat€by€a€thirdÏperson€against€a€witness€is€relevant€only€if€the€defendant€isÏlinked€in€some€way€to€the€making€of€the€threat.ÌÌThe€Court€is€of€the€opinion€that€there€is€no€link€here,Ïsufficient€link€between€either€of€these€defendants€and€thisÏalleged€threat.€€And€I'm€instructing€you€that€I€don't€want€youÏto€consider€that€in€your€deliberations€of€the€case.€€The€thingÏI€want€you€to€concentrate€on€are€the€facts€of€this€case,Ïwhether€or€not€these€defendants€are€guilty€of€the€crime€forÏwhich€theyððre€charged.€€And€that's€where€I€want€yourÏemphasis€to€be.€€So€we'll€just€leave€it€at€that,€okay.ÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓà àThe€purpose€of€a€curative€instruction€is€to€correct€an€improper€statement,€remarkÏor€the€attempt€to€present€inadmissible€evidence€in€the€presence€of€the€jury.€€TheÍinstruction€advises€the€jury€to€disregard€the€improper€statement,€remark€or€theÏinadmissible€evidence,€and€such€is€not€to€be€considered€by€the€jury€for€any€purpose.€ÏThe€jury€is€presumed€to€follow€the€instruction€given€by€the€trial€court.€€òòState€v.€Smithóó,Ï893€S.W.2d€908,€914€(Tenn.€1995);€€òòState€v.€Melvinóó,€913€S.W.2d€195,€201€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1995);€€òòState€v.€Blackmonóó,€701€S.W.2d€228,€233€(Tenn.ÏCrim,€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1985).€€While€this€presumption€is€rebuttable€inÏnature,€the€appellant€did€not€attempt€to€rebut€the€presumption.€€òòSeeóó€òòMelvinóó,€913ÏS.W.2d€at€201.Ìà àThe€appellant€was€not€prejudiced€by€what€transpired.€€It€was€made€perfectlyÏclear€by€the€witness€that€the€appellant€did€not€make€any€threats€to€the€witness,€and€heÏdid€not€strike€the€witness.€€Furthermore,€the€trial€court€advised€the€jury€what€happenedÏcould€not€be€attributed€to€the€appellant,€and€the€statements€of€the€witness€should€notÏbe€considered€when€the€jury€considered€its€verdict.€€In€summary,€the€exploration€of€thisÏevidence€was€clearly€harmless€in€view€of€the€curative€instruction.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.Ï36(b).Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌò òÓ  ÓIII.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€indictment€charged€the€appellant€and€his€brother€with€aggravated€robbery.€ÏThe€document€alleged€the€accused€"[put]€the€[victim]€in€fear,€by€use€of€a€deadlyÏweapon."€€The€assistant€district€attorney€general€suggested€the€trial€court€shouldÏcharge€the€lesser€included€offense€of€robbery.€€Counsel€for€the€accused€objected€toÍthe€inclusion€of€an€instruction€on€robbery€in€the€charge€given€to€the€jury.€€The€appellantÏcontends€the€State€of€Tennessee€has€no€right€to€request€an€instruction€on€a€lesserÏincluded€offense.Ìà àThe€argument€given€in€support€of€this€issue€does€not€support€the€conclusion€theÏappellant€asks€this€Court€to€reach.€€The€appellant€candidly€admits€the€trial€court€òòsuaóóÏòòsponteóó€may€and€should€give€œan€instruction€on€a›€lesser€included€offense€where€theÏevidence€supports€the€principal€offense€alleged€in€the€charging€instrument€and€aÏlesser€included€offense.Ìà àIronically,€the€appellant€makes€this€argument€in€one€breath€and€in€the€nextÏbreath€unequivocally€states€the€evidence€presented€by€the€State€of€Tennessee€wasÏclearly€insufficient,€as€a€matter€of€law,€to€support€a€conviction€for€simple€robbery.€€GivenÏthe€facts€of€this€case,€the€trial€court€was€obligated€to€give€the€instruction€on€the€lesserÏincluded€offense€of€robbery€as€a€matter€of€law.€€It€is€irrelevant€whether€a€partyÏrequested€the€instruction.Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.Ìœ›ò òÓÓÓ  ÓœÌÓÓIV.ó ó›Ìœ›œÓÓÓ  ÓÌ›ÓÓà àThe€appellant€complains€the€trial€court€imposed€the€maximum€sentence€of€sixÏ(6)€years.€€He€contends€the€trial€court€should€have€applied€several€mitigating€factorsÏand€misapplied€two€enhancement€factors.Ìà à€After€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€the€record€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d),€this€Court€is€of€the€opinion€the€trial€court€properly€refused€to€apply€theÏmitigating€factors€asserted€by€the€appellant€when€determining€the€length€of€theÍsentence€to€be€imposed.€€The€trial€court€properly€used€enhancement€factors€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114€(1),€(4),€(8),€and€(13)€to€increase€the€length€of€the€sentenceÏwithin€Range€I.€€All€of€these€factors€are€supported€by€the€evidence.€€The€length€of€theÏappellant's€record€and€the€numerous€probation€violations€he€has€incurred€in€his€shortÏlife€are€sufficient.€€Moreover,€he€was€on€probation€when€he€committed€this€offense.€€InÏthe€past,€the€appellant€has€received€fair,€lenient€treatment€within€the€criminal€justiceÏsystem.€€Yet€he€has€failed€to€reform€his€conduct.€€His€proclivity€to€engage€in€criminalÏconduct€has€persisted€practically€his€entire€life.€€A€review€of€the€appellant's€recordÏreveals€that€if€he€is€not€deterred€for€an€extended€period€of€time,€he€will€be€back€on€theÏstreets€of€Knoxville€engaging€in€criminal€conduct€and€terrorizing€the€citizens€ofÏKnoxville€as€he€and€his€brother€did€in€this€case.€€The€trial€court€noted€this€tendency€andÏimposed€the€maximum€sentence€to€protect€the€citizens€of€Knoxville€from€the€appellant.Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÌÌœ›à àà àà àà àà àà à________________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€€€€JOE€B.€JONES,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ__________________________________________Ìà à€€€€€DAVID€G.€HAYES,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ__________________________________________Ì€€€€€€€WILLIAM€M.€DENDER,€SPECIAL€JUDGEÌÌÌ