ÿWPC¹ …# VUNa %¯ 0(µ4Ýñ  0l 0Dt w@¸ 0Jø 0TB 0^– 0hô 0r\ 0|Î 0†J 0Ð 1u` U,Õ 0dU,eU>‘ BÏU*ìB)DC? AM‚=Ï D3 v~?vÓ½ 0@ AOÐÆ 0Då 0D) D/m Bœ˜HP LaserJet 4 Plus/4M PlusHPPCL5E,,,,0 (ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡o„pppppdp3|x¬((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ¢D£¤D¥¦D§¨©DªD«2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman d< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d&&&&7Border 1dd€-'Cþÿ << Gÿÿ 3Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€#ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€%ÔÔ€%ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€%XÔÌÌApril€12,€1996ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó$$$$'ÿÿdxdPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA:Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA:Op Monaco Ò("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€""X„d&ÓÑ#€""Xd#ÑÔ€#ÔÝ  ÝÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÑ7€¶XXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ` °‚Xª ¸ ™XÓÔ€%ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÙ€€ÙßL€()';+'h|` ç `€€Lßà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINALÏAPPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEÌÌà@ àJUNE€1995€SESSIONÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)à àNO.€01C01„9412„CC„00438Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àAppellantà àà àà àà à)à àWILLIAMSON€COUNTYÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌV.à àà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€DONALD€P.€HARRISÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àJUDGE€ÌHAROLD€E.€FIELDS,à àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)€€€€€€€à à(Driving€under€the€influence€„Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àT.R.A.P€9)Ìà àAppelleeà àà àà àà àà à)à à€ÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à àà àà àà àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌCharles€W.€Bursonà àà àà àà àà àJ.€Russell€ParkesÌAttorney€General€and€Reporterà àà àà à102€West€Seventh€StreetÌ450€James€Robertson€Parkwayà àà àà àP.O.€Box€692ÌNashville,€Tennessee€37243„0493à àà àColumbia,€Tennessee€38402„0692ÌÌChristina€Shevalierà àà àà àà àà àÌAssistant€Atty.€Gen.€&€ReporterÌ450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌNashville,€Tennessee€37243„0493ÌÌJoseph€D.€BaughÌDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌEmily€N.€WalkerÌAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌP.O.€Box€937€ÌFranklin,€Tennessee€37065„0937ÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóà àÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌWilliam€M.€Barker,€JudgeÓÓòòÌÌÓ Ð Óà@ àOPINIONóóÌWe€originally€dismissed€this€interlocutory€appeal€as€being€improvidentlyÏgranted.€€The€Supreme€Court€has€directed€us€to€decide€the€appeal€on€the€merits€onÏremand.€€ÌThe€appellee€was€charged€with€driving€under€the€influence€by€a€WilliamsonÏCounty€Grand€Jury€on€November€8,€1993,€following€his€arrest€by€Deputy€GeorgeÏPoss€of€the€Williamson€County€Sheriff's€office€on€May€1,€1993.€€At€the€bench€trial,ÏOfficer€Poss€testified€that€he€observed€the€appellee's€vehicle€cross€the€solid€whiteÏline€on€Interstate€65€in€Williamson€County€four€times€as€he€observed€the€appelleeÏdriving€his€vehicle€for€about€one€mile.€€Once€stopped,€the€deputy€proceeded€withÏinvestigating€the€circumstances€of€the€appellee's€erratic€driving.€€The€appellee€wasÍasked€to€get€out€of€his€car,€which€he€did.€€The€officer€observed€the€appellee€staggerÏor€sway€as€he€got€out€of€his€car€and€detected€the€odor€of€alcohol€on€the€appellee.€ÏThe€appellee€admitted€to€having€a€ð ðcoupleðð€of€beers€earlier€in€the€evening.€ÏAccording€to€Deputy€Poss,€the€appellee€failed€the€horizontal€gaze€nystagmus€test,Ïthe€walk€and€turn€test,€and€the€one€leg€stand€test.€€The€appellee€was€arrested€at€3:40Ïa.m.€and€taken€to€jail.€€Deputy€Poss€estimated€that€he€arrived€with€the€appellee€at€theÏjail€at€3:50€a.m.€€Deputy€Poss€read€and€explained€the€implied€consent€form€to€theÏappellee.€€The€appellee€consented€to€submit€to€the€test€and€signed€the€form€at€4:03Ïa.m.€€The€intoximeter€test€was€performed€at€4:10€to€4:12€a.m.€€The€deputy€testified€thatÏan€estimated€twenty€minutes€elapsed€from€the€time€he€and€the€appellee€arrived€at€theÏjail€and€when€he€gave€the€intoximeter€test€to€the€appellee.€€However,€the€deputyÏadmitted€that€he€did€not€maintain€a€continuous€watch€of€the€appellee€during€thoseÏtwenty€minutes.€€Although€in€the€same€room€with€the€appellee,€the€deputy€filled€outÏpaper€work€and€entered€data€on€a€keyboard€into€the€Intoximeter€3000€during€theÏobservation€period.€€€The€officer€testified€that€he€did€not€hear€any€belching€noises€butÏthat€he€had€no€independent€recollection€of€asking€the€appellee€if€he€hadÏregurgitated,€hiccupped,€chewed€gum€or€engaged€in€any€activity€which€would€effectÏthe€validity€of€the€breath€alcohol€test.€€The€trial€court€found€that€because€the€deputy'sÏtimes€were€mere€estimates€and€the€deputy€failed€to€keep€the€appellee€in€his€view€forÏtwenty€minutes€the€results€of€the€test€could€not€be€admitted.€€Our€standard€of€review€isÍwhether€the€trial€court€abused€its€discretion€in€disallowing€evidence€of€the€results€ofÏthe€intoximeter€test.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Westóó,€737€S.W.2d€790,€793€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1987).ÌThe€State€first€argues€that€the€appellee€waived€any€right€to€object€to€theÏadmissibility€of€the€test€results€because€he€failed€to€file€a€motion€to€suppress€pursuantÏto€Rule€12(b)(3)€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure.€€This€issue€is€withoutÏmerit.€€As€the€trial€court€correctly€recognized,€€the€objection€to€the€use€of€this€evidenceÏat€trial€was€not€that€it€was€illegally€obtained.€€Rather,€the€appellee€objected€to€theÏintroduction€of€the€results€because€the€State€had€failed€to€lay€a€proper€foundation€forÏits€introduction€pursuant€to€òòState€v.€Sensingóó,€843€S.W.2d€412,€416€(Tenn.€1992).€€ÏAccordingly,€the€appellee€was€not€required€to€file€a€motion€to€suppress.€Ì€In€òòState€v.€Sensingóó,€our€Supreme€Court€announced€that€in€order€for€theÏresults€of€the€Intoximeter€3000€to€be€admissible€through€the€testimony€of€an€officer,Ïthe€State€must€lay€an€appropriate€foundation€through€the€testing€officer.€€òòId.óó€€òòSensingóóÏrequires€that€the€testing€officer€testify:ÌÓÓ(1)à8 àThat€the€test€was€performed€in€accordance€with€theÏstandards€and€the€operating€procedure€promulgated€byÏthe€forensic€services€division€of€the€Tennessee€Bureau€ofÏInvestigation;ÌÌ(2)à8 àThat€he€or€she€was€properly€certified€in€accordance€withÏthose€standards;ÌÌ(3)à8 àThat€the€evidentiary€breath€testing€instrument€used€wasÏcertified€by€the€forensic€services€division,€was€testedÏregularly€for€accuracy€and€was€working€properly€when€theÏbreath€test€was€performed;€ÌÌ(4)à8 àThat€the€motorist€was€observed€for€the€requisite€20Ïminutes€prior€to€the€test,€and€during€this€period,€he€did€notÏhave€foreign€matter€in€his€mouth,€did€not€consume€anyÏalcoholic€beverage,€smoke,€or€regurgitate;€ÌÌ(5)à8 àThat€he€or€she€followed€the€prescribed€operationalÏprocedure;€andÌÌ(6)à8 àThat€he€or€she€identify€the€printout€record€offered€inÏevidence€as€the€result€of€the€test€given€to€the€personÏtested.ÌÌà àà àà àòòId.óó€€ÌÓÓÌMore€recently,€in€òòState€v.€Boboóó,€909€S.W.2d€788,€790€(Tenn.€1995),€€ourÏSupreme€Court€stated€that€its€holding€in€òòSensingóó€had€ð ðrelaxed€the€rigorousÏfoundation€requirements€for€the€admission€of€€the€results€of€breath€alcohol€testing.ðð€€ÏòòSensingóó€substitutes€the€six€prerequisites€to€threshold€admissibility€enumeratedÏabove€in€lieu€of€requiring€the€State€to€introduce€breath€alcohol€test€results€throughÏthe€testimony€of€a€certified€operator€who€understands€the€scientific€technology€of€theÏinstrument.€òòId.óó;€òòcompareóó€òòPruitt€v.€Stateóó,€216€Tenn.€686,€393€S.W.2d€747Ï(1965)(setting€forth€pre„€òòSensingóó€standard€for€admissibility).€€We€conclude€that€inÏlight€of€the€relaxed€standard€for€admitting€breath€alcohol€test€results,€the€thresholdÏrequirements€for€admissibility€of€such€test€results€must€be€scrupulously€followed.€€ÌThis€case€centers€on€the€question€of€whether€the€State€met€the€requirementÏthat€prior€to€the€test,€the€defendant€was€observed€for€the€requisite€twenty€minutes,Ïand€during€that€time,€the€defendant€did€not€have€foreign€matter€in€his€mouth,€did€notÏconsume€any€alcoholic€beverage,€smoke,€or€regurgitate.€ÌThe€twenty€minute€observation€requirement€of€òòSensingóó€carries€with€it€twoÏdistinct€elements.€€The€first€is€that€the€State€must€demonstrate€that€the€defendant€wasÏobserved€for€twenty€minutes.€€An€officer€may€not€guess,€estimate€or€approximate€theÏamount€of€time€the€subject€was€under€observation.€€The€second€element€of€theÏrequirement€is€that€the€State€must€establish€that€the€subject€did€not€smoke,€drink,€eat,Ïchew€gum,€vomit,€regurgitate,€belch€or€hiccup€during€the€twenty€minutes€prior€toÏtaking€the€test.€òòSeeóó€òòSensingóó€at€417.€€ÌIn€òòState€v.€Billy€Etroy€McCaslinóó,€No€02C01„9310„CC„00228€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.,€at€Jackson,€November€2,€1994),€this€Court€found€that€where€a€portion€of€theÏrequisite€twenty„minute€time€period€occurred€while€€the€officer€was€driving€the€subjectÏto€the€police€station,€the€observational€period€had€not€been€met€because€the€officerÏdid€not€observe€the€subject€as€contemplated€by€the€rule€announced€in€òòSensingóó.€€TheÏrationale€for€the€exclusion€was€that€the€testing€officer€could€not€say€"with€certainty€thatÏthe€defendant€did€not€regurgitate€while€out€of€his€view€.€.€.€."€€òòId.óóÌ€In€the€case€at€bar,€the€trial€court€ruled€the€results€of€the€breath€alcohol€testÏinadmissible€based€upon€its€finding€that€the€officer€could€not€say€with€certainty€thatÍthe€appellee€did€not€regurgitate,€hiccup€or€belch€while€out€of€the€officerððs€view€andÏbecause€the€officer€could€only€estimate€that€the€requisite€twenty€minutes€had€elapsedÏbetween€the€time€they€arrived€at€the€jail€and€the€time€administered€the€test.€€DeputyÏPoss€testified€that€although€he€did€not€turn€his€back€to€the€appellee€during€theÏobservation€period,€he€also€did€not€keep€his€eyes€trained€on€the€appellee€during€theÏentire€period.€€€While€often€a€belch€or€regurgitation€will€produce€a€noise€capable€ofÏbeing€heard€by€another€person,€this€is€not€always€the€case.€€That€an€officer€remainedÏin€the€room€with€the€defendant€for€twenty€minutes€prior€to€testing€will€not€satisfy€theÏrequirements€of€òòSensingóó.€€òòSensingóó€requires€the€State€to€establish€that€during€those€Ïtwenty€minutes€nothing€occurred€which€would€compromise€the€validity€of€the€breathÏalcohol€test.€€Where€an€officer€can€testify€that€he€or€she€continuously€observed€theÏtest€subject,€with€his€or€her€€eyes,€for€the€entire€twenty„minute€observational€period,€Ïthe€State€will€in€almost€all€cases€be€able€to€meet€this€requirement€of€òòSensingóó.€€This€isÏnot€to€say€that€there€might€not€be€other€ways€to€make€a€sufficient€showing.€€ForÏexample,€the€State€might€video€tape€the€defendant€for€the€twenty€minutes€prior€toÏadministering€the€test.€€In€such€a€case,€an€officer€could€remain€in€the€room€with€theÏdefendant,€attend€to€necessary€duties€prior€to€administering€the€test,€and,€uponÏreviewing€the€video€tape,€be€able€to€testify€with€certainty€that€the€defendant€did€notÏsilently€or€surreptitiously€chew€gum,€belch,€or€regurgitate.€€€Ì€€Deputy€Poss€did€not€continuously€watch€the€appellee€during€the€requisiteÏtwenty€minutes€prior€to€the€test€and€could€not€testify€with€confidence€that€the€appelleeÏdid€not€regurgitate,€hiccup€or€belch€during€the€twenty€minutes€prior€to€the€test.€ÏAdditionally,€the€officer€could€only€estimate€that€twenty€minutes€passed€between€hisÏarrival€at€the€jail€and€when€he€gave€the€test€to€the€appellee.€€Therefore,€we€hold€as€aÏmatter€of€law€that€State€failed€to€establish€that€the€appellee€was€observed€for€theÏrequisite€twenty€minutes€prior€to€the€test,€and€that€during€this€period,€he€did€not€haveÏforeign€matter€in€his€mouth,€did€not€consume€any€alcoholic€beverage,€smoke,€orÏregurgitate,€as€required€by€the€rule€announced€in€òòState€v.€Sensingóó.€€The€trial€courtÏdid€not€abuse€its€discretion€by€refusing€to€allow€the€results€of€the€Intoximeter€3000€toÏbe€admitted€against€the€appellee.€€€ÌAccordingly,€we€affirm€the€ruling€of€the€trial€court€and€remand€this€case€to€theÏtrial€court€for€further€proceedings€consistent€with€this€opinion.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌà àà àà àà àà àWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JUDGEÌÌÌÓ  ÓCONCUR:ÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌJOE€B.€JONES,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌWILLIAM€B.€ACREE,€JR.,€SPECIAL€JUDGE