ÿWPC^  ®}5þGxñÆ9n‹id(/?@|tãrŠ:¡]gÝji‰,Ûë̦‡È™êÍ‚¿ï…qÓùòþÚ§âô¼ÅåÂq#/^ÈQ¶ÜÎQ“†“Šiö³ÆZ}Ù&”ìÝíIsžÒÏrì·„>`señ=¦+B·D2mäE´™¼Vß~"sG»F®…ûìH^õQ¥4KÕ`lšøÔ£ù»§„ÆÐ 3¿È]Í´ãÒ #ÀéLK€&™DãXxO”˜鿌ËC¥ü‡=9#ú9 }ÑW¶:ÿ£|^KÄ/tq?6F9 !šÎÖZ¥]æiD7 €Ë"øV–÷~Ơ϶÷ *âÁvTÜ~ N˜)S-vvo€µ•BáÆÞxEvú$ïèa'Pzr©iLY  0úC ˆKÉú‹ «ü°8d ¼læÓùÍJ oªeêΣMÄÕßåµK¿W:[&j±wH~»ƒ†KçmƒËįÎf$¹µë» Žª#“IäèŸVçį=üp_°¿E®‹Z·ðãr÷Ói¯pÖ›^ ˜q†¾jk€‰j¡y úKq“ââ3"l'Æâ¹¼|¼âXPØH}c‰ÈòOÀnB* R]Y¬·l0+Ý…# F UNQ %Ÿ 0(¥ 4Í á U:ð U:* bd El ± w@¹ ù mû Å 0 ª× 0 DmÅ 2¯8Tçƒ;¾¬ÝU :‰ÃçË1²U:ã B%%% D3BBB 0Duuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu AO¹Æ 0DÎ D/ BA ˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡uM% @ d3|x¾,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular- ù- ;Ñ  ÑÑ#€åXÿÿd#ÑÑ € Ñ  ¬š­š®š¯š°D±²D³´ šµÓ€ ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ »Ý ƒ-°$ÝÒ4°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€XdîXXXÔòòà Œ àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý›Our€Supreme€Court€has€recently€held€that€ð ðin€evaluating€the€correctness€of€a€trial€court'sÐ ° Ðruling€on€a€pretrial€motion€to€suppress,€appellate€courts€may€consider€the€proof€adduced€both€at€theÏsuppression€hearing€and€at€trial.ðð€€òòState€v.€¢Henning£óó,€975€S.W.2d€290,€299€(Tenn.€1998).(Z(2-°$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ4°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€XdîXXXÔòòà Œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó cÝ ƒ§°$ÝÒ4°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€XÉjXXXÔòòà Œ àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý›Detective€¢Tarkington£€testified€that€the€information€they€had€on€Morris€was€that€he€had€beenÐ ° Ðð ðinvolved€in€an€armed€robbery€earlier,€òòseveral€days,€or€maybe€even€weeks€earlieróóðð€(emphasis€added).H` ¥Ý ƒ§°$ÝÒ4°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€XÉjXXXÔòòà Œ àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý›This€evidence€would€include€all€of€the€jewelry€collected€in€the€defendant's€house,€the€pawnÐ ° Ðtickets,€the€photographs€made€of€these€items€by€the€police,€the€property€inventory€made€by€the€police,Ïand€the€business€cards€and€other€literature€connected€to€various€pawn€shops. JÝ ƒ§°$ÝÒ4°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€XÉjXXXÔòòà Œ àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý›One€such€intervening€circumstance€following€an€illegal€arrest€is€the€release€of€the€defendantÐ ° Ðon€bail€and€his€subsequent€voluntary€return€to€the€police€station€to€make€a€statement.€€òòSeeóó€òòWong€Sunóó,Ð pÀ Ð371€U.S.€at€491.€€Another€circumstance€may€be€the€defendant's€ð ðconsultation€with€an€attorney,Ïrelative,€friend,€or€priest€prior€to€the€time€a€statement€is€given.ðð€€òò¢Huddleston£óó,€924€S.W.2d€at€675. yÝ ƒ§°$ÝÒ4°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€XÉjXXXÔòòà Œ àòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝAggravated€robbery€is€ð ðthe€intentional€or€knowing€theft€of€property€from€the€person€of€anotherÐ ° Ðby€violence€or€putting€the€person€in€fearðð€when€it€is€ð ð[¢a]ccomplished£€with€a€deadly€weapon€or€by€displayÏof€any€article€used€or€fashioned€to€lead€the€victim€to€reasonably€believe€it€to€be€a€deadly€weapon.ðð€Ï¢T.C.A.›£€ðð€39„13„402(a)(1);€òòsee€alsoóó€¢T.C.A.£€ðð€39„11„402€(ð ðA€person€is€criminally€responsible€for€anÐ ð@ Ðoffense€committed€by€the€conduct€of€another€if:€€.€.€.€(2)€Acting€with€intent€to€promote€or€assist€theÏcommission€of€the€offense,€or€to€benefit€in€the€proceeds€or€results€of€the€offense,€the€person€solicits,Ïdirects,€aids,€or€attempts€to€aid€another€person€to€commit€the€offense.ðð).€ Ý ƒ§°$ÝÒ4°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€XÉjXXXÔòòà Œ àòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý›In€light€of€our€disposition€of€this€matter,€we€need€not€address€the€ð ðprotective€sweepððÐ ° Ðconducted€in€the€defendant's€home. ¢Ý ƒ§°$ÝÒ4°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€XÉjXXXÔòòà Œ àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€state€does€not€argue,€and€the€record€does€not€support,€the€existence€of€either€of€theÐ ° Ðother€two€types€of€exigent€circumstances„„that€the€suspect€posed€an€immediate€threat,€or€that€he€wasÏgoing€to€escape€or€destroy€evidence.€€òòSeeóó€òòJonesóó,€874€F.2d€at€1130., øð AZ‹"Arial Regular ÝÔ€XdîXXXÔÔ€%XXdîÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€XdîX%ÔÐ  ÐÌJanuary€7,€1999ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó 'Ý ƒ§°$ÝÒ4°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€XÉjXXXÔòòà Œ àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€defendant€also€made€a€video„taped€statement.€€Due€to€a€taping€error,€however,€theÐ ° Ðvideotape€is€unintelligible€and€was€not€played€for€the€jury.,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular þÝ ƒ§°$ÝÒ4°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ€XÉjXXXÔòòà Œ àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý›This€would€include€any€testimony€about€the€video„taped€statement€he€gave€at€the€CriminalÐ ° ÐJustice€Center. d'''''ÿÿdxd(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý›Ò4°ÒÒ„°ÒÔ‡XdîXXXÔÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ€ —HÑÓ  Óñµñœßr€*<,(j 8` `€€@Eô±` 8ttxP,°ð  rß›ñµñà @Œ àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ ° ÐÌà@@PP)DàAT€NASHVILLE€ÌÌà@@zz%DàOCTOBER€1998€SESSIONó óÐ `° ÐÌÌÌÌà @Œ àò òÌÓ47°œXÓÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à 7 àó ó)€Ð Ð  Ðà 7 à)€C.C.A.€No.€¢01C01£„9708„CR„00365€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ï€€€€€€€€€Appellee,à 7 à)Ð ¢ò  Ðà 7 à)€Davidson€CountyÌV.€€€€€€€à 7 à)Ð n¾  Ðà 7 à)€Honorable€Thomas€H.€Shriver,€JudgeÌà 7 à)ò òÐ :Š ÐRODNEY€FORD,ó óà 7 à)€(Aggravated€Robbery)€Ð  p Ðà 7 à)Ì€€€€€€€€€Appellant.à0 7 à)ÐòB7T$7T$ ÐÌÌÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à 7 àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:Ð pÀ ÐÌJay€Normanà 7 àJohn€Knox€¢Walkup£Ð <Œ ÐÔ#†XkXXXdî8#ÔÔ‡XdîXXXkÔ213€Third€Ave.€N.à 7 àAttorney€General€&€Reporter€Ð "r ÐNashville,€TN€37201Ìà 7 àDaryl€J.€BrandÌà 7 àAssistant€Attorney€General¼à 7 à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌà 7 àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌà 7 àVictor€S.€(œTorry›)€Johnson€IIIÌà 7 àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà 7 à¢Kymberly£€HaasÌà 7 àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà 7 àWashington€Sq.,€Suite€500Ìà 7 à222€Second€Ave.€N.Ìà 7 àNashville,€TN€37201„1649ÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€___________________ÌÌÌò òREMANDED€FOR€EVIDENTIARY€HEARING€WITH€INSTRUCTIONSÐ /j*/ Ðó óÌÌò òPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,ó óÐ Ò1"-2 ÐJudgeÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÔ#†XkXXXdî»#Ôò òÔ€XdîXXXkÔÔ  Ôà 7 à¼à 7 àO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó ó€Ð Ú:*6< ÐñµñÑ —HÑÑ  ÑÑ7€kXXdìXXdì7ÑÑ€ ÑÑ  ÑÑ —HÑÑ  ÑÑ#€åXÿÿd#ÑÑ € ÑÑ  ÑñµñÐ Æ;7= ÐÑ —HÑÑ  ÑÑ7€kXXdìXXdì7ÑÑ€ ÑÑ  ÑñµñÑ —HÑÑ  ÑÑ#€åXÿÿd#ÑÑ € ÑÑ  ÑñµñÓÓÓ*4„‚X ‹Y¬&¹&)47*Óà àThe€defendant€was€convicted€by€a€jury€of€three€counts€of€aggravatedÐ ° Ðrobbery.€€He€was€sentenced€as€a€range€I€standard€offender€to€three€concurrentÏterms€of€eight€years.€€In€this€direct€appeal,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€trialÏcourt€erred€in€denying€his€motion€to€suppress€evidence.€€Upon€our€review€of€bothÏthe€suppression€hearing€and€the€trial,¢×ƒ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×£€we€remand€this€matter€for€furtherÐ à 0 Ðproceedings€consistent€with€this€opinion.Ìà@úú-Dàò òFACTSˆÐ xÈ  Ðà àó óAlthough€the€defendant€does€not€directly€challenge€the€sufficiency€of€theÐ P   Ðevidence,€a€brief€recitation€of€the€facts€is€necessary.€€On€February€8,€1994,€KayÏ¢Krantz£,€the€co„owner€of€¢Kwik£€¢Kash£€Pawn,€was€working€in€the€shop.€€Grady€MorrisÏand€Timothy€Guinn€entered€with€handguns.€€Morris€knocked€Krantz€to€the€floorÏbehind€the€counter€and€repeatedly€threatened€to€kill€her.€€He€took€cash€out€of€theÏcash€drawer.€€œKrantz›€did€not€see€a€third€person€but€learned€from€a€customer€thatÏhe€had€seen€three€men€driving€away.€€She€testified€that€approximately€$33,000Ïworth€of€jewelry,€handguns,€and€money€was€stolen€during€the€robbery.€€MorrisÏwas€the€only€person€she€saw€actually€take€things.ÌÌà àOne€day€in€early€May€1994,€Kim€Hill€was€working€with€Melonie€Rose€andÏJack€Garland€in€Capitol€View€Pawn.€€A€car€pulled€alongside€the€building,€a€manÏgot€out,€and€the€car€left.€€The€man€entered€the€store€and€asked€to€see€some€carÏspeakers.€€His€beeper€then€went€off;€he€left,€and€immediately€thereafter€Guinn,ÏMorris,€and€a€man€named€Lawrence€Seging€came€in,€all€armed€with€9€mm.Ïpistols.€€Guinn€put€his€gun€to€Hill's€head€and€Morris€put€his€gun€to€Garland'sÏhead.€€Seging€went€to€the€jewelry€showcase.€€Rose€then€came€out€of€her€officeÏand€got€between€Hill€and€Guinn.€€Guinn€refused€to€release€Hill€and€demandedÏmoney.€€Rose€opened€the€register€and€gave€him€the€money.€€The€phone€rang,Ïand€Guinn€turned€the€gun€on€Rose.€€After€taking€the€money,€Guinn€ordered€theÏtwo€women€to€get€down€on€the€floor,€which€they€did.€€Guinn€threatened€to€killÐ @506 Ðthem€both.€€Eventually€the€men€left.€€Rose€testified€that€approximately€$40,000Ïworth€of€jewelry€and€three€to€five€hundred€dollars€in€cash€were€taken.€€NeitherÏRose€nor€Hill€could€identify€the€defendant€as€having€been€in€the€store€during€theÏrobbery,€but€Hill€testified€that€the€man€who€had€come€in€right€before€was€theÏsame€size,€ñ£ñœñ£ñcolor,€andñ£ñ›ñ£ññ£ññ£ñ€build€as€the€defendant€and€had€the€same€hair.ÌÌà àOn€June€14,€1994,€Detective€¢Ricky£€Roll€of€the€Metro€Police€DepartmentÏobtained€an€arrest€warrant€for€Grady€Morris.€€Later€that€day,€Morris€was€spottedÏdriving€an€automobile.€€Several€officers€followed€him€until€he€stopped€at€theÏdefendant's€residence€on€¢Boatner£€Drive.€€Detective€Harold€Dean€¢Heaney£Ïtestified€that€he€ð ð[¢h]ad£€no€ideaðð€whose€residence€this€was€at€the€time.€€AlthoughÏthe€record€does€not€contain€the€arrest€warrant,€Detective€Roll€testified€at€theÏsuppression€hearing€that€they€had€Morris'€home€address.€€Morris€also€lived€onÏ¢Boatner£€Drive,€ð ðdown€the€streetðð€from€the€defendant.ÌÌà àThe€officers€watched€Morris€enter€the€defendant's€residence.€€DetectivesÏHeaney€and€Roll€went€to€the€front€door€and€announced€themselves.€€No€oneÏopened€the€door€but€they€heard€someone€in€the€house€running.€€The€defendantÏexited€the€back€ñ£ñœñ£ñdoor,€atñ£ñ›ñ£ññ£ññ£ñ€which€point€he€met€several€officers€including€DetectiveÏNorris€¢Tarkington£€with€his€gun€drawn.€€An€officer€asked€the€defendant€if€MorrisÏwas€inside€and€he€replied,€ð ðYes.ðð€€The€defendant€further€told€them€that€hisÏyounger€brother€might€also€be€inside.€€Detectives€Roll,€ñ£ñœñ£ñ¢ñ£ñœñ£ñHeaneyñ£ñ›ñ£ñ,£€andñ£ñ›ñ£ñ€Bill€¢Stroud£Ïentered€the€house€through€the€back€door€and€arrested€Morris.€€Detective€¢Stroud£Ïthen€searched€the€house€for€other€persons.€€During€this€search,€¢Stroud£€locatedÏsome€jewelry€lying€on€a€bed.€€The€defendant€was€taken€to€the€bedroom€and,Ïâ âupon€being€shown€the€jewelry,€stated€that€it€was€his€bedroom.€€Heaney€advisedÐ P7 26 Ðthe€defendant€of€his€rights,€and€the€defendant€made€incriminating€statements.€ÏThe€defendant€was€then€placed€under€arrest.Ìâ âÌà àThe€defendant€told€the€officers€that€ð ðhe€was€selling€the€jewelry€for€GradyÏMorrisðð€and€told€them€there€was€more€jewelry€in€the€room.€€Detective€¢Stroud£€thenÏsearched€the€room€and€found€more€jewelry€as€well€as€numerous€pawn€tickets€inÏthe€defendant's€and€Morris'€ñ£ñœñ£ñnames.ñ£ñ›ñ£ññ£ññ£ñ€€He€also€found€some€business€cards€andÏother€literature€connected€to€various€pawn€shops.€€¢Stroud£€found€no€cash€in€theÏdefendant's€house.ÌÌà àThe€defendant€also€told€the€officers€that€he€knew€about€the€guns€andÏknew€where€Morris€and€Guinn€had€put€them.€€The€defendant€subsequentlyÏaccompanied€the€officers€to€this€location€but€no€guns€were€found.€€The€policeÏthen€returned€to€the€defendant's€house€(with€the€defendant),€and€he€thenÏaccompanied€them€to€Morris'€house.€€The€officers€obtained€consent€to€searchÏMorris'€house€and€found€more€jewelry€and€a€large€amount€of€cash.€€After€thisÏsearch,€the€officers€took€the€defendant€to€the€Criminal€Justice€Center.ÌÌà àAfter€arriving€there,€¢Heaney£€¢readvised£€the€defendant€of€his€ñ£ñœñ£ñrights,€andñ£ñ›ñ£ññ£ññ£ñ€theÏdefendant€indicated€that€he€was€still€willing€to€talk.€€Heaney€testified€that€heÏð ðasked€[the€defendant]€if€he€wouldn't€mind€just€to€write€down€the€places€that€heÏhad€robbed€and,€also,€to€diagram€[them]€out€for€me.ðð€€Thirty€to€forty„five€minutesÏlater,€Heaney€returned€and€collected€a€handwritten€document€labelled€(by€theÏdefendant)€ð ðConfessionðð€and€two€hand„drawn€maps.€€Heaney€testified€that€theÏdiagrams€were€consistent€with€the€lay„outs€of€the€two€pawn€shops.€€TheÏdefendant's€ð ðConfessionðð€set€forth€the€following:ÌÓÓà àà8 æ àQuick€Cash€Pawn.€€Grady€Morris€and€Timothy€Guinn€wentÏinto€Quick€Cash€Pawn€while€I€waited€outside€in€the€car.€ÏAfter€about€5€¢min[utes£]€passed€I€thought€something€hadÏwent€wrong€and€I€entered.€€Grady€&€Timothy€were€the€onlyÏones€I€observed,€but€I€heard€a€woman€on€the€floor€(I€neverÏsaw).€€I€told€them€to€hurry€up€and€I€took€3€of€the€cases€ofÐ  :p59 Ðjewelry€and€came€out.€€About€20€seconds€after€me€the€twoÏfollowed€and€we€drove€off.Ð æ û!æ û! ÐÌà àà8 æ àCapitol€View€Pawn.€€I€was€supposed€to€go€in€and€just€lookÏaround;€after€about€2€¢min[utes£]€Tim€and€Grady€came€in€withÏthe€guns€along€with€Larry€¢Segance£€[sic]€(unarmed)€and€drewÏdown€on€the€workers.€€Larry€began€to€take€the€jewelry€andÏthen€I€began€to€help€him.€€Next,€we€left.€€(I€did€not€know€thisÏpawn€shop€was€to€be€robbed€on€that€day.)Ð æ û!æ û! ÐÌÓÓThis€document€concludes€with€the€defendant's€signature€and€the€date,€ð ð6/14.ððÌÌà àThe€officers€did€not€have€a€search€warrant€for€the€defendant's€residence.€ÏAt€the€suppression€hearing,€the€defendant€testified€that€the€officers€had€notÏasked€his€consent€to€enter€the€house.€€This€testimony€was€¢uncontroverted£.Ìà@JJ+Dàò òANALYSISó óˆÐ pÀ Ðà àIn€its€order€denying€the€defendant's€motion€to€suppress,€the€trial€courtÏaddressed€only€the€propriety€of€the€ð ðprotective€sweepðð€conducted€by€Detective€Ï¢Stroud£€in€searching€the€house€for€other€persons.€€The€trial€court€did€not€addressÏthe€¢warrantless£€entry€into€the€defendant's€residence€although€this€issue€wasÏraised€and€briefed€by€the€defendant.€€Accordingly,€our€review€of€this€issue€is€òòdeóóÐ Ð  Ðòònovoóó.€€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòState€v.€Doughertyóó,€930€S.W.2d€85,€86€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð °"  Ð1996).ÌÌà àThe€Fourth€Amendment€to€the€United€States€Constitution€provides€thatÏð ð[¢t]he£€right€of€the€people€to€be€secure€in€their€persons,€houses,€papers,€andÏeffects,€against€unreasonable€searches€and€seizures,€shall€not€be€violated.ðð€€òòSeeÐ ,`'* Ðalsoóó€Tenn.€Const.€ñ£ñœñ£ñart.ñ£ñ›ñ£ññ£ññ£ñ€I,€ðð€7.€€Accordingly,€warrantless€searches€and€seizuresÐ ð-@), Ðwithin€a€home€are€presumptively€unreasonable.€€òòSeeóó€òò¢Payton£€v.€New€Yorkóó,€445Ð Ð/ +. ÐU.S.€573,€586€(1980);€òòState€v.€Bartramóó,€925€S.W.2d€227,€229„30€(Tenn.€1996).€Ð °1-0 ÐAbsent€consent€or€exigent€circumstances,€police€officers€may€not€seek€theÏsubject€of€an€arrest€warrant€in€the€home€of€a€third€person€without€first€obtaining€aÏsearch€warrant.€€òòSeeóó€òò¢Steagald£€v.€United€Statesóó,€451€U.S.€204,€216€(1981);€òòStateÐ P7 26 Ðv.€Pattersonóó,€966€S.W.2d€435,€441„42€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997).€€ExigentÐ 09€48 Ðcircumstances€may€be€found€in€three€situations:€€ð ð(1)€when€the€officers€[are]€inÏhot€pursuit€of€a€fleeing€suspect;€(2)€when€the€suspect€represent[s]€an€immediateÏthreat€to€the€arresting€officers€or€the€public;€and€(3)€when€immediate€police€actionÏ[is]€necessary€to€prevent€the€destruction€of€vital€evidence€or€thwart€the€escape€ofÏknown€criminals.ðð€€òòJones€v.€Lewisóó,€874€F.2d€1125,€1130€(6th€Cir.€1989).€€ñ£ñœñ£ñBut,Ð 0 € Ðð ð[¢ñ£ñœñ£ñt]heñ£ñ›ñ£ñ£ñ£ñ›ñ£ñ€mere€existence€of€these€circumstances€does€not€necessarily€validate€aÏ¢warrantless£€search.€.€.€ñ£ñœñ£ñ.€€Thereñ£ñ›ñ£ññ£ññ£ñ€must€be€a€showing€by€those€asserting€theÏexception€[to€the€requirement€of€a€warrant]€that€the€exigencies€of€the€situationÏmade€the€search€imperative.€€The€burden€is€on€those€seeking€the€exception€toÏshow€the€need.ðð€€òòBartramóó,€925€S.W.2d€at€230.€€This€burden€is€a€ð ðheavyðð€one.€Ð à ÐòòWelsh€v.€Wisconsinóó,€466€U.S.€740,€749„50€(1984);€òòState€v.€Clarkóó,€844€S.W.2dÐ pÀ Ð597,€599€(Tenn.€1992).ÌÌà àThe€state€makes€no€contention€that€the€officers€obtained€the€defendant'sÏconsent€prior€to€entering€his€house.€€Rather,€it€merely€references€in€a€footnote€toÏits€brief€that€ð ðDetective€Roll's€testimony€was€not€clear€as€to€whether€or€not€FordÏgave€permission€for€detectives€to€enter€[his]€home.ðð€€The€record€of€the€motion€toÏsuppress€reveals€the€following€exchange€between€the€trial€court€and€DetectiveÏRoll:ÌÒÌ„ÒÓÓà àà8 æ àThe€Court:€€And€did€he€„„€do€you€know€if€[theÏdefendant]€gave€any€permission€to€go€in€and€getÏMorris?Ð æ ³æ ³ ÐÌà àà8 æ àDetective€Roll:€€(No€audible€response).Ð æ ³æ ³ ÐÌà àà8 æ àThe€Court:€€Or,€did€anybody€ask€him€forÏpermission?Ð æ ³æ ³ ÐÌà àà8 æ àDetective€Roll:€€Well,€there€again,€that€conversationÏhad€taken€place€with€Sergeant€¢Stromat£€before€IÏguess€„„Ð æ ³æ ³ ÐÌà àà8 æ àThe€Court:€€Heaney€was€in€the€back,€too?Ð æ ³æ ³ ÐÌà àà8 æ àDetective€Roll:€€Heaney€was€around€there€and€soÏwas€„„€uh€„„€Detective€Tarkington.Ð æ ³æ ³ ÐÌà àà æ à.€.€.€.€ÌÐ  :p59 Ðà àà8 æ àDetective€Roll:€€But,€Detective€Stroud€and€I€didn'tÏcome€to€around€back€until€.€.€.€a€short€period€ofÏtime€.€.€.€there€was€some€interaction€between€Mr.ÏFord€and€the€other€group€back€there.Ð æ ³æ ³ ÐÌà àà8 æ àThe€Court:€€Okay.€€So€.€.€.€Stromat€says€Ford€saysÏMorris€is€in€the€house?Ð æ ³æ ³ ÐÌà àà8 æ àDetective€Roll:€€Right.Ð æ ³æ ³ ÐÌà àà æ àThe€Court:€€And,€you€and€¢Stroud£€go€in€Ìà àà æ àto€get€him.ÌÌà àà æ àDetective€Roll:€€Yes,€sir.ÌÌÒ„ÌÒÓÓWe€do€not€agree€that€this€testimony€is€ñ£ñœñ£ñunclear;€itñ£ñ›ñ£ññ£ññ£ñ€is€simply€unhelpful.€€Moreover,Ïð ð[¢c]onsent£€to€enter€and€search€a€home€will€not€be€lightly€inferred,€nor€found€byÏmere€acquiescence€to€unlawful€authority.ðð€€òòClarkóó,€844€S.W.2d€at€599.€€None€ofÐ €Ð Ðthe€involved€detectives€ever€testified€that€they€had€gotten€the€defendant'sÏconsent€to€enter€his€residence.€€Indeed,€the€only€evidence€in€the€record€on€thisÏissue€is€to€the€contrary.€ÌÌà àSince€there€is€no€proof€that€the€defendant€consented€to€the€entry€andÏsearch€of€his€home,€the€state€argues€that€the€officers'€actions€were€acceptableÏbecause€ð ðexigent€circumstances€were€presentðð€in€that€the€officers€were€ð ðin€hotÏpursuit€of€a€dangerous€individual.ðð€€We€disagree.€€Although€law€enforcementÏofficers€may€enter€homes€without€search€warrants€when€they€are€in€ð ðhot€pursuitððÏof€a€fleeing€suspect,€€òòseeóó€òòUnited€States€v.€Santanaóó,€427€U.S.€38,€42„43€(1976),Ð @)$' Ðthere€is€no€proof€in€the€record€before€us€that€Morris€was€ð ðfleeingðð€anyone€orÏanything.€€Not€only€was€there€no€proof€that€Morris€had€just€committed€a€crime,¢×ƒ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ףР-P(+ ÐDetective€Roll€testified€that€Morris€had€had€a€court€date€on€June€14€and€that€theyÏbegan€surveillance€when€he€was€spotted€ð ðleaving€the€courtroom.ðð€€òòCf.óó€Ô‡XÉjXXXÉjÔòòWelshóó,Ð À0,/ Ð466€U.S.€at€740€(holding€that€ð ðthe€claim€of€hot€pursuit€is€unconvincing€[where]Ïthere€was€not€immediate€or€continuous€pursuit€of€the€petitioner€from€the€scene€ofÏa€crime.ðð).€€Ô#†XÉjXXXÉj_?#ÔNor€was€there€any€proof€that€Morris€knew€he€was€being€followedÐ `6°15 Ðwhen€he€entered€the€defendant's€house€or€that€he€did€so€in€an€attempt€to€evadeÏthe€officers€following€him.€€It€is€the€state's€burden€to€demonstrate€why€the€officersÏdid€not€obtain€a€search€warrant€prior€to€entering€the€defendant's€home,€and€theyÏcan€point€to€no€evidence€in€the€record€which€justifies€their€decision€to€ignore€thisÏconstitutional€requirement.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€¢warrantless£€entry€into€the€defendant's€residenceÐ 0 € Ðand€the€subsequent€search€were,€therefore,€in€violation€of€his€constitutionalÏrights.ÌÌà àWhere€evidence€has€been€obtained€directly€or€derivatively€from€an€illegalÏsearch,€the€exclusionary€rule€may€operate€to€bar€its€admissibility.€€òòSeeóó€òòWongÐ à ÐSun€v.€United€Statesóó,€371€U.S.€471,€484„85€Ô% € Ô(1963);€òòClarkóó,€844€S.W.2d€at€600.€Ð pÀ Ðð ðHowever,€it€has€long€been€recognized€that€evidence€obtained€by€meansÏgenuinely€independent€of€the€constitutional€violation€is€not€subject€to€theÏexclusionary€rule.ðð€€òòClarkóó,€844€S.W.2d€at€600.Ð ` ÐÌà àIn€this€case,€the€evidence€that€the€defendant€wants€suppressed€includesÏthe€jewelry€and€related€items€found€in€his€home€and€his€subsequent€oralÏstatements€and€written€confession.€€We€agree€that€the€property€found€by€theÏpolice€in€the€defendant's€home€incident€to€their€arrest€of€Morris,€together€with€theÏstatements€made€by€the€defendant€when€confronted€with€these€items,€shouldÏhave€been€suppressed.€€This€evidence€was€obtained€as€a€direct€result€of€theÏofficers'€illegal€entry€into€the€defendant's€home€and€their€subsequent€searchÏthereof.׃Ð×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð ð-@), Ðâ âÐ Ð/ +. Ðà àThis€is€not€all€of€the€evidence€against€the€defendant,€however.€€AfterÏâ âarresting€him€in€his€home,€the€police€eventually€took€the€defendant€down€to€theÏCriminal€Justice€Center.€€He€subsequently€signed€a€waiver€of€rights€and€providedÏa€written€statement€in€which€he€admitted€to€participating€in€the€robberies€of€¢Kwik£Ï¢Kash£€Pawn€and€Capitol€View€Pawn.€€He€also€provided€diagrams€of€these€twoÏestablishments.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€What€remains€to€be€determined,€then,€is€whether€this€evidenceÐ `  Ðis€ð ðfruit€of€the€poisonous€treeðð€and€must€therefore€also€be€suppressed.€€òòSeeóóÐ ð@  ÐòòÔ‡XÉjXXXÉjÔBrown€v.€Illinoisóó,€422€U.S.€590,€602„03€(1975)Ô#†XÉjXXXÉj¶J#Ô;€òòWong€Sunóó,€371€U.S.€at€484„86;Ð Ð  Ðòòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€¢Huddleston£óó,€924€S.W.2d€666,€674€(Tenn.€1996).€€In€otherÐ ° Ðwords,€we€must€determine€whether€the€defendant's€self„labeled€ð ðconfessionðð€wasÏobtained€by€exploitation€of€the€illegal€entry€and€search,€or€whether€it€resultedÏfrom€ð ðan€intervening€independent€act€of€a€free€willðð€sufficient€to€ð ðpurge€theÏprimary€taint€of€the€unlawful€invasion.ðð€€òòœWong›€Sunóó,€371€U.S.€at€486.€Ð 0€ Ðñ®ñœñ®ñÒä 4Òñ«ññªñÒÌ„Òñªññ«ññ¬ññ«ñÒ4„Òñ«ññ¬ññ­ññ¬ñÒ„Òñ¬ññ­ññ®ññ­ñÒÜ„Òñ­ññ®ññ¯ññ®ñÒŒ „Òñ®ññ¯ññ´ññ¯ñÒ4„Òñ¯ññ´ññ´ñÒ¼„Òñ´ñÓÓÓ6Œ Ü4å ŒY\+4„‚X ‹Y¬&¹&K6ÓœThe›€question€whether€a€confession€is€the€product€of€aÏfree€will€under€òòWong€Sunóó€must€be€answered€on€œtheñ°ñÐ P Ðñ°ññ±ñÐ P Ðñ±ñfacts›€of€each€case.€€No€single€fact€is€¢dispositive£.€€TheÏworkings€of€the€human€mind€are€too€complex,€and€theÏpossibilities€of€misconduct€too€diverse,€to€œpermitñ²ñÏñ²ññ³ñÏñ³ñprotection›€of€the€Fourth€Amendment€to€turn€on€.€.€.€[the]Ï¢talismanic£€test€[of€whether€the€defendant€€receivedÏòòMirandaóó€warnings€prior€to€making€his€confession.]Ð  #ð! 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