ÿWPCK æ~áòᦺ'1<î`™Õú¯2rOí³>Ÿ­±˜öl/Óm'®7¹Rfãj_˜·†á—À5“ñ{ip˜ÀûøYb¦ÊyÒ±;yÿõ¡J vR6_ û;«¤FZm®Y9¸€»Ÿ´¨DIgÙRXÔ‚Sù"¦T¾6àDT‡˜×Ê™.ÄÔèÕ}èüç­øå@uÜXçÜ™û`{•—`¸øË^«RÌByúBYù¯îª†Ù![Ùö6ÙXbÂfp»ÑР݀èSØ}_Šû©´½ ¦è~³êÖ2¹º–ÆHÑ”ylÐGäÂgòq1§Åczdµy@Ì৞f<(Õ5÷ˆ±“æ Ç#d—å Ð?p¾êH¹ÈŸG®á¡òt2Ý‹Ò&{Ú o‹QD ;§üí01PA-‰”áÆm>Þšu·üÊÛbÍ4Ô]# ÑúËÄ¡ ‘b¾1/£•ümÕl°•K“¢YdoÄÐäãy"æ›ËîN*µWmu¸åã¡éÓmÞJVå “ q1©˜s™”ÊN!/œ »È¤âþ\÷̬þg½Iù›™3Uz”¯£þ¯ú}Ê/>¥\$EVƒô‚X(X,(+ d‘ËéÏRŠœ…AÛãCÕ…# F U:Q %‹ 0¸‘ 4I ] l 0üt 0Dp´Òçýw@ 0DR–õ¬ 0ë¡ D3ŒU:¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿bùùùùùù B 0D 0Dbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb AO¦Æõõ 0D» D/ÿ B.˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLÐ, øð AZ‹"Arial RegularX( 7$¡¡Ò°ÒÒ„°ÒÑ` ` ÑÓÓÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑýhµ&3|x‡6(¬(3T6$¤¤Ý ƒ 7!ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÑ` °ÑÓÓÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó Ô€XÂXXXÔÔ€îÅîîXXÂÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€ûðîîÅîÔÐ  ÐÌò òJune€28,€1999Ð ¶¶ ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ôc–ôûðÔAppellate€CourtÐ –– ÐClerkó ó Ñ  Ñ Ñ ° Ñ Ñ  Ñ s6Dt6u6v6Dw6x6Ey6z6{6D|6Ó€($Ó$‘‘òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó Ñ ¼ Ñ ëÝ ƒT6$ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÓÓà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€The€transcript€of€the€audio€tape€of€the€alleged€drug€transaction€with€theÐ ¼ Ðdefendant€does€not€reflect€this.€€The€transcript€reveals€that€Ms.€Herron€asked€AgentÏRichardson:€€ð ðSo,€what€do€you€want€me€to€do€here?€€Davidððs€in€here.€€Do€you€wantÏme€to€deal€with€David?€€Or....ðð€€Then,€Agent€Richardson€replied€by€saying,€ð ðYeah,Ïthatððd€be€fine.ðð(¬3 ‰$¥¥Ý ƒ 7!ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÑ` °ÑÓÓÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÝ  ÝÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.****'ÿÿdxd,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular- ù- d(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý6ûb$Triangleððà0 à€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ 7!ÝÒ°ÒÒ„°ÒÑ` °ÑÓÓÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÝ  ݛр$ÑÑ7€ÂXXdæXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÑ€ P¸ÑÑ€ P¸ÑÑ€ OYÑÑ€ÏZÑñ|6ñœßr€ <,(j 8 `€€@E<f  tt0"t` ¨Ørß›ñ|6ñIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ `  ÐÌAT€KNOXVILLEÌÌJANUARY€1999€SESSIONÌÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à h àà À àà  à)à p àC.C.A.€NO.€€03C01„9805„CC„00186Ð v  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àÐ \ü  Ðà ` àAppelleeà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àBRADLEY€COUNTYà Ð àÐ Bâ  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìv.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àHON.€CARROLL€L.€ROSS,Ð ®  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àJUDGEÐ ô”  ÐALFRED€ð ðCHUCKIEðð€FRANCIS,à À àà  à)Ð Úz  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p à(Sale€of€Crack€Cocaine)Ð À` Ѐà ` àDefendant/Appellantà À àà  à)à p àÐ ¦F ÐÌÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóóà h àà À àà  àà p àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEE€óóÐ $Ä ÐÌJerry€Hofferà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àJohn€Knox€WalkupÐ ð Ð275€North€Ocoee€Streetà h àà À àà  àà p àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÐ Öv ÐSuite€CÌCleveland,€TN€€37311à h àà À àà  àà p àTodd€R.€KelleyÐ ¢!B Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à2d€Floor,€Cordell€Hull€BuildingÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ f5,1 ÐÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌJOHN€K.€BYERSÌñ|6ñÑ P¸ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ P¸ÑÑ  ÑÑ  Ññ|6ñSENIOR€JUDGEÐ °;P28S ÐÑ P¸ÑÑ  ÑÑ  Ññ|6ñÑ P¸ÑÑ  ÑÑ  Ññ|6ñÓ  Óò òòòO€P€I€N€I€O€Nóóó óÐ `  ÐÓ  ÓÌÓÓà ` àOn€September€4,€1997,€the€defendant€was€found€guilty€in€a€jury€trial€of€theÏsale€of€crack€cocaine€over€.5€grams.€€The€trial€court€found€the€defendant€to€be€aÏRange€II,€multiple€offender€and€sentenced€him€to€eighteen€years€in€the€TennesseeÏDepartment€of€Corrections.€€This€sentence€was€to€be€served€consecutive€to€any€timeÏthe€defendant€had€to€serve€for€crimes€committed€in€Oklahoma.€€The€jury€fined€theÏdefendant€$25,000.Ìà ` àThe€defendant€raises€the€following€issues€on€appeal:ÌÒ` ÒÓÓI.à ¸ àWhether€the€trial€court€failed€to€grant€appellantððs€request€for€a€mistrial€Ð Æf Ðà ¸ àafter€the€confidential€informant€testified€that€she€first€met€appellant€à (# àÐ ¬L Ðà ¸ àafter€appellantððs€release€from€prison.ÌÌII.à ¸ àWhether€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€allowing€trial€counsel€to€withdraw€Ð ^þ Ðà ¸ àas€attorney€of€record€after€trial€counsel€and€appellant€indicated€the€à (# àÐ Dä Ðà ¸ àneed€for€withdrawal.ÌÌIII.à ¸ àWhether€the€evidence€produced€at€trial€was€sufficient€to€support€the€Ð ö– Ðà ¸ àverdict.ÌÌIV.à ¸ àWhether€the€trial€court€erred€in€allowing€two€convictions€to€be€used€Ð ¨!H Ðà ¸ àas€impeachment€against€the€appellant.ÌÌThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.ÌÌÒ` <ÒÓÓÓ  Óò òBACKGROUNDó óÐ &&Æ  ÐÓ  Óà ` àThe€evidence€presented€by€the€State€at€trial€consisted€of€the€testimony€ofÏGary€M.€Hicks,€a€detective€with€the€Cleveland€Police€Department;€Nettie€Herron,€aÏconfidential€informant;€James€Richardson,€an€agent€with€the€Tennessee€AlcoholicÏBeverage€Commission;€John€Lea,€an€officer€with€the€Cleveland€Police€Department;ÏDavid€Brown,€a€forensic€chemist€with€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigations€(TBI);Ïand€another€man€by€the€name€of€David€Brown,€an€acquaintance€of€the€defendant.Ìà ` àGary€M.€Hicks€testified€that€he€is€in€charge€of€the€special€investigations€unit€atÏthe€Cleveland€Police€Department.€€Detective€Hicks€explained€that€he€has€receivedÏspecial€training€in€drug€investigation€and€that€he€has€been€involved€in€severalÏñ|6ñÑÏZÑѼ` ÑÑ  Ññ|6ñundercover€drug€operations.€€As€a€result€of€this€work,€he€was€introduced€to€NettieÏñ|6ñÑÏZÑѼ` ÑÑ  Ññ|6ñHerron,€who€acted€as€the€confidential€informant€in€this€case.€€Detective€HicksÐ ö9–06 ÐÑÏZÑѼ` ÑÑ  Ññ|6ñÑÏZÑѼ` ÑÑ  ÑÑÏZÑѼ` ÑÑ  Ññ|6ñtestified€that€Ms.€Herron€was€not€acting€as€a€confidential€informant€because€she€hadÏcharges€of€her€own€pending,€as€is€sometimes€the€case€with€confidential€informants.€ÏOn€cross€examination,€he€admitted€that€Ms.€Herron€had€been€convicted€ofÏshoplifting€and€that€she€had€never€had€a€steady€job.Ìà ` àDetective€Hicks€testified€that€on€February€21,€1996€he€met€with€Ms.€HerronÏand€other€agents,€including€James€Richardson,€to€discuss€the€drug€operation€thatÏthey€planned€to€conduct€that€night.€€He€described€how€he€wired€Ms.€Herron€with€aÏradio€transmitter€and€how€he€searched€her€prior€to€the€wiring.€€He€stated€that€heÏtested€the€equipment€before€she€left€and€that€it€was€working€properly.€€DetectiveÏHicks€explained€that€Agent€Richardson€drove€Ms.€Herron€to€the€target€location€onÏWildwood€Avenue€and€that€he€monitored€and€recorded€the€transaction€as€it€wasÏaired€over€the€radio€transmitter.Ìà ` àDetective€Hicks€stated€that€parts€of€the€audio€tape€that€recorded€the€drugÏtransaction€of€February€21,€1996€are€difficult€to€hear€and€understand.€€He€testifiedÏthat€he€is€able€to€recognize€several€voices€on€the€tape€but€that€he€did€not€recognizeÏthe€voice€of€the€defendant.€€He€recognized€the€voice€of€David€Brown€because€heÏhad€bought€crack€cocaine€from€him€on€three€prior€occasions;€the€voices€œofñ{6ñ€theñ{6ñ›€PortiaÏand€Cissie€Francis,€the€defendantððs€two€sisters,€because€he€knew€them€asÏindividuals;€and€the€voices€of€Nettie€Herron€and€Agent€Richardson.€€Detective€HicksÏfurther€stated€that€neither€he€nor€any€other€agents€involved€in€the€case€accompaniedÏMs.€Herron€into€the€apartment€or€witnessed€the€defendant€enter€or€leave€theÏapartment€on€Wildwood€Avenue.Ìà ` àNettie€Herron€testified€that€she€worked€as€a€confidential€informant€for€theÏCleveland€Police€Department.€€She€became€involved€in€this€work€after€she€becameÏaware€of€the€drug€problem€in€her€neighborhood.€€She€explained€that€she€decided€toÏclean€up€her€neighborhood€after€a€man€tried€to€sell€drugs€to€her€sixteen€year€oldÏdaughter.€€Ms.€Herron€admitted€that€she€had€a€theft€charge€and€a€suspendedÐ <9€48 ÐÑ P¸ÑÑ  ÑÑ  Ññ{6ñÑ P¸ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ P¸ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ P¸ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ P¸ÑÑ  ÑÑ  Ññ{6ñlicense,€but€she€stated€that€these€were€not€the€reasons€why€she€worked€as€aÏconfidential€informant.ÌÑ P¸ÑÑ  ÑÑ  Ññm6ñÑ P¸ÑÑ  ÑÑ  Ññm6ñà ` àMs.€Herron€testified€that€she€knew€most€of€the€people€that€she€madeÏâ âundercover€buys€from,€either€from€growing€up€around€them€or€living€next€to€them.€€ÏIn€this€case,€Ms.€Herron€explained€that€she€became€acquainted€with€the€defendantÏthrough€his€sister€Portia€Francis€with€whom€she€used€to€associate.€€She€furtherÏstated€that€she€met€the€defendant€once€after€he€was€released€from€jail.Ìà ` àMs.€Herron€testified€that€on€February€21,€1996€she€was€wired,€searched,Ïgiven€money,€and€driven€to€the€apartment€on€Wildwood€Avenue.€€She€explained€thatÏshe€and€Agent€Richardson€discussed€that€she€should€make€the€buy€from€theÏdefendant€rather€than€David€Brown.׃×Ý ƒ #ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Ms.€Herron€testified€that€she€entered€theÐ ` Ðapartment€alone€and€purchased€six€rocks€of€cocaine€from€the€defendant.€€She€thenÏtestified€that€she€left€the€apartment,€returned€to€the€vehicle,€and€gave€AgentÏRichardson€the€six€rocks€of€cocaine.€€Finally,€Ms.€Herron€testified€that€she€reviewedÏthe€audio€tape€of€the€drug€transaction€for€accuracy€and€that€she€could€identify€theÏvoices€of€the€defendant,€Portia€Francis,€Cissie€Francis,€David€Brown,€and€AgentÏRichardson.Ìà ` àJames€Richardson,€an€agent€with€the€Tennessee€Alcoholic€BeverageÏCommission,€testified€that€on€February€21,€1996€he€drove€Ms.€Herron€to€theÏapartment€on€Wildwood,€gave€her€$120.00€to€buy€drugs,€and€told€her€to€make€theÏbuy€from€the€defendant€because€he€was€the€target€of€the€investigation.€€AgentÏRichardson€testified€that€he€watched€Ms.€Herron€enter€the€apartment,€saw€her€exitÏthe€apartment,€witnessed€her€enter€his€vehicle,€received€the€rock€cocaine€from€her,Ïand€then€delivered€the€rock€cocaine€to€Detective€Hicks.€€Agent€Richardson€statedÏthat€he€did€not€see€the€defendant€that€night.Ìà ` àJohn€Lea,€a€property€and€evidence€officer€with€the€Cleveland€PoliceÏDepartment,€testified€that€he€received€a€substance€that€was€marked€as€evidenceÏâ âagainst€the€defendant€and€delivered€it€to€the€crime€lab€in€Chattanooga.€€After€testingÐ ¨1ì,2 ÐÑ OYÑÑ°¼ÑÑ  Ññm6ñÑ OYÑÑ°¼ÑÑ  Ññm6ñwas€concluded,€Officer€Lea€picked€up€the€evidence€and€returned€it€to€the€ClevelandÏñm6ñÑ OYÑÑ°¼ÑÑ  Ññm6ñPolice€Department.€Ìâ âà ` àDavid€Brown,€an€agent€with€the€TBI,€testified€that€he€works€as€a€forensicÏchemist€in€the€Chattanooga€Regional€Laboratory.€€Agent€Brown€explained€that€heÏreceived€a€package€marked€as€evidence€against€the€defendant€from€Officer€Lea€ofÏthe€Cleveland€Police€Department.€€Agent€Brown€tested€the€contents€of€the€packageÏand€found€a€rock„like€substance,€which€he€determined€to€be€a€cocaine€base,€ÏSchedule€II,€with€a€weight€of€.6€grams.Ìà ` àThe€State€also€called€another€man€named€David€Brown,€who€is€anÏacquaintance€of€the€defendant.€€Mr.€Brown€stated€that€he€knew€Nettie€Herron€fromÏselling€drugs€to€her€in€the€past.€€He€testified€that€he€does€not€recall€the€events€ofÏFebruary€21,€1996€and€that€he€does€not€remember€being€with€the€defendant€thatÏnight.€€Mr.€Brown€further€testified€that€he€did€not€know€the€defendant€to€sell€drugs.Ìà ` àThe€defendant€presented€an€alibi€defense€to€the€jury.€€The€defendantððs€proofÏat€trial€consisted€of€the€testimony€of€Audrey€Moore,€his€friend;€David€Brown,€hisÏacquaintance;€and€Antoinette€ð ðCissieðð€Francis,€his€sister;€as€well€as€his€ownÏtestimony.€€Ìà ` àAudrey€Moore€testified€that€she€spent€the€entire€evening€of€February€21,€1996Ïwith€the€defendant.€€She€explained€that€she€picked€the€defendant€up€at€MosebyÏPark€in€Cleveland€at€5:00€p.m.€€Then,€Ms.€Moore€and€the€defendant€went€toÏChattanooga€where€they€had€dinner€and€stopped€at€a€liquor€store.€€When€theyÏreturned€to€Cleveland€at€10:00€p.m.,€Ms.€Moore€and€the€defendant€checked€into€aÏRed€Carpet€Inn.€€Ms.€Moore€testified€that€the€next€morning€around€11:15€a.m.€sheÏtook€the€defendant€to€his€wifeððs€house€so€that€he€and€his€wife€could€leave€town€toÏcelebrate€his€mother„in„lawððs€birthday.Ìà ` àThe€defense€recalled€David€Brown.€€Mr.€Brown€testified€that€he€had€beenÏconvicted€of€selling€rock€cocaine€either€at€the€home€of€Cissie€Francis€or€just€outsideÏher€home€in€February€1996.€€Mr.€Brown€again€testified€that€he€did€not€rememberÏâ âseeing€the€defendant€at€the€apartment€on€the€night€of€February€21,€1996.Ð 7P28 Ðà ` àAntoinette€ð ðCissieðð€Francis,€the€defendantððs€sister,€testified€that€she€lived€inÏâ âan€apartment€on€Wildwood€Avenue€in€February€1996.€€Ms.€Francis€testified€that€Ms.ÏHerron,€the€confidential€informant,€has€a€reputation€for€dishonesty€in€the€communityÏand€that€she€is€not€honest€in€her€own€opinion.€€She€stated€that€her€brother€has€neverÏsold€drugs€out€of€her€apartment.€€She€also€stated€that€her€brotherððs€voice€was€not€onÏthe€audio€tape€of€the€alleged€drug€transaction.€€Ms.€Francis€testified€that€she€hasÏbeen€evicted€from€her€apartment€but€that€there€is€no€proof€that€drugs€were€beingÏsold€there.€€€€€Ìà ` àWhen€the€defendant€testified€at€trial,€he€stated€that€he€spent€the€entire€nightÏof€February€21,€1996€with€Audrey€Moore€in€a€hotel.€€The€defendant€stated€that€heÏhas€never€sold€crack€cocaine€and€that€he€did€not€sell€crack€cocaine€on€the€night€ofÏFebruary€21,€1996.€€The€defendant€further€stated€that€he€has€never€used€crackÏcocaine€and€that€he€has€never€been€in€a€crack€house.€€The€defendant€admitted€thatÏhe€had€previously€pled€guilty€to€grand€larceny€and€two€counts€of€aggravated€robberyÏbecause€he€was€responsible€for€committing€those€crimes.Ìà ` àIn€rebuttal,€the€State€recalled€Detective€Hicks€to€the€stand.€€Detective€HicksÏtestified€that€in€his€capacity€as€a€police€officer€he€had€seen€the€defendant€in€a€crackÏhouse€once€before.Ìò òÓ  ÓDENIAL€OF€REQUEST€FOR€A€MISTRIALó óÐ %X $ ÐÓ 5Óà ` àThe€defendant€argues€that€it€was€error€for€the€trial€court€to€deny€a€request€forÏa€mistrial€after€Ms.€Herron,€the€confidential€informant,€testified€that€she€met€theÏdefendant€after€he€was€released€from€jail.€€The€defendant€says€that€prior€to€thisÏstatement€he€had€decided€not€to€testify€but€that€after€the€statement€he€felt€forced€toÏtell€the€jury€why€he€had€been€in€jail.Ìà ` àAfter€the€statement€by€Ms.€Herron,€counsel€for€the€defendant€objected€andÏrequested€a€mistrial.€€The€trial€judge€immediately€conducted€a€jury€out€hearing€and€Ïdenied€the€request€for€a€mistrial.€€The€trial€judge€based€this€ruling€on€the€followingÏreasoning:ÌÒ` Æ6ÒÓÞ6ÓAnd€Iððm€going€to€hold€that€it€was€not€grounds€for€a€mistrial€because€it€wasÏresponsive€as€to€why€she€did€not€know€this€particular€defendant.€€He€hadÏbeen€somewhere€and€thatððs€where€he€had€been.€€Again,€I€canððt€„„€itððs€notÏbrought€in€by€her€to€show€necessarily€any€prior€conviction€and€thatððs€theÐ ¾95; Ðreason€Iððm€going€to€let€it€in.€€For€identity€purposes,€she€was€testifying€she€justÏhad€met€him€recently€and€she€didnððt€know€him€before€then€because€heððd€justÏgotten€out€of€jail,€as€I€understand€her€testimony.€€So€for€the€record,€thatððs€whyÏI€overruled€your€objection€on€the€mistrial.ÌÌÒ` ë7ÒÓý7ÓLater,€the€trial€judge€issued€the€following€curative€instruction€to€the€jury:ÌÒ` ÒÓÓLadies€and€gentleman,€I€want€to€advise€you€at€this€time€that€during€the,€duringÏthe€testimony€of€the€last€witness,€mention€was€made€of€the€fact€that€she€hadÏjust€met€the€defendant€because€he€had€just€been€released€from€jail.€€You€areÏto€consider€this€evidence€only€for€the€purpose€of€knowing€why€she€may€notÏhave€known€him€previously.€€This€information€may€not€be€used€by€you€in€anyÏway€in€determining€his€guilt€or€innocence€of€this€particular€charge.ÌÌÒ` ý:ÒÓ ;Óà ` àThe€general€rule€is€that€a€mistrial€should€be€declared€if€there€is€manifestÏnecessity€warranting€such€action€by€the€trial€judge.€€òòArnold€v.€State,óó€563€S.W.2dÐ ` Ð792,€794€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1977).€€The€decision€of€whether€to€grant€a€mistrial€willÏnot€be€overturned€on€appeal€unless€there€was€an€abuse€of€discretion.€€òòState€v.Ð ¬ü ÐSeay,óó€945€S.W.2d€755,€764€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.)€(citation€omitted),€ñm6ñœñm6ñòòapp.ñm6ñ›ñm6ñ€ñm6ñœñm6ñdeniedÐ |Ì Ðóó(Tenn.ñm6ñ›ñm6ñ€1996).Ð Lœ Ðà ` àIn€this€case,€Ms.€Herronððs€statement€was€the€only€reference€in€the€StateððsÏproof€to€the€defendantððs€previous€incarceration.€€Further,€it€does€not€appear€from€theÏrecord€that€the€State€surreptitiously€elicited€testimony€from€Ms.€Herron€about€hisÏprevious€incarceration.€€We€find€that€Ms.€Herronððs€statement€did€not€amount€toÏmanifest€necessity€and€that€the€trial€judge€did€not€abuse€his€discretion€in€failing€to€Ïgrant€a€mistrial.€€Ìà ` àMoreover,€the€trial€judge€cured€any€potential€error€by€instructing€the€jury€not€toÏconsider€the€unsolicited€statement.€€òòSee€State€v.€West,óó€767€S.W.2d€387,€397€(Tenn.Ð ¬(ü#( Ð1989),€òòcert.€deniedóó€497€U.S.€1010€(1990).€€A€jury€is€presumed€to€follow€a€trial€courtððsÐ |*Ì%* Ðcurative€instruction.€€òòState€v.€Johnson,óó€762€S.W.2d€110,€116€(Tenn.€1988)€(citationÐ L,œ', Ðomitted),€òòcert.€deniedóó€489€U.S.€1091€(1989).€€Ð .l). Ðò òÓ  ÓDENIAL€OF€MOTION€TO€WITHDRAWó óÐ ì/<+0 ÐÓCÓà ` àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€not€allowing€trial€counselÏto€withdraw€as€attorney€of€record€after€trial€counsel€and€the€defendant€indicated€theÏneed€for€withdrawal.€€Trial€counsel€requested€to€withdraw€as€attorney€of€record€onÏâ âtwo€occasions,€once€before€trial€and€once€at€trial.€€The€trial€court€denied€bothÐ (7x28 Ðmotions.€€The€defendant€also€made€several€requests€for€a€different€lawyer,€but€theÏtrial€court€denied€his€requests.Ìâ âà ` àThe€trial€court€may,€upon€good€cause€shown,€permit€the€withdrawal€of€anÏattorney€appointed€to€represent€an€indigent€defendant€in€a€criminal€case.€€œòòñs6ñSeeñs6ñóóñs6ñ›€ñs6ñTenn.›Ð  d ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€œ40„14„205ñn6ñ(a)ñn6ñ.›€€Further,€the€trial€court€has€wide€discretion€in€mattersÏregarding€the€appointment€and€relief€of€counsel,€and€its€action€will€not€be€œsño6ñetño6ññp6ñideñp6ñ›€asideÏon€appeal€unless€a€plain€abuse€of€that€discretion€is€shown.€€òòState€v.€Rubio,óó€746Ð xÈ  ÐS.W.2d€732,€737€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).Ìà ` àWe€find€nothing€in€the€record€that€would€have€required€the€withdrawal€ofÏcounsel€in€this€case.€€òòSeeóó€Supreme€Court€Rule€8,€DR€2„110.€€Further,€the€trial€judgeÐ à0 Ðdid€not€abuse€his€discretion€in€failing€to€grant€the€requests€for€withdrawal€by€trialÏcounsel€or€the€defendant.€€€€€€€Ìà ` àThe€defendant€also€infers€that€the€trial€courtððs€denial€of€the€requests€forÏwithdrawal€amounted€to€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel.€€However,€the€defendantÏfails€to€explain€how€trial€counselððs€performance€was€deficient€or€how€he€wasÏprejudiced€by€the€purported€deficient€performance.€€òòSee€Strickland€v.€Washington,óóÐ ¬ü Ð466€U.S.€668,€686€(1984).€€Moreover,€we€find€that€trial€counselððs€performance€wasÏwithin€the€range€of€competence€required€of€attorneys€in€criminal€cases.€€œòòñt6ñSee€ñt6ñBaxter›Ð H#˜" Ðv.€Rose,óó€523€S.W.2d€930,€936€(Tenn.€1975).€€In€fact,€we€note€that€the€trial€judgeÐ %h $ Ðmade€the€following€comments€to€trial€counsel:€€ð ð[You€are]€doing€a€good€jobðð€and€ð ðIÏcanððt€imagine€anything€that€could€have€been€done€that€hasnððt€been€done.ðð€ÌÓ  Óò òSUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEó óÐ €*Ð%* ÐÓ  Óà ` àThe€defendant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€to€support€the€Ïconviction€for€the€sale€of€crack€cocaine€over€.5€grams.€€He€specifically€contends€thatÏthere€was€no€proof,€other€than€the€biased€testimony€of€the€confidential€informant,€toÏsupport€the€conviction.Ìà ` àWhen€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€is€challenged,€the€standard€of€review€isÏwhether,€after€considering€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€anyÏrational€trier€of€fact€could€find€the€accused€guilty€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonableÏdoubt.€€òòState€v.€Duncan,óó€698€S.W.2d€63,€67€(Tenn.€1985),€òòcert.€denied,óó€475€U.S.Ð ì8<4: Ð1031€(1986).€€Furthermore,€ð ða€jury€verdict€approved€by€the€trial€judge€accredits€theÏtestimony€of€the€witnesses€for€the€State€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€theÏStateððs€theory.ðð€€òòState€v.€Williams,óó€657€S.W.2d€405,€410€(Tenn.€1983),€òòcert.€denied,Ð H˜ Ðóó465€U.S.€1073€(1984);€òòState€v.€Grace,óó€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973).Ð  h Ðà ` àOn€appeal,€the€State€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€theÏevidence€and€all€reasonable€inferences€that€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.Ð ´   ÐCabbage,óó€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€Moreover,€this€Court€may€notÐ „Ô  Ðreweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòId.óó€Ð T¤  Ðà ` àA€finding€of€guilt€against€the€defendant€removes€the€presumption€ofÏinnocence€and€raises€a€presumption€of€guilt€on€appeal.€€òòGrace,óó€493€S.W.2d€at€476.€Ð ð@ ÐIt€is€the€defendant€who€must€overcome€this€presumption€of€guilt€and€carry€theÏburden€of€demonstrating€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient.€€òòWilliams,óó€657€S.W.2d€atÐ ŒÜ Ð410.Ìà ` àThe€jury€found€the€defendant€guilty€of€the€sale€of€cocaine€over€.5€grams€Ïpursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„17„417(a)(3),€(c)(1).€€The€evidence€presented€atÏtrial,€which€included€direct,€scientific,€and€circumstantial€evidence,€showed€that€theÏdefendant€sold€.6€grams€of€crack€cocaine€to€Ms.€Herron€for€$120.00.€€We€find€thisÏevidence€supports€the€verdict€of€the€jury€finding€the€defendant€guilty€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt.€€Further,€the€defendant€did€not€carry€the€burden€of€proving€thatÏthis€evidence€was€insufficient.Ìò òÓ  ÓADMISSIBILITY€OF€IMPEACHMENT€EVIDENCEó óÐ ¼( $( ÐÓmUÓà ` àFinally,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€allowing€the€StateÏto€use€two€previous€convictions€for€aggravated€robbery€as€impeachment€evidence€Ïagainst€him.€€Essentially,€the€defendant€says€that€aggravated€robbery€is€a€crime€ofÏviolence€and€therefore€has€ð ðlittle€or€no€direct€bearing€on€honesty€or€veracity.ðð€€òòSeeÐ ø/H+0 ÐState€v.€Barnard,óó€899€S.W.2d€617,€622€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.)€(citation€omitted),€ñm6ñœñm6ñòòapp.ñm6ñ›ñm6ñÐ È1-2 Ðdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1994).€Ð ˜3è.4 Ðà ` àThis€issue€is€governed€by€Rule€609€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Evidence.€ÏAccording€to€Rule€609,€the€State€may€use€a€prior€conviction€to€impeach€theÏtestimony€of€the€accused€in€a€criminal€prosecution€if:€€Ð 9P4: ÐÒ` ÒÓÓ(a)€the€conviction€was€for€a€crime€that€is€punishable€by€death€or€imprisonmentÏin€excess€of€one€(1)€year€or€a€misdemeanor€involving€dishonesty€or€a€falseÏstatement,€Tenn.R.Evid.€609(a)(2),€(b)€less€than€ten€(10)€years€have€elapsedÏbetween€the€date€the€accused€was€released€from€confinement€and€theÏcommencement€of€the€prosecution,€Tenn.R.Evid.€609(b),€œñq6ñððñq6ññr6ñ(c)ñr6ñ›€the€State€givesÏreasonable€written€notice€of€the€particular€conviction€or€convictions€it€intendsÏto€use€to€impeach€the€accused€prior€to€trial,€Tenn.R.Evid.€609(a)(3),€and€(d)Ïthe€trial€court€finds€that€the€probative€value€of€the€felony€or€misdemeanor€onÏthe€issue€of€credibility€outweighs€its€unfair€prejudicial€effect€on€the€substantiveÏissues.€€Tenn.R.Evid.€609(a)(3).ÌÌÒ` ÕXÒÓãXÓòòSee€State€v.€Farmer,óó€841€S.W.2d€837,€839€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòapp.€dismissedóóÐ ’â  Ð(Tenn.€1992).Ìà ` àIn€this€case,€the€trial€court€found€that€all€four€requirements€were€satisfied.€ÏRegarding€the€fourth€requirement,€which€raises€the€most€significant€question€ofÏadmissibility,€the€trial€court€held€that€the€aggravated€robbery€convictions€were€highlyÏprobative€of€the€defendantððs€credibility€because€they€are€crimes€that€involveÏdishonesty.€€òòSee€State€v.€Tune,óó€872€S.W.2d€922,€927€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòapp.Ð ^® Ðdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1993)€(burglary);€òòState€v.€Crank,óó€721€S.W.2d€264,€266€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð .~ ÐApp.€1986)€(burglary).Ìà ` àIt€is€well€established€that€questions€concerning€the€admissibility€of€evidenceÏrest€within€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€court€and€that€an€appellate€court€will€notÏinterfere€with€the€exercise€of€this€discretion€absent€a€clear€abuse€appearing€on€theÏface€of€the€record.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Lavender,óó€No.€02C01„9506„CR„00202,€DavidsonÐ .$~# ÐCounty,€n.€8€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996)€(citations€omitted),€œòòañu6ñffððdñu6ññv6ñpp.›€grantedñv6ñ›€on€other€œgroundñx6ñsñw6ñ€ñw6ññx6ññy6ñs,óóñy6ññz6ñ€967Ð þ%N!% ÐS.W.2d€803ñz6ññy6ñòòñy6ñ›€óó(Tenn.€1998).€€We€find€that€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€inÐ Î'#' Ðruling€that€the€defendantððs€two€previous€convictions€for€aggravated€robbery€wereÏadmissible€as€impeachment€evidence€against€him.Ìò òÓ  ÓCONCLUSIONÐ 6-†(- ÐÓbÓà ` àó óWe€find€that€there€are€no€reversible€errors€and€affirm€the€defendantððsÐ /^*/ Ðconviction.€€It€appearing€that€the€defendant€is€indigent,€the€costs€of€the€appeal€areÏtaxed€to€the€State.€€ÌÌÌÌÐ Ö9&5; ЇòòÓÓà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóà (# àÐ ° Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJohn€K.€Byers,€Senior€JudgeÌÌÌÌCONCUR:òòÐ . ~ ÐÌÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ Æ   ÐJames€Curwood€Witt,€Jr.,€JudgeÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÐ D”  ÐNorma€McGee€Ogle,€Judge