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B"<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiX%ä2¼A`ArialTT3|Xc«<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉJQX@%ä2¼A`ArialTTt10cpiXXXä2¼P±ŠQXP((­À$¡¡ÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  Ó»{s  tuvwxyz#,37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)(<1$´´Ô2Ô6.Ú  Ú0Ú  ÚÔ3  Ôà0  à LEMDNO{PQERSÓ€_c(D(3¾Á$¤¤Ý ƒ­À!ÝÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d%%%%7Border 1dd€-&Cþÿ << Gÿÿ *Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€XÔÌÌò òSeptemberÏ30,Ï1996ÌÌCecilÏCrowson,ÏJr.ÌÔ€ôÔAppellateÏCourtÏClerkó ó ¾Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ôÔAt€the€conclusion€of€the€Stateððs€proof,€the€trial€judge€granted€the€defendantððs€motion€forÏverdicts€of€acquittal€and€reduced€the€charges€in€counts€one€and€two€from€attempted€first„degree€murderÏto€attempted€second„degree€murder.Ì++++'ÿÿdxd dPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  ÒStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Geneva ÒÒ  BA Op Geneva Ò(gfi$µµà0  àÔ2(ÆÔ6.Ú  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ú  Ú0Ú  ÚÔ3  Ôà0` (#(#à(bÕä$¶¶à0  àà0` (#(#àÔ2ˆAÔÚ  ÚÚ  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0¸ ` (#` (#à(xâr$··à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àÔ2ˆAÔ(Ú  Ú0Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0¸ (#¸ (#à(ŒU$¸¸à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àÔ2ˆAÔ(Ú  ÚaÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0h(#(#à(Ÿ@Æ$¹¹à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àÔ2ˆAÔ(Ú  ÚÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0Àh(#h(#à(³ýt$ººà0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àÔ2ˆAÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0À(#À(#à(Çñû$»»à0  àà0` (#(#àà0¸ ` (#` (#àà0¸ (#¸ (#àà0h(#(#àà0Àh(#h(#àà0À(#À(#àÔ2ˆAÔÚ  ÚaÚ  Ú)Ô3  Ôà0p(#(#à€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€$ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÑ X ÑÑ7€wžXXdÈdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ ` ÑÓ  ÓÔ€Ô›à àà àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINALÏAPPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÙ€€ÙœßL€'(&;+'h|ùÿ"` 81 `€€Lß›Ìà@ àAT€JACKSONÌÌÓ  Óà@ àJULY€1996€SESSIONÌÌÌÌó óÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)ó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óà àò òC.C.A.ÏNO.€ó ó€ò ò02C01„9601„CC„00028ó óÌà àà àAppellee,à àò ò€€€€€à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àOBIONÏCOUNTYó óÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.ÏWILLIAM€B.€ACREE,ÌCHRISÏFREEMAN,à àà àà àà à)à àJUDGEÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)ó óÌà àà àAppellant.à àà àà àò ò)ó óà à(AttemptedÏSecond„Degree€Murder€„Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óà à€2€counts;ÏReckless€Endangerment;€à àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óà àÏUnlawful€Possession€of€a€Weapon)ÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANT:óóà àà àà à€€€€€òòà àFOR€THEÏAPPELLEE:óóÌÌÌò òVANEDDAÏPRINCEà àà àà àà àCHARLES€W.ÏBURSONó óÌP.O.€Box€26à àà àà àà àà àà àAttorneyÏGeneral€&€ReporterÌUnion€City,€TN€€38281Ìœà à(On›€Appeal)ò òà àà àà àà àà àELLENÏH.€POLLACKó óÌà àà àà àà à€à àà àà àAsst.ÏAttorney€GeneralÌò òWILLIAM€L.€JOHNSONó óà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€Pkwy.ÌSuite€150,€Morgan€Keegan€Towerà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ì50€North€Front€St.ÌMemphis,€TN€€38103à àà àà àà àò òAMY€EVERHARTó óÌœà à(At›€Trial)à àà àà àà àà àœLegal›€AssistantÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àOffice€of€the€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òTHOMAS€A.€THOMASó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à27th€Judicial€DistrictÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àP.O.€Box€218Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àUnion€City,€TN€€38281Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:____________________ÌÌÌÌò òAFFIRMEDó óÌÌÌJOHN€H.€PEAY,ÌJudgeÑ Ü Ñà@ àò òòòO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óóóÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓà àà àThe€defendant€was€charged€in€the€indictment€with€recklessÏendangerment,€unlawful€possession€of€a€weapon,€and€two€counts€of€attempted€first„degree€murder.€€On€August€23,€1995,€he€was€convicted€at€a€jury€trial€of€recklessÏendangerment,€unlawful€possession€of€a€weapon,€and€two€counts€of€attemptedÍsecond„degree€murder.× ƒ) ××  ×€€The€trial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€to€two€consecutiveÏfifteen€year€terms€for€the€two€counts€of€attempted€second„degree€murder,€aÏconcurrent€three€year€term€for€reckless€endangerment,€and€a€concurrent€three€yearÏterm€for€unlawful€possession€of€a€weapon.€€In€this€appeal€as€of€right,€the€defendantÏchallenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€the€length€of€his€sentences,Ïand€the€trial€courtððs€imposition€of€consecutive€sentences€for€his€attempted€second„degree€murder€convictions.€€We€find€that€the€defendantððs€issues€on€appeal€lack€merit,Ïand€his€convictions€and€sentences€are€therefore€affirmed.ÌÌà àà àThe€Stateððs€proof€at€trial€revealed€that€the€victim,€Terrell€Davis,€hadÏwitnessed€an€altercation€between€relatives€of€the€defendant€and€some€of€DavisððÏfriends€on€March€19,€1995.€€On€March€20,€1995,€Davis€and€Marcus€Treadwell€droveÏaround€Union€City€and€visited€a€local€club.€€They€each€consumed€a€twenty„twoÏounce€beer€at€the€club€approximately€one€hour€before€leaving.€€Upon€leaving€theÏclub,€they€began€to€drive€around€town€again.€€Davis€spotted€the€defendant€driving€inÏfront€of€them€and€flashed€his€lights€to€signal€the€defendant€that€he€wanted€to€pull€overÏand€talk.€€Davis€testified€that€he€had€wanted€to€assure€the€defendant,€whom€he€hadÍknown€nearly€his€entire€life,€that€he€had€not€been€involved€in€the€altercation€on€theÏprevious€night.€€According€to€Davis,€it€had€somehow€been€reported€to€the€defendantÏthat€Davis€was€involved€in€the€altercation,€and€Davis€had€been€told€ð ðto€watch€hisÏback.ðð€€Hence,€Davis€wanted€to€speak€with€the€defendant€to€clarify€the€situation.ÌÌà àà àAt€approximately€11:00€p.m.,€the€defendant€pulled€over€on€the€side€ofÏthe€street€in€front€of€his€uncleððs€house.€€As€Davis€and€Treadwell€were€driving€towardÏthe€defendantððs€car,€Treadwell€saw€someone€get€out€of€the€van€parked€in€theÏdriveway€of€the€defendantððs€uncleððs€house€and€enter€the€home.€€Treadwell€identifiedÏthe€van€as€one€he€had€seen€the€defendantððs€uncle,€R.J.€Freeman,€drive.€€Because€ofÏthe€distance,€however,€Treadwell€could€not€determine€the€identity€of€the€individualÏwho€exited€the€van€and€entered€the€house.ÌÌà àà àDavis€and€Treadwell€stopped€alongside€the€defendantððs€parked€car.€ÏThe€defendant€got€out€of€his€car€and€leaned€over€the€roof€to€talk€with€Davis.€€DavisÏhad€a€calm€conversation€with€the€defendant€for€a€few€minutes.€€Treadwell€thenÏinterjected€that€the€defendant€was€ð ðnothing€without€no€gun.ðð€€Davis€heard€R.J.ÏFreeman€call€out€to€the€defendant€from€inside€the€house,€and€the€defendant€walkedÏto€the€house.€€Treadwell€urged€Davis€to€leave€the€scene,€telling€Davis€that€theÏdefendant€was€ð ðgoing€to€get€that€thing,ðð€meaning€a€gun.€€Davis€witnessed€R.J.ÍFreeman€open€the€front€screen€door€and€pass€out€a€rifle€to€the€defendant.€€TheÏdefendant€turned,€squatted,€and€aimed€the€rifle€at€Davisðð€car.€€Davis€and€TreadwellÏducked€down€and€began€to€drive€away€from€the€scene.€€As€they€drove€away,€theyÏheard€multiple€gunshots€come€from€behind€them,€hitting€Davisðð€car€and€woundingÏDavis€in€the€shoulder€and€buttocks.ÌÌà àà àPriscilla€Henry€was€sitting€in€an€automobile€parked€in€the€driveway€of€aÏhouse€down€the€street€from€R.J.€Freemanððs€home€at€approximately€11:00€p.m.€onÏMarch€20,€1995.€€She€was€listening€to€the€stereo€when€she€heard€gunshots€ring€outÏfor€several€seconds€and€saw€sparks€coming€up€from€the€street€in€the€direction€of€R.J.ÏFreemanððs€home.€€She€then€saw€Davisðð€car€drive€by€her€house,€coming€from€theÏdirection€of€R.J.€Freemanððs€home.ÌÌà àà àThe€State€also€introduced€evidence€that€multiple€vehicles€and€homesÏacross€the€street€from€R.J.€Freemanððs€house€had€been€struck€by€bullets.€€The€twoÏhomes€which€were€hit€by€gunfire€were€occupied€by€both€adults€and€children€at€theÏtime€of€the€shooting.€€Davisðð€vehicle€had€fifteen€to€eighteen€bullet€holes€in€it,€and€itsÏtires€were€flat€from€having€been€shot.€€The€only€bodily€injuries€stemming€from€theÏshooting€were€Davisðð€wounds€to€the€shoulder€and€buttocks.€€When€law€enforcementÏofficers€questioned€Davis€immediately€after€the€shooting,€he€identified€the€defendantÍas€the€individual€who€had€shot€him.ÌÌà àà àPolice€officers€arrived€at€the€scene€of€the€shooting€shortly€after€theÏincident.€€They€found€thirty„nine€shell€casings€of€the€7.62€x€39€type.€€€This€type€ofÏammunition€is€the€kind€commonly€used€in€military€and€similar€firearms,€such€as€theÏAK„47€and€the€Chinese€SKF.€€Pursuant€to€a€warrant,€police€officers€searched€theÏhome€of€R.J.€Freeman€later€that€night.€€They€found€an€AK„47's€forty€shell€capacityÏammunition€clip€for€7.62€x€39€bullets.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€testified€in€his€own€behalf€at€trial.€€He€stated€that€he€hadÏdecided€on€the€spur€of€the€moment€to€travel€to€Humboldt€to€visit€a€friend€on€March€20,Ï1995.€€He€left€Union€City€at€approximately€10:00€p.m.€and€pulled€over€at€10:27€p.m.Ïwith€car€trouble.€€An€individual€who€introduced€himself€as€Floyd€stopped€to€help€theÏdefendant.€€Floyd€decided€that€the€defendant€was€probably€out€of€gas€and€went€to€aÏstation€to€get€fuel€for€the€defendant.€€He€returned€with€the€gas,€and€the€defendantððsÏcar€started€without€difficulty.€€The€defendant€thanked€Floyd,€paid€him€for€the€gas,€andÏthey€both€drove€away.ÌÌà àà àFloyd€Sowell€testified€that€he€was€the€individual€who€had€stopped€toÏhelp€the€defendant.€€He€confirmed€the€defendantððs€story€regarding€the€events€of€theÍnight€of€March€20,€1995.€€On€cross„examination,€Sowell€admitted€that€he€had€severalÏcriminal€convictions€for€bad€checks.€€Leon€White€and€Joe€Clark€testified€as€characterÏwitnesses€for€the€defendant.€€They€stated€that€the€defendantððs€reputation€in€theÏcommunity€was€that€of€a€truthful€and€honest€young€man.ÌÌà àà àIn€his€first€issue,€the€defendant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€theÏconvicting€evidence€for€each€of€his€convictions.€€The€defendant€contends€that€hisÏalibi€defense,€corroborated€by€Floyd€Sowell,€renders€the€eyewitness€testimony€ofÏDavis€and€Treadwell,€who€both€have€felony€drug€convictions€and€had€been€drinkingÏon€the€night€of€the€shooting,€legally€insufficient€to€support€the€verdicts€of€guilt.€€As€aÏsub„issue,€the€defendant€also€contends€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€supportÏthat€he€acted€knowingly€with€regard€to€his€convictions€for€attempted€second„degreeÏmurder.€€He€argues€that,€even€if€the€offenses€occurred€as€Davis€and€TreadwellÏtestified,€the€proof€does€not€demonstrate€that€the€defendantððs€actions€wereÏreasonably€certain€to€result€in€the€death€of€Davis,€Treadwell,€or€any€other€individual.ÌÌà àà àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convictingÏevidence,€we€must€review€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecutionÏin€determining€whether€"òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essentialÏelements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.Í307,€319,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€61€L.Ed.2d€560€(1979).€€We€do€not€reweigh€or€re„evaluateÏthe€evidence€and€are€required€to€afford€the€State€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€theÏproof€contained€in€the€record€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€infer‚encesÏwhich€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.Ï1978).ÌÌà àà àQuestions€concerning€the€credibility€of€witnesses,€the€weight€and€valueÏto€be€given€to€the€evidence,€as€well€as€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence€areÏresolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€this€Court.€€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835.€€A€guiltyÏverdict€rendered€by€the€jury€and€approved€by€the€trial€judge€accredits€the€testimonyÏof€the€witnesses€for€the€State,€and€a€presumption€of€guilt€replaces€the€presumption€ofÏinnocence.€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973).ÌÌà àà àA€defendant€challenging€the€sufficiency€of€the€proof€has€the€burden€ofÏillustrating€to€this€Court€why€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€verdictÏreturned€by€the€trier€of€fact€in€his€or€her€case.€€This€Court€will€not€disturb€a€verdict€ofÏguilt€for€lack€of€sufficient€evidence€unless€the€facts€contained€in€the€record€and€anyÏinferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€the€facts€are€insufficient,€as€a€matter€of€law,€forÏa€rational€trier€of€fact€to€find€the€defendant€guilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòState€v.ÏTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).ÌÌà àà àIn€the€present€case,€the€jury€heard€the€evidence€regarding€theÏdefendantððs€alibi,€evaluated€the€credibility€of€all€of€the€witnesses,€and€rejected€theÏdefense.€€As€is€evident€from€their€verdicts€of€guilt,€the€jury€chose€to€accredit€theÏeyewitness€testimony€of€the€Stateððs€witnesses.€€The€defendant€seems€to€ask€thisÏCourt€to€believe€his€testimony€and€to€disregard€that€of€the€Stateððs€witnesses.€€TheÏjury,€however,€has€already€resolved€this€credibility€matter€against€the€defendant.€ÏFrom€a€review€of€the€entire€record,€we€can€only€conclude€that€the€facts€are€sufficient,Ïas€a€matter€of€law,€for€a€rational€trier€of€fact€to€find€the€defendant€guilty€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt.ÌÌà àà àSimilarly,€we€must€also€conclude€that€the€evidence€is€sufficient€toÏestablish€that€the€defendant€acted€knowingly€with€regard€to€his€convictions€forÏattempted€second„degree€murder,€as€is€required€under€T.C.A.€ðð€39„12„101(a)€andÏT.C.A.€ðð€39„13„210(a)(1).€€A€person€acts€knowingly€ð ðwhen€the€person€is€aware€thatÏthe€conduct€is€reasonably€certain€to€cause€the€result.ðð€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„11„106(a)(20).€ÏConstruing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€the€record€in€theÏcase€at€bar€reveals€that€the€defendant€had€an€argument€with€Marcus€Treadwell,€aÏpassenger€in€Terrell€Davisðð€car.€€After€being€handed€a€gun€by€his€uncle,€R.J.ÏFreeman,€the€defendant€squatted€down,€aimed€the€rifle,€and€fired€approximatelyÍthirty„nine€bullets€in€rapid€succession€at€Davisðð€vehicle,€which€he€knew€wasÏoccupied.€€Fifteen€to€eighteen€bullets€did€in€fact€strike€the€vehicle,€wounding€one€ofÏthe€two€occupants.€€We€find€that€these€circumstances€fully€support€the€juryððsÏconclusion€that€the€defendant€was€aware€that€his€conduct€was€reasonably€certain€toÏcause€the€death€of€the€individuals€in€the€vehicle.€€The€defendantððs€challenge€to€theÏsufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence€is€therefore€without€merit.ÌÌà àà àIn€his€second€issue,€the€defendant€complains€that€the€sentencesÏimposed€by€the€trial€court€were€excessive.€€After€a€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€courtÏspecifically€found€that€there€were€no€mitigating€factors€applicable€to€the€present€case.€ÏThe€defendant€does€not€challenge€that€finding.€€The€trial€court€found€six€enhancingÏfactors€applicable€to€some€or€all€of€the€defendantððs€convictions€as€follows:ÌÒ ` ÒÒ ` ÒÓÓÌ(a)€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(1)€(defendant€has€previous€history€ofÏcriminal€convictions€or€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€thoseÏnecessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range)€applicable€toÏall€four€convictions;ÌÌ(b)€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(2)€(defendant€was€a€leader€inÏcommission€of€offense€involving€two€or€more€criminalÏactors)€applicable€to€all€four€convictions;ÌÌœ›œ(c)›€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(3)€(offense€involved€more€than€oneÏvictim)€applicable€to€all€four€convictions;ÌÌ(d)€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(9)€(defendant€possessed€orÍemployed€firearm,€explosive€device,€or€other€deadlyÏweapon€during€commission€of€offense)€applicable€toÏattempted€second„degree€murder€convictions€only;ÌÌ(e)€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(12)€(during€commission€of€theÏfelony,€defendant€willfully€inflicted€bodily€injury€uponÏanother€person,€or€the€actions€of€the€defendant€resulted€inÏthe€death€or€serious€bodily€injury€to€a€victim€or€a€personÏother€than€the€intended€victim)€applicable€to€attemptedÏsecond„degree€murder€of€Terrell€Davis€only;€andÌÌ(f)€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(13)(B)€(felony€was€committed€whileÏthe€defendant€was€on€parole€from€a€prior€felony€conviction)Ïapplicable€to€all€four€convictions.ÌÌÌÒ ° ÒÒ ° ÒÓÓThe€defendant€does€not€challenge€the€trial€courtððs€application€of€T.C.A.€ðððð€40„35„114(1),€(9),€or€(13).€€Instead,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€inÏapplying€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(2),€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(3)€with€respect€to€his€attemptedÏsecond„degree€murder€convictions,€and€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(12).ÌÌà àà àWhen€a€defendant€complains€of€his€or€her€sentence,€we€must€conduct€aÏòòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€with€a€presumption€of€correctness.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€The€burdenÏof€showing€that€the€sentence€is€improper€is€upon€the€appealing€party.€€T.C.A.€Ìðð€40„35„401(d)€Sentencing€Commission€Comments.€€This€presumption,€however,€"isÏconditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€consideredÏthe€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances."€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,Í823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).ÌÌà àà àA€portion€of€the€Sentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989,€codified€at€T.C.A.€Ìðð€40„35„210,€established€a€number€of€specific€procedures€to€be€followed€inÏsentencing.€€This€section€mandates€the€court's€consideration€of€the€following:ÌÓÓÌÒ ô ÒÒ  ÒÓ ` ¸ ŒX¸)Ó(1)€The€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€theÏsentencing€hearing;€(2)€[t]he€presentence€report;€(3)€[t]heÏprinciples€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencingÏalternatives;€(4)€[t]he€nature€and€characteris‚tics€of€theÏcriminal€conduct€involved;€(5)€[e]vidence€and€informationÏoffered€by€the€parties€on€the€enhancement€and€mitigatingÏfactors€in€Ìðððð€40„35„113€and€40„35„114;€and€(6)€[a]ny€statement€theÏdefendant€wishes€to€make€in€his€own€behalf€about€senƒtencing.ÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ ¢ ÒÓÓT.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210.ÌÒ € ÒÒ À ÒÌÒ  ÒÒ ¢ Òà àà àIn€addition,€this€section€provides€that€the€minimum€sentence€within€theÏrange€is€the€presumptive€sentence.€€If€there€are€enhanc‚ing€and€mitigating€factors,€theÏcourt€must€start€at€the€minimum€sentence€in€the€range€and€enhance€the€sentence€asÏappropriate€for€the€enhancement€factors€and€then€reduce€the€sen‚tence€within€theÏrange€as€appropriate€for€the€mitigating€factors.€€If€there€are€no€mitigating€factors,€theÏcourt€may€set€the€sentence€above€the€minimum€in€that€range€but€still€within€the€range.€ÍThe€weight€to€be€given€each€factor€is€left€to€the€discretion€of€the€trial€judge.€€òòState€v.ÏSheltonóó,€854€S.W.2d€116,€123€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).ÌÌà àà àThe€Act€further€provides€that€"[w]henever€the€court€imposes€a€sentence,Ïit€òòshall€place€on€the€recordóó€either€orally€or€in€writing,€what€enhance‚ment€or€mitigatingÏfactors€it€found,€if€any,€as€well€as€findings€of€fact€as€required€by€ðð€40„35„209."€€T.C.A.€Ìðð€40„35„210(f)€(emphasis€added).€€Because€of€the€importance€of€enhancing€andÏmitigating€factors€under€the€sentencing€guide‚lines,€even€the€absence€of€these€factorsÏmust€be€recorded€if€none€are€found.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210€comment.€€These€findings€byÏthe€trial€judge€must€be€recorded€in€order€to€allow€an€adequate€review€on€appeal.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€first€challenges€the€trial€courtððs€application€of€T.C.A.€Ìðð€40„35„114(2),€that€he€was€a€leader€in€the€commission€of€an€offense€involving€two€orÏmore€criminal€actors.€€He€argues€that€the€facts€of€the€present€case€suggest€that€neitherÏhe€nor€R.J.€Freeman€was€a€leader€in€the€commission€of€the€offense,€comparing€hisÏcase€to€òòState€v.€Buckmeiróó,€902€S.W.2d€418€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€The€recordÏreveals€that€while€the€defendant€was€arguing€with€Marcus€Treadwell,€R.J.€FreemanÏcalled€out€to€the€defendant.€€The€defendant€walked€to€the€front€door€of€R.J.€FreemanððsÏhome,€at€which€time€R.J.€Freeman€handed€the€defendant€a€rifle.€€The€defendant€thenÏturned€and€began€shooting.€€There€is€no€evidence€in€the€record€that€the€defendantÍsomehow€planned€this€encounter.€€Moreover,€there€is€no€proof€in€the€record€that€theÏdefendant€requested€the€rifle€or€prompted€R.J.€Freeman€to€give€it€to€him.€€WeÏrecognize€that€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(2)€does€not€require€that€the€defendant€be€the€soleÏleader€but€rather€that€he€be€ð ða€leader,ðð€and€as€a€result€both€of€two€criminal€actors€mayÏqualify€for€enhancement€under€this€factor.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Hicksóó,€868€S.W.2d€729,€731Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€Under€the€facts€of€the€present€case,€however,€we€agree€withÏthe€defendant€that€the€evidence€in€this€record€does€not€suggest€that€he€was€a€leaderÏin€the€commission€of€the€offenses€according€to€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(2).€€We€find,Ïtherefore,€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€applying€that€enhancement€factor€to€theÏdefendantððs€sentences.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€next€challenges€the€trial€courtððs€application€of€T.C.A.€Ìðð€40„35„114(3),€that€the€offenses€involved€more€than€one€victim,€to€his€attemptedÏsecond„degree€murder€sentences.€€Citing€òòState€v.€McKnightóó,€900€S.W.2d€36€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1994),€the€defendant€argues€that€because€he€was€convicted€of€attemptedÏsecond„degree€murder€for€both€Terrell€Davis€and€Marcus€Treadwell,€the€ð ðmore€thanÏone€victimðð€enhancement€factor€is€not€applicable.€€Recognizing€that€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(3)€does€not€apply€when€there€are€separate€convictions€for€each€victim,€the€StateÏconcedes€that€this€enhancement€factor€should€not€have€been€applied€to€theÏdefendantððs€sentences€for€attempted€second„degree€murder.€€òòCf.óó€òòState€v.€Lambertóó,Í741€S.W.2d€127€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€Accordingly,€we€find€that€the€trial€courtÏerred€in€applying€T.C.A.€Ìðð€40„35„114(3)€to€the€defendantððs€attempted€second„degree€murder€sentences.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€also€challenges€the€trial€courtððs€application€of€T.C.A.€Ìðð€40„35„114(12)€to€his€sentence€for€the€attempted€second„degree€murder€of€TerrellÏDavis.€€This€section€reads€as€follows:€ð ðDuring€the€commission€of€the€felony,€theÏdefendant€willfully€inflicted€bodily€injury€upon€another€person,€or€the€actions€of€theÏdefendant€resulted€in€the€death€of€or€serious€bodily€injury€to€a€victim€or€a€person€otherÏthan€the€intended€victim.ðð€€The€trial€court€found€that€the€first€clause€of€the€enhancingÏfactor,€that€the€defendant€willfully€inflicted€bodily€injury€upon€another€person,€appliedÏto€the€defendantððs€sentence€for€the€attempted€second„degree€murder€of€Terrell€DavisÏbecause€Davis€was€wounded€in€the€shoulder€and€the€buttocks€during€the€defendantððsÏattack.€€The€defendant,€however,€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€applying€thisÏenhancement€factor€because€bodily€injury€is€inherent€in€the€crime€of€attemptedÏsecond„degree€murder,€and€cites€òòState€v.€Makokaóó,€885€S.W.2d€366€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1994),€in€support€of€his€argument.ÌÌà àà àIn€òòMakokaóó,€the€defendant€was€convicted€of€one€count€of€attempted€first„Ïdegree€murder€and€one€count€of€attempted€second„degree€murder.€€òòMakokaóó,€885ÍS.W.2d€at€368.€€The€record€revealed€that€the€defendant€was€involved€in€an€extra„marital€amorous€relationship€with€a€woman€by€the€name€of€Jane€Rhodes.€€WhenÏRhodes€ended€the€relationship,€the€defendant€became€angry.€€He€followed€RhodesÏhome€from€her€place€of€employment€the€next€day.€€Rhodes€was€being€driven€home€byÏher€new€boyfriend,€Dwight€Cooper.€€The€defendant€attempted€to€force€their€vehicle€offÏthe€road€and€eventually€shot€and€wounded€Cooper.€€Cooper€parked€the€vehicle€at€aÏlocal€police€station€and€fled€as€the€defendant€fired€two€more€shots€from€his€.357Ïrevolver.€€Rhodes€attempted€to€flee,€but€the€defendant€shot€and€wounded€her€in€theÏbuttocks.€€When€Rhodes€collapsed,€the€defendant€shot€her€in€the€chest€as€she€lay€onÏthe€ground.€€òòMakokaóó,€885€S.W.2d€at€368„369.ÌÌà àà àA€panel€of€this€Court€found€that€the€trial€court€had€erred€in€enhancing€theÏdefendantððs€sentences€based€on€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(12).€€The€òòMakokaóó€courtÏexplained€its€reasoning€as€follows:ÌÒ ¸ ÒÒ R ÒÓÓÌà àThis€Court€has€consistently€ruled€that€this€factorÏshould€not€be€considered€based€upon€the€injuriesÏsustained€by€the€victim.€€In€these€cases,€the€accused€wasÏconvicted€of€either€aggravated€assault€or€murder.€€ThisÏsame€reasoning€can€be€extended€to€an€attempt€to€commitÏmurder€in€the€first€degree€and€murder€in€the€secondÏdegree.€€A€victim€of€either€offense€is€susceptible€to€theÏinfliction€of€serious€bodily€injury.€€The€only€factor€thatÏdistinguishes€the€crime€of€attempting€to€commit€murder€inÍthe€first€degree€and€murder€in€the€second€degree€is€theÏvictim€dying€as€a€result€of€the€injuries€inflicted€by€theÏaccused.ÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ ¢ ÒÓÓòòMakokaóó,€885€S.W.2d€at€374€(citations€omitted).€€Under€òòMakokaóó,€then,€it€appears€thatÏthe€trial€court€in€the€case€at€bar€erred€in€applying€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(12)€to€enhanceÏthe€defendantððs€sentence€for€the€attempted€second„degree€murder€of€Terrell€Davis.ÌÌà àà àAs€the€State€points€out,€however,€a€recent€Tennessee€Supreme€CourtÏcase€casts€some€doubt€on€the€validity€of€òòMakokaóó.€€In€òòState€v.€Trustyóó,€our€SupremeÏCourt€considered€whether€a€conviction€for€an€uncharged€offense€(aggravated€assault)Ïthat€is€neither€a€lesser€grade€or€class€nor€necessarily€included€in€the€charged€offenseÏ(attempted€first„degree€murder)€may€stand€in€circumstances€in€which€sufficientÏevidence€supports€the€conviction.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Trustyóó,€919€S.W.2d€305,€308€(Tenn.Ï1996).€€In€its€discussion€of€that€issue,€the€Court€stated€that€ð ðan€attempted€murder€doesÏnot€necessarily€require€either€contact€with€the€victim€or€bodily€injury.ðð€€òòTrustyóó,€919ÏS.W.2d€at€313€n.7.ÌÌà àà àòòMakokaóó€held€that€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(12)€was€not€properly€applicable€toÏa€sentence€for€attempted€murder€because€the€potential€for€bodily€injury€was€inherentÏin€the€offense.€€òòSeeóó€òòMakokaóó,€885€S.W.2d€at€374.€€The€language€of€òòTrustyóó,€however,Írecognizes€that€attempted€murder€does€not€require€bodily€injury.€€òòSeeóó€òòTrustyóó,€919ÏS.W.2d€at€313€n.7.€€In€light€of€òòTrustyóó,€we€find€the€holding€of€òòMakokaóó€with€respect€to€theÏapplicability€of€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(12)€to€a€sentence€for€attempted€murder€to€be€ofÏquestionable€validity.ÌÌà àà àMoreover,€we€must€also€point€out€that€the€cases€cited€by€òòMakokaóó€inÏsupport€of€the€proposition€that€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(12)€is€not€applicable€for€offenses€inÏwhich€bodily€injury€is€inherent€all€involve€either€murder€or€aggravated€assault€(byÏbodily€injury).€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Greg€Pattersonóó,€C.C.A.€No.€03C01„9106„CR„00180,ÏLoudon€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€filed€May€19,€1992,€at€Knoxville);€òòState€v.€Tony€VonÏCarruthers,óó€C.C.A.€No.€02C01„9102„CR„00019,€Shelby€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ïfiled€August€7,€1991,€at€Jackson).€€We€find€no€Tennessee€case€other€than€òòMakokaóóÏwhich€has€extended€this€reasoning€with€respect€to€murder€and€aggravated€assault€(byÏbodily€injury)€to€the€offense€of€attempted€murder.ÌÌà àà àThe€trial€court€found€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(12)€applicable€only€to€theÏdefendantððs€sentence€for€the€attempted€second„degree€murder€of€Terrell€Davis,€theÏvictim€who€was€physically€wounded€during€the€defendantððs€attack.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114€provides€for€the€application€of€appropriate€enhancement€factors€ð ðif€notÏthemselves€essential€elements€of€the€offense€as€charged€in€the€indictment.ðð€ÍAccordingly,€we€find€that€because€bodily€injury€is€not€an€essential€element€of€theÏoffense€of€attempted€second„degree€murder,€the€trial€court€properly€enhanced€theÏdefendantððs€sentence€for€that€offense€with€regard€to€the€victim€who€was€actuallyÏwounded.€€In€so€finding,€we€note€our€disagreement€with€the€òòMakokaóó€courtððs€reasoningÏto€the€contrary€given€the€language€of€our€Supreme€Court€in€òòTrustyóó.ÌÌà àà àIn€sum,€we€concluded€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€applying€T.C.A.€Ìðð€40„35„114(2)€to€all€four€of€the€defendantððs€sentences,€that€the€trial€court€erred€inÏapplying€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(3)€to€the€defendantððs€two€sentences€for€attemptedÏsecond„degree€murder,€and€that€the€trial€court€properly€applied€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(12)€to€the€defendantððs€sentence€for€the€attempted€second„degree€murder€ofÏTerrell€Davis.€€The€defendant€was€sentenced€to€fifteen€years€on€each€count€ofÏattempted€second„degree€murder€(possible€range€of€twelve€to€twenty€years)€and€toÏthree€years€each€for€reckless€endangerment€and€unlawful€possession€of€a€weaponÏ(possible€range€of€two€to€four€years).€€The€trial€court€correctly€considered€the€relevantÏsentencing€principles€as€well€as€the€egregious€nature€of€and€exceptional€dangerÏaccompanying€the€defendantððs€shooting€spree€in€a€residential€neighborhood.€€Even€ifÏwe€were€to€conclude€that€all€three€of€the€enhancing€factors€challenged€by€theÏdefendant€were€improperly€applied,€the€three€enhancing€factors€which€the€defendantÏdid€not€challenge€on€appeal€and€the€trial€courtððs€unchallenged€ruling€that€noÍmitigating€factors€applied€to€the€present€case€fully€support€the€trial€courtððs€impositionÏof€mid„range€sentences€for€each€of€the€defendantððs€convictions.€€The€defendant€hasÏfailed€to€carry€his€burden€of€demonstrating€that€his€sentences€were€improper,€and€hisÏsecond€issue€is€therefore€without€merit.ÌÌà àà àIn€his€third€and€final€issue€on€appeal,€the€defendant€challenges€the€trialÏcourtððs€imposition€of€consecutive€sentences€for€his€two€attempted€second„degreeÏmurder€convictions.€€The€trial€court€imposed€consecutive€sentences€on€the€defendantÏas€a€ð ðdangerous€offender.ðð€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(4).€€In€ordering€consecutiveÏsentences,€the€trial€court€found€as€follows:ÌÒ ¸ ÒÒ R ÒÓÓÌà àThe€remaining€consideration€by€the€court€is€whetherÏor€not€to€run€the€sentences€consecutive€or€concurrent.€€IÏmake€reference€to€T.C.A.€40„35„115,€particularlyÏparagraph€four:€€ð ðThe€defendant€is€a€dangerous€offenderÏwhose€behavior€indicates€little€or€no€regard€for€human€lifeÏand€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€in€which€theÏrisk€to€human€life€is€high.ððÌà àMr.€Freeman,€that€sentence€which€I€just€read€fromÏthe€statute€fits€you€like€a€glove.€€You€attempted€to€kill€twoÏpeople,€and€in€the€meantime€you€shot€several€otherÏhouses,€endangering€other€peopleððs€life.€€It€made€noÏdifference€to€you€how€many€people€you€killed.€€Itððs€veryÏfortunate€that€you€did€not€kill€six€children,€whose€housesÏwere€struck€during€this€assault€that€you€made.Ìà àThe€court€finds€those€facts€are€particularlyÏaggravating€circumstances,€in€addition€to€the€fact€that€twoÏor€more€dangerous€crimes€were€committed.Ìà àMr.€Freeman,€you€have€been€convicted€of€otherÏoffenses.€€You€have€been€sent€to€boot€camp.€€You€wereÏreleased€shortly€before€you€were„„€not€too€long€before€youÏcommitted€this€crime.€€You€were€on€parole€at€the€time.€ÏEfforts€were€made€to€rehabilitate€you.€€However,€thoseÏefforts€were€not€successful.Ìà àThe€court€finds€that€consecutive€sentences€areÏnecessary€in€this€case€to€protect€the€public€from€furtherÏcriminal€conduct€by€you.ÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ ¢ ÒÓÓAt€the€conclusion€of€the€findings,€the€trial€court€ordered€only€the€defendantððs€twoÏfifteen€year€sentences€for€attempted€second„degree€murder€to€be€servedÏconsecutively,€resulting€in€an€effective€sentence€of€thirty€years.ÌÌà àà àAs€we€stated€above€with€regard€to€the€defendantððs€challenge€to€theÏlength€of€his€sentences,€our€review€of€this€sentencing€issue€is€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€with€aÏpresumption€of€correctness.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€The€trial€court€properlyÏconsidered€all€of€the€relevant€sentencing€principles€and€the€circumstancesÏsurrounding€the€offenses.€€The€burden€of€showing€that€the€sentence€is€improper€isÏtherefore€upon€the€defendant.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„401(d)€Sentencing€CommissionÏComments.€€In€order€to€support€the€imposition€of€consecutive€sentences€as€aÏdangerous€offender€under€T.C.A.€Ìðð€40„35„115(b)(4),€the€record€must€demonstrate€that€the€defendantððs€behaviorÏindicated€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life,€that€the€defendantððs€behavior€indicated€noÍhesitation€about€committing€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high,€thatÏconsecutive€sentences€are€necessary€to€protect€the€public€from€further€criminal€actsÏby€the€defendant,€and€that€the€aggregate€sentence€is€reasonably€related€to€theÏseverity€of€the€offenses.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933,€938€(Tenn.€1995).ÌÌà àà àIn€the€present€case,€the€record€reveals€that€the€defendant,€after€anÏargument,€was€handed€a€rifle€which€he€immediately€fired€toward€a€departing€vehicleÏoccupied€by€Terrell€Davis€and€Marcus€Treadwell.€€The€defendant€fired€approximatelyÏthirty„nine€bullets€in€a€residential€neighborhood,€several€of€which€struck€homesÏoccupied€by€numerous€adults€and€children€as€well€as€penetrated€the€vehicle€at€whichÏthe€gun€was€aimed.€€We€can€only€conclude,€as€did€the€trial€court,€that€theseÏcircumstances€clearly€demonstrate€that€the€defendantððs€behavior€indicated€little€or€noÏregard€for€human€life€and€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€toÏhuman€life€was€high.ÌÌà àà àLikewise,€the€record€is€also€clear€that€consecutive€sentences€areÏnecessary€to€protect€the€public€from€further€criminal€conduct€by€the€defendant.€€As€theÏtrial€court€found€during€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€defendant€has€numerous€priorÏconvictions,€including€two€felony€convictions€and€several€misdemeanor€convictions.€ÏThe€defendant€has€been€to€boot€camp€and€was€on€parole€at€the€time€of€theÍcommission€of€the€present€offenses.€€These€circumstances€indicate€that€theÏdefendantððs€potential€for€rehabilitation€is€low.€€As€a€result,€the€trial€court€properlyÏconcluded€that€consecutive€sentences€were€necessary€to€protect€the€public€fromÏfurther€criminal€conduct€by€the€defendant.ÌÌà àà àWith€regard€to€the€aggregate€length€of€the€consecutive€sentences,€theÏdefendant€asks€this€Court€to€consider€that€his€offenses€ð ðstemmed€from€one€burst€ofÏautomatic€weapon€fire€lasting€a€few€secondsðð€resulting€in€no€deaths€and€bodilyÏinjuries€to€only€one€person.€€We€cannot€ignore,€however,€that€the€defendant€wasÏconvicted€of€four€serious€felonies€for€his€egregious€conduct,€including€two€counts€ofÏattempted€second„degree€murder.€€His€grievous€actions€endangered€the€lives€ofÏseveral€innocent,€unaware€bystanders€who€were€residing€peacefully€in€their€homesÏwhen€their€houses€were€struck€by€bullets.€€Given€these€circumstances,€we€can€onlyÏconclude€that€the€thirty€year€aggregate€length€of€the€defendantððs€consecutiveÏsentences€reasonably€relates€to€the€severity€of€his€offenses.ÌÌà àà àFrom€a€review€of€the€entire€record,€we€find€that€the€trial€court€did€not€errÏin€imposing€consecutive€sentences€under€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(4).€€The€defendantÏhas€failed€to€carry€his€burden€of€demonstrating€that€his€sentence€was€improper,€andÏhis€third€issue€is€therefore€without€merit.ÌÌà àà àFor€the€reasons€set€out€in€the€discussion€above,€we€find€that€theÏdefendantððs€issues€on€appeal€lack€merit.€€His€convictions€and€sentences€are€herebyÏaffirmed.ÌÌÓÓÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJOHN€H.€PEAY,€JudgeÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JudgeÌòòÌÌÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌCORNELIA€A.€CLARK,€Special€Judge