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ÚóóòòMirandaóó,€384€U.S.€at€444,€86€S.Ct.€at€1612,€16€L.Ed.2d€at€706.Ì =Ý ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòCalifornia€v.€Beheleróó,€463€U.S.€1121,€1125,€103€S.Ct.€3517,€3520,€77€L.Ed.2dÏ1275,€1279€(1983)€(citation€omitted).Ì ¿Ý ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòSeeóó€òòBeckwith€v.€United€Statesóó,€425€U.S.€341,€96€S.Ct.€1612,€48€L.Ed.2d€1Ï(1976)€(an€accused€was€not€entitled€to€the€òòMirandaóó€warnings€when€special€agents€ofÏthe€Internal€Revenue€Service€questioned€him€in€the€dining€room€of€his€home).Ì üÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÔ€,ÔÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó512€U.S.€_____,€114€S.Ct.€2350,€129€L.Ed.2d€362€(1994).Ì þÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó512€U.S.€at€_____,€114€S.Ct.€at€2355,€129€L.Ed.2d€at€371.Ì ÿÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòDavisóó,€512€U.S.€at€____,€114€S.Ct.€at€2355,€129€L.Ed.2d€at€371.Ì …Ý ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòState€v.€Stephensonóó,€878€S.W.2d€530,€542€(Tenn.€1994);€€òòState€v.€Van€Tranóó,Ï864€S.W.2d€465,€477€(Tenn.€1993),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€____€U.S.€____,€114€S.Ct.€1577,€128ÏL.Ed.2d€220€(1994);€òòState€v.€Harrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€54,€73€(Tenn.€1992),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€507ÏU.S.€954,€113€S.Ct.€1368,€122€L.Ed.2d€746€(1993);€òòState€v.€Bakeróó,€751€S.W.2d€154,Ï163€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1987).Ì NÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòStephensonóó,€878€S.W.2d€at€542;€€òòVan€Tranóó,€864€S.W.2d€at€477;€€òòHarrisóó,€839ÏS.W.2d€at€73;€€òòBakeróó,€751€S.W.2d€at€163Ì ØÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€R.€Evid.€403.Ì ØÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€R.€Evid.€403.Ì Ý ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòMendolia€v.€Stateóó,€192€Tenn.€656,€668„69,€241€S.W.2d€606,€612€(1951);€ÏòòSotka€v.€Stateóó,€503€S.W.2d€212,€221€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1972);€òòseeóóÏòògenerallyóó€òòState€v.€Zagorskióó,€701€S.W.2d€808,€813€(Tenn.€1985),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€478€U.S.Ï1010,€106€S.Ct.€3309,€92€L.Ed.2d€722€(1986).Ì LÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòState€v.€Melsonóó,€638€S.W.2d€342,€359€(Tenn.€1982),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€459€U.S.Ï1137,€103€S.Ct.€770,€74€L.Ed.2d€983€(1983).Ì ]Ý ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòState€v.€Cazesóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,€261€(Tenn.€1994),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€____€U.S.Ï____,€115€S.Ct.€743,€130€L.Ed.2d€644€(1995);€òòState€v.€Howellóó,€868€S.W.2d€238,€249Ï(Tenn.€1993),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€____€U.S.€____,€114€S.Ct.€1339,€127€L.Ed.2d€687€(1994);ÏòòState€v.€Smithóó,€857€S.W.2d€1,€6€(Tenn.€1993),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€____€U.S.€____,€114€S.Ct.Ï561,€126€L.Ed.2d€461€(1993).Ì ÐÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóThese€issues€have€been€waived.€€The€appellant€predicated€his€objectionÏupon€the€decision€of€the€United€States€Supreme€Court€in€òòBatson€v.€Kentuckyóó,€€476ÏU.S.€79,€106€S.Ct.€1712,€90€L.Ed.2d€69€(1986).€€He€subsequently€abandoned€thisÏtheory€and€asserted€these€issues.€€It€has€long€been€established€in€this€jurisdiction€thatÏa€party€cannot€assert€one€ground€at€trial,€abandon€that€ground,€and€assert€a€newÏground€in€the€motion€for€a€new€trial€or€the€appellate€court.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Harrisóó,€839ÏS.W.2d€54,€65„66€(Tenn.€1992),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€507€U.S.€954,€113€S.Ct.€1368,€122ÏL.Ed.2d€746€(1993);€€òòState€v.€Adkissonóó,€899€S.W.2d€626,€634„35€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1994);€€òòState€v.€Gregoryóó,€862€S.W.2d€574,€578€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993);€€òòState€v.ÏMatthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€781€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1990);€ÏòòState€v.€Aucoinóó,€756€S.W.2d€705,€715€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€489€U.S.Ï1084,€109€S.Ct.€1541,€103€L.Ed.2d€845€(1989);€€òòState€v.€Dobbinsóó,€754€S.W.2d€637,Ï641€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1988);€€òòState€v.€Davisóó,€751€S.W.2dÏ167,€171€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1988);€€òòState€v.€Brockóó,€678ÏS.W.2d€486,€489„90€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1984).€€However,€thisÏCourt€opts€to€consider€the€issues€on€the€merits€since€a€constitutional€issue€isÏembraced€by€the€issues.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(b);€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(b).Ì Ý ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòSeeóó€òòBatson€v.€Kentuckyóó,€476€U.S.€79,€106€S.Ct.€1712,€90€L.Ed.2d€69€(1986).Ì ÄÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Caruthersóó,€676€S.W.2d€935,€939€(Tenn.€1984),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€469ÏU.S.€1197,€105€S.Ct.€981,€83€L.Ed.2d€982€(1985);€€òòState€v.€Boydóó,€867€S.W.2d€330,€335Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdismissedóó€(Tenn.€1993).€€This€Court€has€previouslyÏheld€that€the€voter€registration€list€is€one€of€the€most€inclusive€sources€of€names€forÏpotential€jurors.€€òòBoydóó,€867€S.W.2d€at€335€(citing€òòJefferson€v.€Stateóó,€559€S.W.2d€649,Ï653€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1977)).Ì àÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€R.€Evid.€803(1.2)(E).Ì öÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(b);€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(a).Ì QÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòState€v.€Leachóó,€684€S.W.2d€655,€658€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1984),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.Ïòòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1985);€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(a).Ì äÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòLeachóó,€684€S.W.2d€at€658.Ì ØÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€R.€Evid.€401.Ì »Ý ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòState€v.€Harrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€54,€73€(Tenn.€1992),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€507€U.S.€954,Ï113€S.Ct.€1368,€122€L.Ed.2d€746€(1993);€€òòState€v.€Bakeróó,€751€S.W.2d€154,€163€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1987).ÌbcdeCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$££Ý ƒ‰!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óuu'÷ÿ dxd Ý ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòHarrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€at€73;€òòBakeróó,€751€S.W.2d€at€163.Ì üÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòLeachóó,€684€S.W.2d€at€658;€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(a).Ì äÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòLeachóó,€684€S.W.2d€at€658.Ì Ý ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòState€v.€McPhersonóó,€882€S.W.2d€365,€373€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.Ïòòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1994);€€òòState€v.€Gregoryóó,€862€S.W.2d€574,€578€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993);€ÏòòState€v.€Aucoinóó,€756€S.W.2d€705,€715€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€489€U.S.Ï1084,Ì109€S.Ct.€1541,€103€L.Ed.2d€845€(1989).Ì /Ý ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòState€v.€Fordóó,€861€S.W.2d€846,€849„850€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992);€€òòState€v.ÏJacksonóó,€697€S.W.2d€366,€371€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1985);€€òòseeóóÏAdvisory€Commission€Comment€to€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€608;€€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€Neil€P.€Cohen€et€al.,ÏòòTennessee€Law€of€Evidenceóó,€ðð€608.6€at€pp.€267„68€(2d€ed.€1990).Ì êÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€R.€App.€P.€27(a)(7);€€Tenn.€Ct.€Crim.€App.€R.€10(b);€€òòState€v.€Dickersonóó,Ï885€S.W.2d€90,€92„93€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1993);€€òòState€v.ÏKillebrewóó,€760€S.W.2d€228,€231„32€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.)€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1988).Ì MÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€R.€App.€P.€27(a)(7);€€Tenn.€Ct.€Crim.€App.€R.€10(b);€€òòDickersonóó,€885ÏS.W.2d€at€92„93;€òòKillebrewóó,€760€S.W.2d€at€231„32.Ì ÜÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(b).Ì MÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€R.€App.€P.€27(a)(7);€€Tenn.€Ct.€Crim.€App.€R.€10(b);€€òòDickersonóó,€885ÏS.W.2d€at€92„93;€òòKillebrewóó,€760€S.W.2d€at€231„32.Ì "Ý ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóThis€issue€is€too€general.€€Thus,€it€does€not€comply€with€the€provisions€of€RuleÏ27(a)(4),€Tennessee€Rules€of€Appellate€Procedure;€€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2dÏ776,€778„79€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1990);€€òòseeóó€òòVillers€v.€Stateóó,Ï833€S.W.2d€98,€99€n.€1€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1992);€€òòState€v.ÏDykesóó,€803€S.W.2d€250,€254„55€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1990);€ÏòòState€v.€Newsomeóó,€744€S.W.2d€911,€914€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.Ï1987).€Ì ôÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóIt€has€long€been€established€that€the€intermediate€appellate€courts€may€notÏweigh€the€evidence.€€òòSeeóó€òòMatthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€at€778;€òòCary€v.€Arrowsmithóó,€777ÏS.W.2d€8,€23€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1989).€€Consequently,€this€sub„issue€cannot€be€considered.Ì ÝÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€Ì ¥Ý ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòState€v.€Jacksonóó,€814€S.W.2d€740,€742€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóóÏ(Tenn.€1991);€€òòState€v.€Dykesóó,€803€S.W.2d€250,€253€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.Ïòòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1990).ÌüÿP Pd çÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòMatthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€at€779.Ì PÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòLiakas€v.€Stateóó,€199€Tenn.€298,€305,€286€S.W.2d€856,€859,€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€352ÏU.S.€845,€77€S.Ct.€39,€1€L.Ed.€2d€49€(1956).€Ì þÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).Ì æÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€at€835.Ì æÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973),Ì ýÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).Ì åÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914.Ì çÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„403(a).Ì UÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Andre€P.€Virgesóó,€Shelby€County€No.€02„C„01„9206„CR„00124,Ïslip€op.€at€5€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,€February€23,€1994).Ì ñÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„11„401€and€„402.Ì Ý ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒŒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÔ€,ÔÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„11„401(b);€39„11„402(2).Ì FÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e);€€òòseeóó€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.Ct.Ï2781,€2789,€61€L.Ed.2d€560,€573€(1979).Ì ÿÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€R.€App.€P.€27(a)(7);€€Tenn.€Ct.€Crim.€App.€R.€10(b).Ì çÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).Ì üÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).Ì ÿÿCƒ‰•›£«±Right ParRight-Aligned Paragraph NumbersI.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)3|x׫<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉQX@6X9`("Courier NewTTcpiX6X@@%ä2¼A`ArialTTTTcpiXXXä2¼P±QXP( ¤T$¡¡Ó  Ó do„pØ'à(o(2Ð$¤¤Ý ƒ‰¤T!ÝÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€XÊXXXÔÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó, øð AZ‹"Arial Regular((3MÉ$¢¢Ý ƒ‰¤T!ÝÓ  ÓÝ  ÝŠŠŠŠ'ÿÿdxd ¿Ý ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòState€v.€Butleróó,€900€S.W.2d€305,€311€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994);€€òòState€v.€Smithóó,Ï891€S.W.2d€922,€929€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1994);€€òòState€v.ÏBonestelóó,€871€S.W.2d€163,€166€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).Ì jÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„103€and€„210;€òòState€v.€Scottóó,€735€S.W.2d€825,Ï829€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1987).Ì ÍeÎÏDÐÑÒDÓDÔDÕDÖD IÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóSentencing€Commission€Comments€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401;€€òòAshbyóó,Ï823€S.W.2d€at€169;€€òòButleróó,€900€S.W.2d€at€311.Ì çÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„209(b).Ì Ý ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð40„38„202;€40„38„203(2)€(Supp.€1995).Ì öÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(b);€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(a).Ì çÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(4).Ì çÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(9).Ì èÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(10).Ì èÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(13).Ì èÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(13).Ì çÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(8).Ì çÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(9).Ì èÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(10).Ì èÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(13).Ì èÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(16).Ì >Ý ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Adamsóó,€864€S.W.2d€31,€34€(Tenn.€1993);€€òòState€v.€Pearsonóó,€858ÏS.W.2d€879,€881(Tenn.€1993).Ì ëÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„1307(a)(1).Ì èÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„418€(a).Ì êÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„16„301(a)(1).Ì <Ý ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Keelóó,€882€S.W.2d€410,€419€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóóÏ(Tenn.€1994).Ì ‡Ý ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Butleróó,€900€S.W.2d€305,€312„313€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994);€€òòStateÏv.€Rainesóó,€882€S.W.2d€376,€385€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1994).Ì aÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€€Eldridgeóó,€888€S.W.2d€457,€462€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.Ïòòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1994);€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114.Ì äÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„403.Ì Ý ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Hillóó,€885€S.W.2d€357,€363„64€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.Ïòòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1994)€(aggravated€assault);€òòState€v.€Billy€Lee€Perryóó,€Sumner€CountyÏNo.€01„C„01„9211„CR„00346,€slip€op.€at€13„14€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,ÏNovember€18,€1993)€(attempt€to€commit€murder€in€the€first€degree);€€òòState€v.€Antonio€M.ÏHerronóó,€Shelby€County€No.€02„C„01„9407„CR„00144,€slip€op.€at€7€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,ÏJackson,€March€22,€1995)€(aggravated€robbery);€òòState€v.€Joseph€Henry€ClaybrooksÏand€Ronnie€W.€Jacksonóó,€Williamson€County€No.€01„C„01„9403„CC„00092€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.,€Nashville,€November€3,€1994)€(aggravated€robbery);€òòState€v.€MelvinÏWilkersonóó,€McMinn€County€No.€03„C„01„9105„00136€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,ÏJanuary€9,€1992),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1992)€(aggravated€robbery).Ì ìÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóòòState€v.€Keelóó,€882€S.W.2d€at€423.Ì êÝ ƒ‰!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€8ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(6).ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA: T Monaco ÒÒ  BA: T Monaco ÒÝ ƒ‰!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€8ÔÓ&€@@X„d&ÓÑ#€@@Xd#ÑÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÙ€bÙÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€,Ô›œßL€CDB;+'h|` ç `€€LßIN›€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€NASHVILLEÌÌNOVEMBER€1994€SESSIONÌÓ  ÓÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà à€€APPELLEE,à à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àœNo.›€01„C„01„9407„CC„00245Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àœRutherford›€CountyÌv.à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àœJames›€K.€Clayton,€Jr.,€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àœ(Facilitation›€of€a€Felony€and€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àœ›€Attempted€œEspecially€Aggravated›ÏRobbery)ÌBUFORD€E.€GAITER,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àAPPELLANT.à à)ÌÌÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àà àà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌÌTerry€A.€œFannà àà àà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌAttorney€at€Lawà àà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌ202€Main€Street,€Westà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌMurfreesboro,€TN€37130à àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àCecil€H.€RossÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àGuy€R.€DotsonÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àRutherford€County€Judicial€BuildingÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àMurfreesboro,€TN€37130ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWilliam€C.€Whitesell,€Jr.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àRutherford€County€Judicial€BuildingÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àMurfreesboro,€TN€37130ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àGregory€M.€ReedÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àRutherford€County€Judicial€BuildingÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àMurfreesboro,€TN€37130ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:____________________________ÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌJoe€B.€Jones,€JudgeÌÌØØÙ  ÙÑ7€,Ê,XXdæXXdÈ7ÑÓ  Óò òO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óÌÓ  ÓÌÌÌÓÓà àThe€appellant,€Buford€E.€Gaiter,€was€convicted€of€facilitation€of€a€felony,€murderÏin€the€first€degree,€a€Class€A€felony,€and€attempt€to€commit€especially€aggravatedÏrobbery,€a€Class€B€felony,€by€a€jury€of€his€peers.€€The€trial€court,€finding€that€theÏappellant€was€a€standard€offender,€imposed€the€following€Range€I€sentences:€€(a)€Ïfacilitation€of€a€felony,€confinement€for€twenty„two€(22)€years€in€the€Department€ofÏCorrection€and€(b)€attempt€to€commit€especially€aggravated€robbery,€confinement€forÏeleven€(11)€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction.€€The€sentences€are€to€be€servedÏconsecutively.€€The€effective€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court€was€confinement€forÏthirty„three€(33)€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction.Ìà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€Ìà àOn€the€evening€of€February€7,€1993,€James€L.€Moore,€Demond€Baker,€and€theÏappellant€were€driving€around€in€Moore's€vehicle.€€The€appellant€asked€Moore€andÍBaker€if€they€wanted€to€rob€some€establishment.€€The€parties€discussed€if€they€shouldÏgo€to€Lebanon,€Baker's€hometown,€to€commit€the€robbery.€€Moore€said€he€thought€theyÏshould€rob€a€business€in€Murfreesboro.€€It€was€agreed€that€they€would€rob€the€firstÏstore€they€passed.Ìà àThe€Jr.€Food€Store€was€approximately€350€yards€from€the€NottinghamÏApartments.€€It€happened€to€be€the€first€store.€€The€appellant€had€both€of€Moore'sÏpistols.€€He€gave€Moore€the€.25€caliber€automatic€pistol.€€The€appellant€kept€the€.22Ïcaliber€pistol.€€It€was€agreed€that€Moore€would€enter€the€store€and€rob€the€clerk€of€theÏstore's€receipts.€€The€appellant€agreed€to€stay€outside€the€store€and€maintain€aÏlookout.€€Baker€remained€with€Moore's€vehicle.Ìà àThe€appellant€went€inside€a€telephone€booth€outside€the€convenience€store.€ÏMoore€went€inside,€exhibited€the€pistol,€and€demanded€that€the€clerk€open€the€cashÏregister€and€give€him€the€money.€€Moore€shot€the€clerk€three€times.€€He€then€wentÏbehind€the€counter,€attempted€to€open€the€cash€register,€but€he€was€unable€to€operateÏthe€register.€€When€Moore€exited€the€store,€he€told€the€appellant€that€he€had€shot€theÏclerk.€€He€then€went€to€his€vehicle,€and€he€and€Baker€fled€the€scene.€€As€Baker€ran€toÏthe€car,€he€thought€the€appellant€was€right€behind€him.€€However,€for€some€unknownÏreason,€the€appellant€stayed€at€the€scene€of€the€crime.€€Moore€and€Baker€went€to€anÏapartment€located€in€the€University€Apartment€complex.Ìà àKerry€D.€Neal€arrived€at€the€store€shortly€after€the€clerk€had€been€murdered.€€HeÏsaw€the€appellant€walking€slowly€across€the€parking€lot.€€Neal€entered€the€store€toÏpurchase€cigarettes.€€The€appellant€entered€the€store€after€Neal.€€When€the€clerk€didÏnot€appear,€Neal€went€looking€for€him.€€He€found€the€victim€lying€behind€the€counter.€ÍHe€told€the€appellant€to€call€911.€€The€appellant€went€outside€and€called€911€from€theÏtelephone€booth.€€Neal€called€911€on€the€store's€telephone.Ìà àDr.€George€Smith,€who€maintained€an€office€next€door€to€the€convenience€store,Ïwent€to€the€store€to€purchase€something€to€drink.€€As€he€approached€the€storeÏentrance,€the€appellant€stopped€him€and€said€that€the€store€was€closed.€€Dr.€SmithÏknew€the€store€was€open€this€late€so€he€entered€anyway.€€When€he€discovered€that€theÏclerk€had€been€shot,€he€rendered€medical€assistance.€€He€attended€the€clerk€until€theÏparamedics€arrived.€€The€clerk€was€then€transported€to€a€local€hospital.Ìà àMoore€and€Baker€were€concerned€that€the€appellant€had€not€arrived€at€theÏapartment.€€Baker€drove€Moore's€vehicle€to€the€vicinity€of€the€convenience€store,€andÏslowed€or€came€to€a€complete€stop€in€the€street.€€He€was€able€to€see€the€appellantÏtalking€to€the€police€officers.€€Baker€returned€to€the€apartment€and€told€Moore€what€heÏhad€seen.Ìà àWhen€the€police€officers€arrived,€they€interviewed€Neal,€Smith,€and€theÏappellant.€€The€appellant€identified€himself€as€"Jaques€A.€Harris."€€The€appellant€metÏMoore€and€Baker€shortly€after€the€interview€was€completed.€€They€subsequently€droveÏto€the€hospital,€the€appellant€exited€the€vehicle,€and€entered€the€emergency€room€soÏthat€he€could€determine€the€clerk's€condition.€€He€then€left€the€hospital€with€Moore€andÏBaker.Ì€à àDr.€Smith€had€seen€Baker€when€he€returned€to€the€vicinity€of€the€convenienceÏstore.€€He€was€curious€as€to€why€the€vehicle€had€stopped€in€the€street.€€Later,€SmithÏsaw€this€same€vehicle€exit€the€apartment€complex.€€He€followed€the€vehicle€to€theÏhospital€and€he€saw€the€appellant€exit€the€vehicle.€€However,€he€did€not€see€theÍappellant€inside€the€hospital.€€When€Smith€returned€home,€he€began€thinking€aboutÏthe€vehicle€he€had€seen.€€It€puzzled€him.€€He€called€the€police€officers€and€advisedÏthem€of€what€he€had€seen.Ìà àThe€appellant€gave€the€officers€the€address€of€Jaques€Harris,€a€student€atÏMiddle€Tennessee€State€University.€€The€day€after€the€murder€the€officers€locatedÏHarris.€€They€realized€that€Harris€was€not€the€person€that€was€inside€the€convenienceÏstore.Ìà àOfficer€Terry€Spence€was€patrolling€in€the€vicinity€of€the€Nottingham€ApartmentsÏprior€to€the€murder.€€There€were€three€individuals€standing€in€front€of€an€apartment.€ÏSpence€noticed€several€individuals€entering€and€exiting€the€apartment.€€He€shined€hisÏhead€lights€on€the€three€individuals,€exited€the€cruiser,€and€approached€them.€€Moore,Ïthe€appellant,€and€Arthur€L.€Cole,€Jr.,€were€the€three€individuals.€€Spence€knew€ColeÏfrom€previous€encounters.€€When€Spence€returned€to€police€headquarters,€he€viewedÏa€video€tape€that€was€removed€from€a€security€camera€located€inside€the€convenienceÏstore.€€The€camera€had€captured€Moore€murdering€the€clerk.€€The€appellant€alsoÏappeared€in€the€video€tape.€€Spence€recognized€Moore€and€the€appellant€as€two€ofÏthe€individuals€he€had€seen€with€Cole.€€He€advised€the€investigating€officers€of€hisÏencounter€earlier€that€evening.Ìà àThe€investigating€officers€contacted€Cole.€€They€related€that€they€wanted€to€talkÏwith€an€individual€named€Jaques€A.€Harris.€€Cole€contacted€the€appellant€and€advisedÏhim€that€the€officers€wanted€to€talk€to€him.€€The€appellant€agreed€to€meet€the€officers.€ÏWhen€the€officers€contacted€Cole€later€that€day,€he€advised€the€officers€that€theÏappellant€was€willing€to€talk€to€them.€€The€appellant€subsequently€met€the€officers€atÍCole's€apartment.Ìà àThe€appellant€gave€the€officers€an€exculpatory€statement.€€He€admitted€that€heÏknew€Moore,€and€they€had€lunch€together€that€day.€€He€had€also€driven€Moore'sÏvehicle.€€However,€he€denied€being€with€Moore€and€Baker€when€the€crime€wasÏcommitted.€€He€stated€that€he€was€walking€to€the€store€to€purchase€food€when€he€wasÏpaged.€€He€stopped€at€the€Burro€Lounge€and€used€the€telephone.€€He€subsequentlyÏwent€to€the€convenience€store€where€he€discovered€the€clerk€had€been€shot.€€HeÏadmitted€seeing€Moore€and€Baker€at€the€apartment€after€the€officers€completed€theÏinterview.€€He€also€said€that€he€went€to€the€hospital€because€he€was€concerned€aboutÏthe€clerk€and€wanted€to€determine€his€condition.€€€Ìà àThe€appellant€identified€Moore€as€the€person€who€shot€the€clerk.€€Apparently,ÏMoore€did€not€implicate€the€appellant€following€his€arrest.€€However,€Baker€gave€aÏstatement€following€his€arrest€that€revealed€the€appellant's€role€in€the€commission€ofÏthe€crimes.Ìà àThe€parties€entered€into€a€stipulation€regarding€the€cause€of€the€clerk's€death.€ÏThe€stipulation€stated€that€the€clerk€"died€as€a€result€of€three€gunshots€fired€from€aÏRaven€.25€caliber€pistol€.€.€.€[fired]€by€James€Lafayette€Moore€on€February€7,€1993."ÌÌÓ  Óò òI.Ìó óÌÓ  Óà àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€committed€error€of€prejudicialÏdimensions€in€denying€his€motion€to€suppress€the€statement€he€gave€to€MurfreesboroÏpolice€officers€on€February€9,€1993.€€He€argues€that€he€made€it€clear€that€he€wanted€anÍattorney,€but€he€was€not€given€the€opportunity€to€call€an€attorney.€€He€also€argues€thatÏhe€was€a€suspect,€and€the€officers€should€have€advised€him€of€his€rights€before€theÏinitial€questioning.€Ìà àWhen€the€initial€contact€occurred€between€the€officers€and€the€appellant,€theÏappellant€expressed€concern€that€he€would€be€arrested.€€The€officers€assured€theÏappellant€that€he€would€not€be€arrested.€€Once€he€gave€a€statement€concerning€whatÏhe€knew€about€the€murder€he€would€be€free€to€leave.Ìà àThe€record€reflects€the€appellant€told€the€officers€that€he€was€willing€to€talk€toÏthem.€€An€officer€asked€the€appellant:€€"Do€you€mind€talking€to€us€about€that€[theÏmurder]?"€€The€appellant€responded:€€"I€don't€mind€at€all€unless€it's€something€that€IÏthink€might,€you€know,€be€a€question€now€I'm€not€really€sure€of€[then€I€may€want€to]€talkÏto€my€lawyer."€€The€€officers€discussed€the€homicide€with€the€appellant€for€a€period€ofÏtime.€€The€officers€then€took€a€recorded€statement€from€the€appellant.€The€officers€gaveÏthe€appellant€the€òòMirandaóó€warnings€before€taking€the€recorded€statement.€€TheÏappellant€refused€to€execute€a€written€waiver€form.Ìà àWhen€the€statement€was€concluded,€the€appellant€left€the€police€station.€€AnÏofficer€drove€him€to€where€he€wanted€to€go.ÌÌÓ  Óò òA.ó óÌÌÓ  Óà àIn€òòMiranda€v.€Arizonaóó,× ƒE ××  ×€the€United€States€Supreme€Court€held€that€theÏstatement€of€an€accused,€"whether€exculpatory€or€inculpatory,€stemming€from€custodialÍinterrogation[,]"€cannot€be€introduced€into€evidence€unless€the€state€demonstrates€thatÏ"procedural€safeguards"€were€used€to€protect€the€accused's€privilege€against€self„incrimination.× ƒF ××  ×€€òòMirandaóó€requires€that€a€person€subjected€to€"custodial€interrogation"Ïmust€be€given€the€following€warnings:€€(a)€he€has€the€right€to€remain€silent,€(b)€anyÏstatement€he€makes€may€be€used€against€him,€and€(c)€"he€has€a€right€to€the€presenceÏof€an€attorney,€either€retained€or€appointed."× ƒG ××  ×€€These€"procedural€safeguards"€areÏcommonly€referred€to€as€the€òòMirandaóó€warnings.Ìà àThe€United€States€Supreme€Court€limited€its€holding€in€òòMirandaóó€to€"custodialÏinterrogation."× ƒH ××  ×€€The€Court€defined€the€phrase€"custodial€interrogation"€as€"questioningÏinitiated€by€law€enforcement€officers€after€a€person€has€been€taken€into€custody€orÏotherwise€deprived€of€his€freedom€of€action€in€any€significant€way."× ƒI ××  ×€€A€person€is€"inÏcustody"€within€the€meaning€of€òòMirandaóó€if€there€has€been€"a€'formal€arrest€or€restraintÏon€freedom€of€movement'€of€the€degree€associated€with€a€formal€arrest."× ƒK ××  ×€€The€CourtÍhas€refused€to€extend€the€holding€in€òòMirandaóó€to€non„custodial€interrogations.× ƒL ××  ×Ìà àIn€this€case,€the€appellant€was€not€in€"custody"€within€the€meaning€of€òòMirandaóó.€ÏAs€previously€stated,€he€voluntarily€accompanied€the€officers€to€police€headquartersÏwith€the€understanding€that€he€would€not€be€arrested.€€When€the€statement€wasÏcompleted,€he€was€permitted€to€leave.€€A€police€officer€actually€drove€the€appellant€toÏthe€location€that€he€designated.€€Therefore,€the€officers€were€not€required€to€advise€theÏappellant€of€the€òòMirandaóó€warnings€when€the€interview€commenced.€€Additionally,€thisÏCourt€finds€that€the€appellant€gave€the€statement€freely€and€voluntarily.ÌÌÓ  Óò òB.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€statement€made€by€the€appellant€concerning€counsel€was€not€sufficient€toÏinvoke€the€Fifth€Amendment€right€to€counsel.€€In€òòDavis€v.€United€Statesóó,× ƒM ××  ×€the€UnitedÏStates€Supreme€Court€explained€that€an€accused€"must€articulate€his€desire€to€haveÏcounsel€present€sufficiently€clearly€that€a€reasonable€police€officer€in€theÏcircumstances€would€understand€the€statement€to€be€a€request€for€an€attorney."× ƒN ××  ×€Ìà àIn€this€case,€the€appellant's€statement€was€not€a€clear€articulation€that€he€wasÍinvoking€his€right€to€counsel.€€It€failed€to€"meet€the€requisite€level€of€clarity."× ƒO ××  ×€€TheÏessence€of€his€statement€was€a€willingness€to€talk€to€the€officers,€but,€if€he€thought€thatÏhe€had€a€need€for€an€attorney,€he€would€tell€the€officers.€€Thus,€the€officers€were€notÏrequired€to€stop€the€interview€when€the€appellant€made€the€statement.Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÓ  Óò òII.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€committed€prejudicial€error€in€denyingÏhis€motion€in€limine.€€He€sought€to€exclude€a€video€tape€that€captured€Moore€killing€theÏvictim€and€the€appellant's€subsequent€entry€into€the€convenience€store.€€He€arguesÏthat€the€video€tape€was€irrelevant€because€Moore€took€the€witness€stand€and€testifiedÏthat€he€entered€the€convenience€store€and€killed€the€clerk.€€He€also€refers€to€theÏstipulation€between€the€parties.Ìà àQuestions€concerning€the€admissibility€of€evidence€rest€within€the€soundÏdiscretion€of€the€trial€court.× ƒP ××  ×€€This€Court€will€not€interfere€with€the€exercise€of€thisÍdiscretion€absent€a€clear€abuse€appearing€on€the€face€of€the€record.× ƒQ ××  ×€€The€trial€courtÏdid€not€abuse€its€discretion€by€permitting€the€state€to€introduce€the€video€tape€that€wasÏrecorded€through€the€eyes€of€a€security€camera€inside€the€store.€€Moreover,€theÏcontents€of€the€video€tape€had€probative€value€which€far€outweighed€any€prejudicialÏaffect€that€the€introduction€of€the€video€tape€may€have€had€on€the€trier€of€fact.× ƒR ××  ×Ìà àThe€state€was€required€to€establish€that€(a)€Moore€murdered€the€victim€and€(b)Ïhe€demanded€money€from€the€victim€at€gunpoint€as€well€as€inflicted€serious€bodilyÏinjury€to€the€victim.€€The€best€evidence€of€these€facts€was€the€video€tape.€€While€MooreÏdid€testify€concerning€his€conduct,€he€had€a€shady€past€and€had€been€convicted€of€theÏmurder€and€attempt€to€commit€an€especially€aggravated€robbery.€€It€is€possible€that€theÏjury€may€have€opted€to€discredit€his€testimony.€€The€contents€of€the€video€tapeÏcorroborated€his€testimony€and€assisted€the€state€in€making€Moore€a€more€credibleÏwitness.€€It€also€permitted€the€triers€of€fact€to€view€the€appellant,€who€also€appeared€onÏthe€video€tape,€to€determine€if€his€actions€were€the€same€as€described€in€the€statementÏhe€gave€the€police.Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÓ  Óò òIII.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€appellant€argues€that€the€trial€court€committed€prejudicial€error€in€refusingÍto€exclude€evidence€that€the€appellant€asserted€a€false€identification,€Jaques€Harris.€ÏThis€evidence€was€relevant,€and€the€probative€value€of€this€evidence€far€outweighedÏany€prejudicial€effect€it€may€have€had€on€the€trier€of€fact.× ƒS ××  ×Ìà àThe€appellant's€use€of€a€false€identity€reveals€his€state€of€mind€on€the€night€ofÏthe€murder.€€Moreover,€the€appellate€courts€of€this€state€have€consistently€held€that€theÏtrier€of€fact€can€draw€an€inference€from€an€accused's€effort€to€conceal€his€or€her€identityÏthat€the€accused€was€"engaged€in€some€activity€in€which€it€was€deemed€necessary€toÏconceal€his€or€her€identify."× ƒT ××  ×ÌÓ  Óò òIV.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€appellant€moved€the€trial€court€to€continue€the€case,€or,€in€the€alternative,€toÏmove€the€case€to€another€county€due€to€the€"publicity€and€media€coverage€before€andÏduring€the€trial."€€He€premised€his€motions€upon€the€publicity€given€to€a€murder€inÏNashville.€€The€morning€the€trial€commenced,€a€Nashville€newspaper€had€two€frontÏpage€articles€pertaining€to€the€murder€of€a€young€girl€by€three€individuals.Ìà àThere€is€nothing€in€the€record€to€establish€the€appellant's€claim€of€extensive€orÏunfair€"publicity€and€media€coverage€before€and€during€the€trial."€€Defense€counselÏbrought€a€copy€of€the€òòTennesseanóó€to€the€courtroom€and€asked€"that€it€be€marked€forÏidentification."€€This€paper€was€subsequently€moved€into€evidence.€€The€appellantÍmade€no€further€effort€to€establish€his€claim€by€competent€proof.Ìà àThe€trial€court€made€an€inquiry€about€the€articles€in€the€newspaper€and€whetherÏit€would€have€an€effect€upon€the€prospective€jurors'€ability€to€render€a€fair€and€impartialÏverdict.€€The€jurors€remained€silent.€€The€trial€court€also€made€inquiry€about€theÏprospective€jurors'€knowledge€of€the€murder€for€which€the€appellant€was€being€tried.€ÏThere€were€positive€responses.€€However,€these€individuals€were€not€seated€as€jurors.Ìà àIt€is€a€well„established€rule€of€law€that€questions€concerning€continuances€andÏchanges€in€venue€are€addressed€to€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€court.× ƒU ××  ×€€AnÏappellate€court€will€not€interfere€with€the€exercise€of€this€discretion€unless€the€recordÏclearly€establishes€that€the€court€abused€this€discretion.× ƒV ××  ×Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.Ì€€ÌÓ  Óò òV.ÌÓ  ÓÌà àó óThe€appellant€contends€that€he€was€denied€a€fair€trial€as€a€result€of€theÏcomposition€of€the€jury€panel.€€He€contends:ÌÒ ¸ ÒÒ  ÒÓÓÌ1.€The€Defendant€was€denied€a€trial€by€a€jury€of€his€peers,Ïto„wit:€€he€is€a€black€American€and€all€the€jurors€who€wereÍcalled€upon€for€service€in€this€jury€and€who€sat€in€judgmentÏon€him€were€caucasian.ÌÌ2.€The€Trial€Court€erred€in€overruling€the€Defendant'sÏchallenge€to€the€array€of€jurors€for€the€reason€that€thereÏwere€no€black€Americans€available€in€the€jury€panel€for€juryÏservice.ÌÌ3.€€The€Defendant€was€denied€a€fair€trial€by€jury€in€that€theÏjury€venire€did€not€proportionately€represent€the€communityÏin€violation€of€the€Sixth,€Eighth,€and€FourteenthÏAmendments€to€the€United€States€Constitution€and€underÏArticle€I,€Sections€8,€9,€and€16€of€the€TennesseeÏConstitution.× ƒW ××  ×ÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓà àAlthough€the€prospective€jurors€were€in€the€courtroom€prior€to€and€during€theÏvoir€dire€proceedings,€the€appellant€waited€until€the€jury€was€almost€seated€before€heÏmade€a€òòBatsonóó× ƒX ××  ×€motion.€€However,€it€is€not€clear€whether€African„Americans€were€partÏof€the€panel€available€to€be€selected€as€jurors.€€The€trial€court€noted€that€there€wereÍAfrican„Americans€that€were€included€in€the€panel.€€Both€defense€counsel€and€the€trialÏcourt€noted€there€were€African„Americans€sitting€in€the€courtroom,€but€neither€defenseÏcounsel€nor€the€trial€court€knew€if€these€individuals€were€members€of€the€jury€panel.€ÏDefense€counsel€stated:ÌÓÓÌÒ ¸ ÒÒ  ÒI'm€not€sure€if€any€of€the€African€Americans€who€are€here€inÏthe€audience€are€on€the€jury€panel.€€Of€course,€we€don'tÏknow€that€by€looking€at€the€questionnaires.€€We€don't€knowÏuntil€they're€called€by€your€Honor€to€come€and€sit€before€us.€ÏBut€I€felt€it€important€to€protect€Mr.€Gaiter's€rights€and€makeÏthat€motion€before€the€Court.ÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ  ÒThe€trial€court€stated:ÌÌÒ ¸ ÒÒ  ÒÌI€know€they€haven't€been€systematically€excluded.€€WhetherÏwe've€got€any€in€here,€I€don't€know€either,€but€I€know€weÏhad€some€on€the€list€of€the€names€that€were€called.€€Now,Ïwhether€or€not€they€were€here,€I€don't€know.ÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓ€€ò òà àó óThe€appellant€attempted€to€establish€an€evidentiary€basis€for€his€motion€post„trial.€€The€Election€Commission€Registrar€and€a€deputy€clerk€testified€regarding€theÏselection€of€names€for€jury€service.€€It€was€established€that€the€African„AmericanÏpopulation€of€Rutherford€County€was€approximately€nine€(9)€percent.€€An€equalÏnumber€of€names€was€selected€for€each€of€the€twenty„one€districts€in€the€county.€€OneÏof€the€districts€consisted€mainly€of€African„Americans.€€The€names€were€selected€fromÏthe€voter€registration€list.€€Most€of€the€records€do€not€contain€either€the€race€or€the€sexÏof€the€individuals€selected.Ìà àThe€trial€court€found€that€the€system€utilized€in€Rutherford€County€did€notÏsystematically€exclude€African„Americans.€€The€record€supports€the€factual€finding€ofÍthe€trial€court€in€this€regard.€€The€appellate€courts€of€this€state€have€consistently€heldÏthat€the€use€of€voter€registration€lists€provides€a€constitutional€means€of€selectingÏcitizens€for€jury€service.× ƒY ××  ×Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÓ  Óò òVI.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€committed€error€of€prejudicialÏdimensions€by€permitting€Moore€to€relate€statements€made€by€Baker.€€He€argues€thatÏthis€constituted€inadmissible€hearsay.€€Furthermore,€this€testimony€violated€hisÏconstitutional€right€to€confront€and€cross„examine€Baker,€the€person€who€made€theÏstatements€related€by€Moore.€€The€trial€court€permitted€the€statement€to€be€introducedÏas€a€statement€made€by€a€co„conspirator€during€the€course€of€a€conspiracy.× ƒZ ××  ×Ìà àThe€evidence€contained€in€the€record€reveals€that€Moore,€Baker,€and€theÏappellant€conspired€to€commit€a€robbery.€€They€first€discussed€going€to€Lebanon,ÏBaker's€hometown,€to€commit€the€robbery.€€They€settled€on€robbing€the€nextÏestablishment€they€reached.€€The€convenience€store€in€question€was€a€short€distanceÏaway.Ìà àMoore€testified€that€he€gave€Baker€his€car€keys€to€go€see€where€the€appellantÏwas€after€the€attempted€robbery.€€Baker€went€to€the€vicinity€of€the€convenience€storeÏand€returned€to€the€apartment.€€He€advised€Moore€that€the€appellant€was€at€theÏconvenience€store€talking€to€a€police€officer.€€Of€course,€this€fact€was€also€establishedÏby€the€video€tape€taken€from€the€security€camera€and€the€testimony€of€two€policeÏofficers€who€saw€the€appellant€and€interviewed€him€as€a€potential€witness.€€TheÏappellant€appeared€at€the€apartment€approximately€ten€minutes€later.€Ìà àThis€evidence€was€admissible€as€a€statement€of€a€co„conspirator.€€Tenn.€R.ÏEvid.€803(1.2)(E)€provides€that€a€"statement€offered€against€a€party€that€is€.€.€.€(E)€aÏstatement€by€a€co„conspirator€of€a€party€during€the€course€of€and€in€furtherance€of€theÏconspiracy"€is€admissible€as€an€exception€to€the€hearsay€rule.€€However,€assumingÏòòarguendoóó€that€it€was€error€to€admit€this€evidence,€the€error€was€harmless€since€thisÏsame€fact€was€established€by€the€video€tape€from€the€security€camera€and€two€policeÏofficers.× ƒ[ ××  ×Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.€ÌÌÓ  Óò òVII.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€committed€error€of€prejudicialÏdimensions€in€denying€his€motion€for€a€mistrial.€€The€motion€was€predicated€uponÏMoore's€testimony€that€he€and€the€appellant€went€to€the€appellant's€motel€room€andÏsmoked€"primo,"€a€mixture€of€crack€cocaine€and€cigarette€tobacco,€on€the€date€inÍquestion.Ìà àThe€appellant€did€not€object€or€move€for€a€mistrial€when€the€testimony€wasÏreceived€into€evidence.€€Moore€and€two€additional€witnesses€completed€theirÏtestimony€the€first€day€of€trial.€€The€appellant€did€not€make€his€motion€for€a€mistrial€untilÏthe€next€day.€€As€a€result,€the€appellant€has€waived€this€issue.× ƒ\ ××  ×Ìà àA€motion€for€a€mistrial,€like€an€objection,€must€be€made€contemporaneously€withÏthe€objectionable€testimony.× ƒ] ××  ×€€In€òòState€v.€Leachóó,€defense€counsel€did€not€make€aÏcontemporaneous€objection€or€motion€when€the€objectionable€testimony€was€receivedÏinto€evidence.€€He€waited€until€another€witness€had€testified€before€making€a€motionÏfor€a€mistrial.€€This€Court€held€that€Leach€had€waived€the€issue.€€Furthermore,€RuleÏ36(a),€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.,€provides€that€a€party€is€not€entitled€to€relief€when€the€partyÏ"failed€to€take€whatever€action€was€reasonably€available€to€prevent€or€nullify€theÏharmful€effect€of€an€error."Ìà àBesides€failing€to€object,€defense€counsel€questioned€Moore€at€great€lengthÏabout€his€drug€use€on€the€date€in€question.€€He€specifically€referred€to€the€testimonyÏwhich€is€challenged€in€this€issue.€€Moore€referred€to€"we"€when€describing€the€illicitÏdrugs€that€had€been€consumed.€€This€too€resulted€in€the€waiver€of€the€issue.€€A€partyÏcannot€compound€the€error€allegedly€made€by€a€trial€court€and€later€seek€relief€basedÏupon€this€error.Ìà àAlso,€if€this€issue€was€considered€on€the€merits,€this€Court€would€hold€that€theÍappellant€is€not€entitled€to€relief€based€upon€this€error.€€€This€Court€parentheticallyÏnotes€that€when€the€trial€court€denied€the€motion€for€a€mistrial,€the€court€advisedÏcounsel€that€a€curative€instruction€would€be€included€in€the€charge€given€to€the€jury.€€ÌÌÓ  Óò òVIII.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌ€€€à àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€committed€error€of€prejudicialÏdimensions€by€permitting€the€state€to€introduce€the€clothing€Moore€wore€on€the€night€inÏquestion,€the€.25€caliber€pistol€used€to€kill€the€victim,€the€.22€caliber€ammunition€foundÏin€Moore's€motor€vehicle,€and€the€shell€casing€found€at€the€scene€of€the€murder.€€HeÏargues€that€all€of€these€items€were€not€relevant€to€the€issues€that€the€jury€wouldÏultimately€resolve.× ƒ^ ××  ×Ìà àIt€is€a€well„established€rule€of€law€that€questions€concerning€the€admissibility€ofÏevidence€are€addressed€to€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€court.× ƒ` ××  ×€€An€appellate€courtÏwill€not€interfere€with€the€exercise€of€this€discretion€absent€clear€abuse€appearing€onÏthe€face€of€the€record.× ƒf ××  ×Ìà àThe€appellant€ignores€the€fact€that€the€state€was€required€to€establish€that€aÏfelony€was€committed.€€This€is€especially€true€when€the€trial€court€charges€the€jury€onÍthe€offense€of€facilitation€to€commit€a€felony,€and€the€jury€convicts€the€accused€of€thisÏoffense.€€Moore's€clothing€was€admissible€to€establish€that€he€was€the€same€personÏOfficer€Spence€saw€earlier€in€the€evening,€and€Moore€was€the€same€person€whoÏmurdered€the€victim,€an€event€recorded€by€the€security€camera.€€Also,€the€.25€caliberÏweapon,€the€murder€weapon,€was€admissible€along€with€the€casings€that€were€firedÏfrom€a€.25€caliber€weapon.€€Consequently,€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€byÏallowing€the€state€to€introduce€this€demonstrative€evidence.Ìà àThe€.22€caliber€ammunition€and€the€ammunition€box€found€in€Moore's€motorÏvehicle€were€relevant€to€show€that€two€weapons€were€used€to€commit€the€crime.€€ItÏcorroborated€the€fact€that€the€guns€belonged€to€Moore.€€Thus,€this€issue€is€withoutÏmerit.ÌÌÓ  Óò òIX.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€appellant€identified€Moore€as€the€murderer€to€the€police.€€During€Moore'sÏcross„examination,€defense€counsel€attempted€to€paint€a€picture€that€Moore€wasÏtestifying€to€seek€revenge€for€the€appellant's€actions€in€this€regard.€€When€the€assistantÏdistrict€attorney€general€questioned€Moore€during€re„direct€examination,€he€askedÏMoore€what€Arthur€Cole€had€told€the€police.€€Defense€counsel€interposed€an€objectionÏon€the€ground€the€question€called€for€hearsay.€€The€assistant€district€attorney€generalÏstated€that€this€evidence€fell€within€the€state€of€mind€hearsay€exception.€€The€trial€courtÏdenied€the€objection.€€Moore€testified€that€Cole€told€the€police€he,€Cole,€was€not€sureÏthat€the€person€in€the€video€tape€was€Moore,€but€the€person€depicted€in€the€video€tapeÍwore€his€hat€the€same€way€Moore€wore€his€hat.Ìà àWhile€it€is€doubtful€that€this€evidence€was€admissible€pursuant€to€Tenn.€R.€Evid.Ï803(3),€the€evidence€was€nevertheless€admissible.€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€803(1.1)€provides:€Ï"A€statement€of€identification€of€a€person€made€after€perceiving€the€person€if€theÏdeclarant€testifies€at€the€trial€or€hearing€and€is€subject€to€cross„examination€concerningÏthe€statement."€€The€Advisory€Commission€Comment€to€this€rule€states:€€"Note€also€.€.€.Ïthat€witnesses€other€than€the€declarant€may€testify€about€the€identifying€declaration."€ÏArthur€Cole€was€called€as€a€prosecution€witness.€€Thus,€the€appellant€had€everyÏopportunity€to€cross„examine€Cole€regarding€his€alleged€identification€of€Moore.Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÓ  Óò òX.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€committed€error€of€prejudicialÏdimensions€by€(a)€allowing€Officer€Spence€to€testify€about€an€encounter€with€Moore,ÏCole,€and€the€appellant€and€that€the€appellant€was€seen€in€an€area€of€high€drugÏtrafficking€and€engaged€in€suspicious€activity€earlier€on€the€night€in€question;€and€(b)Ïallowing€Officer€Michael€Turner€to€testify€about€the€appellant's€demeanor€when€he€wasÏquestioned€at€the€scene€of€the€crime.€€He€argues€different€grounds€for€each€issue.ÌÌÓ  Óò òA.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àOfficer€Terry€Spence€encountered€Cole,€Moore,€and€the€appellant€in€theÍNottingham€Apartment€complex.€€He€testified€on€direct€examination:ÌÓÓÌÒ ¸ ÒÒ  ÒThere€were€several€cars€that€were€parked€in€front€of€whereÏthey€were€standing.€€I€put€my€headlights€on€them,€got€out€ofÏmy€vehicle,€walked€up€to€the€subject,€one€of€the€subjects€IÏknew€as€Arthur€[Cole].€€They€just€didn't€look€right€standingÏthere.€€There€was€a€òòlot€of€traffic€coming€in€and€out€of€theÏapartment€where€they€had€beenóó,€and€I€asked€who€theyÏwere.€€(Emphasis€added).ÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓNo€objection€was€interposed€when€this€testimony€was€received€into€evidence.Ìà àDuring€cross„examination,€defense€counsel€and€Officer€Spence€had€theÏfollowing€colloquy:ÌÓÓÌÒ ¸ ÒÒ  ÒQ.€€€Now€you€didn't€arrest€those€individuals€did€you?ÌÌA.€€€No,€sir,€I€didn't.ÌÌQ.€And€when€you€saw€those€individuals€at€NottinghamÏApartments,€you€weren't€investigating€a€crime,€were€you?ÌÌA.€€No,€sir.€€There€was€just€a€lot€of€high€„„€€òòI€call€it€riffraffÏcoming€out€of€Apartment€A„3óó.€€(Emphasis€added).ÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓÓAgain,€no€objection€was€interposed€when€this€testimony€was€received€into€evidenceÏduring€cross„examination.Ìà àOfficer€Spence€and€another€witness€finished€their€testimony€the€first€day.€€TheÏfollowing€morning€the€appellant€moved€for€a€mistrial€based€in€part€on€the€testimony€ofÏOfficer€Spence€as€hereinabove€set€forth.€€As€a€result,€the€appellant€has€waived€thisÏissue.× ƒg ××  ×Ìà àA€motion€for€a€mistrial,€like€an€objection,€must€be€made€contemporaneously€withÏthe€objectionable€testimony.× ƒh ××  ×€€In€òòState€v.€Leachóó,€defense€counsel€did€not€make€aÏcontemporaneous€objection€or€motion€when€the€objectionable€testimony€was€receivedÏinto€evidence.€€He€waited€until€another€witness€had€testified€before€making€a€motionÏfor€a€mistrial.€€This€Court€held€that€Leach€had€waived€the€issue.€€Furthermore,€RuleÏ36(a),€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.,€provides€that€a€party€is€not€entitled€to€relief€when€the€partyÏ"failed€to€take€whatever€action€was€reasonably€available€to€prevent€or€nullify€theÏharmful€effect€of€an€error."Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÓ  Ó€€ò òB.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€investigating€officers€considered€the€appellant€a€witness€because€heÏentered€the€convenience€store€shortly€after€Moore€murdered€the€victim.€€OfficerÏMichael€W.€Turner€took€a€statement€from€the€appellant€at€the€convenience€store.€TheÏassistant€district€attorney€general€asked€Officer€Turner€to€describe€the€appellant'sÏdemeanor€„„€how€the€appellant€was€acting€while€being€questioned.€€The€appellantÏinterposed€an€objection€on€the€ground€that€the€testimony€was€not€relevant.€€The€trialÏcourt€denied€the€objection.€€Officer€Turner€stated:ÌÓÓÌà8 àà8 àVery€scared€and€appeared€very€nervous,€shaking.€€When€IÏasked€him€for€his€date€of€birth,€he€had€a€hard€time€recallingÏhis€date€of€birth.€€Right€offhand,€he€was€not€thinking€realÍclear€at€the€time€at€that€point€when€I€asked€that€particularÏquestion.ÌÌÌÓÓThe€appellant€now€argues€that€this€testimony€"placed€Mr.€Gaiter's€credibility€andÏcharacter€at€issue,€in€violation€of€Rule€404€and€608",€Tennessee€Rules€of€Evidence.Ìà àThis€issue€has€been€waived.€€The€appellant's€objections€were€based€onÏrelevancy.€€He€now€has€abandoned€that€ground€and€asserts€a€different€ground€for€hisÏtheory€that€this€evidence€was€not€admissible.× ƒi ××  ×Ìà àThis€Court€parenthetically€notes€that€Officer€Turner€was€questioned€at€lengthÏabout€this€particular€testimony€during€cross„examination.€€Officer€Turner€testified€thatÏthe€appellant€was€cooperative,€that€the€other€witnesses€exhibited€the€same€demeanorÏas€the€appellant,€and€that€he€was€not€surprised€by€the€demeanor€of€either€theÏappellant€or€the€other€two€witness.€€Moreover,€this€testimony€did€not€violate€Tenn.€R.ÏEvid.€404€or€608€as€he€claims.Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.à àÌà àÌÓ  Óò òXI.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€committed€error€of€prejudicialÏdimensions€by€(a)€failing€to€permit€him€to€question€Arthur€Cole€regarding€an€arrest€forÍsexual€battery€when€the€Rutherford€County€Grand€Jury€returned€a€No€True€Bill€andÏrefused€to€indict€Cole;€€and€(b)€allowing€Cole€to€testify€as€to€the€"general€knowledge€onÏthe€street"€that€Moore€had€shot€other€people.ÌÓ  Óò òA.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àArthur€Cole€had€an€extensive€record€of€criminal€convictions.€€Defense€counselÏwas€permitted€to€ask€Cole€about€all€of€his€criminal€convictions.€€However,€the€trial€courtÏrefused€to€permit€the€appellant€to€ask€Cole€about€a€charge€of€sexual€battery.€€TheÏmatter€had€been€submitted€to€the€Rutherford€County€Grand€Jury€approximately€twoÏweeks€prior€to€the€commencement€of€this€trial.€€The€grand€jury€returned€a€"No€TrueÏBill."Ìà àThe€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€by€ruling€that€the€appellant€could€notÏcross„examine€Cole€about€the€prior€sexual€battery€offense.€€First,€the€grand€juryÏrefused€to€indict€Cole€for€this€offense.€€Second,€as€a€general€rule,€specific€instances€ofÏsexual€conduct€are€not€probative€of€the€truthfulness€or€untruthfulness€of€a€witness.× ƒk ××  ×Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÓ  Óò òB.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€committed€error€of€prejudicialÍdimensions€because€the€court€permitted€the€state€to€introduce€into€evidence€throughÏArthur€Cole€that€it€was€"general€knowledge€on€the€street"€that€Moore€had€shotÏsomeone€else.€€He€argues€that€this€testimony€unfairly€prejudiced€the€jury€against€him.Ìà àThis€issue€has€been€waived.€€The€appellant€has€failed€to€cite€any€authority€inÏsupport€of€the€argument€accompanying€this€issue.× ƒl ××  ×Ìà àThis€Court€parenthetically€notes€that€the€defense€elicited€from€Moore€that€heÏhad€been€involved€in€two€additional€shooting€incidents.€€Counsel€also€established€thatÏMoore€had€not€been€prosecuted€for€either€incident.Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÓ  Óò òÌXII.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà à€€The€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€committed€error€of€prejudicialÏdimensions€by€permitting€Dr.€George€Smith€to€testify€concerning€his€mentalÏimpressions€and€conclusions€regarding€a€motor€vehicle€he€viewed€at€the€scene€of€theÏmurder€and€later€that€evening€while€en€route€to€the€hospital.€€Dr.€Smith€saw€a€white€carÏstop€in€the€street€near€the€convenience€store.€€Later,€he€decided€to€go€to€the€hospital€toÏdetermine€the€victim's€condition.€€While€en€route€to€the€hospital,€he€saw€this€sameÏwhite€vehicle€pull€away€from€an€apartment€complex.€€He€followed€the€motor€vehicle.€ÏThe€vehicle€went€to€the€hospital,€stopped€at€the€emergency€room,€and€the€person€heÍsaw€at€the€convenience€store,€the€appellant,€got€out€of€the€vehicle.€€However,€he€didÏnot€see€the€appellant€inside€the€hospital.€€He€subsequently€called€the€MurfreesboroÏPolice€Department€and€reported€his€observations.Ìà àThe€assistant€district€attorney€general€asked€the€witness€to€relate€to€the€jury€whyÏthe€car€caused€him€so€much€concern.€€An€objection€was€made€to€this€testimony.€€TheÏtrial€court€permitted€the€testimony€pursuant€to€the€state€of€mind€exception€to€theÏhearsay€rule.€€€Ìà à€This€issue€has€been€waived.€€The€appellant€failed€to€cite€any€authority€for€hisÏargument€in€support€of€this€issue.× ƒm ××  ×€€Moreover,€if€it€was€error€for€the€trial€court€to€admitÏthis€evidence,€it€was€harmless.× ƒn ××  ×€€The€testimony€did€not€implicate€the€appellant€in€theÏcommission€of€the€attempted€robbery€or€the€murder.€Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÓ  Óò òÌXIII.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€appellant€made€a€call€to€911€at€the€request€of€another€person€who€was€inÏthe€convenience€store€shortly€after€the€attempted€robbery€and€murder.€€A€copy€of€theÏcall€was€made,€identified,€and€moved€into€evidence.€€On€the€tapes,€the€appellantÏidentified€himself€as€Jaques€Harris.€€Defense€counsel€objected€to€the€admission€of€theÏtape€into€evidence.€€He€based€his€objection€upon€the€grounds€of€relevancy,€improperÍcharacter€evidence,€and€as€a€challenge€to€appellant's€credibility.€€He€also€indicatedÏthat€it€was€stipulated€that€the€appellant€called€911.€€The€state€denied€there€had€been€aÏstipulation.€€The€trial€court€permitted€the€tape€to€be€played€for€the€jury.Ì€à àAgain,€questions€concerning€the€admissibility€of€evidence€are€addressed€to€theÏsound€discretion€of€the€trial€court.€€An€appellate€court€will€not€interfere€with€the€exerciseÏof€this€discretion€absent€clear€abuse€appearing€on€the€face€of€the€record.€€In€this€case,Ïthe€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion.€€This€was€a€telephone€call€made€by€theÏappellant€minutes€after€the€attempted€robbery€and€murder.€€It€was€clearly€relevant.€ÏFurthermore,€this€was€not€an€attempt€to€improperly€establish€the€appellant's€characterÏor€challenge€his€credibility.Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÓ  Óò òXIV.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€committed€error€of€prejudicialÏdimension€by€(a)€permitting€Demond€O.€Baker,€accompanied€by€two€deputy€sheriffs,€toÏbe€brought€into€the€courtroom€and€identified€by€the€detective€in€charge€of€theÏinvestigation€of€the€attempted€robbery€and€murder,€(b)€permitting€the€detective€to€relateÏthe€hearsay€utterances€made€by€Courtland€Hatcher,€and€(c)€permitting€the€detective€toÏdisclose€that€he€had€won€only€two€cases€in€eighteen€years€based€on€fingerprintÏevidence.Ìà àAll€three€of€these€issues€have€been€waived.€€The€appellant€has€failed€to€citeÍauthority€to€support€the€argument€he€makes€in€support€of€each€issue.× ƒo ××  ×Ìà àÓ  Óò òXV.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€appellant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence.€€He€contends:ÌÓÓÌà8 àà8 àThere€was€no€evidence€in€the€record€to€support€the€verdictÏof€guilty€of€facilitation€of€a€felony,€to„wit:€€first€degree€murder,Ïand€attempted€especially€aggravated€robbery,€and€saidÏverdict€shows€prejudice€against€the€Defendant.ÌÌà8 àà8 àThe€evidence€is€insufficient€as€a€matter€of€law€to€sustain€aÏconviction.× ƒp ××  ×ÌÌà8 àà8 àThe€verdict€is€against€the€weight€of€the€evidence€as€itÏpertains€to€the€jury's€finding€that€the€Defendant€wasÏinvolved€with€James€Lafayette€Moore€and€Demond€OliverÏBaker€as€an€accomplice€or€co„conspirator€at€the€time€of€theÏcommission€of€the€offense.× ƒq ××  ×ÌÌà8 àà8 àThe€evidence€presented€during€the€trial€of€this€cause€[didÏnot€provide]€sufficient€independent€corroboration€of€theÏtestimony€of€accomplice€James€Moore€to€support€the€jury'sÏfinding€of€guilt€on€behalf€of€this€Defendant.ÌÌà8 àà8 àThe€defendant€was€denied€a€fair€trial€by€a€combination€of€allÏthe€foregoing€errors.ÌÌà8 àà8 àThe€Trial€Court€erred€by€failing€to€charge€the€jury€on€lesserÏincluded€offenses€of€first€degree€murder€and€facilitation€of€aÏfelony,€to„wit:€€attempted€especially€robbery.ÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓò òÌA.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€thisÏCourt€must€review€the€record€to€determine€if€the€evidence€adduced€at€trial€is€sufficientÏ"to€support€the€finding€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."× ƒr ××  ×€€ThisÏrule€is€applicable€to€findings€based€upon€direct€evidence,€circumstantial€evidence,€or€aÏcombination€of€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence.× ƒt ××  ×€€Ìà àIn€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€this€Court€does€notÏreweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence.× ƒv ××  ×€€Nor€may€this€Court€substitute€its€inferences€forÏthose€drawn€by€the€trier€of€fact€from€circumstantial€evidence.× ƒw ××  ×€To€the€contrary,€thisÏCourt€is€required€to€afford€the€State€of€Tennessee€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€theÍevidence€contained€in€the€record€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferencesÏwhich€may€be€drawn€from€the€evidence.× ƒx ××  ×€€Ìà àQuestions€concerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€toÏbe€given€the€evidence,€as€well€as€all€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence€areÏresolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€this€Court.× ƒy ××  ×€€In€òòState€v.€Graceóó,× ƒz ××  ×€€our€Supreme€CourtÏsaid:€€"A€guilty€verdict€by€the€jury,€approved€by€the€trial€judge,€accredits€the€testimony€ofÏthe€witnesses€for€the€State€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€theory€of€the€State."Ìà àSince€a€verdict€of€guilt€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€and€replaces€itÏwith€a€presumption€of€guilt,€the€accused,€as€the€appellant,€has€the€burden€in€this€CourtÏof€illustrating€why€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€verdicts€returned€by€theÏtrier€of€fact.× ƒ{ ××  ×€€This€Court€will€not€disturb€a€verdict€of€guilt€due€to€the€sufficiency€of€theÏevidence€unless€the€facts€contained€in€the€record€are€insufficient,€as€a€matter€of€law,€forÏa€rational€trier€of€fact€to€find€that€the€accused€is€guilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.× ƒ| ××  ×ÌÌÓ  Óò òB.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àBefore€an€accused€can€be€convicted€of€the€facilitation€of€a€felony,€the€state€mustÏprove€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€accused€(a)€knew€another€person€wasÏgoing€to€commit€a€specific€felony€and€(b)€knowingly€furnished€substantial€assistance€inÏthe€commission€of€the€felony€although€the€accused€did€not€possess€the€requisite€intentÏto€be€€criminally€responsible€for€the€felony.× ƒ} ××  ×€€In€other€words,€the€state€must€prove€theÏcommission€of€a€specified€felony€and€the€assistance€the€accused€gave€to€the€personÏcommitting€the€specified€felony.× ƒ~ ××  ×Ìà àIn€this€case,€the€evidence€established€that€Moore€committed€murder€in€the€firstÏdegree€in€the€perpetration€of€a€felony€and€an€attempt€to€commit€especially€aggravatedÏrobbery.€€The€record€establishes€that€the€appellant,€Moore,€and€Baker€were€riding€inÏMoore's€vehicle€when€they€began€discussing€the€commission€of€a€robbery.€€They€firstÏdiscussed€going€to€Lebanon,€Baker's€hometown,€to€commit€the€robbery.€€The€threeÏdecided€that€they€would€rob€the€next€available€business€establishment.€€The€appellantÏhad€both€of€Moore's€pistols.€€He€gave€the€.25€caliber€to€Moore€to€commit€the€robbery.€ÏHe€kept€the€.22€caliber€pistol.€€The€appellant€stood€outside€the€convenience€storeÏwhile€Moore€went€inside€to€take€money€at€›gunpointœ.€€Baker€was€the€"wheel€man"€andÏremained€with€Moore's€vehicle.€€Moore€killed€the€clerk,€he€attempted€to€open€the€cashÏregister,€and,€when€he€was€unable€to€open€the€register,€he€exited€the€store.Ìà àThese€facts,€if€believed€by€the€jury,€are€sufficient€to€support€the€appellant'sÏconvictions€for€an€attempt€to€commit€especially€aggravated€robbery€and€the€facilitationÍto€commit€murder€in€the€first€degree.ÌÌÓ  Óò òC.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àTwo€statutes€establish€the€criminal€responsibility€of€a€person€for€the€conduct€ofÏanother€person.× ƒ ××  ×€€These€statutes€provide:ÌÌÓÓà8 àà8 àSection€39„11„401.€€Parties€to€offenses.„„(a)€€A€person€isÏcriminally€responsible€as€a€party€to€an€offense€if€the€offenseÏis€committed€by€the€person's€own€conduct,€by€the€conduct€ofÏanother€for€which€the€person€is€criminally€responsible,€or€byÏboth.ÌÌà8 àà8 à(b)€€Each€party€to€an€offense€may€be€charged€with€theÏcommission€of€the€offense.ÌÌà8 àà8 àSection€39„11„402.€€Criminal€responsibility€for€conduct€ofÏanother.„„A€person€is€criminally€responsible€for€an€offenseÏcommitted€by€the€conduct€of€another€if:ÌÌà8 àà8 à(1)€€Acting€with€the€culpability€required€for€the€offense,€theÏperson€causes€or€aids€an€innocent€or€irresponsible€personÏto€engage€in€conduct€prohibited€€by€the€definition€of€theÏoffense;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(2)€€Acting€with€intent€to€promote€or€assist€the€commission€ofÏthe€offense,€or€to€benefit€in€the€proceeds€or€results€of€theÏoffense,€the€person€solicits,€directs,€aids,€or€attempts€to€aidÏanother€person€to€commit€the€offense;€€orÌÌà8 àà8 à(3)€€Having€a€duty€imposed€by€law€or€voluntarily€undertakenÏto€prevent€the€commission€of€the€offense€and€acting€withÏintent€to€benefit€in€the€proceeds€or€results€of€the€offense,€orÏto€promote€or€assist€its€commission,€the€person€fails€to€makeÏa€reasonable€effort€to€prevent€commission€of€the€offense.ÌÌÓÓÌà àThe€record€establishes€that€the€appellant€suggested€they€rob€a€businessÏestablishment,€gave€Moore€one€of€the€guns,€and€participated€in€the€robbery€by€waitingÏoutside€the€convenience€store€to€make€sure€Moore€was€not€surprised€by€anotherÏperson€entering€the€store.€€Although€the€appellant€did€not€physically€enter€the€storeÏduring€the€course€of€the€robbery,€it€is€clear€that€he€acted€with€the€intent€to€assist€theÏcommission€of€the€offense.€€As€such,€the€appellant€is€criminally€responsible€for€theÏconduct€of€Moore,€the€principal.× ƒ€ ××  ×ÌÓ  Óò òD.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€appellant€contends€that€he€was€convicted€exclusively€upon€theÏuncorroborated€testimony€of€an€accomplice.€€In€this€jurisdiction,€it€is€a€well„establishedÏrule€of€law€that€the€testimony€of€an€accomplice€must€be€corroborated€before€anÏaccused€can€be€convicted€of€a€criminal€offense.€€In€this€case,€there€is€sufficientÏcircumstantial€evidence€to€corroborate€Moore's€testimony.Ìà àThe€appellant€admitted€in€his€statement€that€he€had€been€with€Moore€on€theÏdate€in€question.€€They€had€lunch€together.Ìà àOfficer€Spence€saw€the€appellant,€Moore,€and€Cole€together€in€the€NottinghamÏApartments€on€the€night€in€question.€€The€apartments€are€only€350€yards€from€theÏconvenience€store,€the€situs€of€the€offenses.€€The€appellant€admitted€that€he€was€oneÏof€the€individuals€Officer€Spence€saw€that€night.Ìà àThe€appellant€admitted€in€his€statement€that€he€was€at€the€convenience€store.€ÏHe€was€one€of€the€individuals€who€found€the€victim€behind€the€counter.€€He€also€calledÏ911.€€In€addition,€he€appeared€on€the€video€tape€taken€by€the€store's€security€camera.€ÏNeal,€a€store€customer,€testified€that€the€appellant€was€not€excited€under€theÏcircumstances.€€The€appellant€acted€nonchalantly€while€inside€the€convenience€storeÏand€going€to€call€911.Ìà àDr.€Smith€stated€he€saw€Moore's€vehicle€near€the€convenience€store.€€TheÏperson€he€described,€Baker,€was€driving€the€vehicle.Ìà àThe€appellant€admitted€in€his€statement€that€he€was€with€Moore€and€Baker€afterÏthe€crime€was€committed.€€He€also€admitted€riding€with€Moore€and€stopping€at€theÏhospital€so€that€he€could€determine€the€victim's€condition.€€Dr.€Smith€saw€the€vehicleÏpull€from€the€apartment€complex.€€He€followed€the€vehicle€to€the€hospital€and€saw€theÏappellant€exit€the€vehicle.€€It€was€the€same€vehicle€he€saw€acting€suspiciously€near€theÏconvenience€store.Ìà àWhen€questioned€at€the€convenience€store,€the€appellant€gave€the€officers€aÏfalse€name,€Jaques€Harris.€€He€admitted€in€his€statement€that€he€gave€the€false€nameÏto€the€officers.Ìà àIn€his€statement,€the€appellant€stated€he€knew€that€Moore€had€a€.25€caliberÏpistol,€and€he€described€the€pistol.€€He€also€admitted€talking€to€Moore€aboutÏcommitting€other€robberies,€but€he€refused€to€participate€in€the€robberies.€€He€hadÏridden€in€Moore's€car€on€other€occasions,€and€he€had€also€driven€Moore's€vehicle.€€HeÏfurther€admitted€that€he€was€with€Moore€the€day€following€the€commission€of€theÏcrimes.ÌÌÓ  Óò òÇE.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà à€The€elements€of€both€crimes€were€established€by€the€state.€€Furthermore,ÏMoore's€testimony€was€sufficiently€corroborated.€€In€short,€the€evidence€adduced€at€theÏtrial€was€clearly€sufficient€to€support€a€finding€by€a€rational€trier€of€fact€that€the€appellantÏwas€guilty€of€an€attempt€to€commit€especially€aggravated€robbery€and€the€facilitation€toÏcommit€murder€in€the€first€degree€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.× ƒ ××  ×€ÌÌÓ  Óò òF.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€issue€complaining€of€the€failure€of€the€trial€court€to€charge€other€lesserÏincluded€offenses€has€been€waived.× ƒ‚ ××  ×€€The€appellant€failed€to€cite€authority€in€supportÏof€this€issue.€€However,€this€Court€parenthetically€notes€that€the€evidence€did€notÏsupport€any€additional€lesser€included€offenses.€€Consequently,€the€trial€court€was€notÏrequired€to€charge€such€offenses.€€€ÌÓ  Ó€ò òXVI.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€appellant€raises€seven€sentencing€issues:ÌÓÓÌà8 àà8 àThe€Trial€Court€erred€in€allowing€Ms.€Pat€Guffey€to€testify€atÏthe€sentencing€hearing€on€October€22,€1993,€as€herÍtestimony€was€irrelevant€to€any€issue€regarding€the€Court'sÏsentencing€decision,€and€further,€her€testimony€wasÏirrelevant€and€filled€with€inadmissible€hearsay€statements€inÏviolation€of€the€Defendant's€right€to€a€fair€sentencingÏhearing€pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„209.ÌÌà8 àà8 àThe€Trial€Court€erred€in€finding€only€one€mitigating€factorÏpursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113€where€the€CodeÏspecifically€sets€forth€separate€factors€to€be€considered€byÏthe€trial€court,€and€this€Court€considered€three€factors€eachÏseparately€designated€by€the€Code€as€one€factor€in€thisÏcase.ÌÌà8 àà8 àThe€Trial€Court€erred€in€finding€five€enhancing€factorsÏpursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114€which€were€usedÏto€increase€the€Defendant's€punishment€at€the€sentencingÏhearing,€wherein€three€of€the€factors€are€themselvesÏessential€elements€of€the€offense€as€charged€in€theÏindictment,€specifically€sub„sections€9,€10,€and€16.€€Further,Ïthe€trial€court€enhanced€the€Defendant's€sentence€pursuantÏto€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(13)€based€upon€theÏDefendant€being€on€probation€when€the€crime€wasÏcommitted,€however,€sub„section€13€states€clearly€that€it€canÏonly€be€used€to€enhance€if€the€Defendant€is€on€probationÏfrom€òòa€prior€felony€convictionóó.€(Emphasis€added).ÌÌà8 àà8 àThe€Trial€Court€erred€in€considering€for€sentencingÏpurposes€the€Defendant's€placement€on€the€diversionÏprogram€in€March,€1992,€and€further€considering€that€heÏwas€on€probation€for€a€misdemeanor€at€the€time€of€theÏcommission€of€this€offense,€where€the€State€failed€toÏprovide€defense€counsel€pursuant€to€this€[sic]€Court's€OrderÏin€response€to€a€Motion€for€Discovery€with€the€Defendant'sÏprior€arrest€history?ÌÌà8 àà8 àThe€Trial€Court€erred€in€sentencing€the€Defendant€to€theÏterm€of€22€years€for€a€Class€A€felony,€as€a€standard,€range€I,Ïoffender,€where€he€has€no€prior€felony€convictions€and€theÏenhancement€factors€do€not€justify€the€same.ÌÌà8 àà8 àThe€trial€court€erred€in€sentencing€the€Defendant€to€a€termÏof€11€years€for€a€Class€B€felony,€where€he€has€no€priorÏfelony€convictions€and€the€enhancement€factors€do€notÏjustify€the€same.ÌÌà8 àà8 àThe€Trial€Court€erred€in€sentencing€the€Defendant€to€serveÏconsecutive€sentences€based€upon€all€factors,€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„115,€and€the€record€as€a€whole.€ÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓò òÌA.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€length€and€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€itÏis€the€duty€of€this€Court€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€on€the€record€with€a€presumptionÏthat€"the€determinations€made€by€the€court€from€which€the€appeal€is€taken€areÏcorrect."× ƒƒ ××  ×€€This€presumption€is€"conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€recordÏthat€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€andÏcircumstances."× ƒ… ××  ×€€The€presumption€does€not€apply€to€the€legal€conclusions€reachedÏby€the€trial€court€in€sentencing€the€accused€or€to€the€determinations€made€by€the€trialÏcourt€which€are€predicated€upon€uncontroverted€facts.× ƒ’ ××  ×€€However,€this€Court€isÏrequired€to€give€great€weight€to€the€trial€court's€determination€of€controverted€facts€asÏthe€trial€court's€determination€is€based€upon€the€witnesses'€demeanor,€appearance,Ïand€inflection€in€their€voices.Ìà àIn€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€Court€must€consider€(a)€anyÍevidence€received€at€the€trial€and/or€sentencing€hearing,€(b)€the€presentence€report,Ï(c)›€the€principles€of€sentencing,€(d)€the€arguments€of€counsel€relative€to€sentencingÏalternatives,€(e)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense,€€(f)€any€mitigating€orÏenhancing€factors,€(g)€any€statements€made€by€the€accused€in€his€own€behalf,€and€(h)Ïthe€accused's€potential€or€lack€of€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.× ƒ“ ××  ×Ìà àWhen€the€accused€is€the€appellant,€the€accused€has€the€burden€of€establishingÏthat€the€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court€was€erroneous.× ƒ• ××  ×€€Thus,€this€Court€willÏundertake€a€review€of€the€record,€based€upon€the€foregoing€guidelines,€to€determine€ifÏthe€appellant€has€established€that€the€sentences€imposed€by€the€trial€court€wereÏerroneous.ÌÓ  Óò òÌB.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€appellant€contends€€that€the€trial€court€committed€error€of€prejudicialÏdimensions€in€permitting€Ms.€Pat€Guffey€to€testify€about€the€impact€the€victim's€deathÏhad€upon€her€life.€€Ms.€Guffey€was€engaged€to€marry€the€victim.€€The€state€concedesÏthat€the€trial€court€should€not€have€permitted€the€witness€to€testify.€€The€witness€did€notÏfall€within€the€parameters€of€the€applicable€statute.× ƒ– ××  ×€€However,€it€should€be€noted€thatÍthe€statute€has€been€amended€to€include€"a€person€who€has€had€a€close€personalÏrelationship€with€the€victim€and€is€designated€by€the€court€to€be€a€victimÏrepresentative."× ƒ— ××  ×Ìà àThe€erroneous€admission€of€this€testimony€was€harmless.× ƒ˜ ××  ×€€It€does€not€appearÏthat€the€trial€court€enhanced€the€sentences€in€this€case€based€upon€the€erroneousÏtestimony.€ÌÌÓ  Óò òC.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€failed€to€consider€mitigating€factorsÏthat€are€established€by€the€record.€€He€argues€that€(1)€he€played€a€minor€role€in€theÏcommission€of€the€offense,€× ƒ™ ××  ×€(2)€he€assisted€the€authorities€in€uncovering€offensesÏcommitted€by€other€persons€and€in€detecting€or€apprehending€other€persons€who€hadÏcommitted€these€offenses,× ƒš ××  ×€(3)€he€assisted€the€authorities€in€locating€and€recoveringÏany€property€or€persons€involved€in€the€crime,€× ƒ› ××  ×€(4)€he€placed€an€emergency€call€toÏ911€after€the€victim€was€discovered€and€stayed€at€the€scene€until€the€emergencyÍpersonnel€arrived,× ƒœ ××  ×€and€(5)€œhe€identified›€Moore€as€the€person€who€murdered€theÏvictim.× ƒ ××  ×€€The€trial€court€found€that€the€appellant€did€assist€the€authorities€albeit€theÏcourt€did€not€know€or€understand€the€appellant's€reason€for€doing€so.€€However,€theÏtrial€court€found€that€factors€2,€3,€4,€and€5€all€related€to€this€mitigating€factor,€and,€as€aÏresult,€the€appellant€was€only€entitled€to€the€consideration€of€one€mitigating€factor,€notÏfive€factors€as€he€contends.Ìà àThis€Court€finds€that€the€trial€court€properly€found€that€the€appellant€had€a€major,Ïnot€a€minor,€role€in€the€commission€of€the€offenses€in€question.€€Furthermore,€the€trialÏcourt€properly€found€that€the€appellant€was€entitled€to€consideration€of€one€mitigatingÏfactor€rather€than€four€mitigating€factors.€€All€of€the€facts€stated€in€support€of€the€differentÏfactors€actually€relate€to€only€one€mitigating€factor.ÌÌÓ  Óò òD.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€trial€court€found€that€there€were€five€(5)€enhancement€factors€supported€byÏthe€record.€€The€following€factors€were€used€to€enhance€the€appellant's€sentencesÏwithin€the€appropriate€range:€€(1)€he€had€a€previous€history€of€unwillingness€to€complyÏwith€the€conditions€of€an€alternative€sentence,× ƒž ××  ×€(2)€he€possessed€a€firearm€during€theÍcommission€of€the€offense,× ƒŸ ××  ×€(3)€he€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€whereÏthe€risk€to€human€life€was€high,× ƒ  ××  ×€(4)€he€committed€a€felony€while€he€was€onÏprobation,× ƒ¡ ××  ×€and€(5)€he€committed€the€offenses€under€circumstances€where€theÏpotential€for€bodily€injury€to€a€victim€was€great.× ƒ¢ ××  ×Ìà àIn€discussing€the€appellant's€contention€that€he€played€a€minor€role,€the€trialÏcourt€found€that€it€was€the€appellant€who€suggested€that€they€rob€the€next€store€theyÏreached.€€The€court€also€considered€the€fact€that€the€appellant€was€older€than€the€twoÏother€actors€in€these€offenses.€€He€also€had€possession€of€Moore's€two€pistols.€€HeÏgave€Moore€the€.25€caliber€to€use€in€the€robbery.€€In€short,€the€trial€court€properly€foundÏthat€the€appellant€was€the€leader€in€the€commission€of€the€offenses.€€If€the€trial€court€didÏnot€use€this€factor€in€sentencing€the€appellant,€it€should€be€considered€in€establishingÏthe€length€of€the€sentences.× ƒ£ ××  ×Ìà àThe€trial€court€properly€used€enhancement€factor€(8)€to€enhance€the€appellant'sÏsentences.€€While€on€probation,€the€appellant€was€in€the€possession€of€two€firearms,× ƒ¤ ××  ×Íhe€consumed€illicit€drugs€which€means€that€he€possessed€the€drugs,× ƒ¥ ××  ×€and€heÏassumed€a€false€identity.× ƒ¦ ××  ×€€The€appellant€violated€the€conditions€of€his€probationÏwhen€he€committed€these€offenses.× ƒ§ ××  ×Ìà àThe€trial€court€also€properly€applied€enhancement€factor€(9)€to€enhance€theÏappellant's€sentence€for€the€crime€of€facilitation€of€murder€in€the€first€degree.× ƒ¨ ××  ×€ÏHowever,€the€trial€court€should€not€have€used€this€factor€to€enhance€the€sentence€forÏthe€crime€of€attempt€to€commit€especially€aggravated€robbery.× ƒ© ××  ×€€The€use€of€a€weaponÏis€an€essential€element€of€especially€aggravated€robbery.× ƒª ××  ×Ìà àThe€state€concedes€that€enhancement€factor€(16)€should€not€have€been€used€toÏenhance€either€sentence.€€This€is€the€prevailing€view€in€this€jurisdiction.× ƒ« ××  ×Ìà àThe€fact€that€the€trial€court€erroneously€applied€certain€enhancement€factorsÏdoes€not€equate€to€a€reduction€in€the€sentences€imposed.× ƒ¬ ××  ×€This€Court€finds€that€theÏsentences€imposed€are€both€proper€and€reasonable€based€upon€the€circumstances€ofÏthe€œoffense›œ,›€to€deter€others€from€committing€these€offenses,€and€to€avoid€depreciatingÏthe€seriousness€of€the€offenses.€€Furthermore,€the€appellant€has€been€given€ampleÏopportunity€to€rehabilitate€himself€through€the€community€corrections€program€andÏprobation.€€He€failed€in€this€regard.Ìà à€€€€ÌÓ  Óò òE.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€appellant€complains€that€the€trial€court€abused€its€discretion€by€orderingÏthat€the€two€sentences€are€to€be€served€consecutively.€€To€the€contrary,€a€trial€courtÏmay€require€sentences€to€be€served€consecutively€when€the€accused€"is€sentenced€forÏan€offense€committed€while€on€probation."× ƒ­ ××  ×€€The€record€reflects€that€the€appellant€wasÏon€probation€when€the€offenses€were€committed.€€As€previously€noted,€the€appellantÏhas€had€ample€opportunity€to€rehabilitate€himself.€€Furthermore,€the€public€needs€to€beÏprotected€from€the€appellant€since€he€insists€upon€living€a€life€that€continually€involvesÍcriminal€conduct.€€In€this€case,€an€innocent€person€lost€his€life.€€ConsecutiveÏsentencing€was€appropriate.ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à________________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€JOE€€B.€JONES,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:€€ÌÌÌà àÌà à€€€€€Ìòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€(Not€Participating)€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌ€€€€€JERRY€SCOTT,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌ___________________________________Ì€€€JOE€D.€DUNCAN,€SPECIAL€JUDGE