ÿWPC 4# è %ó 0(ùw@!4au„U:ŒU:Æ 0l 0Dl 0J° 0Tú 0^N D3¬ 0hß 0rG 0|¹ 0†5 0» 1uK 0dÀ U*$ B)N DCw AMº ö Bý AO Æi 0D/ 0@s 0D³ f÷ D/] BŒ!©v~ÊvÓH˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLHÎ X($¡¡ aDbcdDe*efegUhr‹sÓ€Ô¡¨ 3|x|, øð AZ‹"Arial RegularÂ"Arial Regular((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô(((('ÿÿdxd26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d$$$$7Border 1dd*,%Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ìÝ ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÝ  ÝÔ€#ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€#XÔÌÌMay€7,€1997ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó d*,-/Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó \Ñ\R AØ'\Ñ00'÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€#ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X Òà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÔ€#ôÔAlthough€the€victim€of€the€rape€was€not€a€minor,€we€have€nevertheless€chosen€to€refer€to€her€byÏher€initials€only.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€#ÔÝ  Ý›Ñ  ÑÑ € ÑÒ € ÒÒ ° ÒÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÓÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7€ ¹ñ XXdðdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑœÑ  ÑÙ€*ÙßR€&'%A1-j|` ç `€€@ÿRßÞ ÞÌIN›€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌAT€NASHVILLE€Ì€€DECEMBER€1996€SESSIONÌÓ  ÓÌÌÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)à àNO.€01„C„01„9603„CC„00105à àà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppelleeà àà àà àà à)à àWILLIAMSON€COUNTYÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌV.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€CORNELIA€A.€CLARK,€JUDGEÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌJOHN€W.€GILLIAMà àà àà àà à)à à(Unlawful€Carrying€or€Possession€of€aÏà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àWeapon€and€Sentencing)Ìà àAppellantà àà àà àà à)Ìà à€€€€€€€€€à àà àà àà àà à)ÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTà àà àà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEEóóÌÌJohn€H.€Hendersonà àà àà àà àà àJohn€Knox€WalkupÌDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌP.O.€Box€68à àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌFranklin,€Tennessee€37065à àà àà àNashville,€Tennessee€37243„0493Ìà àà àà àà àà àÌC.€Diane€Crosierà àà àà àà àà àKaren€M.ÏYacuzzoà àà àà àAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àAssistantÏAttorney€GeneralÌP.O.€Box€68à àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌFranklin,€Tennessee€37065à àà àà àNashville,€Tennessee€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJoseph€D.€Baugh,€Jr.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àP.O.€Box€937Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àFranklin,€Tennessee€37065ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àMark€L.€PuryearÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àP.O.€Box€937Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àFranklin,€Tennessee€37065ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:______ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌWilliam€M.€Barker,€Judge̛̜Ñ€.ÑÇòòÓÓÓ  ÓOpinionóóÌÓ  Óà àThe€Appellant,€John€W.€Gilliam,€appeals€as€of€right€his€conviction€andÏconsecutive€sentence€for€one€count€of€the€unlawful€carrying€or€possession€of€aÏweapon.€€He€argues€that€the€evidence€introduced€at€trial€was€insufficient€to€sustainÏhis€conviction€and€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€ordered€his€sentence€for€that€crimeÏconsecutive€to€another€sentence€for€rape.€€We€have€reviewed€the€record€on€appealÏand€find€no€merit€to€the€Appellantððs€contentions€and,€therefore,€affirm€the€trial€courtððsÏjudgment.Ìà àOn€August€18,€1994,€T.L.C.œ× ƒ1 ××  ×›€was€staying€at€the€Dickson€Motel€in€WilliamsonÏCounty.€€Around€9:45€p.m.,€T.L.C.€and€a€girlfriend€arrived€at€the€motel,€where€theyÏencountered€the€Appellant€outside€T.L.C.ððs€room.€€Some€conversation€ensued€andÏT.L.C.€then€went€to€her€girlfriendððs€room€to€visit.€€Approximately€an€hour€and€a€halfÏlater€T.L.C.€returned€to€her€room€and€went€to€bed.€€Ìà àAround€11:45€p.m.,€she€heard€a€knock€on€the€door.€€She€asked€who€wasÏknocking€and€the€Appellant€identified€himself€and€told€her€that€he€was€there€to€meet€aÏmutual€friend.€€T.L.C.€got€dressed€and€let€the€Appellant€into€the€room.€€In€the€room,Ïthe€Appellant€pulled€out€a€gun€which€he€held€to€T.L.C.ððs€face,€raped€her,€and€then€left.€Ïà àShortly€thereafter,€Louis€Austin€stopped€by€the€victimððs€room€and€found€herÍsitting€on€the€floor€crying.€€Looking€down€the€road,€Austin€saw€the€Appellant€walkingÏin€the€direction€of€Fairview.€€Austin€and€one€other€man€followed€the€Appellant€andÏconfronted€him€regarding€what€had€happened.€€In€response,€the€Appellant€pulled€outÏa€gun€and€held€it€to€Austinððs€face€threatening€him.Ìà àLater€that€night€police€officers€found€the€Appellant€in€his€trailer€close€toÏHighway€100.€€The€police€officers€searched€the€trailer€and€found€a€small€handgunÏhidden€in€the€trash€can€in€the€bathroom.€€The€Appellant€was€brought€to€the€policeÏstation€and€there€he€admitted€to€having€been€in€T.L.C.ððs€room€and€that€he€had€beenÏarmed.€€Ìà àThe€Appellant€was€indicted€for€one€count€of€aggravated€rape,€two€counts€ofÏaggravated€assault,€and€one€count€of€unlawfully€carrying€or€possessing€a€weapon.€ÏOn€April€12,€1995,€the€Appellant€pled€guilty€to€an€amended€charge€of€rape€and€theÏState€entered€òònolle€prosequióó€orders€regarding€the€aggravated€assault€charges.€€TheÏAppellant€was€sentenced€to€twelve€years€imprisonment.€€Ìà àOn€August€24,€1995,€the€Appellant€was€tried€by€jury€on€the€weapon€charge.€€AtÏtrial€the€jury€was€not€aware€of€the€fact€that€the€Appellant€had€raped€T.L.C.,€but€itÏnevertheless€convicted€him€of€the€unlawful€carrying€or€possession€a€weapon.€€TheÏAppellant€was€fined€$3000.00€and€the€trial€court€sentenced€him€to€two€yearsÏimprisonment€to€be€served€consecutive€to€the€twelve„year€sentence€imposed€for€theÏrape.ÌÓ  ÓIÌÓ  Óà àThe€Appellant€first€argues€that€the€evidence€introduced€at€trial€was€insufficientÏto€convict€him€of€unlawfully€carrying€or€possessing€a€weapon.€€This€issue€is€withoutÏmerit.à àÌà àIn€order€for€the€jury€to€convict€the€Appellant€of€unlawfully€carrying€orÏpossessing€a€weapon€it€had€to€find€that€the€Appellant€had€violated€Tennessee€CodeÏAnnotated,€section€39„17„1307.€€This€statute€provides,€in€pertinent€part:€ð ðA€personÏcommits€an€offense€who€possesses€a€handgun€and€.€.€.€[h]as€been€convicted€of€aÏfelony€involving€the€use€or€attempted€use€of€force,€violence€or€a€deadly€weapon€.€.€.€.ðð€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„1307(b)(1)(A)€(1991).Ìà àThe€evidence€clearly€showed,€through€testimony€from€the€victim€and€AustinÏand€through€the€Appellantððs€own€admission,€that€the€Appellant€carried€a€weapon€onÏthe€night€of€August€18,€1994.€€The€Appellant,€however,€takes€issue€with€the€evidenceÏregarding€the€second€element€of€the€offense.€€He€claims€that€the€circumstantialÏevidence€presented€at€trial€was€insufficient€to€prove€that€he€had€been€previouslyÏconvicted€of€felony€involving€the€use€or€attempted€use€of€force,€violence,€or€a€deadlyÏweapon.Ìà àAn€appellant€challenging€the€sufficiency€of€the€proof€has€the€burden€ofÏillustrating€to€this€Court€why€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€verdict€returnedÏby€the€trier€of€fact€in€his€or€her€case.€€This€Court€will€not€disturb€a€verdict€of€guilt€forÍlack€of€sufficient€evidence€unless€the€facts€contained€in€the€record€and€anyÏinferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€the€facts€are€insufficient,€as€a€matter€of€law,€for€aÏrational€trier€of€fact€to€find€the€defendant€guilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòState€v.ÏTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).Ìà àAlthough€the€evidence€of€the€appellantððs€prior€conviction€is€circumstantial€inÏnature,€it€is€a€well„established€principle€of€law€in€this€state€that€circumstantialÏevidence€alone€may€be€sufficient€to€support€a€conviction.€€òòState€v.€Buttreyóó,€756ÏS.W.2d€718,€721€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).€However,€in€order€for€this€to€occur,€theÏcircumstantial€evidence€ð ðmust€be€not€only€consistent€with€the€guilt€of€the€accused€butÏit€must€also€be€inconsistent€with€his€[or€her]€innocence€and€must€exclude€every€otherÏreasonable€theory€or€hypothesis€except€that€of€guilt.ðð€€òòState€v.€Tharpeóó,€726€S.W.2dÏ896,€900€(Tenn.€1987).€€In€addition,€ð ðit€must€establish€such€a€certainty€of€guilt€of€theÏaccused€as€to€convince€the€mind€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€[the€appellant]€isÏthe€one€who€committed€the€crime.ðð€€òòTharpeóó,€726€S.W.2d€at€896.€€Moral€certainty€as€toÏeach€element€of€the€offense€is€required,€but€absolute€certainty€is€not.€€òòIdóó.Ìà àWhen€reviewing€the€convicting€evidence,€this€Court€must€remember€that€theÏjury€decides€the€weight€to€be€given€to€circumstantial€evidence€and€that€ð ð[t]heÏinferences€to€be€drawn€from€such€evidence,€and€the€extent€to€which€theÏcircumstances€are€consistent€with€guilt€and€inconsistent€with€innocence€areÍquestions€primarily€for€the€jury.ðð€€òòMarable€v.€Stateóó,€313€S.W.2d€451,€457€(Tenn.Ï1958);€òòPruitt€v.€Stateóó,€460€S.W.2d€385,€391€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1970).ÌÌà àIn€order€to€satisfy€the€second€element€of€the€crime,€the€State€introducedÏevidence€that€the€Appellant€had€been€convicted€of€assault€with€intent€to€commit€rapeÏin€Oklahoma€in€1991.€€The€State,€however,€did€not€offer€into€evidence€a€copy€of€theÏOklahoma€statute€providing€the€elements€of€that€crime.€€Because€the€elements€ofÏOklahomaððs€assault€with€intent€to€commit€rape€crime€were€never€established,€theÏAppellant€now€argues€that€the€jury€could€not€have€found€that€he€had€been€convictedÏof€a€felony€that€involved€the€use€or€attempted€use€of€force,€violence,€or€a€deadlyÏweapon.Ìà àAlthough€the€State€did€not€introduce€any€direct€evidence€regarding€the€secondÏelement€of€felony€possession€of€a€weapon,€we€find€that€the€only€reasonableÏhypothesis€that€can€be€formed€as€a€result€of€the€definition€of€the€Oklahoma€crime€ofÏassault€with€intent€to€commit€rape€is€œthat€that›€crime€must€have€involved€the€attemptedÏuse€or€use€of€force,€violence,€or€a€deadly€weapon.€€The€Appellantððs€argument€that€aÏrational€jury€could€not€have€found€that€a€crime€such€as€assault€with€intent€to€commitÏrape€does€not€have€an€element€of€use€or€attempted€use€of€force,€violence,€or€aÏdeadly€weapon€goes€beyond€the€stretch€of€this€Courtððs€imagination.€€Accordingly,€weÏfind€that€a€rational€jury,€circumstantially,€could€have€found€that€the€AppellantððsÍOklahoma€felony€conviction€involved€the€use€or€attempted€use€of€force,€violence,€or€aÏdeadly€weapon.€€The€Appellant€has€failed€to€carry€his€burden€to€prove€otherwise€andÏhis€claim€that€the€convicting€evidence€was€insufficient€is€without€merit.ÌÓ  ÓII€ÌÓ  Óà àThe€Appellant€also€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€ordered€that€heÏserve€his€sentence€for€the€weapon€conviction€consecutive€to€his€twelve„yearÏsentence€for€rape.€€This€issue€is€also€without€merit.Ìà àWhen€an€appellant€complains€of€his€or€her€sentence,€we€must€conduct€a€òòdeÏnovoóó€review€with€a€presumption€of€correctness.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)Ï(1990).€€The€burden€of€showing€that€the€sentence€is€improper€is€upon€the€appealingÏparty.€€òòIdóó.€Sentencing€Commission€Comments.€€This€presumption,€however,€isÏconditioned€on€an€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€theÏsentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823ÏS.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).Ìà àð ðIf€a€defendant€is€convicted€of€more€than€one€(1)€criminal€offense€.€.€.€the€courtÏmay€order€[the]€sentences€to€run€consecutively€if€[it]€finds€by€the€a€preponderance€thatÏ.€.€.€[t]he€defendant€is€a€dangerous€offender€whose€behavior€indicates€little€or€noÏregard€for€human€life,€and€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€toÏhuman€life€is€high.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115€(a),€(b)(4)€(1990).€€Before€the€trialÏcourt€can€justify€consecutive€sentencing€pursuant€to€this€provision€it€must€find€that€theÍevidence€shows€that€the€defendantððs€behavior€indicated€little€or€no€regard€for€humanÏlife€and€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€wasÏhigh.€€òòIdóó.€€The€trial€court€must€also€find€that€ð ð[t]he€proof€.€.€.€establishes€that€the€termsÏimposed€are€reasonably€related€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses€committed€and€areÏnecessary€.€.€.€to€protect€the€public€from€further€criminal€acts€by€the€offender.ðð€€òòState€v.ÏWilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933,€938€(Tenn.€1995).€€The€sentence€must€also€comply€withÏthe€Sentencing€Actððs€general€principles.€€òòId.óóÌà àAt€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court,€considering€the€principles€of€theÏSentencing€Act,€ordered€the€Appellantððs€sentence€consecutive€to€the€rape€sentenceÏfinding€that€he€was€a€dangerous€offender.€€We€agree€with€the€trial€courtððs€findings.€Ìà àThe€Appellant,€by€the€use€of€deceit,€entered€the€victimððs€room€and€raped€her€atÏgunpoint.€€The€Appellant€also€has€a€significant€prior€criminal€history.€€The€Appellant,Ïwho€was€only€twenty„two€years€old€when€the€offense€occurred,€was€found€guilty€ofÏaggravated€rape€in€1986€and€the€following€year€he€escaped€from€his€incarcerationÏfor€that€offense.€€In€1991€he€pled€òònolo€contendreóó€for€assault€with€intent€to€commit€rapeÏand€served€three€years€for€that€offense.€€Less€than€one€year€after€his€release€heÏraped€the€victim€in€this€case€under€aggravated€circumstances.€€The€AppellantððsÏcriminal€past€makes€it€clear€to€us€that€confinement€for€an€extended€period€of€time€isÏnecessary€to€protect€society€from€the€Appellant€and€that€the€length€of€the€sentencesÏreasonably€relates€to€the€offenses€for€which€the€defendant€stands€convicted.€€We€alsoÍagree€with€the€trial€courtððs€findings€that€the€length€of€the€sentence€is€necessary€toÏprovide€deterrence€against€similar€crimes€and€to€avoid€depreciating€the€seriousnessÏof€that€offense.Ìà àFor€the€reasons€contained€herein,€we€affirm€the€Appellants€convictions€andÏsentences.€€ÌÓÓÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à__________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JUDGEÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ__________________________ÌPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,€JUDGEÌÌÌ__________________________ÌJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGE