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DCJ AQ ÆÞ 0D¤ 0Dè D/, B[ AMx Å fÊ U60v~fvÓä˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLHÎ(ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ <U=E>E?@UAB9eCDÓ€P§aö" AØ'ÿ L3|xP2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò""""'ÿÿdxd d< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d''''7Border 1dd*+ ,-Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó..'÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd* (Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ûÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€%ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ+"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€&ÔÔ€&ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€&XÔÌÌò òAugust€15,€1997ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€&ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó \Ñ\R AØ'\Ñ< Œ 9p`(Courier NewPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€%ÔÝ  Ý›Ñ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ H Òò òÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓ  ÓÔ€&ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑœÞ ÞÌIN›€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEE̜ـ*ÙßR€/0(A1-j|uþ ` Å `€€@ÿRß›ÌAT€JACKSONÌÌJUNE€1997€SESSIONÌÓ  ÓÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àC.C.A.€No.€02C01„9611„CR„00428Ìà àó óAppellee,ò òà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àSHELBY€COUNTYÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€BERNIE€WEINMAN,€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àJUDGEÌJOHNNY€R.€GOODE,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àó ó(Voluntary€Manslaughter)ò òÌà àó óAppellant.ò òà àà àà àà à)ÌÌÌÌòòó óFOR€THE€APPELLANTò òóó:à àà àà àà àòòó óFOR€THE€APPELLEEò òóó:ÌÌEDWARD€WITT€CHANDLERà àà àà àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÌó ó2025€Mt.€Moriah€Rd.,€Ste.€A„100€à àà àà àAttorney€General€&€Reporterà àÌMemphis,€Tennessee€38115ò òà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àPETER€M.€COUGHLANÌà àà àà àà àà àà àó óà àAssistant€Attorney€Generalà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà à450ÏJames€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€Tennessee€€€37243„0493Ìò òÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWILLIAM€L.€GIBBONSÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àó óDistrict€Attorney€Generalò òÌó óà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òà àà àà àà àà àà àà àPATIENCE€BRANHAMÌó óà àà àà àà àò òà àà àà àó óAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àCriminal€Justice€ComplexÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à201€Poplar,€Ste.€301Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àMemphis,€Tennessee€38103Ìò òÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€_________________ÌÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌÌJOE€G.€RILEY,ÌJUDGEÌó óÌò òÓ  ÓOPINIONó óÌÑ€1ÑÇÑ7€æ%XXdìXXdì7ÑÓ  ÓÓÓà àThe€defendant,€Johnny€R.€Goode,€appeals€as€of€right€a€jury€conviction€ofÏvoluntary€manslaughter.€€He€was€sentenced€to€four€(4)€years€at€the€Shelby€CountyÏCorrectional€Center€and€fined€$10,000.€€He€presents€three€issues€for€our€review:€1)Ïwhether€the€trial€court€correctly€refused€to€suppress€the€defendantððs€statement;€2)Ïwhether€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€sustain€the€voluntary€manslaughter€conviction;Ïand€3)€whether€the€trial€court€properly€denied€the€defendant€probation.€€TheÏjudgment€of€the€trial€court€is€AFFIRMED.ÌÓ  ÓÌà àò òFACTSÌó ó€ÌÓ  Óà àOn€June€10,€1995,€the€defendant,€an€admitted€ð ðcrack€cocaineðð€addict,€shotÏand€killed€Jerome€ð ðBudðð€Walker.€€Walker€was€a€contact€between€the€defendant€andÏvarious€drug€dealers.€€On€the€evening€of€the€shooting,€Walker€flagged€the€defendantÏdown€and€asked€if€he€wanted€to€buy€any€€ð ðcrack.ðð€€Displeased€with€his€last€purchaseÏfrom€Walker,€the€defendant€refused.€Walker€then€suggested€they€drive€to€a€differentÏlocation€where€the€defendant€could€buy€better€ð ðcrack.ðð€€Walker€ultimately€led€theÏdefendant€to€ð ðRooney,ðð€another€drug€supplier,€from€whom€the€defendant€purchasedÏ$100€worth€of€ð ðcrack€cocaine.ðð€€After€the€transaction,€Walker€asked€for€a€ride€home,Ïand€the€defendant€agreed.Ìà àAs€the€defendant€drove€into€Walkerððs€parking€lot,€the€defendant€alleged€thatÏWalker€threatened€him€with€a€knife€and€demanded€the€ð ðcrack€cocaine.ðð€€TheÏdefendant€never€actually€saw€a€knife,€and€a€set€of€keys€was€the€only€item€found€inÍWalkerððs€hands.€€The€defendant€alleged€that€Walker€lurched€at€him,€and€defendantÏshot€Walker€in€the€neck.€€Walker€died€of€the€bullet€wound€a€short€time€later.€€à àÌà àThe€defendant€went€home€and€did€not€call€the€police.€€The€next€morning€heÏreceived€several€calls€from€individuals€claiming€to€be€ð ðKenny,ðð€a€drug€dealer€andÏfriend€of€Walkerððs.€€The€caller€insisted€that€the€defendant€go€to€a€car€wash€to€meetÏwith€him.€€The€defendant€did€not€recognize€the€voice€as€Kennyððs€and€suspected€heÏwas€being€set€up€to€be€killed€for€shooting€Walker.€€The€defendant€armed€himselfÏwith€two€semi„automatic€weapons€and€left€for€the€car€wash.€€€Before€leaving,€heÏwrote€several€notes€explaining€that€the€shooting€of€Walker€was€in€self„defense€andÏif€he€were€found€dead,€it€was€Kenny€and€his€friends€who€killed€him.Ìà àWhen€the€defendant€arrived€at€the€car€wash,€he€was€approached€by€CaptainÏMichael€Houston€and€Sergeant€Jim€Nichols€of€the€Memphis€Police€Department.€ÏThey€had€received€a€tip€that€the€defendant€had€killed€Walker.€€€After€asking€theÏdefendant€his€name,€the€officers€noticed€a€bulge€in€the€defendantððs€shirt€whichÏappeared€to€be€a€gun.€€At€this€point,€the€two€officers€pulled€their€own€weapons.€€AsÏthey€took€two€guns€from€the€defendant,€Captain€Houston€asked€the€defendant€whichÏgun€he€used€to€kill€Walker.€€The€defendant€replied€he€used€the€smaller€one.€€Ìà àThe€officers€arrested€the€defendant€and€placed€him€in€the€squad€car.€€As€Sgt.ÏNichols€was€interviewing€witnesses€on€the€street,€the€defendant€told€Capt.€HoustonÏthat€he€had€not€been€read€his€rights.€€Capt.€Houston€stated€he€was€not€going€to€beÏquestioned€yet;€however,€he€informed€the€defendant€of€his€rights.€€Capt.€HoustonÏtold€the€defendant€again€that€he€was€not€going€to€be€questioned€at€that€time.Ìà àAs€they€waited€in€the€car,€the€defendant€stated€that€he€wanted€the€officer€toÏgo€to€his€house€and€collect€a€shell€casing€and€the€notes€which€he€had€writtenÏdescribing€the€shooting.€€The€defendant€signed€a€consent€to€search€form.€€TheÏofficers€went€to€his€house,€collected€the€notes€and€shell€casing,€then€returned€to€theÏpolice€station€where€the€defendant€was€again€explained€his€rights.€€The€defendantÏsubsequently€gave€a€written€statement€admitting€to€the€shooting€of€Walker.Ìà àAlthough€charged€with€second€degree€murder,€the€defendant€was€convictedÏby€the€jury€of€the€lesser€offense€of€voluntary€manslaughter.€€Ó  Óò òÌÌÌMOTION€TO€SUPPRESSó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erroneously€refused€to€suppress€hisÏstatements€and€contends€they€were€taken€during€a€custodial€interrogation€before€heÏwas€advised€of€his€constitutional€rights.€€He€contends€that€he€was€ð ðin€custodyðð€whenÏstopped€and€initially€questioned€by€the€police€officers€and€that€subsequentÏstatements€and€evidence€flowing€therefrom€are€tainted€as€ð ðfruit€of€the€poisonousÏtree.ðð€ÌÓ  Óà àò òI.€Custodial€€InterrogationÌó óÌÓ  Óà àStatements€of€an€accused€person€ð ðstemming€from€custodial€interrogationððÏcannot€be€introduced€as€evidence€unless€certain€warnings€are€given€to€protect€aÍpersonððs€privilege€against€self„incrimination.€€òòMiranda€v.€Arizonaóó,€384€U.S.€436,Ï444,€86€S.Ct.€1602,€1612,€16€L.Ed.2d€694,€706€(1966).€€The€òòMirandaóó€warnings€areÏrequired€only€in€situations€of€ð ðcustodial€interrogation.ðð€€òòState€v.€Cooperóó,€912€S.W.2dÏ756,€759€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€ð ðCustodial€interrogationðð€is€defined€asÏð ðquestioning€initiated€by€law€enforcement€officers€after€a€person€has€been€taken€intoÏcustody€or€otherwise€deprived€of€his€freedom€of€action€in€any€significant€way.ðð€ÏòòMirandaóó,€384€U.S.€at€444,€86€S.Ct.€at€1612,€16€L.Ed.2d€at€706;€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€868ÏS.W.2d€561,€570€(Tenn.€1993);€òòCooperóó,€912€S.W.2d€at€759.Ìà àIn€òòState€v.€Andersonóó,€our€Supreme€Court€held€that€the€applicable€standard€toÏdetermine€whether€an€individual€is€ð ðin€custodyðð€is€whether€under€the€totality€of€theÏcircumstances,€a€reasonable€person€in€the€suspectððs€position€would€considerÏhimself€or€herself€deprived€of€freedom€of€movement€to€a€degree€associated€with€aÏformal€arrest.€937€S.W.2d€851,€855€(Tenn.€1996).€€Along€with€the€objectiveÏstandard,€the€Court€listed€the€following€non„exclusive€factors€for€courts€to€consider:Ïthe€time€and€location€of€the€interrogation;€the€duration€and€character€of€theÏquestioning;€the€officerððs€tone€of€voice€and€general€demeanor;€the€suspectððs€methodÏof€transportation€to€the€place€of€questioning;€the€number€of€police€officers€present;Ïany€limitation€on€movement€or€other€form€of€restraint€imposed€on€the€suspect€duringÏthe€interrogation;€any€interactions€between€the€officer€and€the€suspect,€including€theÏwords€spoken€by€the€officer€to€the€suspect€and€the€suspectððs€verbal€or€nonverbalÏresponses;€the€extent€to€which€the€suspect€is€confronted€with€the€law€enforcementÏofficerððs€suspicions€of€guilt€or€evidence€of€guilt;€and€finally,€the€extent€to€which€theÍsuspect€is€made€aware€that€he€or€she€is€free€to€refrain€from€answering€questions€orÏto€end€the€interview€at€will.€€òòIdóó.;€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòState€v.€Bushóó,€942€S.W.2d€489,€499€(Tenn.Ï1997).ÌÓ  ÓÌà àò òII.€Evidence€at€the€Suppression€HearingÌó óÌÓ  Óà àThe€evidence€at€the€suppression€hearing€revealed€that€there€were€threeÏseparate€instances€in€which€the€defendant€divulged€inculpatory€evidence.€€The€firstÏwas€an€affirmative€response€to€the€police€officerððs€inquiry€about€which€gun€theÏdefendant€used€to€kill€Walker.€€The€second€involved€incriminating€notes€and€theÏmatching€shell€casing€found€in€the€defendantððs€carport€as€a€result€of€the€consentÏsearch.€€The€third€was€a€written€admission€to€the€killing€of€Walker€signed€by€theÏdefendant€at€the€police€station.Ìà àDefendantððs€apprehension€began€when€Captain€Houston€and€another€officerÏresponded€to€an€anonymous€tip.€€The€tip€provided€the€name,€ð ðJohnny,ðð€and€hisÏdescription€as€being€the€person€responsible€for€killing€Walker,€a€description€of€theÏdefendantððs€car€and€license€plate€number,€and€where€the€defendant€could€beÏfound.€The€officers€approached€the€area€and€identified€the€car;€however,€it€wasÏunoccupied.€€The€defendant€walked€out€of€a€nearby€building,€and€police€officersÏapproached€him.€€One€officer€asked€the€defendant€his€name€and€the€defendantÏanswered,€ð ðJohnny.ðð€€They€noticed€a€bulge€in€his€shirt€consistent€with€a€gun€andÏasked€him€to€raise€his€hands.€€€The€defendant€hesitated,€and€the€officers€pulled€theirÍweapons.€€The€defendant€acceded€and€while€removing€two€weapons€from€theÏdefendant,€Capt.€Houston€asked,€ð ðWhich€one€of€these€guns€did€you€use€to€shootÏBud€with?ðð€€The€defendant€responded,€ð ðthe€smaller€one.ðð€€Immediately€thereafter,Ïthe€officers€placed€the€defendant€under€formal€arrest.€€Ìà àThe€officers€handcuffed€the€defendant,€put€him€in€the€back€seat€of€the€squadÏcar,€and€called€for€a€back„up€unit.€€The€defendant€told€Capt.€Houston€he€had€notÏbeen€advised€of€his€rights.€€Capt.€Houston€informed€the€defendant€that€he€would€notÏbe€questioned€at€that€time;€nevertheless,€he€advised€him€of€his€òòMirandaóó€rights.€€ÏWhile€waiting€for€the€other€officer€to€interview€witnesses€at€the€scene,€the€defendantÏvolunteered€that€there€were€some€notes€at€his€house€that€he€wanted€the€officers€toÏget.€€He€also€described€where€they€could€find€the€shell€casing€from€the€pistol€usedÏto€shoot€Walker.€€The€officers€obtained€a€consent€to€search€form,€signed€by€theÏdefendant,€to€search€the€area€where€defendant€stated€these€items€could€be€found.€ÏAfter€retrieving€the€items,€the€officers€proceeded€to€the€police€station.€€Some€threeÏhours€later,€the€defendant€was€again€advised€of€his€rights,€signed€a€waiver,€andÏgave€a€full€written€admission€detailing€the€killing€of€Walker.€Ìò òÓ  ÓÌIII.€Analysis€of€Initial€Statementó óÌÌÓ  Óà àConsidering€the€factors€set€forth€in€òòAndersonóó€and€that€the€defendant€wasÏobviously€deprived€of€his€freedom€of€movement€when€the€two€officers€with€drawnÏweapons€searched€him€and€found€two€pistols,€we€are€constrained€to€conclude€thatÍthe€defendant€was€ð ðin€custodyðð€when€he€was€asked€which€pistol€he€used€to€shootÏthe€victim.€€That€statement€was€erroneously€admitted;€however,€we€find€itsÏadmission€harmless€in€light€of€his€written€statement.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(b).Ìò òÓ  ÓÌÌÌÌIV.€Fruit€of€the€Poisonous€TreeÌó óÌÓ  Óà àDefendant€contends,€however,€that€the€notes€seized€pursuant€to€the€consentÏto€search€and€the€written€admission€were€ð ðfruit€of€the€poisonous€treeðð€andÏinadmissible.€€òòSeeóó€òòDunaway€v.€New€Yorkóó,€442€U.S.€200,€99€S.Ct.€2248,€60€œL.Ed.2d›Ï824€(1979).Ìà àAn€illegal,€unwarned€confession€extracted€from€a€defendant€creates€aÏrebuttable€presumption€that€a€subsequent€confession,€even€if€preceded€by€properÏòòMirandaóó€warnings,€is€tainted€by€the€initial€illegality.€€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€834€S.W.2d€915,Ï919€(Tenn.€1992).€€That€presumption€may€be€overcome€by€the€prosecution,Ïhowever,€if€the€state€can€establish€that€the€subsequent€confession€was€given€freelyÏand€voluntarily€and€that€the€constitutional€right€to€be€free€from€self„incrimination€wasÏnot€waived€due€solely€to€the€psychological€pressures€resulting€from€giving€theÏprevious€statement.€€òòIdóó.€at€921.€€Ìà àòòSmithóó€listed€nine€(9)€factors€to€be€utilized€in€determining€whether€the€initial,Íillegal€conduct€prevents€the€accused€from€subsequently€(1)€making€a€free€andÏinformed€choice€to€waive€the€state€constitutional€right€not€to€provide€evidenceÏagainst€oneððs€self,€and€(2)€voluntarily€confessing€his€involvement€in€the€crime.€òòIdóó.€atÏ919.€€Those€factors€are:ÌÓÓà àÔ€2Ôà0 àÔ€&Ô1.€€The€use€of€coercive€tactics€to€obtain€the€initial,€Ìà àà àillegal€confession€and€the€causal€connection€between€Ìà àà àthe€illegal€conduct€and€the€challenged,€subsequent€Ìà àà àconfession;ÌÌà0 àà à2.€€The€temporal€proximity€of€the€prior€and€subsequent€Ìà àà àconfessions;ÌÌà0 àà à3.€€The€reading€and€explanation€ofòò€Mirandaóó€rights€to€the€Ìà àà àdefendant€before€the€subsequent€confession;ÌÌà0 àà à4.€€The€circumstances€occurring€after€the€arrest€and€Ìà àà àcontinuing€up€until€the€making€of€the€subsequent€confession€Ìà àà àincluding,€but€not€limited€to,€the€length€of€the€detention€and€Ìà àà àthe€deprivation€of€food,€rest,€and€bathroom€facilities;ÌÌà0 àà à5.€€The€coerciveness€of€the€atmosphere€in€which€any€Ìà àà àquestioning€took€place€including,€but€not€limited€to,€the€Ìà àà àplace€where€the€questioning€occurred,€the€identity€of€Ìà àà àthe€interrogators,€the€form€of€the€questions,€and€the€Ìà àà àrepeated€or€prolonged€nature€of€the€questioning;ÌÌà0 àà à6.€€The€presence€of€intervening€factors€including,€but€not€Ìà àà àlimited€to,€consultations€with€counsel€or€family€members,€Ìà àà àor€the€opportunity€to€consult€with€counsel,€if€desired;ÌÌà0 àà à7.€€The€psychological€effect€of€having€already€confessed,€Ìà àà àand€whether€the€defendant€was€advised€that€the€prior€Ìà àà àconfession€may€not€be€admissible€at€trial;ÌÌà0 àà à8.€€Whether€the€defendant€initiated€the€conversation€that€Ìà àà àled€to€the€subsequent€confession;€€andÌÌà0 àà à9.€€The€defendant's€sobriety,€education,€intelligence€level,€Ìà àà àand€experience€with€the€law,€as€such€factors€relate€to€the€Ìà àà àdefendant's€ability€to€understand€the€administered€òòMirandaóó€Ìà àà àrights.€€òòÌÌIdóó.€at€919„920.ÌÓÓÌà àAfter€examining€these€factors,€we€conclude€the€consent€to€search€and€theÏwritten€admission€were€preceded€by€òòMirandaóó€warnings€and€were€not€tainted€by€theÏinitial€òòMirandaóó„poor€question.€€The€state€has€clearly€overcome€the€rebuttableÏpresumption.Ìà àAccordingly,€the€evidence€resulting€from€the€consent€search€and€the€writtenÏconfession€were€properly€introduced.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà àÌò òÓ  ÓSUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEÌó óÌÓ  Óà àThe€defendant€argues€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€conviction€ofÏvoluntary€manslaughter.€€Specifically,€the€defendant€contends€that€he€should€haveÏbeen€acquitted€on€the€theory€of€self„defense.€Ìà àWhere€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€is€challenged,€the€relevant€question€for€anÏappellate€court€is€whether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€Ìfavorable€to€the€prosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€Ìessential€elements€of€the€crime€or€crimes€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€Tenn.€R.ÍApp.€P.€13(e);€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789,€61ÏL.Ed.2d€560,€576€(1979);€€òòState€v.€Abramsóó,€935€S.W.2d€399,€401€(Tenn.1996).€€TheÏweight€and€credibility€of€the€witnesses'€testimony€are€matters€entrusted€exclusivelyÏto€the€jury€as€the€triers€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Sheffieldóó,€676€S.W.2d€542,€547€(Tenn.1984);ÏòòState€v.€Breweróó,€932€S.W.2d€1,€19€(Tenn.Crim.App.1996).Ìà àVoluntary€manslaughter€is€the€intentional€or€knowing€killing€of€another€in€aÏstate€of€passion€produced€by€adequate€provocation€sufficient€to€lead€a€reasonableÏperson€to€act€in€an€irrational€manner.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„211.Ìà àThe€defendant€was€indicted€on€the€charge€of€second€degree€murder€and€theÏjury€returned€a€conviction€on€the€lesser€offense€of€voluntary€manslaughter.ÏDefendant€contends€he€shot€the€victim€in€response€to€a€threat€of€being€robbed€withÏa€knife.€€No€knife€was€ever€found,€however,€and€the€defendant€admitted€to€neverÏhaving€seen€a€knife.€€The€only€thing€found€in€the€victimððs€hands€were€car€keys.€€TheÏjury€could€have€rationally€concluded€that€the€unarmed€victim€was€attempting€to€getÏdefendantððs€cocaine€producing€provocation€in€the€defendant,€but€that€theÏdefendantððs€action€in€shooting€the€victim€was€clearly€excessive€and€unnecessary€forÏhis€self„defense.€€Ìà àIt€was€within€the€prerogative€of€the€jury€to€reject€the€claim€of€self€defense.€€It€isÏwell€settled€that€whether€an€individual€acted€in€self„defense€is€a€factualÏdetermination€to€be€made€by€the€jury€as€the€sole€trier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Ivyóó,€868ÏS.W.2d€724,€727€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€The€evidence€was€sufficient€for€aÏrational€juror€to€conclude€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€defendant€was€guiltyÍof€voluntary€manslaughter.€€Accordingly,€this€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌò òÓ  ÓDENIAL€OF€PROBATIONó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€improperly€denied€probation.€AÏdefendant€is€eligible€for€probation€if€the€sentence€received€by€the€defendant€is€eightÏyears€or€less,€subject€to€some€statutory€exclusions.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„303(a).€€A€defendant€with€a€total€effective€sentence€in€excess€of€eight€years€isÏeligible€for€probation€if€the€individual€sentences€imposed€for€the€convictions€fallÏwithin€the€probation€eligibility€requirements.€òòState€v.€Langstonóó,€708€S.W.2d€830,Ï832„833€(Tenn.€1986).Ìà àAn€especially€mitigated€or€standard€offender€convicted€of€a€Class€C,€D€or€EÏfelony€is€presumed€to€be€a€favorable€candidate€for€alternative€sentencing€in€theÏabsence€of€evidence€to€the€contrary.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„102(6).€€A€trial€courtÏmust€presume€that€a€defendant€sentenced€to€eight€years€or€less€and€who€is€not€anÏoffender€for€whom€incarceration€is€a€priority€is€subject€to€alternative€sentencing.€ÏòòState€v.€Byrdóó,€861€S.W.2d€377,€379„380€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€It€is€furtherÏpresumed€that€€a€sentence€other€than€incarceration€would€result€in€successfulÏrehabilitation€unless€rebutted€by€sufficient€evidence€in€the€record.€€òòIdóó.€at€380.€€ÏHowever,€although€a€defendant€may€be€presumed€to€be€a€favorable€candidate€forÏalternative€sentencing,€the€defendant€has€the€burden€of€establishing€suitability€forÏtotal€probation.€€òòState€v.€Boggsóó,€932€S.W.2d€467,€477€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996);€òòseeóóÍTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„303(b).€€Even€though€probation€must€be€automaticallyÏconsidered,€ð ðthe€defendant€is€not€automatically€entitled€to€probation€as€a€matter€ofÏlaw.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„303(b)€Sentencing€Commission€Comments;€òòStateÏv.€Hartleyóó,€818€S.W.2d€370,€373€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).Ìà àIn€determining€whether€to€grant€or€deny€probation,€a€trial€court€shouldÏconsider€the€circumstances€of€the€offense,€the€defendant's€criminal€record,€theÏdefendantððs€social€history€and€present€condition,€the€need€for€deterrence,€and€theÏbest€interest€of€the€defendant€and€€the€public.€€òòState€v.€Grearóó,€568€S.W.2d€285,€286Ï(Tenn.€1978);€òòState€v.€Boydóó,€925€S.W.2d€237,€244€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€òòState€v.ÏBlackóó,€924€S.W.2d€912,€917€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€The€defendant's€lack€ofÏcredibility€is€also€an€appropriate€consideration€and€reflects€on€a€defendant's€ÌÌpotential€for€rehabilitation.€€òòState€v.€Chestnutóó,€643€S.W.2d€343,€353€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1982).Ìà àThe€defendant€was€convicted€of€voluntary€manslaughter,€a€Class€C€felony,Ïand€sentenced€as€a€standard€offender€to€four€(4)€years.€€Accordingly,€the€defendantÏis€presumed€to€be€a€favorable€candidate€for€probation.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„303€(a),€(b).€€Proof€at€the€sentencing€hearing€revealed€the€defendant€had€a€priorÏconviction€for€marijuana€possession,€and€that€he€was€addicted€to€ð ðcrackðð€cocaineÏand€alcohol.€€The€court€noted€the€defendantððs€failure€to€involve€the€police€and€hisÏkill€or€be€killed€attitude€as€ð ðunbelievable€behavior.ðð€€The€trial€court€properly€foundÏthat€the€defendantððs€criminal€and€social€history,€the€circumstances€of€the€crime,€andÍhis€poor€amenability€to€rehabilitation€made€him€unsuitable€for€probation.€€We€agree.ÏThis€issue€is€without€merit.Ìà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€AFFIRMED.ÌÓÓÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà à________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGEÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ__________________________ÌPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌ__________________________ÌDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌÓÓÌÌÌÌÌÓÓÓ  ÓIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€JACKSONÌÓÓÓ  ÓÌÌò òÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEó ó,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àC.C.A.€No.€€02C01„9611„CR„00428Ìà àAppellee,à àà àà à)à0 àÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àSHELBY€€COUNTY€€No.€96„00668Ì€vs.à àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà à)à0 àò ò€Ìà àà àà àà àà àó ó)€€€€€à à(Voluntary€Manslaughter)€à àà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àò òÌJOHNNY€R.€GOODE,ó óà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àò òAFFIRMEDó ó€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ïà àà àAppellant.€€€€€€€€€€€à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÓÓÌÓ  Óà@ àò òJUDGMENTÌÓ  ÓÌà àó óCame€the€appellant,€Johnny€R.€Goode,€by€counsel,€and€the€state,€by€theÏAttorney€General,€and€this€cause€was€heard€on€the€record€on€appeal€from€theÏCriminal€Court€of€Shelby€County;€and€upon€consideration€thereof,€this€court€is€of€theÏopinion€that€there€is€no€reversible€error.ÌÌà àIt€is,€therefore,€ordered€and€adjudged€that€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€isÏAFFIRMED,€and€the€case€is€remanded€to€the€Criminal€Court€of€Shelby€County€forÏexecution€of€the€judgment€of€that€court€and€for€collection€of€costs€accrued€below.ÌÌà àIn€the€event€the€appellant€indicates€an€intention€to€file€an€application€forÏpermission€to€appeal€to€the€Supreme€Court,€he€may€be€admitted€to€bail€in€theÏadditional€amount€of€$10,000€for€a€total€bond€amount€of€$25,000€with€sufficientÍsureties€to€be€approved€by€the€clerk€of€the€trial€court€pending€the€filing€andÏdisposition€of€said€application.€€In€default€of€such€bond,€he€shall€be€remanded€to€theÏcustody€of€the€Sheriff€of€Shelby€County.ÌÌà àCosts€of€appeal€are€taxed€to€the€appellant,€Johnny€R.€Goode,€for€which€letÏexecution€issue.€€Ìà àÌà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àPER€CURIAMÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àòòJoe€G.€Riley,€Judgeóó€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àòòPaul€G.€Summers,€JudgeóóÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àòòDavid€H.€Welles,€JudgeóóÌ