ÿWPC3 …U:V % 0 Ü–w@r 4² Æ Õ 0 Ý 0Dý 0JA 0T‹ 0^ß 0h= 0r¥ 0| 0†“ 0 1u© 0d B‚U*ŸB)ÉDCò AM5·‚’9mË´8nìçZ D3AXtÀÌ! 0@Œ$­Ì$§y'v~ *vÓž+ AOq1ÆÀ1 0D†2 D/Ê2 Bù2, øð AZ‹"Arial RegularX(´`$¡¡Ñ°ÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€‰GXXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  Ñ £¤U¥E¦§+e¨©Dª«Ó€·»{s |dÔôÿÿÿÿ3|x·(Ð(3)™$¤¤Ý ƒ`!ÝѰÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€¼¢XXdædæ7ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d!!!!7Border 1dd€-"Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ­Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ! ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€ XÔÌÌò òSep…temberÏ30,Ï1996ÌÌCecilÏCrowson,ÏJr.ÌÔ€ ôÔAp…pellateÏCourtÏClerkó ó ˆÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ ôÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7À¼¢XXdædæ7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóThe€appellant€was€indicted€upon€a€class€B€felony,€however,€the€jury€found€him€guilty€ofÏthe€lesser€offense€of€possession€of€less€than€one„half€gram€of€cocaine€with€the€intent€to€deliver.Ì cÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ ôÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7À¼¢XXdædæ7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóA€"buy„bust"€operation€involves€"undercover€officers€going€to€drug€trafficking€areas€onÏthe€streets,€buying€crack€cocaine,€and€arresting€the€seller."Ì ªÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ ôÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7À¼¢XXdædæ7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóThe€record€indicates€that€Taylor€was€wired€and€the€entire€conversation€between€himselfÏand€the€appellant€was€audible€to€all€participating€members€of€the€Organized€Crime€Unit.€€However,Ïthis€conversation€was€not€recorded.Ì dÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ ôÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7À¼¢XXdædæ7Ñà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóThe€term€"quarter"€refers€to€a€twenty€dollar€piece€of€crack€cocaine.€€Taylor€testified€that€aÏtwenty€dollar€rock€is€about€the€size€of€a€pencil€eraser.Ì ÝÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóSgt.€Walton€was€part€of€the"take€down€team."€€His€primary€duty€was€to€wait€for€theÏundercover€officer's€(Taylor's)€signal€and€then€move€in€and€arrest€the€suspect.Ì'ÿÿdxd NÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóFreida€Saharovici,€a€research€toxicologist€at€the€University€of€Tennessee,€testified€that,Ïafter€performing€a€color€test,€gas€chromatography,€and€mass€spectrometry€test€in€the€laboratory,Ïthe€substance€recovered€from€Chapman€tested€positive€for€cocaine€in€its€free€base€form.Ì ¶Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóA€criminal€offense€may€be€established€exclusively€by€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòState€v.ÏCooperóó,€736€S.W.2d€125,€129€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987)€(citations€omitted).€If€a€conviction€is€basedÏpurely€on€circumstantial€evidence,€the€facts€and€circumstances€must€be€so€overwhelming€as€toÏexclude€any€other€explanation€except€for€the€defendant's€guilt.€€òòIdóó.€(citation€omitted).Ì("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò £Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  Úóó€€We€note€that€the€appellant€has€waived€this€issue€because€it€was€not€included€as€aÏground€for€relief€in€his€motion€for€new€trial.€òòState€v.€Sextonóó,€917€S.W.2d€263,€266€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1995)€(citing€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€3(e);€òòState€v.€McPhersonóó,€882€S.W.2d€365,€375€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1994)).€€However,€we€choose€to€address€this€issue€on€its€merits.€€€Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€ ôÔà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóIn€order€for€a€defendant€to€be€convicted€of€possession€of€a€òòcounterfeit€controlledÏsubstanceóó€with€intent€to€deliver,€the€substance€must,€among€other€things,€"substantially€imitate€inÏcolor,€shape,€size,€and€markings€or€lack€thereof,€the€physical€appearance€of€a€Schedule€I,€II,€III,€orÏIV€controlled€substance."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„423€(b).ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Geneva ÒÒ  BA Op Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýò ò›à@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€JACKSONÌÙ€€ÙœßL€#$";+'h|‹` O `€€Lß›à@ àMAY€SESSION,€1996Ìó óÌÌÌÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEó ó,à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€œ02C01„9511„CR„00352›Ìà àAppelleeà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àSHELBY€COUNTYÌvs.à àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àHon.€Chris€B.€Craft,ÏJudgeÌò òPETER€GUNNó ó,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à à(Possession€ofÏCocaine€With€IntentÌà àAppellantà àà àà à)à à€to€Deliver)ÌÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:ÌÌAC€Whartonà àà àà àà àà àCharles€W.€Burson€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÏPublic€Defenderà àà àà àà àAttorney€GeneralÏand€ReporterÌÌWalker€Gwinnà àà àà àà àMichael€E.€MooreÌAsst.€Public€Defenderà àà àà àSolicitor€Generalà àà à€Ì201€Poplar€Suite€2„10à àÌMemphis,€TN€€38103à àà àà àCarolyn€PiphusÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€AttorneyÏGeneralà àà àà àà àà àà àà àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493à àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àJohn€W.€PierottiÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAmy€WeirickÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à201€Poplar€AvenueÌà àà àà àà àà àà àMemphis,€TN€38103ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌÌò òDavid€G.€Hayesó óÌJudgeÌÇÓÓà@ àòòò òOPINIONóóó óÌÌà àThe€appellant,€Peter€Gunn,€was€found€guilty€by€a€jury€of€the€unlawfulÏpossession€of€cocaine€with€the€intent€to€deliver,€a€class€C€felony.× ƒ% ××  ×€€The€CriminalÏCourt€of€Shelby€County€imposed€a€sentence€of€six€years€in€the€countyÏworkhouse€and€a€fine€of€$5,000.€€The€appellant€now€appeals€his€convictionÏcontending€that€(1)€the€evidence€is€not€sufficient€to€sustain€the€jury's€verdict€andÏ(2)€the€trial€court€erred€by€failing€to€instruct€the€jury€on€the€lesser€offense€ofÏdelivering€a€counterfeit€controlled€substance.ÌÌà àWe€conclude€that€there€is€no€reversible€error€in€the€record.€€Accordingly,Ïthe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.ÌÌÌà@ àò òI.€€€BACKGROUNDó óÌÌà àThe€State's€proof,€presented€at€trial,€revealed€the€following€facts.€€On€MayÏ6,€1993,€the€Organized€Crime€Unit€of€the€Memphis€Police€Department€wasÍconducting€"buy„bust"€operations€in€a€targeted€area€of€Memphis.× ƒ& ××  ×€€Wylie€Taylor,Ïan€undercover€officer,€testified€that,€around€7:30€p.m.,€he€was€riding€alone€in€anÏunmarked€Chevrolet€Malibu€when€the€appellant€"flagged"€him€down.€€TaylorÏstopped€and€the€appellant€asked€him€what€he€wanted.× ƒ' ××  ×€€Taylor€replied€that€heÏwanted€a€"quarter."× ƒ( ××  ×€€The€appellant€instructed€Taylor€to€drive€around€the€block.€ÏTaylor€complied.€€When€Taylor€returned,€the€appellant€advised€him€that€"you'reÏgoing€to€have€to€take€me€to€where€my€man€is€holding€it€for€me."€€The€appellantÏentered€Taylor's€vehicle€and€directed€Taylor€to€drive€to€a€grocery€store€parkingÏlot,€approximately€two€blocks€away.€€ÌÌà àAt€the€store,€the€appellant€got€out€of€the€car€and€went€around€to€the€sideÏof€the€store,€out€of€Taylor's€sight.€€Sgt.€A.J.€Walton,€another€member€of€the€"buy„bust"€operation,€saw€the€appellant€exit€Taylor's€vehicle.× ƒ) ××  ×€€€He€testified€that€heÏobserved€the€appellant€go€to€the€side€of€the€store,€where€the€appellant€metÍRobert€Chapman,€the€co„defendant.€€Chapman€reached€into€his€right€pocketÏand€placed€something€in€the€appellant's€hand,€he€then€returned€his€hand€to€hisÏright€pocket.ÌÌà àThe€appellant€returned€to€Taylor's€vehicle€and€stated€"I€got€what€you€wantÏbut€I€don't€do€business€anywhere.€€Take€me€back€to€where€you€picked€me€up."€ÏWhen€they€returned€to€the€area,€the€appellant€showed€Taylor€a€"rock"€andÏasked,€"Is€this€what€you€wanted?"€€Taylor€responded€affirmatively€and€gave€theÏappellant€two€marked€ten€dollar€bills.€€The€appellant€handed€the€"rock"€to€Taylor.€ÏAfter€gaining€possession€of€the€"rock,"€Taylor€gave€a€hand€signal€for€the€takeÏdown€team€to€move€in€and€arrest€the€appellant.ÌÌà àOnce€Taylor€gave€this€signal,€the€appellant€observed€members€of€theÏOrganized€Crime€Unit€approaching€the€vehicle.€€Immediately,€"he€snatched€theÏrock€back,€swallowed€it,€opened€the€door,€bailed€out€of€the€car,€dropped€theÏmoney,€and€took€off."€€Lt.€Lawrence€Johnson,€the€supervisor€of€the€"buy„bust"Ïoperation,€chased€the€appellant€through€several€yards€before€catching€him.€ÏUpon€apprehending€the€appellant,€Johnson€placed€him€under€arrest€and,Ïsubsequently,€located€a€pager€on€the€appellant's€person.€€ÌÌà àMeanwhile,€Sgt.€A.J.€Walton,€along€with€several€other€officers,€arrestedÏRobert€Chapman.€€Crack€cocaine€was€recovered€from€Chapman's€right€frontÍpants'€pocket.€€A€beeper€and€a€"couple€rounds€of€ammunition"€were€also€foundÏon€his€person.€€The€police€then€performed€a€ð ðfield€testðð€upon€the€crack€cocaineÏseized€from€Chapman.€€Walton€testified€that€the€substance€weighed€one€gramÏand€tested€positive€for€cocaine.× ƒ+ ××  ×€€€€€€€€ÌÌà àThe€appellant€presented€the€testimony€of€his€co„defendant,€RobertÏChapman,€to€dispute€the€Stateððs€proof.€€Chapman€testified€that,€when€he€andÏthe€appellant€were€arrested,€he€had€drugs€on€his€person.€€However,€heÏmaintained€that€the€appellant€was€not€selling€drugs€and€that,€on€May€6,€1993,Ïthe€appellant€did€not€obtain€any€drugs€from€him.€€In€his€own€defense,€theÏappellant€asserted€his€innocence,€claiming€that€he€was€not€a€"dealer,"€but€only€aÏ"junkie."€€He€admitted€that€he€approached€Chapman€for€drugs,€but€thatÏChapman€would€not€provide€him€with€any.€€The€appellant€added€that€he€ranÏfrom€the€police,€because€he€thought€that€the€people€chasing€him€were€allÏ"junkies"€who€were€trying€to€rob€him.€ÌÌÌÌÌà@ àò òII.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEó óÌÌà àIn€his€first€issue,€the€appellant€asserts€that€"the€State€did€not€prove€thatÏthe€substance€Gunn€sold€was€cocaine."€€Accordingly,€he€argues€that€theÏevidence€is€insufficient€for€a€rational€trier€of€fact€to€find€beyond€a€reasonableÏdoubt€that€he€possessed€cocaine.€€The€State€contends€that€the€circumstantialÏevidence€presented€in€this€case€supports€an€inference€that€the€substanceÏswallowed€by€the€appellant€was€indeed€cocaine.ÌÌà àInitially,€a€defendant€is€cloaked€with€the€presumption€of€innocence.€€òòStateÏv.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€However,€a€jury€convictionÏremoves€this€presumption€of€innocence€and€replaces€it€with€one€of€guilt,€so€thatÏon€appeal€a€convicted€defendant€has€the€burden€of€demonstrating€that€theÏevidence€is€insufficient.€€òòIdóó.€€In€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€thisÏcourt€does€not€reweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571ÏS.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€On€appeal,€the€State€is€entitled€to€the€strongestÏlegitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€legitimate€or€reasonable€inferencesÏwhich€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Harrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€54,€75€(Tenn.Ï1992).€€It€is€the€appellate€court's€duty€to€affirm€the€conviction€if€the€evidenceÏviewed€under€these€standards€was€sufficient€for€any€rational€trier€of€fact€to€haveÏfound€the€essential€elements€of€the€offense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€ÏòòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€317,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979);€òòState€v.ÍCazesóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,€259€(Tenn.€1994);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€This€rule€isÏapplicable€to€findings€of€guilt€predicated€upon€direct€evidence,€circumstantialÏevidence,€or€a€ÌÌÌcombination€of€both€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence.× ƒ, ××  ×€€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805ÏS.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€ÌÌà àThe€jury€found€the€appellant€guilty€of€possession€of€cocaine€with€intent€toÏdeliver.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„417(a)(4)(c)(1)€(1991).€€In€order€toÏconvict€under€this€statute,€the€State€must€prove€that€the€defendant€knowinglyÏpossessed€cocaine€with€the€intent€to€deliver€that€substance.€€òòIdóó.€€The€appellantÏcontends€that€"the€proof€that€Chapman€possessed€cocaine€and€handed€theÏappellant€'something'€is€not€proof€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€ChapmanÏhanded€the€appellant€cocaine."€€He€continues€that€"it€is€a€matter€of€.€.€.€Ïspeculation€as€to€what€Chapman€handed€Gunn€and€speculation€as€to€whatÏGunn€handed€the€officer."€€The€proof€demonstrates€that€the€appellantÏapproached€Taylor,€that€Taylor€sought€to€purchase€a€twenty€dollar€rock€of€crackÏcocaine€from€the€appellant,€that€the€appellant€and€Chapman€conducted€aÍð ðdealingðð€or€exchange€of€a€substance,€that€crack€cocaine€was€later€found€onÏChapman's€person,€that€the€appellant,€during€the€subsequent€exchange€withÏTaylor,€represented€the€substance€to€be€crack€cocaine,€and€that€Taylor€testifiedÏthat€the€substance,€based€upon€his€experience,€looked€like€crack€cocaine.€€òòSee,Ïe.g.óó,€òòState€v.€Andersonóó,€644€S.W.2d€423,€424€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1982)€(LawÏenforcement€officer€experienced€in€narcotics€investigation€may€testify€as€to€theÏidentity€of€a€controlled€substance).€€Additionally,€the€proof€reveals€that€theÏappellant,€prior€to€apprehension,€ingested€the€"rock."€€Thus,€the€jury€could€haveÏinferred€from€this€conduct€a€consciousness€of€guilt.€€òòSeeóó€€òòTillery€v.€Stateóó,€565ÏS.W.2d€509,€511€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978)€("Any€attempt€by€an€accused€toÏconceal€or€destroy€evidence€.€.€.€is€relevant€as€a€circumstance€from€which€guilt€ofÏthe€accused€may€be€inferred.").€€Accordingly,€the€facts€indicate€that€theÏappellant,€acting€with€the€requisite€culpability,€possessed€a€substance€with€theÏintent€to€deliver€that€substance.€€Obviously,€the€ingestion€of€the€substance,Ïpurporting€to€be€cocaine,€by€the€appellant€eliminated€laboratory€testing.€€òòSeeóóÏòòState€v.€Hillóó,€638€S.W.2d€827,€830€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1982)€(Laboratory€testingÏof€substance€not€necessary€to€prove€the€substance€is€an€illegal€substanceÏbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.).€Nonetheless,€considering€the€direct€andÏcircumstantial€evidence€in€the€record,€a€rational€jury€could€and€did€find€theÏappellant€guilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€of€unlawful€possession€of€aÏcontrolled€substance,€to€wit:€cocaine,€with€the€intent€to€deliver€said€substance.€ÏTenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌÌà@ àò òIII.€€LESSER€€INCLUDED€€OFFENSESó óÌÌà àIn€his€final€issue,€the€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€failed€toÏcharge€the€jury€on€the€lesser€included€offense€of€delivering€a€counterfeitÏcontrolled€substance,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„423€(1991).€€He€reasons€that,Ïbecause€there€was€no€direct€evidence€regarding€the€composition€of€theÏsubstance€he€swallowed,€there€was,€at€least,€a€jury€question€whether€theÏsubstance€was€counterfeit€or€real€cocaine.€€Accordingly,€he€argues,€anÏinstruction€on€counterfeit€substances€should€have€been€provided.× ƒ. ××  ×€€WeÏdisagree.ÌÌà àAn€offense€is€said€to€be€a€lesser€included€offense€of€the€principal€offenseÏalleged€in€the€indictment€when€the€"elements€of€the€included€offense€are€aÏsubset€of€the€elements€of€the€charged€offense€and€only€if€the€greater€offenseÏcannot€be€committed€without€also€committing€the€lesser€offense."€€òòState€v.ÏTrustyóó,€919€S.W.2d€305,€310€(Tenn.€1996)€(citing€òòSchmuck€v.€United€Statesóó,Ï489€U.S.€705,€716,€109€S.Ct.€1443,€1450„51€(1989)).€€Ultimately,€an€offense€is€aÍlesser€offense€if€it€does€not€require€proof€of€any€element€not€included€in€theÏgreater€offense.€€òòIdóó.€at€311;€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Howardóó,€578€S.W.2d€83,€85Ï(Tenn.1979).€€Moreover,€the€trial€court€need€not€instruct€on€a€lesser€offenseÏwhere€the€evidence€in€the€record€does€not€support€the€lesser€offense.€€òòSeeóó€ÏòòState€v.€Mellonsóó,€557€S.W.2d€497,€499€(Tenn.€1977).ÌÌà àApplying€these€rules€to€the€instant€case,€the€trial€court€did€not€err€byÏfailing€to€instruct€on€possession€of€counterfeit€controlled€substances.€€AnÏelement€of€that€crime,€possession€of€a€counterfeit€controlled€substance,× ƒ/ ××  ×€wasÏnot€alleged€in€the€indictment€in€the€course€of€setting€forth€the€elements€ofÏpossession€of€cocaine€with€the€intent€to€deliver.€€òòSee€generallyóó€€òòHowardóó,€578ÏS.W.2d€at€85.ÌTherefore,€we€conclude€that€possession€of€a€counterfeit€controlled€substance€isÏnot€a€lesser€offense€of€possession€of€a€controlled€substance.€€Moreover,€at€trial,Ïthe€State€presented€circumstantial€evidence€to€show€that€the€substance€wasÏcrack€cocaine.€€€The€appellant,€on€the€other€hand,€denied€possession€of€anyÏsubstance,€counterfeit€or€genuine,€during€the€transaction€with€Taylor.€€TheÏrecord€indicates€that€no€proof€was€offered€to€satisfy€the€elements€of€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€39„17„423(b).€€Accordingly,€there€is€no€evidence€in€the€record€to€supportÍa€conviction€for€the€offense€of€possession€of€a€counterfeit€controlled€substance.€ÏFor€these€reasons,€any€instruction€by€the€trial€court€charging€counterfeitÏcontrolled€substances€as€a€lesser€included€offense€would€have€constitutedÏerror.€This€issue,€also,€is€without€merit.ÌÌÌà@ àò òIV.€€CONCLUSIONó óÌÌà àAfter€reviewing€the€record€before€us,€we€conclude€that€the€evidence€fullyÏsupports€the€appellant's€conviction€for€possession€of€a€controlled€substanceÏwith€intent€to€deliver.€€Moreover,€we€do€not€find€any€error€in€the€judgment€of€theÏtrial€court.€€Accordingly,€the€judgment€is€affirmed.ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JudgeÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________ÌJOE€B.€JONES,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÌ___________________________ÌPAUL€œG.›€SUMMERS,€Judge