ÿWPC  …# VUNa %¯ 0(µ4Ýñ w 0J 0TT 0^¨ 0h 0rn 0|à 0†\ 0â 1ur 0dç U>K B)‰ DC² AMõ U*Blv~†vÓ B× D3ô 0@' AOgƶ 0D| D/À Bï˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 (ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡·‚^!Ô¬ l Ôô3|x%Ó€2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman% Line 7 d7Border 1dd€-Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÔ€ ÔÔ€ ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€ XÔÌÌò òNovember€7,€1996ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Geneva ÒÒ  BA Op Geneva Ò d%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  ÓÑ  ÑÓÓòòÑ7€¶~XXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÙ€€ÙßL€!;+'h|` Å `€€LßIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌAT€KNOXVILLEÌJULY€1996€SESSIONóóÌÓ  ÓÌÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à€€€€€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€)à àC.C.A.€NO.€03C01„9601„CR„00017€€€€€Ìà àà àAppelleeà àà àà à€€€€€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€)à àHamilton€CriminalÌvs.à àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€)à àHonorable€Stephen€M.€BevilÌRONALD€DEVAUGHN€HARRIS,€à àà à€€€€€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€)à à(Trespass€and€Assault)Ìà àà àAppellantà àà àà à€€€€€)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€ÌÌÓÓÌÌÓÓòòFor€Appellant:à àà àà àà àà àFor€Appellee:ÌÌóóLaura€Rule€Hendricksà àà àà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌAppellant€Contract€Attorney€for€the€à àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌDistrict€Public€Defenders€ConferenceÌ810€Henley€Streetà àà àà àà àà àElizabeth€T.€RyanÌKnoxville,€Tennessee€€37902à àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌòòà àà àà àà àóóà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€Tennessee€€€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àGary€D.€GerbitzÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àRebecca€SternsÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à600€Market€StreetÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àCourts€BuildingÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àChattanooga,€Tennessee€€37402ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED_______________ÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌWILLIAM€M.€DENDER,€SPECIAL€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓòòOPINIONóóÌÌÓ  Óà àAppellant€was€indicted€in€Case€No.€202253€for€criminal€trespass,€and€in€Case€No.€202254Ïfor€assault€by€causing€bodily€injury€or€by€causing€another€to€reasonably€fear€imminent€bodilyÏinjury€in€Count€One,€and€for€assault€by€causing€physical€contact€which€the€other€would€regard€asÏextremely€offensive€or€provocative€in€Count€Two.€€He€was€tried€in€a€bench€trial€and€found€guiltyÏof€trespass€and€assault€by€causing€another€to€reasonably€fear€imminent€bodily€injury.€€This€is€hisÏappeal€as€of€right€from€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àAppellant€states€his€issues€as€follows:ÌÓÓà0 àI.€€The€evidence€was€insufficient€to€support€the€verdict,€the€verdict€is€contrary€to€the€lawÏand€the€evidence,€and€the€evidence€preponderates€in€favor€of€the€appellant€and€against€hisÏguilt.ÌÌà0 àII.€€The€trial€court€abused€its€discretion€in€not€granting€appellant€a€continuance€to€adequatelyÏprepare€for€the€testimony€of€the€surprise€witness.Ì€ÌÓ  ÓÓÓòòÌFACTSóóÌÓ  ÓÌà àBrenda€Pittman€manages€a€Golden€Gallon€convenience€store€in€Hamilton€County.€€Ms.ÏPittman€had€encountered€the€appellant,€whose€nickname€is€Homegrown,€several€times€in€the€store;Ïand€at€some€point€before€the€incident€involved€in€this€case,€she€told€the€appellant€he€was€notÏallowed€to€come€into€the€store€anymore.€€It€appears€that€she€had€also€told€the€appellant€he€was€notÍallowed€on€the€premises;€however,€there€is€a€difference€of€opinion€as€to€whether€appellant€was€notÏallowed€in€the€store€or€was€not€allowed€upon€the€parking€lot€or€any€part€of€the€premises.ÌÌà àOn€April€16,€1994,€appellant€knocked€on€the€window€behind€the€counter€at€which€Ms.ÏPittman€was€working.€€She€went€to€the€door€and€told€the€appellant€to€move€on.€€He€told€her€that€heÏdid€not€have€to€go€away,€and€he€came€right€up€in€Ms.€Pittman's€face.€€Appellant€put€his€handÏbehind€his€jacket€in€his€pants,€and€told€Ms.€Pittman€that€he€would€"blow€[her]€m.f.€white€assÏaway."€€Ms.€Pittman€thought€appellant€had€a€gun€when€he€reached€behind€his€back,€but€she€neverÏsaw€a€gun.€€€Her€testimony€at€this€point€was€as€follows:Ìà0 àA.€€Well,€I€thought€he€had€a€gun.Ìà àQ.€€Okay.€€And€how€did€that€make€you€feel?Ìà àA.€€Well,€it€kind€of€happened€fast,€and€I€don't€know.€€A€thousand€things€are€runningÏà àthrough€your€mind€„„€do€you€run,€do€you€stand€there,€you€know,€what€do€you€do?Ìà0 àQ.€€Okay.Ìà àA.€€Because€I'm€not€used€to€being€threatened€like€that.Ìà àQ.€€Okay.€€Then€what€happened?Ìà àA.€I€told€him€to€go€on.Ìà àQ.€€All€right.Ìà0 àA.€€And€he€said,€"No,€no,€I€don't€have€to."€€And€I€said,€"Yes,€you€do."€€And€somethingÏtold€me€to€just€stand€there,€you€know,€not€to€turn€around,€just€stand€there.€€So€he€hadÏbacked€up€a€little€bit€and€then€he€came€back€at€my€face€again€and€put€his€hand€back€there€theÏsecond€time.€€And€I€told€him,€I€said,€"Look,€you€either€shoot€or€get€off€my€property€now,Ïyou€know,€one€or€the€other,€I€don't€care€which,€but€one€or€the€other,€and€get€off€thisÏproperty."€€I€said,€"This€is€my€store€and€you're€not€going€to€do€this."€€And€there€was€aÍolder€gentleman€that€was€standing€there.€€He€kind€of€went€between€me€and€HomegrownÏand€pushed€him€back€and€told€him€go€on€and€leave€me€alone.ÌÌà àAnother€customer€came€up,€and€appellant€was€going€around€the€car;€but€then€appellantÏacted€like€he€was€going€to€come€back,€but€then€he€stopped,€went€on€and€got€back€in€the€car.€€Ms.ÏPittman€went€back€in€the€store,€and€appellant€left€the€premises.€€Soon€thereafter,€appellant€calledÏthe€store€and€told€Ms.€Pittman€that€she€had€no€right€to€keep€him€out€of€the€store,€and€he€also€said,Ï"You're€going€to€keep€messing€around€and€you're€going€to€get€hurt."ÌÌÓ  ÓòòANALYSIS€AND€HOLDINGÌÌÓ  Óóóà àIn€his€first€issue,€appellant€questions€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€and€the€weight€of€theÏevidence.€€When€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€this€Court€mustÏreview€the€evidence€to€determine€whether€a€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essentialÏelements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319€(1979).€ÏThis€Court€does€not€reweigh€or€re„evaluate€the€evidence,€and€is€required€to€afford€the€State€theÏstrongest€legitimate€view€of€the€proof€contained€in€the€record€as€well€as€all€reasonable€andÏlegitimate€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2d€185,€191Ï(Tenn.€1992);€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1985).ÌÌÓ  ÓòòASSAULTóóÌÌÓ  Óà àT.C.A.€ðð€39„13„101(a)€states€that€a€person€commits€assault€who€"intentionally€orÏknowingly€causes€another€to€reasonably€fear€imminent€bodily€injury."ÌÌà àWe€feel€that€the€repeated€threats€of€physical€violence€by€the€appellant€and€the€refusal€ofÏappellant€to€leave€the€premises€after€being€told€to€do€so€provide€evidence€from€which€any€rationalÏtrier€of€fact€could€have€found€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€appellant€intended€to€"cause€anotherÏto€reasonably€fear€imminent€bodily€injury."ÌÌà àMs.€Pittman€testified,€€"Well,€I€thought€he€had€a€gun."€and€"Well,€it€kind€of€happened€fast,Ïand€I€don't€know.€€A€thousand€things€are€running€through€your€mind€„„€do€you€run,€do€you€standÏthere,€you€know,€what€do€you€do?"€€We€feel€this€testimony€provides€evidence€from€which€anyÏrational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€Ms.€Pittman€"fearedÏimminent€bodily€injury",€and€that€it€was€"reasonable"€for€her€to€do€so.ÌÌà àWe€hold€there€is€ample€evidence€from€which€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€theÏessential€elements€of€the€crime€of€assault€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ÌÌÌÓ  ÓòòCRIMINAL€TRESPASSóóÌÓ  ÓÌà àT.C.A.€ðð€39„14„405(a)€states:ÌÓÓà0 àA€person€commits€criminal€trespass€who,€knowing€he€does€not€have€the€owner's€effectiveÏconsent€to€do€so,€enters€or€remains€on€property,€or€a€portion€thereof.€€Knowledge€that€theÏperson€did€not€have€the€owner's€effective€consent€may€be€inferred€where€notice€againstÏentering€or€remaining€is€given€by:€€(1)€Personal€communication€to€the€person€by€the€ownerÏor€by€someone€with€apparent€authority€to€act€for€the€owner€.€.€.ÌÌÓ€ÓÌÓÓà àThe€uncontroverted€evidence€clearly€shows€that€both€Ms.€Pittman€and€Ms.€Dellinger€hadÍtold€appellant€that€he€was€not€allowed€in€the€store,€and€we€feel€the€evidence€is€sufficient€for€the€trierÏof€fact€to€conclude€that€appellant€was€not€allowed€upon€the€parking€lot€or€other€portions€of€theÏGolden€Gallon€premises;€however,€we€do€not€find€it€necessary€to€determine€whether€he€wasÏbanned€from€the€store€or€the€premises.€€The€failure€of€appellant€to€leave€the€premises€when€he€wasÏinitially€told€to€leave€by€Ms.€Pittman€is€sufficient€under€our€law€to€find€appellant€guilty€of€criminalÏtrespass.€€Certainly€this€would€be€true€after€his€continued€argument€with€Ms.€Pittman,€his€veryÏspecific€threat€to€cause€her€bodily€injury,€and€his€leaving€the€premises€only€after€the€intervention€ofÏtwo€men.ÌÌà àWe€hold€there€is€ample€evidence€from€which€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€theÏessential€elements€of€the€crime€of€criminal€trespass€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€ÌÌà àThe€first€issue€has€no€merit.ÌÌÓ  ÓòòWITNESS€„€CONTINUANCEóóÌÓ  Ó€Ìà àIn€his€second€issue,€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€abused€its€discretion€by€denyingÏhis€motion€for€a€continuance€when€Office€O'Malley€was€allowed€to€testify,€because€O'Malley€wasÏnot€listed€on€the€indictment,€was€not€listed€on€the€warrants,€and€was€not€listed€as€a€witness€inÏresponse€to€a€discovery€order€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àThe€decision€to€bar€or€permit€an€omitted€witness€to€testify€at€trial€is€a€matter€whichÏaddresses€itself€to€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€court.€€òòMcBee€v.€Stateóó,€213€Tenn.€15,€27„28,Ï372€S.W.2d€173,€179€(1963).€€An€accused€is€not€entitled€to€relief€for€such€a€violation€unless€theÍaccused€can€establish€that€he€was€prejudiced€in€the€preparation€and€presentation€of€his€defense.€ÏòòState€v.€Morrisóó,€750€S.W.2d€746,€749€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).ÌÌà àAppellant€has€not€established€any€way€that€he€has€been€prejudiced€by€the€testimony€ofÏOfficer€O'Malley.€€His€testimony€had€little,€if€any,€bearing€on€the€facts€surrounding€the€events€forÏwhich€appellant€was€convicted.€€We€find€no€error€in€permitting€O'Malley€to€testify€withoutÏallowing€a€continuance.€€Under€the€circumstances€of€this€case,€any€possible€error€in€permittingÏO'Malley€to€testify€would€certainly€be€harmless€error€beyond€any€doubt.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.Ï52(a).ÌÌà àThe€second€issue€has€no€merit.ÌÌà àFor€the€reasons€stated€herein,€the€trial€court€is€affirmed,€and€the€case€is€remanded€to€the€trialÏcourt€for€all€necessary€proceedings€not€inconsistent€with€this€opinion.ÌÓÓÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà à__________________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àWilliam€M.€Dender,€Special€JudgeÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌJoseph€B.€Jones,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌDavid€G.€Hayes,€JudgeÌÓ  Ó