ÿWPCc …# VUNa %¯ 0(µ4Ýñ 0ˆ bˆ  w˜ 0D´ 0Jø B 0TB 0^– 0hô 0r\ 0|Î 0†J 0Ð 1u` U,Õ 0d BeU,‚U>®U*ìB) D3?DCr AMµ 0@+Bv~mvÓë AO¾Æ  0DÓ D/ BF˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 (ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡ÍvË @ d3|x¬(8(2R$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ4°ÒÒ„°Òà Œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó- ù-œDUžÓ€ª(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d$$$$'ÿÿdxd))))7Border 1dd€-+Cþÿ << Gÿÿ("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò !Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÔ€(ÔÔ€(ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€(XÔÌÌò òJune€7,€1996ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€(ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó óPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA Op Monaco Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€&&X„d&ÓÑ#€&&Xd#ÑÔ€'ÔÝ  ÝÒ 4 ÒÒ „ ÒÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€(ԛр ÑÑ7€6XXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  Ñà àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÓ  ÓÌÙ€€ÙÓ  ÓœßL€,.+;+'h|` Å `€€Lß›AT€KNOXVILLEÌÓ  ÓÌÓ  ÓMARCH€1996€SESSIONó óÌÓ  ÓÌÌÌà àÓ ` ®DÓò òÌÓ` cÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àó ó)€ÌÓ ` ¸ cÓà àà à)€C.C.A.€No.€03C01„9508„CR„00230€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ïà àAppellee,à à)Ìà àà à)€Knox€CountyÌV.€€€€€€€à à)Ìà àà à)€Hon.€Richard€R.€Baumgartner,€JudgeÌò òà àó óà à)ò òÌJEROME€DAJUAN€HILL,à àó ó)€€(Sentencing)€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà à)Ì€à àAppellant.à à)ÌÌÌÌÌÓ` ÓFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌÌGerald€L.€Gulley,€Jr.à àCharles€W.€BursonÌP.O.€Box€1708€€€€€€€€€€€€€à àAttorney€General€&€Reporter€ÌKnoxville,€TN€€€37901„1708Ì€€€(On€Appeal)à àDarian€B.€TaylorÌà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌLaurie€Scarcella€Andrijeskià àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌ4900€Jonquil€Lane€à à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌKnoxville,€TN€€€37909à àNashville,€TN€37243„0493Ì(Plea€Submission€&€Sentencing)Ìà àRandall€E.€NicholsÌà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àFred€Bright€€€€€Ìà àAsst.€Dist.€Attorney€GeneralÌà àCity„County€Building€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àKnoxville,€TN€€€37902ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€___________________ÌÌÌò òAFFIRMEDÌó óÌÌò òPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,ó óÌJudgeÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÑ  ÑÔ  Ôà@ àò òO€P€I€N€I€O€Nó óÌà àÌÌÓ ` °§XÓÓÓà àThe€appellant,€Jerome€œDajuan›€Hill,€pled€guilty€to€three€counts€ofÏaggravated€robbery.€€Following€a€hearing,€the€appellant€received€an€eighteenÏyear€sentence€in€each€count€as€a€Range€II€offender.€€The€sentences€in€countsÏone€and€two€were€ordered€to€run€œconsecutively€with›€the€third€sentence€runningÏconcurrently€with€the€second.€€The€appellant€appeals€this€effective€thirty„six€yearÏsentence€claiming:€(1)€that€the€trial€court€improperly€imposed€consecutiveÏsentences€and€(2)€that€the€trial€court€improperly€enhanced€the€sentence€withinÏthe€sentencing€range.€€We€affirm€the€sentences€imposed€by€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àThe€stipulated€proof€established€at€the€guilty€plea€submission€andÏsentencing€hearing€reveals€that€Cathy€Watson,€Ronnie€Solomon,€and€JohnÏBradley€were€gathered€at€the€Watson€residence.€€Solomon€is€Ms.€Watson's€son.€ÏBradley€responded€to€a€knock€at€the€garage€door.€€Two€individuals€asked€if€BudÏWatson,€Cathy€Watsonððs€husband,€was€home.€€One€of€these€men€had€a€piece€ofÍpaper€covering€his€face.€€When€Bradley€told€them€Mr.€Watson€was€not€at€home,Ïthe€appellant€appeared€from€the€garage€armed€with€a€pistol.€€The€appellant€toldÏMr.€Bradley€to€get€back€in€the€house€or€he€was€going€to€ð ðblow€[Bradleyððs]€damnÏhead€off.ðð€€The€three€men€forced€the€individuals€into€the€residence.€€At€gunpoint,ÏSolomon€and€Bradley€were€forced€to€lie€down€in€the€living€room€while€Ms.ÏWatson€was€forced€into€the€kitchen.€€All€three€individuals€were€tied€up€withÏphone€cords€and€blindfolded.€€The€appellant€put€the€gun€to€Ms.€Watsonððs€headÏand€said,€ð ðBitch,€you€were€told€to€get€down.ðð€€Some€time€later€when€Ms.€WatsonÏlooked€up,€the€appellant€raised€a€hammer€as€if€to€hit€Watson.€€He€said,€ð ðBitch,Ïyou€were€told€not€to€look.ðð€€ÌÌà àThe€robbers€took€the€hammers€from€the€tool€belts€worn€by€Solomon€andÏBradley€and€threatened€them.€€The€victims€were€then€tapped€on€the€head€withÏÔ  ÔÔ  Ôthe€hammers.€€Bradley€heard€the€men€say€that€they€were€going€to€bustÏÔ  ÔSolomonððs€head€with€the€hammer.€€€€ÌÌà àThe€three€men€began€to€ransack€the€house€calling€each€other€by€numberÏrather€than€by€name.€€All€three€victims€indicated€that€the€appellant€appeared€toÏbe€the€leader.€€When€the€three€individuals€left€the€residence,€the€victims€freedÏthemselves€and€ran€outside.€€A€neighbor,€who€had€noticed€a€suspicious€vanÏnear€the€Watsonððs€residence,€alerted€the€police.€€Detective€Tim€œCristol›€spottedÏthe€van€and€saw€it€drive€away€as€he€approached.€€It€was€later€determined€thatÏthe€van€was€driven€by€a€fourth€codefendant,€Melissa€œSadler›.ÌÌà àThe€robbers€took€Bradleyððs€car€keys,€a€gold€ring,€and€three€thousandÏdollars€from€his€pocket.€€From€Ms.€Watson,€they€took€jewelry€valued€at€over€tenÏthousand€dollars,€her€television,€VCR,€and€stereo.€€In€addition,€Bradleyððs€vanÏwas€taken€by€two€of€the€men€and€Ms.€Watsonððs€vehicle€was€taken€by€the€thirdÏindividual.€€These€vehicles€were€abandoned€in€the€general€vicinity€as€the€threeÏindividuals€fled€on€foot.€€œSadler›€was€later€arrested€in€the€van€which€had€broughtÏthe€four€of€them€to€the€Watson€residence.€€The€other€three€perpetrators€wereÏalso€arrested€within€hours.€€€€ÌÌà àThe€appellant€challenges€the€sentences€imposed€by€the€trial€court.€€OurÏreview€of€the€sentences€is€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€with€a€presumption€that€the€determinationsÏof€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)€(1990);€òòState€v.ÏByrdóó,€861€S.W.2d€377,€379€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€This€presumption€isÏconditioned€upon€an€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€courtÏconsidered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.€ÏòòState€v.€œAshby›óó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€ÌÌÌÌà@ àIÌà àIn€his€first€issue€the€appellant€claims€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€itÏordered€consecutive€sentences€in€counts€one€and€two.€€Further,€he€argues€itÍwas€error€to€run€the€effective€sentence€in€this€case€consecutively€with€IllinoisÏsentences.€€€€ÌÌà àThe€court€may€order€sentences€to€run€consecutively€if€it€finds€by€aÏpreponderance€of€the€evidence€either€of€the€following:ÌÓÓÌà8 àà8 à(2)à àThe€defendant€is€an€offender€whose€record€ofÏcriminal€activity€is€extensive;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(4)à àThe€defendant€is€a€dangerous€offender€whoseÏbehavior€indicates€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life,Ïand€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€in€whichÏthe€risk€to€human€life€is€high;...€€ÌÌÌÓÓTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(2)€&€(4)€(1991).€€Here,€the€trial€court€foundÏsupport€for€consecutive€sentences€under€both€subsections.€€The€appellantÏargues,€however,€that€neither€basis€has€been€proven€by€a€preponderance€of€theÏevidence.€€We€disagree.ÌÌà àBecause€we€find€subsection€(b)(4)€to€be€dispositive€of€this€issue,€weÏaddress€it€first.€€In€òòState€v.€œWilkerson›óó,€905€S.W.2d€933€(Tenn.€1995),€ourÏSupreme€Court€held€that€the€trial€court€must€first€find€that€the€defendant€is€aÏdangerous€offender.€€Pursuant€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(4)€citedÏabove,€the€defendantððs€behavior€must€indicate€little€or€no€regard€for€human€lifeÏand€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€isÏhigh.€€Here,€the€trial€court€made€the€following€finding:ÌÓÓÌà8 àà8 àI€donððt€think€there€is€any€question€that€he€is€aÏdangerous€offender€and€has€little€regard€for€humanÏlife....€he€has€managed€to€personally€confront€andÏpersonally€threaten€in€an€intimate€situation€fiveÏseparate€individuals.€€ÌÌÌÓÓœÌÌWe›€agree€that€the€record€evidences€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life.€€Further,Ïwe€see€no€hesitation€on€the€appellantððs€part€in€committing€these€crimes.€€AsÏindicated€in€the€proof,€the€appellant€and€his€œcodefendants›€put€guns€to€theÏvictimsðð€heads€and€threatened€to€ð ðbust€their€headsðð€with€a€hammer.€€TheseÏthreats€continued€throughout€the€course€of€the€robbery.€€The€appellant€is€aÏdangerous€offender.ÌÌà àOnce€such€a€determination€is€made,€òòœWilkerson›óó€concludes€that€the€proofÏmust€also€show€that€the€terms€imposed€are€reasonably€related€to€the€severity€ofÏthe€offenses€committed€and€are€necessary€in€order€to€protect€the€public€fromÏfurther€criminal€acts€by€the€offender.€€òòIdóó.€at€939.€€The€trial€court€held€that€ð ðlessÏrestrictive€measures€in€[appellantððs]€case€have€failed.ðð€€The€court€noted€theÏappellant€was€on€parole€from€an€Illinois€conviction€when€this€offense€occurred.€ÏFurther,€the€appellant€previously€violated€his€Illinois€probation€for€which€he€wasÏon€parole.€€We€conclude€that€the€sentences€imposed€are€reasonably€related€toÏthe€severity€of€the€present€offenses.€€Further,€we€find€them€necessary€to€protectÏthe€public€from€likely€future€criminal€acts€by€this€appellant.€€€€ÌÌà àBecause€we€find€that€the€proof€supports€consecutive€sentencing€underÏthis€subsection,€it€is€unnecessary€to€address€the€additional€ground€forÏconsecutive€sentencing.œ›€€This€issue€is€without€merit.€ÌÌà@ àIIÌà àIn€his€second€and€final€issue,€the€appellant€claims€that€the€trial€courtÏimproperly€enhanced€the€sentence€within€the€sentencing€range.€€MoreÏspecifically€he€challenges€the€courtððs€consideration€of€certain€enhancementÏfactors.€ÌÌà àThe€presumptive€sentence€shall€be€the€minimum€within€the€range€if€noÏenhancement€or€mitigating€factors€exist.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(c)Ï(1990).€€If€enhancement€factors€exist€but€there€are€no€mitigating€factors,€then€theÏtrial€court€may€set€the€sentence€above€the€minimum€in€that€range€but€still€withinÏthe€range.€€ÌÌà àIn€this€case,€the€trial€court€found€no€mitigating€factors€but€found€theÏfollowing€enhancement€factors€as€set€forth€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114:ÌÓÓÌà8 àà8 à(1)à àthe€defendant€has€a€previous€history€ofÏcriminal€behavior€in€addition€to€that€necessary€toÏestablish€the€appropriate€range;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(2)à àthe€defendant€was€a€leader€in€the€commissionÏof€an€offense€involving€two€or€more€criminal€actors;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(5)à àthe€defendant€treated€or€allowed€the€victims€toÏbe€treated€with€exceptional€cruelty€during€theÏcommission€of€the€offense;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(6)à àthe€amount€of€property€taken€was€particularlyÏgreat;Ìà8 àà8 àÌà8 àà8 à(8)à àthe€defendant€has€a€previous€history€ofÏunwillingness€to€comply€with€the€conditions€of€aÏsentence€involving€release€in€the€community;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(13)à àthe€felony€was€committed€while€the€defendantÏwas€on€parole;ÌÌà8 àà8 à(16)à àthe€crime€was€committed€under€circumstancesÏunder€which€the€potential€for€bodily€injury€was€great.ÌÌÌÓÓTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„114(1),€(2),€(5),€(6),€(8),€(13)€&€(16)€(1990).€€TheÏappellantððs€only€contest€is€to€factors€five€and€sixteen.€€We€agree€that€factorÏsixteen€was€inappropriately€considered€by€the€trial€court.€€This€Court€has€heldÏthat€this€factor€requires€the€same€proof€as€that€necessary€to€establish€theÏelements€of€the€offense€of€aggravated€robbery.€€òòState€v.€œClaybrooks›óó,€910ÏS.W.2d€868,€872€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994);€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòState€v.€Brooksóó,€No.€œ02C01›„9411„CV„00261€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€July€19,€1995).€€Thus,€this€factor€should€notÏhave€been€considered.ÌÌà àHowever,€as€to€enhancement€factor€five,€proof€exists€in€the€record€toÏsupport€the€trial€courtððs€finding€of€ð ðexceptional€cruelty.ðð€€In€òòState€v.€œGoodwin›óó,€909ÏS.W.2d€35,€45„46€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)€this€Court€held€that,€when€applyingÏenhancement€factor€five,€the€trial€judge€ð ðshould€state€what€actions€of€theÍ[d]efendant,€apart€from€the€elements€of€the€offense,€constituted€ððexceptionalÏcruelty.ðððð€The€trial€judge€did€so€in€the€instant€case.ÌÌà àThe€transcript€of€the€sentencing€hearing€reveals€that€in€consideringÏenhancement€factor€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(5),€the€trial€judge€found€that€:ÌÓÓÌà8 àà8 àI€think€that€Mr.€Hill€displayed€conduct€out€there€thatÏwas€much€greater€in€its€sense€of€cruelty€during€theÏcommission€of€this€offense€than€needed€toÏaccomplish€his€goal.€€He€threatened€on€a€number€ofÏoccasions€„„€he€threatened€two€particular€individualsÏby€pointing€a€gun€at€their€head€and€threatening€toÏshoot€them.€€He€used€a€hammer€at€one€point€in€timeÏand€threatened€the€victim€with€that€hammer€while€sheÏwas€down€on€the€floor,€obviously€not€in€a€position€toÏdo€anything€to€harm€him.€€ÌÌÌÓÓAggravated€robbery€encompasses€ð ðthe€intentional€or€knowing€theft€of€propertyÏfrom€the€person€of€another€by€violence€or€putting€the€person€in€fear€...Ï[œa]ccomplished›€with€a€deadly€weapon€or€by€display€of€any€article€used€orÏfashioned€to€lead€the€victim€to€reasonably€believe€it€to€be€a€deadly€weapon....ðð€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„401(a)€&€„402(a)(1)€(1991).€€Ms.€Watson€testified€thatÏat€one€point€she€thought€she€was€going€to€be€killed.€€She€said€she€hoped€theyÏshot€her€before€shooting€her€son.€€The€continual€threats€could€have€constitutedÏexceptional€cruelty.€€This€factor€justifiably€carried€some€weight€in€the€trialÏjudgeððs€enhancement€consideration.€€ÌÌà àAlthough€factor€sixteen€was€inappropriately€applied,€we€find€that€theÏstrength€of€the€remaining€factors€justifies€the€sentence€imposed.Ìà àÌà àThe€sentences€are€affirmed.ÌÌÓӜ̛à àà àà àà àà àà àòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌà àà àà àà àà àà àPAUL€G.€SUMMERS,€JudgeÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌòò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌJOSEPH€M.€œTIPTON›,€JudgeÌÌÌòòÌ€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌCHARLES€LEE,€Special€Judge