ÿWPC— …UBV %˜U.žÌnXÜ 0P4 4„ ˜ 0”  0D4 w@x 0J¸ 0T V 0^\ 0hº 0r" 0|” 0† 0– 1u&U,› 0dÇ B+U,H D3tU6§B)Ý 0@DCF AM‰:ÖE™U³îv~¡vÓ AOòÆA 0D D/K Bz<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiX%ä2¼A`ArialTT3|X«<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉJQX@%ä2¼A`ArialTTt10cpiXXXä2¼P±ŠQXP((­À$¡¡ÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓÔ¡¨ (D(3¾Á$¤¤Ý ƒ­À!ÝÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó DU U U “e  UÓ€2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔH 2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Monaco$$$$'ÿÿdxd< Œ 9p`(Courier New% Line 7 d("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò,,,,7Border 1dd€-.Cþÿ << Gÿÿ 0Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÔ€+ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÔ€ÔÔ€ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€XÔÌÌJuneÏ20,Ï1996ÌÌCecilÏW.ÏCrowsonÌAppellateÏCourtÏClerkÔ  Ôó ó ;Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÔ€+ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€+ôÔÔ€ÔIt€is€the€policy€of€this€Court€to€use€the€initials€of€minor€victims€of€sex€crimes.Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÔ€+ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€+ôÔÔ€Ô€It€is€unclear€from€the€record€whether€the€incident€occurred€on€a€Friday€or€a€Saturday€night,€andÏwhether€the€victim€returned€home€on€the€following€Sunday€or€Tuesday.Ì ©Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÔ€+ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€+ôÔÔ€Ô"Aggravated€sexual€battery€is€unlawful€sexual€contact€with€a€victim€by€the€defendant€.€.€.€[whereÏthe€victim€is€less€than€thirteen€(13)€years€of€age].ðð€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„504€(1991€Repl.).€ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA Op Monaco Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ ÔÓ&€))X„d&ÓÑ#€))Xd#ÑÔ€+ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  Ý›Ñ ` ÑÑ X ÑÑ7€—õXXdÈdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓ  ÓԀԜـ€ÙßL€/0.;+'h|` 81 `€€Lß›à àà àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINALÏAPPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEÌÌÓ  Óà@ àAPRIL€1996€SESSIONÌÌÌÌó óÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)ó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óà àò òC.C.A.ÏNO.€01C01„9508„CC„00267ó óÌà àà àAppellee,à àò ò€€€€€à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àWAYNEÏCOUNTYó óÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.ÏJAMES€L.€WEATHERFORD,ÌROGER€DALE€HILL,ÏSR.,à àà àà à)à àJUDGEÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àó óAppellant.ò òà àà àà à)à àó ó(Aggravated€sexual€battery)ò òÌó óÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANT:óóà àà àà à€€€€€òòà àFOR€THEÏAPPELLEE:óóÌÌÌò òSHARA€A.ÏFLACYà àà àà àà àà àCHARLES€W.ÏBURSONÌó óPublic€Defenderà àà àà àà àà àAttorneyÏGeneral€&€Reporterò òÌÌWILLIAM€C.€BRIGHTó óà àò òà àà àà àCLINT€J.ÏMORGANó óÌAsst.€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àCounselÏfor€the€StateÌ209€W.€Madison€St.à àà àà àà à450€JamesÏRobertson€Pkwy.ÌP.O.€Box€1208à àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌPulaski,€TN€€€38478à àà àà àà àÌ€€€€€(On€Appeal)à àà àò òà àà àà àMIKE€BOTTOMSó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌò òWILLIAM€C.€BRIGHTó óÌà à„and„à àà àà àò òà àà àà àRICHARD€DUNAVANTó óÌò òJOHN€P.€DAMRONó óà àà àà àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌAsst.€Public€œDefenders›à àà àà àà àP.O.€Box€304à àà àÌ209€W.€Madison€St.à àà àà àà àPulaski,€TN€€€38478ÌP.O.€Box€1208à àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌPulaski,€TN€€€38478Ì€€€€€(At€Trial)à àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àÌOPINION€FILED:____________________ÌÌÌÌò òREVERSED€AND€DISMISSEDó óÌÌÌò òJOHN€H.€PEAY,ó óÌJudgeÌÇÑ  Ñà@ àò òòòO€P€I€N€I€O€NÌÌÌó óóóÌÓ  ÓÓÓÓ  Óà àà àThe€defendant€was€indicted€for€aggravated€rape.€€After€a€jury€trial,€heÏwas€convicted€of€aggravated€sexual€battery.€€Following€his€sentencing€hearing,€theÏdefendant€was€sentenced€as€a€Range€œI,›€standard€offender,€to€twelve€years.€€He€wasÏalso€assessed€a€twenty„five€thousand€dollar€($25,000)€fine.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€now€appeals€as€of€right,€raising€the€following€six€issues:ÌÒ ô ÒÒ ¦ ÒÓÓ1.à àThe€indictment€was€fatally€deficient€so€as€to€deprive€the€trial€courtÏà àof€jurisdiction;Ìà àà àÌ2.à àThe€trial€court€erred€in€ruling€admissible€for€impeachmentÏà àà àpurposes€the€defendantððs€prior€conviction€under€theÏhabitual€à àmotor€vehicle€offender€statute;ÌÌ3.à àHe€was€denied€a€fair€trial€when€the€State€elicited€testimony€thatÏà àhe€had€refused€to€make€a€statement€and€had€requested€aÏlawyer;ÌÌ4.à àThe€trial€court€erred€in€ruling€admissible€a€photograph€of€theÏà àvictim;ÌÌ5.à àThe€State€failed€to€disclose€exculpatory€information€in€violationÏof€òòà àBrady€v.€Marylandóó,€373€U.S.€83€(1963);€andÌÌÓÓ6.à àHis€sentence€is€excessive.ÌÓÓÌÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÓÓBecause€we€find€merit€in€the€first€of€the€defendantððs€grounds€for€this€appeal,€weÏreverse€the€conviction€and€dismiss€the€charge€against€him.ÌÌà àà àOn€or€about€June€22,€1991,€the€victim,€M.H.× ƒ1 ××  ×€and€her€older€sister€wereÏspending€the€night€with€their€paternal€grandmother.€€M.H.€was€about€eight€years€oldÏat€the€time.€€The€victimððs€father,€the€defendant,€also€spent€the€night€at€the€house.ÌÌà àà àThe€victim€slept€on€the€floor€of€the€living€room€with€her€sister€and€theÏdefendant;€the€defendant€slept€between€the€two€girls.€€The€victimððs€grandmother€sleptÏon€a€couch€nearby€in€the€same€room.€€The€victim€testified€that,€while€they€had€allÏbeen€lying€there,€but€after€her€sister€and€grandmother€had€gone€to€sleep,€theÏdefendant€had€pulled€her€nightgown€up,€pulled€her€panties€over,€put€ð ð[h]is€finger€inÏmy€private,ðð€and€then€ð ðgot€on€top€of€me€and€.€.€.€started€putting€his€private€part€intoÏmine.ðð€€According€to€the€victim,€the€defendant€had€then€started€moving€ð ð[u]p€andÏdown.ðð€€The€victim€testified€that€this€had€hurt€her€and€that€she€had€told€the€defendantÏð ðto€quit,ðð€which€he€then€did.ÌÌà àà àThe€victim€told€no€one€about€the€incident€until€she€returned€home€withinÍa€few€days.× ƒ2 ××  ×€€That€evening,€as€she€was€getting€ready€to€take€a€bath,€she€told€herÏmother,€Lois€Rockwell,€that€she€hurt€ð ðdown€there,ðð€in€her€ð ðprivacy.ðð€€Her€motherÏtestified€that€she€had€then€examined€her€daughter€and€saw€that€ð ðshe€was€all€red,Ïbruised€looking€down€in€her€privates.ðð€€Rockwell€testified€further€that€M.H.€had€said€toÏher,€ð ð€ððMama,€my€daddy€touched€me€in€my€privates€in€the€wrong€way.ðð€ððÌÌà àà àRockwell€then€took€M.H.€to€the€hospital.€€The€nurse€who€was€presentÏwhile€M.H.€was€examined€by€a€doctor€testified,€and€read€to€the€jury€the€notes€she€hadÏmade€following€her€observations€of€M.H.€upon€her€admission.€€These€notes€reflectedÏthe€date€as€Tuesday,€June€25,€1991.ÌÌà àà àBridget€Massey,€a€Department€of€Human€Services€(ð ðDHSðð)€employee,Ïtestified€that€she€had€been€in€the€hospital€with€M.H.€on€June€25,€1991,€and€that€sheÏhad€taken€a€photograph€of€M.H.€while€she€was€there.€€This€photograph€revealed€theÏcondition€of€the€victimððs€labia.€ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€did€not€testify,€but€called€his€mother€and€sister€to€theÍstand.€€The€defendantððs€mother€testified€that€she€was€ð ða€very€light€sleeperðð€and€thatÏshe€hadnððt€heard€any€noises€during€the€night€in€question€ð ðexcept€the€kids€a€turning,Ïyou€know,€like€theyððd€turn€over€or€something.ðð€€She€also€testified€that€she€took€theÏchildren€to€her€daughterððs€house€on€Sunday€afternoon.€€The€defendantððs€sisterÏtestified€that€her€mother€had€dropped€the€children€off€at€her€house€on€SundayÏafternoon€and€that€M.H.ððs€mother€and€step„father€picked€them€up€there€that€sameÏday.ÌÌà àà àIn€his€first€issue,€the€defendant€asserts€that€the€indictment€against€him€isÏinsufficient€because€it€does€not€include€an€essential€element€of€the€offense€charged.€ÏThe€indictment€states,€in€pertinent€part,€that€the€defendant€ð ðon€or€about€the€22nd€dayÏof€June,€1991,€in€Wayne€County,€Tennessee€and€before€the€finding€of€this€indictment,Ïdid€unlawfully€sexually€penetrate€[M.H.]€a€person€less€than€thirteen€(13)€years€of€age,Ïin€violation€of€òòTennesseeóó€òòCodeóó€òòAnnotatedóó€[ðð]€39„13„502.ðð€€The€defendant€contendsÏthat€this€language€is€fatally€insufficient€because€it€contains€no€allegation€of€theÏrequisite€òòmensóó€òòreaóó€element€of€aggravated€rape.ÌÌà àà àWe€first€note€that€the€defendant€did€not€raise€this€issue€until€his€motionÏfor€new€trial.€€Ordinarily,€a€failure€to€raise€an€objection€based€on€a€defect€in€theÍindictment€results€in€a€waiver€of€that€issue.€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€12(f).€€However,€ð ðtheÏwaiver€rule€does€not€apply€when€the€indictment€fails€to€assert€an€essential€element€ofÏthe€offense.€€In€that€circumstance,€no€offense€has€been€charged.€€In€consequence,Ïsubsequent€proceedings€are€a€nullity.ðð€€òòState€v.€Perkinsonóó,€867€S.W.2d€1,€6€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1992).€€Thus,€the€defendant€has€not€waived€this€issue€and€we€thereforeÏmust€examine€the€efficacy€of€the€indictment.ÌÌà àà àOur€code€sets€forth€the€general€guidelines€for€establishing€the€culpableÏmental€state€required€for€the€commission€of€a€criminal€offense.€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„11„301.€ÏSubsection€(c)€provides,€ð ðIf€the€definition€of€an€offense€within€this€title€does€not€plainlyÏdispense€with€a€mental€element,€intent,€knowledge,€or€recklessness€suffices€toÏestablish€the€culpable€mental€state.ðð€€The€aggravated€rape€statute€in€force€at€the€timeÏthe€defendant€was€indicted€provided,€in€pertinent€part,€as€follows:ÌÓÓÌÒ ô ÒÒ ¦ ÒAggravated€rape€is€unlawful€sexual€penetration€of€a€victim€by€theÏdefendant€.€.€.€[where€t]he€victim€is€less€than€thirteen€(13)€years€of€age.€ÌÌÌÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÓÓT.C.A.€ðð€39„13„502(a)(4)€(1991€Repl.).ÌÌà àà àThis€Court€has€previously€recognized€that€ð ð[t]his€statute€and€theÍapplicable€definitions€neither€specifically€require€nor€ððplainly€dispenseðð€with€theÏrequirement€of€a€culpable€mental€state.€€Thus,€the€terms€of€ðð€39„11„301(c)€apply.ðð€ÏòòState€v.€Parkeróó,€887€S.W.2d€825,€827€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994)€(footnote€omitted).€ÏòòAccordóó€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€889€S.W.2d€225,€229€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€The€terms€ofÏT.C.A.€ðð€39„11„301(c)€also€apply€to€the€lesser€included€offense€of€aggravated€sexualÏbattery.× ƒ3 ××  ×€€òòState€v.€Parkeróó,€887€S.W.2d€at€827.€€Thus,€the€defendant€argues,€theÏindictment€is€fatally€defective€because€it€does€not€allege€that€he€sexually€penetratedÏM.H.€intentionally,€knowingly,€or€recklessly.ÌÌà àà àIn€òòState€v.€Whiteóó,€this€Court€considered€an€indictment€which€providedÏthat€the€defendant€ð ðdid€unlawfully€possess€a€controlled€substance,ðð€to€wit,€marijuana.€ÏThe€defendant€was€subsequently€convicted€of€misdemeanor€marijuana€possession.€ÏHe€appealed,€challenging€the€efficacy€of€the€indictment€on€the€ground€that€it€did€notÏspecify€the€requisite€mental€element€of€ð ðknowing.ðð€€We€agreed€with€the€defendant,Ïfinding€that€ð ð€ððUnlawfullyðð€does€not,€in€the€ordinary€use€of€the€term,€connote€mentalÏculpability.€€One€cannot€logically€infer€that€an€accused€acting€ððunlawfullyðð€necessarilyÏacts€ððknowingly.ðð€ðð€€òòState€v.€Nathaniel€Whiteóó,€No.€03C01„9408„CR„00277,€SullivanÍCounty€(filed€June€7,€1995,€at€Knoxville).€€Accordingly,€we€reversed€the€defendantððsÏconviction€and€dismissed€the€charge.ÌÌà àà àConsistent€with€our€holding€in€òòWhiteóó,€we€find€the€use€of€the€termÏð ðunlawfulðð€in€the€present€indictment€to€be€insufficient€as€an€allegation€that€theÏdefendant€here€acted€knowingly.€€We€find€ourselves€constrained€by€logical€extensionÏto€also€hold€that€the€term€ð ðunlawfulðð€is€equally€inadequate€as€an€allegation€that€theÏdefendant€acted€either€intentionally€or€recklessly.€€Therefore,€as€we€did€in€òòWhiteóó,€weÏfind€that€the€indictment€against€the€defendant€in€this€case€is€fatally€defective€and€thatÏhis€conviction€must€be€reversed€and€the€charge€dismissed.ÌÌà àà àThe€defect€in€this€case€is€magnified€because€the€defendant€wasÏacquitted€of€the€aggravated€rape€charge,€but€was€found€guilty€of€the€lesser€includedÏoffense€of€aggravated€sexual€battery.€€Aggravated€sexual€battery€not€only€requiresÏthe€general€òòmensóó€òòreaóó€element€that€the€defendant€acted€ð ðintentionally,€knowingly€orÏrecklessly,ðð€but€also€the€specific€òòmensóó€òòreaóó€included€in€the€definition€of€ð ðsexualÏcontact:ðð€ð ðthe€òòintentionalóó€touching€of€the€victimððs€.€.€.€intimate€parts€.€.€.€if€that€òòintention…alóó€touching€can€be€reasonably€construed€as€being€for€the€purpose€of€sexual€arousalÏor€gratification.ðð€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„501(6)€(1991€Repl.)€(emphasis€added).ÌÌà àà àThe€fatal€defect€from€which€this€indictment€suffers€is€the€type€of€ð ðtechni…calityðð€which,€when€it€results€in€the€dismissal€of€charges€as€in€this€case,€causesÏsignificant€public€consternation€and€frustration€with€our€system€of€criminal€justice.€ÏWe€are€equally€frustrated€because€this€ð ðtechnicalityðð€is€easily€avoided.€€Accordingly,Ïwe€remind€prosecutors€of€their€responsibility€to€ensure€that€indictments€are€properlyÏdrafted.€€ð ðTennessee€necessarily€requires€that€the€factual€allegations€[in€an€indict…ment]€must€relate€to€all€the€essential€elements€of€[the]€offense€including€that€ofÏscienter.ðð€€òòState€v.€Marshallóó,€870€S.W.2d€532,€537€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€ð ðA€lawfulÏaccusation€is€an€essential€jurisdictional€element€without€which€there€can€be€noÏprosecution.ðð€€òòState€v.€Perkinsonóó,€867€S.W.2d€at€5.€€These€are€not€new€concepts€inÏTennessee€jurisprudence.€€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòState€v.€Cornellisonóó,€59€S.W.2d€514€(Tenn.Ï1933);€òòState€v.€Hughesóó,€371€S.W.2d€445€(Tenn.€1963);€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€612€S.W.2dÏ493,€497€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1980).̛̜œà à›œà à›œAlthough€we€reverse€the€conviction€and€dismiss€the€charge€based€onÏour€resolution€of€this€first€issue,€we€will€also€address€the€remaining€grounds€of€theÏdefendantððs€appeal.Ì›Ìà àà àIn€the€defendantððs€second€issue€he€complains€that€the€trial€court€erredÏin€ruling€admissible€his€1988€conviction€for€violating€the€habitual€traffic€offenderÏstatute.€€He€contends€that€the€probative€value€of€this€conviction€on€his€credibility€wasÏminimal€and€outweighed€by€its€unfair€prejudicial€effect.€€He€also€contends€that€thisÏerror€by€the€trial€court€was€not€harmless.ÌÌà àà àTennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€609€governs€the€admissibility€of€priorÏconvictions€to€impeach€the€credibility€of€criminal€defendants.€€In€making€its€ruling€theÏtrial€court€ð ðmust€determine€that€the€convictionððs€probative€value€on€credibilityÏoutweighs€its€unfair€prejudicial€effect€on€the€substantive€issues.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.Ï609(a)(3).€€€The€trial€court€in€this€case€specifically€found€ð ðfor€the€purposes€of€impeach…ment€that€the€probative€value€[of€the€defendantððs€prior€conviction]€would€outweigh€theÏprejudicial€effect.ðð€€We€agree€with€the€trial€courtððs€ruling.€€The€defendant€was€de…clared€to€be€an€habitual€motor€vehicle€offender€in€1985.€€In€spite€of€this,€he€obviouslyÏpersisted€in€violating€the€motor€vehicle€laws.€€The€defendantððs€willingness€toÏcontinue€violating€these€laws€is€probative€of€his€credibility€because€it€may€indicate€aÏwillingness€to€likewise€disregard€the€laws€of€perjury.€€We€find€no€abuse€of€discretionÏin€the€trial€courtððs€ruling.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà àà àIn€his€third€issue€the€defendant€complains€that€the€State€elicitedÏtestimony€about€his€refusal€to€make€a€statement€after€his€arrest€and€his€request€for€aÏlawyer.€€The€defendant€contends€that€this€testimony€violated€his€right€not€to€incrimi…nate€himself,€and€that€the€error€is€not€harmless.€€ÌÌà àà àThe€State€called€Tommy€Workman,€a€criminal€investigator€for€theÏDistrict€Attorney€General,€during€its€case€in€chief.€€Workman€first€saw€the€defendant€inÏNovember€1991.€€The€State€asked€Workman€if€he€had€questioned€the€defendantÏabout€the€instant€incident,€to€which€Workman€responded,€ð ðYes.ðð€€The€State€thenÏcontinued,€ð ðLet€me€just€ask€you€this.€€This€is€concerning€„„€this€is€the€incident€in€whichÏthere€was€a€written€statement,€right?ðð€€Workman€replied,€ð ðHe€refused€to€give€aÏstatement.ðð€€The€State€said,€ð ðOkay,ðð€and€Workman€continued,€ð ðHe€wanted€a€lawyer.ðð€ÏThe€defendantððs€counsel€immediately€objected€and€the€trial€court€instructed€the€juryÏto€ð ðdisregard€the€last€statement€made€by€this€witness.ðð€€The€defendantððs€lawyer€didÏnot€request€any€further€remedy.€€ÌÌà àà àWe€first€note€that€the€defendant€did€not€object€following€the€StateððsÏinitial€question€about€the€written€statement.€€Nor€did€the€defendant€request€that€theÏwitnessððs€response€to€this€first€question€be€stricken.€€Nor€was€any€issue€with€respectÍto€this€particular€question€and€answer€raised€in€the€defendantððs€motion€for€new€trial.€ÏAccordingly,€the€defendantððs€complaint€about€this€question€and€response€is€waived.€ÏTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3(e),€36(a);€òòState€v.€Caughronóó,€855€S.W.2d€526,€538€(Tenn.€1993);ÏòòState€v.€Dobbinsóó,€754€S.W.2d€637,€641€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€did€object€to€the€witnessððs€statement€that€the€defendantÏhad€indicated€that€he€wanted€a€lawyer,€and€the€trial€court€issued€a€curative€instruc…tion.€€The€jury€is€presumed€to€have€followed€the€trial€courtððs€instruction.€€òòState€v.ÏHarrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€54,€72€(Tenn.€1992).€€Moreover,€this€testimony€by€the€witnessÏdoes€not€ð ðaffirmatively€appear€to€have€affected€the€result€of€the€trial€on€the€merits,ððÏTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(a).€€Accordingly,€any€error€that€occurred€as€a€result€of€thisÏwitnessððs€unsolicited€statement€was€harmless.ÌÌà àà àIn€his€fourth€issue€the€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€committedÏprejudicial€error€when€it€allowed€into€evidence€the€photograph€of€M.H.€whichÏdisplayed€the€condition€of€her€genitals€on€the€night€she€was€taken€to€the€hospital.€ÏWe€disagree.€€Our€Supreme€Court€has€repeatedly€held€that€ð ða€trial€courtððs€decisionÏregarding€the€admissibility€of€photographs€will€not€be€reversed€on€appeal€absent€aÏclear€showing€of€an€abuse€of€discretion.ðð€€òòState€v.€Cazesóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,€262„63Í(Tenn.€1994).€€òòSeeóó€òòalsoóó€òòState€v.€Stephensonóó,€878€S.W.2d€530,€542€(Tenn.€1994).€ÏHere,€no€such€abuse€of€discretion€has€been€shown.€€The€photograph€corroboratedÏthe€victimððs€testimony€as€well€as€that€of€her€mother€and€the€examining€nurse,€andÏwas€not€so€graphic€or€gruesome€that€its€probative€value€was€ð ðsubstantially€out…weighed€by€the€danger€of€unfair€prejudice.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€403.€€This€issue€is€withoutÏmerit.ÌÌà àà àIn€his€fifth€issue€the€defendant€contends€that€he€is€entitled€to€a€new€trialÏbecause€the€State€failed€to€disclose€exculpatory€information€to€him€prior€to€trial€inÏviolation€of€òòBrady€v.€Marylandóó,€373€U.S.€83€(1963).€€Specifically,€the€defendantÏcomplains€that€the€DHS€file€on€this€matter€was€never€turned€over€to€him.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€filed€two€motions€before€trial€in€an€attempt€to€gainÏaccess€to€the€DHS€file€and/or€information€contained€therein.€€The€trial€court€issued€anÏorder€requiring€the€State€to€ð ðprocure€said€records€and€produce€them€to€the€court€forÏits€òòinóó€òòcameraóó€review€in€aid€of€reviewing€same€in€order€to€disclose€exculpatoryÏevidence€and€potential€witness[es]€to€defendantðð€(italicization€added).€€However,€theÏtechnical€record€contains€no€other€motions€or€orders€reflecting€whether€the€State€didÏin€fact€produce€these€documents,€whether€the€trial€court€did€then€conduct€an€òòinóóÍòòcameraóó€review,€or€whether€the€trial€court€subsequently€determined€that€any€of€theÏinformation€was€to€be€disclosed€to€the€defendant.€€ÌÌà àà àAt€the€hearing€on€the€defendantððs€motion€for€new€trial,€the€defendantððsÏlawyer€admitted€that€he€had€ð ðno€idea€to€this€day€whether€this€file€was€ever€given€toÏthe€Courtðð€or€ð ð[w]hether€it€was€the€judge€who€reviewed€it€and€determined€there€wasÏno€exculpatory€evidence.ðð€€It€is€apparent,€therefore,€that€after€making€the€relevantÏmotions,€the€defendantððs€counsel€did€not€follow€up€to€make€sure€that€the€DHS€fileÏwas€turned€over€as€ordered€and€reviewed€by€the€court€for€exculpatory€information.€ÏThe€defendant€went€to€trial€without€the€benefit€of€this€information.€€The€defendantÏcould€have€requested€a€continuance€of€the€trial€had€it€been€determined€that€the€trialÏcourtððs€order€had€not€been€complied€with.€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€16€(d)(2).€€No€suchÏcontinuance€was€requested.€ÌÌà àà àThe€defendantððs€conduct€in€proceeding€to€trial€without€having€deter…mined€the€status€of€the€DHS€file€constitutes€a€waiver€of€any€violation€of€òòBradyóó€andÏRule€16€which€may€have€occurred.€€The€defendant€had€ample€opportunity€to€addressÏthis€matter€before€trial€and€chose€not€to€do€so.€€He€will€not€be€heard€to€complain€now.€ÏThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà àà àIn€his€final€issue€the€defendant€complains€about€the€length€of€hisÏsentence€and€the€fine€imposed€upon€him€by€the€trial€judge.€€When€a€defendantÏcomplains€of€his€or€her€sentence,€we€must€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€with€a€presump…tion€of€correctness.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€The€burden€of€showing€that€the€sentenceÏis€improper€is€upon€the€appealing€party.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„401(d)€Sentencing€Commis…sion€Comments.€€This€presumption,€however,€"is€conditioned€upon€the€affirmativeÏshowing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€allÏrelevant€facts€and€circumstances."€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.Ï1991).ÌÌà àà àA€portion€of€the€Sentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989,€codified€at€T.C.A.€Ìðð€40„35„210,€established€a€number€of€specific€procedures€to€be€followed€in€sentenc…ing.€€This€section€mandates€the€court's€consideration€of€the€following:ÌÓÓÌÒ ô ÒÒ ¦ ÒÒ ô ÒÒ  ÒÓ ` ¸ ŒX¸)Ó(1)€The€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€theÏsentencing€hearing;€(2)€[t]he€presentence€report;€(3)€[t]heÏprinciples€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencingÏalternatives;€(4)€[t]he€nature€and€characteris‚tics€of€theÏcriminal€conduct€involved;€(5)€[e]vidence€and€informationÏoffered€by€the€parties€on€the€enhancement€and€mitigatingÏfactors€in€ðððð€40„35„113€and€40„35„114;€and€(6)€[a]nyÏstatement€the€defendant€wishes€to€make€in€his€own€behalfÍabout€sen‚tencing.ÌÌÌÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ  ÒÒ ¢ ÒÓÓT.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210.ÌÒ € ÒÒ ¢ ÒÒ € ÒÒ À ÒÌÒ  ÒÒ À ÒÒ  ÒÒ ¢ Òà àà àIn€addition,€this€section€provides€that€the€minimum€sentence€within€theÏrange€is€the€presumptive€sentence€for€B,€C,€D€and€E€felonies.€€The€presumptiveÏsentence€for€A€felonies€is€mid„range.€€If€there€are€enhanc‚ing€and€mitigating€factors,Ïthe€court€must€start€at€the€minimum€sentence€in€the€range€and€enhance€the€sentenceÏas€appropriate€for€the€enhancement€factors€and€then€reduce€the€sen‚tence€within€theÏrange€as€appropriate€for€the€mitigating€factors.€€If€there€are€no€mitigating€factors,€theÏcourt€may€set€the€sentence€above€the€minimum€in€that€range€but€still€within€the€range.€ÏThe€weight€to€be€given€each€factor€is€left€to€the€discretion€of€the€trial€judge.€€òòState€v.ÏSheltonóó,€854€S.W.2d€116,€123€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).ÌÌà àà àThe€Act€further€provides€that€"[Ô% € Ôw]henever€the€court€imposes€a€sentence,Ïit€òòshall€place€on€the€recordóó€either€orally€or€in€writing,€what€enhance‚ment€or€mitigatingÏfactors€it€found,€if€any,€as€well€as€findings€of€fact€as€required€by€ðð€40„35„209."€€T.C.A.€Ìðð€40„35„210(f)€(emphasis€added).€€Because€of€the€importance€of€enhancing€andÏmitigating€factors€under€the€sentencing€guide‚lines,€even€the€absence€of€these€factorsÍmust€be€recorded€if€none€are€found.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210€comment.€€These€findings€byÏthe€trial€judge€must€be€recorded€in€order€to€allow€an€adequate€review€on€appeal.ÌÌà àà àAfter€a€sentencing€hearing,€the€lower€court€found,€ð ðconsidering€the€entireÏrecord€in€this€case,€the€pre„sentence€report,€the€prior€criminal€record€of€this€defendant,Ïthe€nature€of€this€crime,€of€course,€this€is€one€of€the€most€despicable€crimes€that€weÏhave€in€this€state,€Iððm€going€to€impose€a€sentence€of€twelve€years€and€a€fine€ofÏ$25,000.ðð€€The€record€does€not€preponderate€against€these€findings€or€against€theÏmaximum€sentence€of€twelve€years.€€Therefore,€we€find€no€merit€to€the€defendantððsÏcomplaint€about€the€length€of€his€sentence.ÌÌà àà àThe€lower€court€did,€however,€err€when€it€imposed€a€fine€on€the€defen…dant.€€The€maximum€fine€for€aggravated€sexual€battery,€a€Class€B€felony,€is€twenty„five€thousand€dollars€($25,000).€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„111(b)(2).€€Accordingly,€the€jury€mustÏhave€fixed€any€fine€unless€waived€by€the€defendant.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„301.€€The€juryÏfixed€no€fine€in€this€case€and€the€record€contains€no€such€waiver€by€the€defendant.€ÏAccordingly,€the€sentencing€court€was€without€authority€to€impose€any€fine€upon€theÏdefendant€at€the€sentencing€hearing.€€Even€if€authorized€by€proper€waiver,€the€trialÏjudge€failed€to€make€findings€based€on€consideration€of€all€necessary€factors.€€òòSeeóóÍòòState€v.€Bryantóó,€805€S.W.2d€762,€765„66€(Tenn.€1991).ÌÌà àà àFor€the€reasons€set€forth€above,€the€defendantððs€conviction€is€reversedÏand€the€charge€against€him€is€dismissed.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà à______________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJOHN€H.€PEAY,€JudgeÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌJOE€B.€JONES,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌDAVID€G.€HAYES,€Judgeà àÌ