ÿWPCò …# VUNa %¯ 0(µU:Ýb w@ 4_ s 0J‚ 0TÌ 0^ 0h~ 0ræ 0|X 0†Ô 0Z 1uê U,_ 0d‹ U,ï U>U*YB)ƒDC¬ AMï0< Blv~‰vÓ D3Ú 0@  AOMÆœ 0Db D/¦ BÕ˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 (ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡,6Ù AZ‹"Arial Regular- ù- ²E³E´EµD¶E·¸¹º»Ó€©U!‹"Ar"|xÆ2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d!!!!7Border 1dd€-"Cþÿ << Gÿÿ &Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÔ€ ÔÔ€ ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€ XÔÌÌò òSeptember€4,€1996ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó dPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA Op Monaco Ò%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€X„d&ÓÑ#€Xd#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÑ ` ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€ŠÔÔ€ ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ€ÑÑ7€XXXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò òÙ€€ÙßL€#$";+'h|` Å `€€LßIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OFÏTENNESSEEÌÌAT€KNOXVILLEÌÌMAY€SESSION,€1996ÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à à)à àC.C.A.€NO.Ï03C01„9507„CC„00199Ìà àà àà àà àà à)ó óÌà àAppellee,à àà àà àò ò)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àCUMBERLAND€COUNTYÌVS.à àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€LEON€BURNS,€JR.ó óÌò òRONNIE€RAY€HOOVER,ó óà àò ò)à àJUDGEó óÌà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óÌà àAppellant.à àà àà àò ò)à àó ó(Vehicular€Homicide€by€IntoxicationÌà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óà àand€Vehicular€Assault)ò òÌó óÌÌò òÓ  ÓON€APPEAL€FROM€THE€JUDGMENT€OF€THEÌCRIMINAL€COURT€OF€CUMBERLAND€COUNTYó óÌÌÌòòÓ  ÓFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à àà àà àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌJOHN€E.€APPMANà àà àà àCHARLES€W.€BURSONÌP.O.€Box€99à àà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌJamestown,€TN€38556Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àDARIAN€B.€TAYLORÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àWILLIAM€E.€GIBSONÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à145€S.€Jefferson€AvenueÌà àà àà àà àà àà àCookeville,€TN€38501ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGEÇò òòòÓ  ÓÔ€ °ÔOPINIONóóó óÔ€ ŠÔÌÌÌÌÓÓÓ  Óà àAppellant€Ronnie€Ray€Hoover€was€convicted€by€a€jury€of€vehicularÏhomicide€by€intoxication€and€of€vehicular€assault.€€For€the€vehicular€homicide,€theÏjury€imposed€a€$10,000€fine€and€for€the€assault,€a€$3,000€fine.€€As€a€PersistentÏRange€III€offender,€Appellant€received€concurrent€sentences€to€the€DepartmentÏof€Correction€of€fifteen€years€for€the€homicide€and€twelve€years€for€the€assault.€ÏOn€appeal,€Appellant€challenges€only€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence.ÌÌà àWe€find€that€the€evidence€supports€the€juryððs€verdict€and€affirmÏAppellant's€convictions.ÌÌà àThese€convictions€are€the€result€of€a€motor€vehicle€collision€which€occurredÏat€approximately€5:20€p.m.€on€Sunday€August€15,€1993,€on€Shotgun€Road„„anÏasphalt€road€in€southwest€Cumberland€County.€€Appellant€was€traveling€westÏin€his€pickup€truck€when€he€made€a€left€turn€to€go€into€his€driveway.€€In€doingÏso,€Appellant's€vehicle€was€struck€by€an€east„bound€motorcycle€carrying€twoÏteen„age€boys.€€Michael€Frazier,€the€seventeen„year„old€driver€of€the€motorcycle,Ïwas€transported€to€a€nearby€hospital€where€he€soon€died€of€an€aortic€ruptureÏcaused€by€the€collision.€€John€Kelley,€one€of€Michael€Frazierððs€best€friends,€wasÍthe€passenger€on€the€motorcycle.€€As€a€result€of€his€injuries,€Mr.€Kelley€wasÏhospitalized€for€three€or€four€days€during€which€time€surgery€was€performed€onÏhis€knee€and€ankle.ÌÌà à€At€trial,€Mr.€Kelley€testified€that€he€and€Mr.€Frazier€had€been€riding€on€theÏmotorcycle€all€day€long.€€Prior€to€the€wreck,€Mr.€Frazier€had€insisted€that€theyÏstop€by€Mr.€Kelleyððs€home€so€that€Mr.€Kelley€could€change€into€long€pants€andÏlong€sleeves€which€afforded€more€protection€in€case€of€a€wreck.€€According€toÏMr.€Kelley,€at€the€time€of€the€collision,€the€motorcycle€was€traveling€at€anÏespecially€slow€speed„„about€30€to€35€miles€per€hour„„due€to€the€potholes€onÏthe€road.€€Mr.€Kelley€remembered€that€Mr.€Frazier€waved€as€they€passed€anÏantique€black€car€immediately€before€the€crash.€€He€was€certain€that€Mr.€FrazierÏwould€not€have€lifted€his€hand€to€wave€had€they€not€been€going€fairly€slowly.€ÏThough€Mr.€Kelley€testified€that€he€did€not€remember€the€motorcycleððs€brakesÏbeing€applied€before€the€collision,€he€did€assert€that€Mr.€Frazier€was€drivingÏsafely,€that€the€motorcycle€headlight€was€on,€and€that€both€passengers€wereÏwearing€helmets.€ÌÌà àSeveral€people€witnessed€Appellant's€truck€and€the€motorcycle€eitherÏimmediately€before,€during,€or€after€the€accident.€€Boyd€Neeley,€who€lived€onÏShotgun€Road€approximately€a€quarter€mile€from€the€scene€of€the€accident,Ítestified€that€he€saw€Appellant€pass€by€in€a€Chevrolet€truck€around€5:00€or€5:20Ïp.m.€on€August€15,€1993.€€Mr.€Neeley€said€that€Appellant€was€following€anÏantique€black€car€and€both€vehicles€were€traveling€fast.€€Mr.€Neeley,€who€knewÏAppellant€well€and€was€even€related€to€him,€stated€that€Appellant€was€drivingÏfaster€than€he€usually€did.€€About€four€or€five€minutes€after€the€cars€passed,€Mr.ÏNeeley€heard€the€crash.ÌÌà àThe€owner€of€and€the€passenger€in€the€1950€black€Plymouth€automobileÏwhich€was€traveling€on€Shotgun€Road€on€August€15,€Arnold€Humble,€testifiedÏthat€around€5:00€or€5:20€in€the€afternoon,€he€and€his€friend€Helen€Price,€whoÏwas€driving,€heard€a€crash€after€passing€two€boys€on€a€motorcycle.€€UponÏimmediately€returning€to€the€scene€of€the€accident,€they€found€the€boys€lying€onÏthe€ground.€€Both€Mr.€Humble€and€Ms.€Price€testified€that€they€witnessedÏAppellant€exit€his€truck€and€walk€toward€his€house€without€stopping€to€check€onÏthe€boys.€€They€both€noticed€that€Appellant€carried€into€the€house€a€rifle€andÏwhat€looked€like€a€Mason€fruit€jar.€€Ms.€Price€observed€that€the€jar€was€half€fullÏof€clear€liquid.ÌÌà àMs.€Price€testified€that€she€was€driving€the€antique€car€at€a€speed€ofÏapproximately€35€miles€per€hour€and€Mr.€Humble€confirmed€that€the€car€wasÏtraveling€between€35€and€40€miles€per€hour.€€Though€Mr.€Humble€testified€thatÍhe€was€unable€to€estimate€the€speed€of€the€motorcycle,€he€opined€that€theÏboys€were€not€driving€recklessly.ò ò€€ó óHe€remembered€that€the€motorcycleððsÏheadlight€was€on€and€that€the€boys€were€wearing€helmets.€€Mr.€Humble€did€notÏnotice€the€boys€wave€at€him€when€they€passed;€however,€Ms.€Price€did€recallÏthat€the€passenger€waved€and€the€driver€tilted€his€hand€up.ò ò€ó óÌÌà à€Catherine€Frazier,€Appellantððs€wife€at€the€time€of€the€accident,€had€spentÏpart€of€the€morning€of€August€15€with€Appellant.€€She€testified€that€AppellantÏtook€her€home€around€9:30€or€10:00€a.m.€before€he€began€drinking€a€six„pack€ofÏbeer€that€he€had€with€him.€€The€next€time€Ms.€Frazier€saw€him€was€about€fiveÏor€ten€minutes€before€the€crash€at€her€home,€and€she€could€tell€that€he€hadÏbeen€drinking.€€When€asked€at€trial€if€Appellant€was€drunk,€Ms.€FrazierÏresponded€that€she€did€not€ð ðknow.€€Thereððs€different€stages€of€being€drunk.€.€.Ï[H]e€hadnððt€drunk€near€as€much€as€Iððve€seen€him€drink.ðð€However,€she€laterÏtestified€that€Appellant€was€under€the€influence€of€alcohol€on€the€afternoon€of€theÏaccident.€€She€testified€that€she€had€lived€with€Appellant€for€about€two€yearsÏand€that€she€knew€when€he€was€under€the€influence€and€when€he€was€not.€ÏHer€opinion€was€based€on€the€fact€that€Appellant,€when€intoxicated,€€wasÏmuch€more€talkative€than€usual.ÌÌà àMs.€Frazier,€along€with€some€members€of€her€family,€was€out€in€her€yardÏwhen€the€accident€occurred.€€She€saw€the€driver€of€the€motorcycle€go€up€in€theÏair€upon€impact.€€Ms.€Frazier€said€that€she€ran€to€the€scene€of€the€accident€andÏsaid€to€Appellant€ð ðsomething€to€the€effect,€ðð[L]ook€what€youððve€done,ðð€orÏsomething.ð ð€€She€testified€that€Appellant€exited€his€vehicle€carrying€nothing€andÏwent€straight€over€to€see€about€the€injured€boys.€€She€testified€that€she€did€findÏa€quart€Mason€jar€and€three€bottles€of€beer€in€the€bedroom€of€her€home.€€SheÏpoured€out€the€beer€and€the€clear€liquid€in€the€completely€full€Mason€jar.€€Ms.ÏFrazier€testified€that€Appellant€did€not€drink€anything€after€the€accident„„€ððTheyÏwouldnððt€let€him€have€a€drink€of€water,€or€Pepsi,€or€a€cigarette,€or€nothing.ððÌÌà àAppellant's€friend€Grady€Vaughn€Lewis€had€been€with€Appellant€forÏthree€or€four€hours€on€the€day€of€the€accident.€€Mr.€Lewis€testified€that€AppellantÏhad€come€to€his€house€around€12:00€noon€appearing€to€be€sober.€€Once€theÏmen€were€together,€they€did€take€a€ð ðdrink€or€twoðð€of€Jim€Beam.€€Mr.€Lewis€laterÏstated€that€he€was€not€sure€if€Appellant€had€anything€to€drink€and€still€later€thatÏAppellant€took€two€or€three€sips.€€He€said€that€they€ð ðdidnððt€drink€very€much€at€all,Ïeither€one€of€us.€€There€wasnððt€but€about€a€half€a€pint€gone€out€of€[the€fifthÏbottle].ððÌÌà àThere€was€an€abundance€of€testimony€from€police€officers€who€came€toÏthe€scene€of€the€accident.€€When€Eddie€Hedgecoth,€a€chief€deputy€sheriff,Ïarrived€at€the€scene,€he€found€the€truck,€the€motorcycle,€and€the€two€victims€lyingÏin€the€road€at€the€entrance€of€Appellant's€driveway.€€Appellant,€who€wasÏstanding€in€his€yard€about€300€feet€away€from€the€accident,€readily€admittedÏthat€he€had€been€driving€the€truck.€€Deputy€Hedgecoth€testified€that€AppellantÏsmelled€of€an€intoxicant€and€that,€after€talking€to€Appellant€for€five€or€ten€minutes,Ïhe€concluded€that€Appellant€was€under€the€influence.ÌÌà àSergeant€Ted€Swafford€of€the€Tennessee€Highway€Patrol€testified€that€heÏtoo€noticed€the€odor€of€alcohol€on€Appellant.€€When€talking€to€Appellant€at€theÏscene,€Sergeant€Swafford€observed€that€Appellant€would€not€talk€to€him€withoutÏleaning€against€something.€€He€assumed€that€alcohol€was€affecting€AppellantÏand€ordered€a€blood€alcohol€test.ÌÌà àTrooper€Scott€Mathews,€also€of€the€Tennessee€Highway€Patrol,€testifiedÏthat€after€discovering€that€Appellant's€driverððs€licence€had€been€suspended,€heÏplaced€Appellant€under€arrest.€€Though€he€noticed€that€Appellant€smelled€likeÏalcohol,€he€recorded€on€his€accident€report€that€Appellant's€ability€to€drive€wasÏnot€impaired.€€After€his€investigation€of€the€scene,€Trooper€Mathews€noted€thatÏcontributing€to€the€collision€were€the€facts€that€Appellant€was€on€the€wrong€sideÍof€the€road€and€that€he€failed€to€yield€to€the€oncoming€motorcycle€before€makingÏa€left€turn.€€It€was€the€trooperððs€opinion€that€Appellant€had€been€in€the€processÏof€making€a€ð ðlong€lazy€turn€into€the€drivewayðð€when€the€collision€occurred.€€TheÏaccident€scene€indicated€to€him€that€the€motorcycle€was€being€driven€within€aÏreasonable€speed€on€the€correct€side€of€the€road.ÌÌà àTrooper€Mathews€testified€that€although€Appellant€denied€drinking,€heÏwas€transported€to€the€hospital€as€soon€as€possible€to€have€his€blood€drawnÏfor€an€alcohol€test.€€The€trooper€was€with€Appellant€when€his€blood€was€drawnÏaround€7:34€p.m.„„€two€hours€and€fourteen€minutes€after€5:20€p.m.,€the€time€ofÏthe€collision.€€Trooper€Mathews€testified€that€Appellant's€level€of€intoxicationÏappeared€to€slightly€increase€during€the€two€and€a€half€hours€that€he€was€withÏAppellant€that€evening.ÌÌà àHighway€Patrol€investigator€Tommy€Calahan€testified€that€the€motorcycleÏwould€have€been€visible€by€Appellant€for€300€feet€from€where€he€was€turningÏinto€his€driveway.€€Trooper€Harold€Walton,€also€of€the€Tennessee€HighwayÏPatrol,€testified€that€it€would€have€taken€the€motorcycle,€traveling€at€the€differentÏspeeds€of€30,€35,€and€40€miles€per€hour€6.82,€5.84,€and€5.11€seconds,Ïrespectively,€to€travel€from€the€point€that€it€would€have€first€come€into€view€byÏAppellant€300€feet€to€the€point€of€impact.€€In€2.8€seconds€Appellant's€truck,Ítraveling€at€10€miles€per€hour,€would€have€moved€40.75€feet€which€is€four€timesÏthe€distance€needed€to€cross€the€nine„foot€width€of€oncoming€lane€of€traffic.€€InÏother€words,€according€to€Trooper€Waltonððs€calculations,€had€Appellant€pulledÏup€and€made€a€proper€turn€at€a€time€that€the€motorcycle€was€within€view,ÏAppellant€had€ample€time€to€make€it€into€his€driveway.€€The€trooper€testified€thatÏwith€a€proper€turn,€there€was€no€reason€for€Appellant€to€have€had€an€accidentÏunless€he€failed€to€look€for€and€see€the€motorcycle.ÌÌà àJerry€Maine,€a€forensic€chemist€with€the€Tennessee€Bureau€ofÏInvestigation€testified€as€to€the€results€of€the€blood€alcohol€tests€of€the€involvedÏparties.€€He€stated€that€the€blood€from€the€victim€Michael€Frazier€was€negativeÏfor€alcohol.€€Appellant's€blood€alcohol€tested€at€.17€percent.€€Mr.€Maine,€whoÏhad€observed€people€at€varying€blood€alcohol€levels€in€controlled€drinkingÏstudies,€opined€that€most€people€would€be€impaired€at€.17€percent.€€He€alsoÏtestified€as€to€some€general€information€regarding€the€rate€that€blood€alcoholÏcontent€decreases€over€a€given€period€of€time.€€He€stated€that€the€statisticalÏaverage€for€this€decrease€is€.018€percent€per€hour.ÌÌà àThe€defense€presented€proof€from€only€one€witness,€Landon€Wyatt,€theÏbrother€of€Catherine€Frazier.€€Mr.€Wyatt€testified€that€he€was€out€in€Appellant'sÏyard€at€the€time€of€the€accident.€€From€a€distance€of€approximately€fifty„fiveÍyards€from€the€roadway,€he€saw€the€black€Plymouth€and€the€motorcycle€passÏeach€other€and€estimated€the€motorcycleððs€speed€to€be€about€fifty„five€miles€perÏhour„„€a€speed€which,€as€Mr.€Wyatt€testified,€was€consistent€with€what€otherÏpeople€on€the€road€traveled.€€In€recent€days,€Mr.€Wyatt€had€seen€Mr.€FrazierÏpass€the€house€on€a€motorcycle€at€about€this€same€speed.€€Mr.€Wyatt€testifiedÏthat€when€Appellant€exited€his€truck,€he€came€over€and€knelt€beside€JohnÏKelley.€€According€to€Mr.€Wyatt,€Appellant€was€not€carrying€a€jacket€or€a€gun€orÏa€jar€of€clear€liquid€when€he€first€got€out€of€the€truck.€€However,€because€Mr.ÏWyatt€went€inside€to€call€an€ambulance€taking€five€or€six€minutes€to€do€so,€heÏnever€saw€Appellant€leave€the€accident€scene.€ÌÌà àOn€appeal,€Appellant€challenges€only€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence.€ÏSpecifically,€Appellant€claims€that€the€evidence€fails€to€establish€that€hisÏoperation€of€the€truck€indicated€that€he€was€impaired.€€Also,€Appellant€assertsÏthat€there€was€insufficient€evidence€to€show€that€he€was€actually€intoxicated€atÏthe€time€of€the€accident€as€the€blood€alcohol€test€which€was€ð ðthe€only€significantÏevidence€of€intoxication€was€too€remote€in€time€from€the€accident.ððÌÌà àThis€court€must€review€the€record€to€determine€if€the€evidence€adduced€atÏtrial€was€sufficient€"to€support€the€finding€of€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt."€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€On€appeal,€the€state€is€entitled€toÍthe€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€inferencesÏwhich€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835Ï(Tenn.€1978).€€Furthermore,€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€to€beÏgiven€their€testimony,€and€the€reconciliation€of€conflicts€in€that€testimony€areÏmatters€entrusted€exclusively€to€the€jury€as€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Sheffieldóó,Ï676€S.W.2d€542,€547€(Tenn.€1984);€€òòByrge€v.€Stateóó,€575€S.W.2d€292,€295Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€The€relevant€question€is€whether,€after€viewing€theÏevidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€couldÏhave€determined€that€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€were€establishedÏbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€314„24€(1979).ÌÌà àVehicular€homicide€is€defined,€in€pertinent€part,€as€"the€reckless€killing€ofÏanother€by€the€operation€of€an€automobile€.€.€.€[a]s€the€proximate€result€of€theÏdriver's€intoxication."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„213(a)(2)€(1991)€(current€versionÏat€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€39„13„213(a)(2)€(Supp.€1995)).€€A€person€commitsÏvehicular€assault€if€he€or€she,€ð ðas€the€proximate€result€of€the€personððsÏintoxication€.€.€.€recklessly€causes€serious€bodily€injury€to€another€person€by€theÏoperation€of€a€motor€vehicle.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€39„13„106€(1991).€€The€codeÏprovides€that€a€reckless€act€occurs€when€a€person€ÌÓÓà8 àacts€recklessly€with€respect€to€circumstances€surrounding€theÏconduct€or€the€result€of€the€conduct€when€the€person€is€aware€ofÏbut€consciously€disregards€a€substantial€and€unjustifiable€risk€thatÍthe€circumstances€exist€or€the€result€will€occur.€€The€risk€must€be€ofÏsuch€a€nature€and€degree€that€its€disregard€constitutes€a€grossÏdeviation€from€the€standard€of€care€that€an€ordinary€person€wouldÏexercise€under€all€the€circumstances€as€viewed€from€the€accusedÏperson's€standpoint.€€ÌÓÓÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„106(a)(31)€(1991)€(current€version€at€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€39„11„106(a)(31)€(Supp.€1995)).€€Furthermore,€ð ð[i]f€recklessness€establishesÏan€element€of€an€offense€and€the€person€is€unaware€of€a€risk€because€ofÏvoluntary€intoxication,€the€personððs€unawareness€is€immaterial€in€a€prosecutionÏfor€that€offense.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„503(b)€(1991).ÌÌà àIn€this€case,€Appellant's€challenge€to€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€isÏlimited€to€the€questions€of€whether€Appellant€recklessly€operated€his€vehicle€andÏwhether€the€subsequent€collision€which€killed€one€victim€and€injured€another€wasÏproximately€caused€by€his€intoxication.€€We€find€sufficient€evidence€proving€thatÏthe€collision€was€the€proximate€result€of€Appellant's€being€intoxicated€whileÏdriving.€€There€was€testimony€from€Appellantððs€friend€that€they€had€spent€theÏmajority€of€the€afternoon€together€during€which€they€drank€at€least€some€liquor.€ÏMs.€Frazier,€who€was€at€that€time€Appellantððs€wife,€testified€that€Appellant€hadÏa€six„pack€of€beer€which€he€was€about€to€drink€as€early€as€9:30€on€theÏmorning€of€the€crash.€€When€Ms.€Frazier€saw€Appellant€five€or€ten€minutes€priorÏto€the€wreck,€it€was€her€opinion€that€Appellant€was€under€the€influence€ofÍalcohol.€€She€testified€that,€some€time€after€the€collision,€she€poured€out€someÏbeer€and€Mason€jar€full€of€clear€liquid€which€two€witnesses€saw€Appellant€carryÏfrom€his€truck€into€his€home€following€the€accident.ÌÌà àThree€officers€who€were€present€at€the€scene€of€the€wreck€testified€that,Ïimmediately€after€the€collision,€Appellant€smelled€of€alcohol.€€Two€of€theseÏofficers€thought€that€Appellant€was€intoxicated€and€one€noted€that€AppellantÏwould€not€talk€to€him€without€leaning€on€something.€€Appellant€places€greatÏreliance€upon€the€testimony€of€a€third€officer€who€testified€that€Appellant€was€notÏimpaired€at€the€time€of€the€collision.€€However,€even€this€officer,€TrooperÏMathews,€determined€Appellant's€blood€alcohol€content€should€be€tested€asÏsoon€as€possible.€€In€light€of€the€other€evidence€that€Appellant€had€beenÏdrinking€and€exhibited€signs€of€being€affected€by€alcohol,€a€reasonable€juryÏcould€have€rejected€Trooper€Mathewsðð€testimony€of€his€initial€evaluation€ofÏAppellant€and€found€that€he€was€intoxicated€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ÌÌà àAnalysis€of€Appellant's€blood€revealed€a€blood€alcohol€content€of€.17Ïpercent€which€is€in€excess€of€.10€percent€which,€at€the€time€of€the€accident,Ïcreated€a€statutory€presumption€that€a€defendant€was€driving€under€theÏinfluence.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€55„10„408(b),€òòamended€byóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€55„10„408€(Supp.€1995)€(providing,€in€cases€arising€after€July€1,€1994,€that€.08Ípercent€blood€alcohol€level€creates€a€presumption€and€that€.10€percent€isÏconclusive€proof€that€a€defendant€is€under€the€influence).€ÌÌà àAs€this€Court€has€noted€in€òòState€v.€McKinneyóó,€605€S.W.2d€842,€846Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1980),€ð ð[i]t€would€be€virtually€impossible€for€a€sample€of€bloodÏto€be€drawn€until€some€time€after€the€accident€occurs.ðð€€In€that€case,€the€CourtÏheld€that€ð ðthe€jury€properly€inferred€intoxication€at€the€time€of€the€offense€from€theÏresults€of€a€test€of€a€blood€sample€taken€about€two€and€a€half€hours€[after€theÏcrime].ðð€€òòId.óó;€€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòState€v.€Jordanóó,€No.€01C01„9311„CC„00419,€1995€WLÏ353524,€at€*3€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€June€13,€1995)€(in€a€case€where€almost€threeÏhours€passed€from€the€time€of€the€accident€to€the€time€when€blood€was€drawnÏfor€tests,€court€stated€that€ð ð[t]his€time€interval€is€generally€pertinent€to€the€weightÏof€the€evidence€and€not€to€its€admissibilityðð),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.Ï1996)€(concurring€in€results€only).€€In€this€case,€an€officer€testified€that€AppellantððsÏblood€was€drawn€as€soon€as€possible.€€Appellant€was€not€given€anything€toÏdrink€or€eat€€following€the€accident.€€Based€on€these€circumstances€and€theÏauthorities€referenced€above,€we€conclude€that€Appellant's€blood„alcoholÏpercentage€was€a€factor€on€which€a€jury€could€base€its€decision€that€AppellantÏwas€intoxicated.€€We€reject€Appellant's€contention€that€the€blood€sample€takenÏfrom€Appellant€was€too€remote€in€time.ÌÌà àLastly,€there€was€sufficient€evidence€from€which€the€jury€could€concludeÏthat€the€defendantððs€drunkeness€was€the€proximate€cause€of€the€recklessÏoperation€of€his€vehicle.€€Coupled€with€the€evidence€demonstrating€intoxication,Ïtestimony€revealed€that€Appellant€was€on€the€wrong€side€of€the€road€and€thatÏhe€failed€to€yield€to€the€oncoming€motorcycle€before€making€a€left€turn.€€An€officerÏopined€that€Appellant€was€in€the€process€of€making€a€ð ðlong€lazy€turn€into€theÏdrivewayðð€when€he€hit€the€oncoming€motorcycle.€€In€addition,€other€officersÏtestified€that€the€motorcycle€would€have€been€visible€by€Appellant€for€300€feetÏand€that€Appellant,€had€he€made€a€proper€turn€into€the€driveway,€would€haveÏhad€ample€opportunity€to€cross€the€oncoming€lane€of€traffic.€€The€jury€wasÏcertainly€justified€in€concluding€that€Appellant's€conduct€created€a€substantial€riskÏthat€constituted€a€gross€deviation€from€an€ordinary€person's€standard€of€care,Ïand€that€his€conduct€was€the€result€of€his€intoxication.ÌÌà àFor€the€foregoing€reasons,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€CumberlandÏCounty€Criminal€Court.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àJERRY€L.€SMITH,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌJOHN€H.€PEAY,€JUDGEÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌJOHN€K.€BYERS,€SPECIAL€JUDGEœÔ€ÔÔ€Ô