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AOt'ÆÃ' 0D‰( D/Í( Bü(˜HP LaserJet 4Si/4SiMX PS 600dpiPSCRIPTÀÌÀääÀÀÌ0 (ÖÃ9 Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX(žjÆ$¡¡Ñ` ` ÑÑÜÜÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÓÓ»{s 3|x| (º(3eB$¤¤Ý ƒjÆ!ÝÑ` °ÑÑܰÑÒ4°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓÓÝ  Ýà Œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôm Dn o Ó€{ | 26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Monaco%%%%'ÿÿdxd< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Courier New("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò% Line 7 d....7Border 1dd€-/Cþÿ << Gÿÿ< Œ 9p`(Arial ½Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÔ€+ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÔ€1ÔÔ€1ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€1XÔÌÌò òMarchÏ27,Ï1996ÌÌCecilÏCrowson,ÏJr.ÌÔ€1ôÔAppellateÏCourtÏClerkó ó !Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÔ€+ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÔ€,ôÔÓÓIt€is€the€policy€of€this€court€to€withhold€the€identity€of€childrenÏinvolved€in€sexual€abuse.€€òòState€v.€Schimpfóó,€782€S.W.2d€186,€188€n.€1Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1989).Ì ¬Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÔ€+ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÔ€,ôÔPrior€to€trial,€Arnold€plead€guilty€to€aggravated€sexual€battery.Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÔ€+ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€+ôÔÔ€,ÔÓÓ"'Intimate€parts'€includes€the€primary€genital€area,€groin,€innerÏthigh,€buttock€or€breast€of€a€human€being[.]"€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„501(2).Ì %Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÔ€+ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÔ€,ôÔÓÓOur€supreme€court€recently€clarified€the€distinction€between€aÏ"lesser€grade€or€class"€and€a€"lesser€included€offense."€€òòState€v.€Trustyóó,Ï914€S.W.2d€481€(Tenn.€1996).Ì –Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÔ€+ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÔ€,ôÔÓÓWe€acknowledge€that€the€Tennessee€Pattern€Jury€Instructions€provideÏthat€a€person€can€commit€the€offenses€of€aggravated€sexual€battery€orÏsexual€battery€by€"act[ing]€either€intentionally,€knowingly€or€recklessly."€ÏT.P.I.€„Crim.€10.03€(3d€ed.€1992);€T.P.I.„Crim.€10.04€(3d€ed.€1992).€€ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'@Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA: T Monaco ÒÒ  BA: T Monaco Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ ÔÓ&€))X„d&ÓÑ#€))Xd#ÑÔ€+ÔÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓÓÝ  ÝÔ€,ÔÑ7€æXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  Ñà@ àòòIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINALÏAPPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEóóÌà@ àòòAT€JACKSONóóÌà@ àDECEMBER€1995€SESSIONÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à*à àC.C.A.€#Ï02C01„9503„CR„00075€Ìà àAppellee,à àà àà à*à àSHELBY€COUNTYÌVS.à àà àà àà àà à*à àHon.€John€P.ÏColton,€Jr.,€JudgeÌÙ€€ÙßL€02/;+'h|ÝF` ´- `€€LßMICHAEL€J.€HOWARD,à àà à*à à(AggravatedÏSexual€Battery)Ìà àAppellant.à àà à*ÌÌÌÌòòFor€Appellantóóà àà àà àòòà àFor€AppelleeóóÌÓÓMarvin€E.€Ballinà àà àà àCharles€W.ÏBursonÌBallin€&€Ballin,€P.C.à àà àAttorneyÏGeneral€&€ReporterÌ200€Jefferson€Avenue€à àà à450€JamesÏRobertson€ParkwayÌSuite€1250à àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€Ï37243„0493ÌMemphis,€€TN€€38103à àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àMichael€J.ÏFahey,€IIÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistantÍAttorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àJohn€W.€PierottiÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àandÌà àà àà àà àà àà àJennifer€S.€NicholsÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àCriminal€Justice€CenterÌà àà àà àà àà àà àThird€FloorÌà àà àà àà àà àà à201€Poplar€AvenueÌà àà àà àà àà àà àMemphis,€TN€€38103ÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌÌÌÌREVERSED€&€REMANDEDÌÌÌÌÌGARY€R.€WADE,€JUDGEÇÓÓà@ àòòOPINIONóóÌà àà àThe€defendant,€Michael€J.€Howard,€appeals€hisÏconviction€for€aggravated€sexual€battery.€€The€trial€courtÏinitially€imposed€a€Range€I€sentence€of€eight€years,€to€beÏsuspended€to€require€the€defendant€to€serve€a€two„year€sentenceÏwith€the€Community€Corrections€Program.€€Later,€the€trial€courtÏrescinded€the€suspended€sentence,€reinstated€the€eight„yearÏsentence,€and€fined€the€defendant€$5,000.€ÌÌà àà àIn€this€appeal€of€right,€the€defendant€challenges€theÏsufficiency€of€the€evidence€and€presents€the€followingÏadditional€issues€for€review:ÌÓÓà àà8 à(1)€€whether€the€trial€court€erred€inÏruling€that€the€seven„year„old€witness€wasÏcompetent€to€testify;ÌÌà àà8 à(2)€€whether€the€seven„year„old€witnessÏlacked€personal€knowledge€of€the€facts€asÏrequired€under€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€602€forÏtestimony;€and€€Ìà àÌà àà8 à(3)€€whether€the€trial€court€erred€byÏfailing€to€instruct€assault€as€a€lesserÏincluded€offense.ÓÓÌÌà àà àWe€reverse€the€conviction€and€remand€for€a€new€trial.ÌÌà àà àThe€six„year„old€victim,€HM× ƒ3 ××  ×,€lived€in€Arkansas€withÏher€mother€and€visited€her€father,€Craig€McKee,€in€Memphis€on€anÏevery„other„weekend€basis.€€Her€father€lived€in€an€apartmentÏcomplex€near€that€of€the€defendant's.€€ÌÌà àà àAt€about€10:00€a.m.€on€July€19,€1993,€the€defendantÏreturned€from€his€work€at€McDonald's€Restaurant.€€His€friend,ÏWilliam€Clifford€Arnold,€joined€him€about€an€hour€and€thirtyÏminutes€later.€€They€drank€throughout€the€day.€€While€at€theÏapartment€pool,€the€defendant€saw€the€victim€and€her€stepsister,ÏBM,€playing€in€a€new€tent€which€had€been€purchased€by€theÏvictim's€parents€in€preparation€for€a€camping€trip.€€Later,€theÏparents€agreed€to€allow€the€victim€and€BM€to€sleep€in€the€tentÏovernight.ÌÌà àà àAt€about€10:00€p.m.,€the€victim€and€BM€put€on€theirÏrollerblades€and€went€up€a€hill€near€the€defendant's€apartment.€ÏThe€defendant€and€Arnold€spoke€to€the€children.€€BM€recognizedÏthe€defendant€because€he€had€once€borrowed€tools€from€herÍfather.€€When€the€victim€and€BM€got€back€to€their€tent,€theÏvictim's€parents€told€them€to€either€go€to€sleep€or€return€toÏthe€apartment.€€The€victim€and€BM€then€zipped€their€tent€shutÏand€went€to€sleep.€ÌÌà àà àThe€victim€woke€up€due€to€the€heat€and€rolled€over€toÏsee€the€defendant€facing€her.€€She€testified€that€he€was€wearingÏa€bandanna€with€a€skeleton€and€bones.€€According€to€the€victim,Ïthe€defendant€began€"rubbing€[her]€on€...€the€back€of€[her]€legsÏand€[her]€bottom."€€When€the€defendant€tried€"to€get€betweenÏ[her]€legs,"€the€victim€resisted.€€The€defendant€also€tried€toÏpull€down€the€victim's€bathing€suit€strap€but€the€victim€pulledÏit€back€up.€€The€victim€began€to€cry,€and€the€defendant€told€herÏto€stop.€€He€then€tried€to€make€the€victim€suck€his€thumb;€theÏvictim€testified€that€"[h]e€got€his€thumb€in€my€mouth€but€I€keptÏmy€teeth€closed."ÌÌà àà àArnold,€who€had€followed€the€defendant,€told€theÏdefendant€that€he€should€go€back€to€the€apartment.€€TheÏdefendant€told€him€to€leave€him€alone€and€that€he€was€drunk.€ÏArnold€left€the€tent€and€returned€to€the€apartment€to€smoke€aÏcigarette.€€Later,€he€came€back€to€the€tent€to€try€to€get€theÍdefendant€to€leave.€€The€victim€testified€that€she€rememberedÏ"almost€five€people"€who€came€to€try€to€get€the€defendant€toÏleave.€€It€appeared€to€Arnold€that€the€defendant€had€fallenÏasleep.€€He€testified€that€the€defendant€still€had€one€of€hisÏhands€on€"[the€victim's]€buttocks€area€of€her€body."€€ArnoldÏremoved€the€defendant's€hand€and€shook€the€defendant's€leg€in€anÏattempt€to€wake€the€defendant.€€When€the€defendant€respondedÏthat€"he€was€drunk€and€was€going€to€sleep€there,"€Arnold€wentÏback€to€the€apartment€and€fell€asleep€on€the€couch.ÌÌà àà àAfter€Arnold€left,€BM€went€inside€her€apartment€andÏtold€her€mother€that€a€man€was€inside€the€tent.€€When€she€sawÏthe€defendant€inside,€Ms.€McKee€hit€him€at€least€three€times€asÏhe€attempted€to€get€out€of€the€tent,€knocking€the€bandanna€offÏhis€head.€€The€defendant€claimed€that€he€returned€to€hisÏapartment€and€passed€out€again.€€ÌÌà àà àAt€trial,€Arnold€testified€that€when€he€asked€theÏdefendant€what€had€happened,€the€defendant€answered,€"You€knowÏwhat's€going€on.€€I€got€caught€...€[and]€if€[you€don't]€want€toÏgo€to€jail,€...€[you€need]€to€leave."€€Arnold€stated€that€heÏthen€left€the€apartment.€€€ÌÌà àà àWhen€Officer€James€Taylor€Lynn,€Jr.,€and€his€partner,ÏOfficer€Mark€Richardson,€of€the€Memphis€Police€DepartmentÏarrived,€they€discovered€Arnold€arguing€with€the€victim'sÏfather.€€They€entered€the€defendant's€apartment€with€theÏassistance€of€Mr.€McKee,€the€maintenance€person.€€The€defendantÏwas€under€the€covers€of€his€bed€dressed€only€in€his€underwear.€ÏAccording€to€Officer€Lynn,€the€defendant€"acted€nervous,€...€wasÏsweating,€and€...€was€red."€€€€€Ì€€Ìà àà àThe€victim's€stepmother,€Vicki€Rae€McKee,€testifiedÏthat€the€victim€told€her€immediately€after€the€police€arrivedÏ"[t]hat€[the€defendant€touched]€her€bottom€and€her€legs€and€thatÏhe€had€tried€to€get€her€bathing€suit€off."€€The€victim€also€toldÏMs.€McKee€that€the€defendant€"tried€to€make€her€suck€his€thumbÏbut€she€had€kept€her€teeth€together€so€he€couldn't€get€his€thumbÏin€her€mouth€...€[a]nd€that€he€was€kissing€her€all€over."€€€€ÌÌà àà àThe€victim's€eight„year„old€stepsister,€BM,€testifiedÏthat€she€woke€up€when€she€heard€the€victim€crying.€€SheÏtestified€that€the€defendant€entered€the€tent€as€they€slept€andÏwas€lying€between€her€and€the€victim€when€she€awoke.€€SheÍrecognized€the€defendant€as€the€man€she€had€seen€earlier€thatÏnight.€€BM€stated€that€Arnold,€who€came€later,€"[felt€her]€allÏover€...€and€...€on€her€privates."× ƒ4 ××  ×€€ÌÌà àà àArnold,€who€had€been€a€friend€of€the€defendant's€forÏseveral€years,€testified€for€the€state.€€Having€plead€guilty€toÏaggravated€sexual€battery€of€BM€and€having€received€an€eight„year€sentence,€he€stated€the€defendant€told€him€that€"[h]eÏwanted€to€have€sex"€and€"was€horny€and€that€he€was€going€to€findÏthe€two€ladies€that€had€just€[rollerbladed€off]."€€Arnold€alsoÏtestified€that€he€saw€the€defendant€"[f]ondling€[the€victim]€onÏher€buttocks€and€her€upper€thighs"€and€that€the€defendant€hadÏhis€hands€"[o]n€her€legs€and€...€her€buttocks,€[and€her]€lowerÏback...."€€Arnold,€who€had€been€with€the€defendant€before,Ïclaimed€that€the€defendant€acted€like€he€knew€what€he€was€doing.€ÏArnold€gave€a€pretrial€statement€implicating€the€defendant€butÏnot€himself.€€He€claimed€that€after€his€arrest,€the€defendantÏhad€said€"[w]ell,€hell,€I€might€as€well€went€...€all€the€way."€ÏArnold€also€testified€that€he€and€the€defendant€had€"concocted€aÏstory"€to€tell€the€detectives;€they€agreed€to€say€that€theÍdefendant€was€wearing€a€Miller€Genuine€Draft€hat€and€not€aÏbandanna.ÌÌà àà àOfficer€Clarence€E.€DeVaughn€of€the€Memphis€PoliceÏDepartment€also€responded€to€the€911€call.€€During€hisÏinvestigation,€he€discovered€"a€multi„colored€head€scarf€...Ï[l]aying€on€the€bedding€inside€the€tent€...€more€towards€theÏback€of€the€tent€than€towards€the€front."€ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€testified€at€trial€that€he€and€ArnoldÏhad€drunk€"about€24€cans€or€more€[of€beer]"€apiece€that€day.€€HeÏdescribed€himself€as€"pretty€drunk."€€The€defendant€did€not€denyÏthat€he€was€in€the€tent€that€night,€but€he€claimed€that€he€hadÏmade€the€statement€to€"spend€the€night€in€the€tent"€in€jest.€ÏThe€defendant€testified€that€he€never€knew€anyone€else€was€inÏthe€tent€and€that€he€"[p]assed€out"€once€he€was€inside.€€TheÏdefendant€claimed€that€he€was€first€aware€that€he€was€beingÏcharged€with€a€sexual€offense€on€the€following€day€and€deniedÏeither€touching€the€victim's€buttocks,€trying€to€pull€herÏbathing€suit€strap€down,€sticking€his€thumb€in€her€mouth,Ïkissing€her,€or€trying€to€place€his€hand€between€her€legs.€€TheÏdefendant€denied€that€he€was€wearing€a€bandanna€and€claimed€thatÍhe€was€wearing€a€Miller€Genuine€Draft€hat€on€the€night€of€theÏoffense.ÌÌà àà àWanda€Bates,€of€the€Tennessee€Department€of€HumanÏServices,€was€called€as€a€witness€for€the€defense.€€She€tookÏstatements€from€the€victim€on€July€20€and€26,€1993.€€In€theÏsecond€statement,€the€victim€told€Ms.€Bates€that€the€defendantÏrubbed€her€back€and€the€lower€part€of€her€leg.€€€€€Ì€Ìà àà àThe€defendant€first€claims€that€the€evidence€wasÏinsufficient€because€(1)€the€victim's€testimony€wasÏinconsistent;€(2)€there€was€insufficient€evidence€to€establishÏthat€he€intentionally€touched€the€victim;€or€(3)€the€touchingÏwas€not€for€"sexual€arousal€or€gratification."€€ÌÌà àà àOn€appeal,€of€course,€the€state€is€entitled€to€theÏstrongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonableÏinferences€which€might€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,Ï571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€The€credibility€of€theÏwitnesses,€the€weight€to€be€given€their€testimony,€and€theÏreconciliation€of€conflicts€in€the€proof€are€matters€entrustedÏto€the€jury€as€triers€of€fact.€€òòByrge€v.€Stateóó,€575€S.W.2d€292,Í295€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€When€the€sufficiency€of€theÏevidence€is€challenged,€the€relevant€question€is€whether,€afterÏreviewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,Ïany€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essentialÏelements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòState€v.ÏWilliamsóó,€657€S.W.2d€405,€410€(Tenn.€1983),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€465ÏU.S.€1073€(1984);€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àÌÌÓÓà àà àAggravated€sexual€battery€is€defined€as€"unlawfulÏsexual€contact€with€a€victim€by€the€defendant€or€the€defendantÏby€a€victim€[where€the€victim€is€less€than€thirteen€(13)€yearsÏof€age]."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„504;€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€39„13„502(a)(4).€€"Sexual€contact"€is€defined€as€"theÏintentional€touching€of€the€victim's€...€intimate€parts,× ƒ5 ××  ×€or€theÏintentional€touching€of€the€clothing€covering€the€immediate€areaÏof€the€victim's€...€intimate€parts,€if€that€intentional€touchingÏcan€be€reasonably€construed€as€being€for€the€purpose€of€sexualÏarousal€or€gratification."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„501(6).€€AÏperson€"acts€intentionally€with€respect€to€the€nature€of€theÍconduct€or€to€a€result€of€the€conduct€when€it€is€the€person'sÏconscious€objective€or€desire€to€engage€in€the€conduct€or€causeÏthe€result."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„302(a).€€ÌÌà àà àThe€evidence€adduced€at€trial€established€that€theÏdefendant€rubbed€the€victim's€buttocks,€legs€and€back.€€ThereÏwas€proof€that€the€defendant€tried€to€place€his€hands€betweenÏthe€victim's€legs€and€to€force€the€victim€to€suck€his€thumb.€ÏThe€victim's€testimony€concerning€the€unlawful€sexual€contactÏwas€corroborated€by€Arnold.€€While€the€defendant€claims€that€hisÏintoxication€prevented€him€from€having€the€required€mens€rea,Ïthere€was€evidence€that€the€defendant€was€guilty€of€anÏ"intentional€touching"€as€shown€by€the€defendant's€statementÏthat€he€was€"horny"€and€that€he€wanted€to€find€the€victim€andÏBM.€€The€trial€court€instructed€the€jury€on€the€defense€ofÏvoluntary€intoxication€and€the€jury€rejected€the€defense.€€ThatÏwas€their€prerogative.€€The€six„year„old€victim€clearly€met€theÏ"less€than€thirteen€[13]€years€of€age"€element.€€Thus,€we€findÏno€merit€to€the€claim.€€€ÌÌà@ àIÌà àà àThe€defendant€claims€that€the€trial€court€erred€byÍfinding€that€the€victim,€age€seven€at€the€time€of€the€trial,€wasÏcompetent€to€testify.€€More€specifically,€the€defendant€arguesÏthat€the€trial€court€failed€to€follow€the€requirements€necessaryÏto€determine€if€a€child€is€competent.€€ÌÌà àà àCompetency€of€a€witness€is€controlled€by€Tenn.€R.ÏEvid.€601€and€603.€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€601€provides:ÌÓÓà àà8 àEvery€person€is€presumed€competent€to€be€aÏwitness€except€as€otherwise€provided€inÏthese€rules€or€by€statute.ÌÌTenn.€R.€Evid.€603€provides:ÌÌà àà8 àBefore€testifying,€every€witness€shall€beÏrequired€to€declare€that€the€witness€willÏtestify€truthfully€by€oath€or€affirmation,Ïadministered€in€a€form€calculated€to€awakenÏthe€witness's€conscience€and€impress€theÏwitness's€mind€with€the€duty€to€do€so.ÓÓÌThe€common€law€rule€is€that€if€the€child€"understands€the€natureÏand€meaning€of€an€oath,€is€of€sufficient€intelligence€toÏcomprehend€the€things€about€which€[s]he€is€called€to€testify,Ïand€is€capable€of€knowing€and€relating€the€facts€accurately,"Ïthe€child€is€deemed€competent€to€testify.€€òòState€v.€Ballardóó,€855ÏS.W.2d€557,€560€(Tenn.€1993);€òòState€v.€Fearsóó,€659€S.W.2d€370,Ï375€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1983).ÌÌà àà àThrough€questioning,€the€witness€testified€that€sheÏknew€the€difference€between€telling€the€truth€and€telling€aÏ"story."€€She€acknowledged€that€"it's€good€to€tell€the€truth€andÏit's€bad€to€tell€a€lie."€€€The€victim€testified€that€she€hadÏlearned€from€her€mother,€a€school€teacher,€and€her€church€thatÏshe€would€get€in€trouble€if€she€did€not€tell€the€truth.€€SheÏstated€that€she€knew€that€she€could€not€"cross€her€fingers"€andÏtell€a€lie€during€her€testimony.€€€€€€€€€ÌÌà àà àThe€determination€of€the€competency€of€a€minor€witnessÏis€properly€a€matter€within€the€discretion€of€the€trial€court,Ïwho€has€the€opportunity€to€observe€the€witness€"up€close€andÏpersonal."€€That€decision€will€not€be€overturned€absent€aÏshowing€of€abuse€of€that€authority.€€òòState€v.€Caughronóó,€855ÏS.W.2d€526,€538€(Tenn.),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€òò€€€€óó€U.S.€òò€€€€óó,€114€S.ÏCt.€475€(1993);€òòState€v.€Braggsóó,€604€S.W.2d€883,€885„86€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1980).€ÌÌà àà àIn€our€view,€the€record€clearly€demonstrates€that€theÏvictim€understood€the€nature€of€her€oath.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Mack€A.ÏAtkinsóó,€No.€03C01„9208„CR„00285€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Knoxville,ÏJune€17,€1993),€òòpermóó.€òòtoóó€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1993)€(six„year„oldÍwitness€was€competent€to€testify).€€While€the€trial€court€didÏnot€question€the€witness€directly,€the€questions€by€counselÏestablished€the€competency€of€a€child€witness.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.ÏBallardóó,€855€S.W.2d€at€560€(stating€that€the€"purpose€ofÏdetermining€competency€of€the€witness€in€child€sexual€abuseÏcases€is€to€allow€a€victim€to€testify€if€it€can€be€determinedÏthat€the€child€understands€the€necessity€of€telling€the€truthÏwhile€on€the€stand.").€€In€òòBallardóó,€our€supreme€court€upheld€theÏtrial€court's€determination€of€competency,€finding€thatÏ"[a]lthough€the€trial€judge€did€not€follow€verbatim€theÏrequirements€in€òòState€v.€Fearsóó,€[citation€omitted]€he€didÏdetermine€that€the€child€appreciated€the€difference€betweenÏtruth€and€falsehood€and€that€the€child€promised€to€tell€theÏtruth€during€questioning."€€855€S.W.2d€at€560.€€That€is€the€caseÏhere;€thus,€we€do€not€find€that€the€trial€court€abused€itsÏdiscretion€by€allowing€the€child€to€testify.ÌÌà@ àIIÌà àà àNext,€the€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€shouldÏhave€excluded€the€victim's€testimony€based€upon€the€"lack€ofÏpersonal€knowledge€rule."€€Specifically,€he€claims€that€theÏvictim's€testimony€was€improperly€influenced€by€the€victim'sÍmother€through€direct€and€indirect€conversations.€€The€defendantÏbases€his€argument€on€the€victim's€statement€on€cross„examination€that€she€knew€about€certain€aspects€of€the€caseÏthrough€discussions€with€BM€or€from€overhearing€her€mother'sÏconversations€with€friends.€€€ÌÌà àà àThe€"lack€of€personal€knowledge€rule"€is€generallyÏdefined€as€follows:ÌÓÓà àà8 àA€witness€may€not€testify€to€a€matterÏunless€evidence€is€introduced€sufficient€toÏsupport€a€finding€that€the€witness€hasÏpersonal€knowledge€of€the€matter.€€EvidenceÏto€prove€personal€knowledge€may,€but€needÏnot,€consist€of€the€witness's€ownÏtestimony....€ÌÌTenn.€R.€Evid.€602.€€ÓÓAlso€known€as€the€"first„hand€knowledgeÏrule,"€this€provides€that€a€witness€is€not€competent€to€testifyÏunless€he€or€she€perceived€the€facts€through€one€or€more€of€theÏfive€senses.€€òòState€v.€Bolingóó,€840€S.W.2d€944,€949€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1992).€€A€trial€court€may€exercise€discretion€in€decidingÏwhether€to€admit€or€exclude€testimony,€and€its€decision€will€notÏbe€reversed€on€appeal€unless€a€showing€is€made€that€the€trialÏcourt€arbitrarily€exercised€its€discretion.€€òòState€v.€Hawkóó,€688ÏS.W.2d€467,€472€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1985).€ÌÌà àà àHere,€the€victim€clearly€testified€from€first„handÏobservations.€€Although€her€recollection€conflicted€with€that€ofÏother€witnesses,€the€jury€has€the€duty€to€weigh€the€testimonyÏand€reconcile€any€inconsistencies.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571ÏS.W.2d€at€876.ÌÌà àà àThose€answers€given€by€the€victim€that€were€not€basedÏon€personal€observation€had€to€do€with€what€occurred€after€theÏtouching.€€The€answers€may€have€qualified€as€objectionableÏhearsay,€but€were€not€essential€to€the€state's€case.€€Here,Ïdefense€counsel€was€permitted€to€develop€the€inconsistencies€inÏthe€victim's€testimony€and€challenge€her€credibility.€€TheÏjury's€decision€to€accredit€the€victim's€testimony€was€withinÏtheir€prerogative.€€We€do€not€believe€that€the€trial€courtÏabused€its€discretion€in€allowing€the€victim's€testimony.€€€ÌÌà@ àIIIÌà àà àNext,€the€defendant€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erredÏby€refusing€to€instruct€the€jury€on€assault,€a€lesser€includedÏoffense€of€aggravated€sexual€battery.€€The€state€argues€thatÏthere€was€no€evidence€to€support€an€instruction€on€a€lesserÏincluded€offense,€and€therefore,€there€was€no€error€in€theÍomission.ÌÌà àà àThe€trial€court€has€a€duty€to€give€a€complete€chargeÏof€the€law€applicable€to€the€facts€of€the€case.€€òòState€v.ÏHarbisonóó,€704€S.W.2d€314,€319€(Tenn.),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€476€U.S.Ï1153€(1986).€€It€is€settled€law€that€"where€there€are€any€factsÏthat€are€susceptible€[to€an€inference]€of€guilt€on€any€lesserÏincluded€offense€or€offenses,€then€there€is€a€mandatory€dutyÏupon€the€trial€judge€to€charge€on€such€offense€or€offenses.€ÏFailure€to€do€so€denies€a€defendant€his€constitutional€right€ofÏtrial€by€a€jury."€€òòState€v.€Wrightóó,€618€S.W.2d€310,€315€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1981)€(citations€omitted).€€When€there€is€a€trial€onÏa€single€charge€of€a€felony,€there€is€also€a€trial€on€all€lesserÏincluded€offenses,€"as€the€facts€may€be."€€òòStrader€v.€Stateóó,€210ÏTenn.€669,€675,€362€S.W.2d€224,€227€(1962);€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Tuttonóó,Ï875€S.W.2d€295,€297€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993);€òòState€v.€Banesóó,€874ÏS.W.2d€73,€80€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€If€the€jury€decides€thatÏthe€defendant€is€not€guilty€of€the€principal€offense,€they€mayÏconvict€the€defendant€of€any€lesser€included€offense€that€theÏevidence€supports.€€Trial€courts€may€omit€an€instruction€on€aÏlesser€included€offense€only€when€the€record€is€devoid€ofÏevidence€to€support€an€inference€of€guilt€of€the€lesser€offense.€ÍòòState€v.€Stephensonóó,€878€S.W.2d€530,€550€(Tenn.€1994);€òòState€v.ÏBoydóó,€797€S.W.2d€589,€593€(Tenn.€1990),€òòcertóó.€òòdeniedóó,€498€U.S.Ï1074€(1991);€òòState€v.€Dulsworthóó,€781€S.W.2d€277,€287€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1989).€€There€is€an€affirmative€duty€on€the€part€ofÏthe€trial€judge€to€charge€the€jury€on€lesser€included€offensesÏcharged€in€the€indictment€whether€requested€to€do€so€or€not.€ÏòòSeeóó€òòHoward€v.€Stateóó,€578€S.W.2d€83,€85€(Tenn.€1979).ÌÌà àà àHere,€the€defendant€was€charged€with€aggravated€sexualÏbattery,€defined€as€"unlawful€sexual€contact€with€a€victim€byÏthe€defendant€or€the€defendant€by€a€victim€[where€the€victim€isÏless€than€thirteen€(13)€years€of€age]."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„504.€€Assault,€defined€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„101(a)(3)Ïas€"[i]ntentionally€or€knowingly€caus[ing]€physical€contact€withÏanother€and€a€reasonable€person€would€regard€the€contact€asÏextremely€offensive€or€provocative,"€is€clearly€a€lesserÏincluded€offense.€€òòState€v.€Grady€E.€Shoffneróó,€No.€03C01„9403„CR„00113,€slip€op.€at€10€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Knoxville,€JuneÏ27,€1995)€(citing€òòStrader€v.€Stateóó,€362€S.W.2d€224€(Tenn.Ï1962)).€€Defense€counsel€requested€that€the€trial€court€instructÏthe€jury€on€assault.€€The€trial€court,€however,€charged€the€juryÏonly€on€aggravated€sexual€battery€and€sexual€battery.€€At€theÍtime€of€the€offense,€sexual€battery,€both€a€lesser€grade€orÏclass€offense€and€a€lesser€included€offense× ƒ6 ××  ×,€was€defined€asÏunlawful€sexual€contact€with€another€accompanied€by€one€of€threeÏelements:€€(1)€force€or€coercion€by€the€defendant,€(2)€theÏdefendant€knew€or€had€reason€to€know€that€the€victim€is€mentallyÏdefective€or€incapacitated€or€physically€helpless,€or€(3)€sexualÏcontact€by€fraud.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„505€(1991).ÌÌà àà àWhile€the€defendant€does€not€dispute€the€fact€that€heÏwas€in€the€tent,€he€contends€that€there€was€insufficient€proofÏthat€his€actions€were€intentional€due€to€his€intoxicated€state.€ÏThe€defendant€testified€on€direct€examination€as€follows:ÌÓÓà àà8 àQ:à àYou're€not€saying€that€your€handsÏà àà àà0 àà0 àà àà àà0 àà8 àà0 àà àcouldn'tÏhaveÏtouchedÏthisÍchild,ÏareÏà àyou?ÌÌà àà8 àA:à àNo,€sir.ÌÌà àà àQ:à àYou're€not€saying€that's€an€impossible€fact€à àà8 àà0 àthat€you€may€have€touched€this€child?ÌÌà àà àA:à àNo,€sir.ÌÌà àà àQ:à àDid€you€touch€her€for€your€sexualÏà àà àà àà àà àà àgratification?€€€€ÌÌà àà àA:à àNo,€sir.ÌÌà àà àQ:à àAre€you€sure?ÌÌà àà àA:à àPositive.ÓÓÌOn€cross„examination,€the€defendant€explained€that€"[his]€handÏmight've€hit€her€...€[w]hen€[he]€scratched€her€or€something."€ÏThe€defendant€contended,€however,€that€the€touching€was€not€of€aÏsexual€nature.€€òòSeeóó€òòHershel€Clark€v.€Stateóó,€No.€02C01„9112„CR„00273€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Jackson,€June€2,€1993).€€TheÏdefendant€did€not€deny€the€charge€that€he€had€touched€theÏvictim.€€Nor€does€all€of€the€evidence€establish€that€theÏtouching€was€clearly€of€a€sexual€nature,€as€is€the€case€in€theÏ"all€or€nothing"€line€of€cases€which€do€not€require€anÏinstruction€on€a€lesser€included€offense.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€LarryÍFieldsóó,€No.€11€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Jackson,€March€20,€1991),Ïòòpermóó.€òòtoóó€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó,€(Tenn.€1991);€òòState€v.€David€H.€Owenóó,€No.Ï1209€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Knoxville,€May€26,€1989),€òòperm.óó€òòtoóóÏòòapp.óó€òòdeniedóó,€(Tenn.€1989).€ÌÌà àà àTo€omit€the€instruction€on€assault€effectivelyÏdeprived€the€defendant€of€his€right€to€jury€on€that€offense.€ÏThe€guiding€principle€is€that€if€there€is€òòanyóó€evidence€fromÏwhich€the€jury€could€have€concluded€that€the€lesser€includedÏoffense€was€committed,€there€must€be€an€instruction€for€theÏlesser€included€offense.€€òòSeeóó€òòJohnson€v.€Stateóó,€531€S.W.2d€558,Ï559€(Tenn.€1975)€(emphasis€added).€€The€testimony€of€theÏdefendant,€even€if€not€persuasive,€was€susceptible€to€theÏconclusion€that€the€defendant's€conduct€was€merely€"offensive€orÏprovocative,"€and€thus,€an€assault€rather€than€a€sexual€battery.€€ÌÌà àà àIn€òòState€v.€Dhikr€Abban€Boyceóó,€No.€01C01„9402„CR„00053Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Nashville,€Feb.€2,€1995),€this€court€ruledÏthat€the€failure€to€instruct€on€a€lesser€included€offense€alwaysÏrequires€a€new€trial.€€The€opinion€was€based€largely€upon€theÏruling€of€our€supreme€court€in€òòPoole€v.€Stateóó,€61€Tenn.€288,€294Ï(1872):ÌÓÓà àà8 àHowever€plain€it€may€be€to€the€mind€of€theÏCourt€that€one€certain€offense€has€beenÏcommitted€and€none€other,€he€must€notÏconfine€himself€in€his€charge€to€thatÏoffense.€€When€he€does€so€he€invades€theÏprovince€of€the€jury,€whose€peculiar€dutyÏit€is€to€ascertain€the€grade€of€theÏoffense.€€However€clear€it€may€be,€theÏCourt€should€never€decide€the€facts,€butÏmust€leave€them€unembarrassed€to€the€jury.ÓÓÌÌà àà àHere,€the€jury€may€have€convicted€the€defendant€of€theÏgreater€offense€of€aggravated€sexual€battery€even€if€the€lesserÏoffense€had€been€charged.€€Yet€the€law€clearly€mandated€anÏinstruction€on€the€lesser€included€offense.€€Among€the€mostÏtreasured€of€all€of€our€constitutional€protections€is€the€rightÏto€a€trial€by€a€jury€of€our€peers;€a€refusal€to€charge€a€lesserÏincluded€offense,€even€if€relatively€scant€testimony€supportsÏsuch€an€offense,€deprives€a€defendant€of€that€right.€€We€must,Ïtherefore,€hold€that€the€trial€court's€failure€to€instructÏwarrants€the€grant€of€a€new€trial.€ÌÌà àà àWe€also€observe€that€the€trial€court€providedÏincorrect€instructions€on€the€elements€of€aggravated€sexualÏbattery€and€sexual€battery.€€Although€the€defendant€did€notÏraise€the€issue€at€trial€or€on€appeal,€we€have€decided€toÍaddress€the€issue€in€view€of€the€remand.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.Ï36(a).€€ÌÌà àà àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€proof,€the€trial€courtÏinstructed€the€jury€that€aggravated€sexual€battery€included€theÏfollowing€elements:€ÌÓÓà àà8 à(1)€that€the€defendant€had€unlawful€sexualÏcontact€with€the€alleged€victim€or€theÏalleged€victim€had€unlawful€sexual€contactÏwith€the€defendant;Ìà àà8 à(2)€the€alleged€victim€was€less€thanÏthirteen€(13)€years€of€age.Ìà àà8 à(3)€that€the€defendant€acted€òòintentionallyóó,Ïòòknowinglyóó€or€òòrecklesslyóó.ÌÌÓÓ(emphasis€added).€€The€trial€court€also€instructed€the€jury€thatÏsexual€battery€was€defined€as€"the€defendant€[having]€unlawfulÏsexual€contact€with€the€alleged€victim€or€the€alleged€victimÏ[having]€unlawful€sexual€contact€with€the€defendant,"€eitherÏ"òòintentionally,€knowingly€or€recklesslyóó."€€(emphasis€added).ÌÌà àà àThis€court€has€previously€held€that€the€elements€ofÏaggravated€sexual€battery€contain€different€culpable€mentalÏstates.× ƒ7 ××  ×€€òòState€v.€Parkeróó,€887€S.W.2d€825,€827€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Í1994).€€The€statutes€expressly€provide€that€"sexual€contact"Ïrequires€"the€òòintentionalóó€touching€of€the€victim's€...€intimateÏparts€or€the€òòintentionalóó€touching€of€the€clothing€covering€theÏimmediate€area€of€the€victim's€...€intimate€parts,€if€thatÏòòintentionalóó€touching€can€be€reasonably€construed€as€being€forÏthe€purpose€of€sexual€arousal€or€gratification."€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€29„11„301;€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€29„13„501(6);€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€29„13„504€(emphasis€added).€€The€definition€of€aggravatedÏsexual€battery,€however,€neither€prescribes€nor€"plainlyÏdispenses"€with€the€culpable€mental€state€as€to€whether€theÏvictim€is€less€than€thirteen€years€of€age.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ï39„13„504(4);€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„301(c).€€Therefore,€theÏterms€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€29„11„Ç301(c),€requiring€mere€reckless€conduct€would€apply€to€thatÏelement€only.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€29„11„301(c)€provides€asÏfollows:ÌÓÓà àà8 àIf€the€definition€of€an€offense€within€thisÏtitle€does€not€plainly€dispense€with€aÏmental€element,€òòintent,€knowledge€orÏrecklessnessóó€suffices€to€establish€theÏculpable€mental€state.ÓÓÌ(emphasis€added).€ÌÌà àà àWhen€an€offense€has€different€mens€rea€for€separateÏelements,€the€trial€court€must€set€forth€the€mental€state€forÏeach€element€clearly€so€that€the€jury€can€determine€whether€theÏstate€has€met€its€burden€of€proof.€€Here,€that€was€not€done.€€ÌÌà àà àWe€also€note€that€the€jury€instruction€on€sexualÏbattery€did€not€include€a€charge€that€one€of€the€followingÏelements€must€be€established€by€the€proof:€€(1)€force€orÏcoercion€by€the€defendant,€(2)€the€defendant€knew€or€had€reasonÏto€know€that€the€victim€is€mentally€defective€or€incapacitatedÏor€physically€helpless,€or€(3)€sexual€contact€by€fraud.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€39„13„505€(1991).€€The€law€requires€a€completeÏinstruction€of€the€elements€of€the€offense.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.ÏHarbisonóó,€704€S.W.2d€at€319.ÌÌà àà àAccordingly,€the€conviction€is€reversed€and€the€causeÏis€remanded€for€a€new€trial.€€€€€ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àGary€R.€Wade,€Judge€ÌÇCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌJohn€H.€Peay,€JudgeÌÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌDavid€H.€Welles,€Judge€