ÿWPC …UBV %˜ ž¤nX´ 0P 4\ p 0”x 0D w@P 0J 0TÚ 0^. 0hŒ 0rô 0|f 0†â 0h 1uø U,m 0d™U,ýU6) B_U*|B)¦DCÏ AM<_ D3›v~ÎvÓL 0@ AO_Æ® 0Dt D/¸ Bç<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXHD3|Xˆ «<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉJQX@%ä2¼A`ArialTTt10cpiXXXä2¼P±ŠQXP((­À$¡¡ÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓÔ¡¨ (D(3¾Á$¤¤Ý ƒ­À!ÝÒD°ÒÒ¦°ÒÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà œ àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó v Dw ^ex £y Ez { E| } E~  Ó€2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(Courier New d< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d&&&&7Border 1dd€-'Cþÿ << Gÿÿ 2Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€#ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  ÝÔ€%ÔÔ€%ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€%XÔÌÌAugustÏ22,Ï1996ÌÌCecilÏW.ÏCrowsonÌAppellateÏCourtÏClerkÔ  Ôó ó$$$$'ÿÿdxdPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA Op Monaco Ò("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€""X„d&ÓÑ#€""Xd#ÑÔ€#ÔÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÝ  Ý›Ñ ` ÑÑ X ÑÑ7€§²XXdÈdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓ  ÓÔ€%Ԝـ€ÙßL€()';+'h|` 81 `€€Lß›à àà àò òIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALSÏOF€TENNESSEEÌÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEÌÌÓ  Óà@ àJUNE€1996€SESSIONÌÌÌÌó óÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)ó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óà àò òC.C.A.€NO.Ï01C01„9506„CR„00176ó óÌà àà àAppellee,à àò ò€€€€€à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àDAVIDSON€COUNTYó óÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àà àò ò)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€J.ÏRANDALL€WYATT,€JR.,ÌJERMAINE€HUNTER,à àà àà à)à àJUDGEÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àó óAppellant.ò òà àà àà à)à àó ó(First„Degree€Murder)ò òÌó óÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANT:óóà àà àà à€€€€€òòà àFOR€THEÏAPPELLEE:óóÌÌÌò òLARRY€B.€HOOVERà àà àà àà àCHARLESÏW.€BURSONÌó ó5th€Fl.,€St.€Cloud€Cornerà àà àà àà àAttorneyÏGeneral€&€Reporterò òÌó ó500€Church€St.ò òÌó óNashville,€TN€€€37219à àò òà àà àà àSARAH€M.ÏBRANCHó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àCounselÏfor€the€StateÌ€€à àà àà àà àà àà àà à450€JamesÏRobertsonÏPkwy.à àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ìà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àò òà àà àà àVICTOR€S.ÏJOHNSON,€IIIó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrictÍAttorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àò òà àà àà àNICHOLAS€D.€BAILEYó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€€€€€€€€€andà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àò òDIANE€LANCEó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€District€Attorneys€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWashington€Square,€Ste.€500Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà à222€Second€Ave.,€N.à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€€37201à àÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àÌOPINION€FILED:____________________ÌÌÌÌò òAFFIRMEDó óÌÌÌò òJOHN€H.€PEAY,ó óÌJudgeÌÇÑ  Ñà@ àò òòòO€P€I€N€I€O€NÌÌÌó óóóÌÓ  ÓÓÓÓ  Óà àà àThe€defendant€was€indicted€for€œfirst„degree›€murder€and€found€guilty€byÏa€jury.€€He€was€sentenced€to€life€imprisonment.€€In€this€appeal€as€of€right,€he€chal…lenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€and€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€itÏruled€admissible€evidence€about€an€altercation€between€the€defendant€and€theÏvictimððs€father€four€days€before€the€murder.€€After€a€review€of€the€record,€we€find€noÏmerit€in€the€defendantððs€issues€and€affirm€the€judgment€below.ÌÌà àà àThe€victim€in€this€case€was€Ne„Sheryl€Hughes,€a€œtwenty„year„old›Ïwoman.€€She€and€the€defendant€had€been€living€together€until€two€weeks€before€herÏdeath.€€At€that€time,€she€broke€up€with€the€defendant€and€moved€into€her€grandmoth…erððs€house.€€She€began€dating€someone€else.€€Following€her€move,€the€defendantÏtried€repeatedly€to€see€and€talk€with€her,€which€the€victim€resisted.€€On€November€4,Ï1993,€the€defendant€got€into€the€victimððs€car€while€she€was€at€a€gas€station.€€He€rodeÏwith€her€to€her€grandmotherððs€house€and€followed€her€inside.€€Her€grandmotherÏcame€downstairs€and€ordered€the€defendant€to€leave.€€When€he€did€not,€she€calledÏher€son,€William€Hughes,€the€victimððs€father.ÌÌà àà àWhen€Hughes€arrived€he€told€the€defendant€to€leave.€€The€defendantÍleft€the€house€and€Hughes€followed€him€outside.€€The€victim€told€her€father€that€theÏdefendant€had€her€pager,€and€to€get€it€from€him.€€Hughes€asked€for€the€pagerÏrepeatedly€but€the€defendant€would€not€return€it.€€Hughes€reached€for€the€pager,€theÏdefendant€pushed€him€away,€and€Hughes€struck€the€defendant€in€the€face,€knockingÏhim€down.€€Hughes€also€fell€to€the€ground.€€As€the€defendant€got€up,€he€pulled€a€gunÏand€pointed€it€at€Hughes€stating,€ð ðSheððll€pay.ðð€€Hughes€ran€into€the€next€yard€and€theÏdefendant€left€the€scene.€€The€police€were€called€and€arrived€shortly€thereafter.ÌÌà àà àAfter€he€left€the€victimððs€grandmotherððs€house,€the€defendant€went€toÏsee€Wanda€Story€whom€he€had€known€for€many€years.€€He€put€the€gun€in€StoryððsÏwashing€machine€and€told€her€that€he€had€almost€shot€the€victimððs€father€with€it.€ÏStory€told€the€defendant€he€had€to€leave,€and€she€drove€him€to€his€apartment.€€SheÏthen€went€to€the€defendantððs€motherððs€house€to€explain€what€had€happened€and€toÏsuggest€that€the€defendant€ð ðwas€out€of€control€and€needed€help.ðð€€€€Story€then€droveÏby€the€victimððs€grandmotherððs€house€and€saw€the€police€there.€€She€told€them€aboutÏthe€gun€and€two€officers€accompanied€her€home€and€retrieved€the€gun€from€theÏwashing€machine.€€The€next€day€the€defendant€returned€to€Storyððs€house€to€get€theÏgun.€€Story€explained€that€she€had€turned€it€over€to€the€police.ÌÌà àà àOn€November€6,€1993,€Don€Duncan€received€a€call€from€a€personÍidentifying€himself€as€Jermaine€Hunter.€€This€call€was€in€response€to€an€advertise…ment€that€Duncan€had€placed€for€the€sale€of€two€handguns.€€Duncan€arranged€toÏmeet€with€the€caller€for€him€to€see€the€guns.€€Duncan,€accompanied€by€his€father,Ïtook€both€guns€to€the€meeting€place€and€waited€in€his€truck€for€the€potential€buyer.€€AÏman€approached€on€foot,€identified€himself€as€Jermaine€Hunter,€and€sat€with€DuncanÏin€his€truck.€€The€man€handled€both€guns€and€decided€to€purchase€the€second€one,€aÏDan€Wesson€.44€magnum.€€The€man€paid€Duncan€in€cash€for€the€gun€and€stated€thatÏhe€was€going€to€see€if€he€could€get€the€money€to€also€purchase€the€other€gun.€€TheÏman€walked€back€towards€a€car,€and€another€individual€started€walking€in€DuncanððsÏdirection.€€The€two€men€met€about€fifty€feet€from€where€Duncan€was€now€standing.€ÏDuncan€testified€that€he€had€seen€this€second€manððs€face€clearly.€€The€two€men€thenÏwalked€back€towards€the€car€and€got€in,€with€the€man€who€had€purchased€the€gunÏsitting€in€the€passenger€seat.€€Two€other€men€were€also€in€the€car.€€They€drove€closeÏby€Duncan,€and€the€man€in€the€passenger€seat€leaned€out€the€window€and€stated€heÏwould€not€be€buying€the€other€gun.€€The€men€then€drove€off.€€Although€Duncan€hadÏrequested€to€see€some€identification€from€the€man€who€purchased€the€gun,€noneÏwas€ever€produced.ÌÌà àà àDuncan€later€heard€about€the€victimððs€murder€on€the€radio€and€thatÏJermaine€Hunter€was€the€suspect.€€He€contacted€the€police€and€informed€them€aboutÍthe€gun€sale.€€He€also€told€them€that€he€had€previously€fired€some€bullets€from€thatÏgun€into€the€ground€near€his€house.€€The€police€were€able€to€retrieve€some€of€theseÏbullets.€€Expert€testimony€adduced€at€trial€established€that€the€bullets€which€killed€theÏvictim€had€been€fired€from€the€same€gun€as€the€bullets€retrieved€from€Duncanððs€yard.€ÏDuncan€was€also€able€to€identify€the€man€who€had€purchased€the€gun€from€photo…graphs€shown€to€him€by€the€police.€€This€man€was€Ricky€Caruthers,€whom€theÏdefendant€knew.€€Duncan€was€also€able€to€identify€from€photographs€the€defendantÏas€the€man€who€had€walked€up€to€and€met€with€Caruthers€and€then€left€in€the€sameÏvehicle.ÌÌà àà àRodney€A.€Farmer€testified€that€he€had€been€a€close€friend€of€theÏdefendantððs€in€1992€and€1993.€€He€testified€that€he€had€spoken€with€the€defendantÏabout€his€break„up€with€the€victim,€and€that€during€the€week€preceding€her€death,€theÏdefendant€had€told€him€that€ð ðhe€was€going€to€kill€her.ðð€€Farmer€testified€that€theÏdefendant€had€repeated€this€to€him€on€the€evening€of€November€7,€1993,€adding€thatÏhe€was€also€going€to€kill€the€victimððs€new€boyfriend€and€then€kill€himself.€€€ÌÌÔ% € Ôà àà àVonda€Mack€testified€that€the€victim€had€planned€to€spend€the€night€withÏher€on€November€7,€1993.€€They€and€three€other€girlfriends€decided€to€go€to€aÏnightclub€that€evening.€€While€they€were€there,€the€victim€became€ð ðscared.ðð€€WhenÍthey€left€the€club€at€approximately€2:30€a.m.€on€November€8,€1993,€the€other€womenÏsurrounded€the€victim€as€they€walked€to€the€victimððs€car.€€They€then€left€the€club€andÏdrove€to€several€destinations,€including€two€fast€food€restaurants.€€Mack€and€theÏvictim€reached€Mackððs€residence€at€approximately€4:20€a.m.€€They€got€out€of€the€carÏand€started€toward€the€back€door€with€Mack€four€or€five€steps€ahead€of€the€victim.€ÏMack€testified€that€she€had€heard€the€victim€scream€and€that€she€had€turned€aroundÏimmediately€to€see€the€victim€ð ðfalling€to€the€ground.ðð€€She€testified€that,€at€the€sameÏtime€she€heard€the€scream,€she€heard€the€first€gunshot.€€She€testified€that€she€sawÏthe€defendant€standing€over€the€victim€with€ð ðthe€gun€pointed€down.ðð€€She€heard€threeÏmore€gunshots.€€She€testified€that€there€were€street€lights€and€that€she€had€seenÏclearly€the€right€side€of€the€defendantððs€face.€€She€also€testified€that€she€had€knownÏthe€defendant€approximately€fifteen€years.ÌÌà àà àMedical€testimony€established€that€the€victim€had€been€killed€byÏgunshot€wounds.€€The€victim€suffered€gunshots€to€her€forehead,€torso,€leg€andÏhands.€€The€forehead€wound€was€described€as€a€ð ðcontact€gunshot€wound,ðð€that€is,Ïthe€gun€had€ð ðprobablyðð€been€touching€the€skin€when€it€was€fired.€€The€murderÏweapon€was€not€recovered.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€offered€alibi€proof€from€his€mother€and€sister,€a€half„brother€and€a€friend.€€All€of€these€people€testified€that€the€defendant€had€beenÏmoving€his€furniture€to€his€motherððs€house€on€the€night€of€November€7,€1993,€andÏthat€he€had€been€with€one€or€more€of€them€at€the€time€the€murder€occurred.€€InÏsupport€of€this€appeal,€the€defendant€also€points€to€Farmerððs€testimony€that€he€hadÏspoken€with€Mack€after€the€shooting€and€she€had€told€him€she€had€not€seen€theÏshooterððs€face€but€knew€it€was€the€defendant€from€ð ð[t]he€way€his€body€was€built.ðð€€OnÏcross„examination,€Mack€denied€telling€Farmer€this.€ÌÌ€à àà àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evi…dence,€we€must€review€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution€inÏdetermining€whether€"òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essentialÏelements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.Ï307,€319,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€61€L.Ed.2d€560€(1979).€€We€do€not€reweigh€or€re„evaluateÏthe€evidence€and€are€required€to€afford€the€State€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€theÏproof€contained€in€the€record€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€infer‚encesÏwhich€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.Ï1978).€ÌÌà àà àQuestions€concerning€the€credibility€of€witnesses,€the€weight€and€valueÏto€be€given€to€the€evidence,€as€well€as€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence€areÍresolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€this€Court.€€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835.€€A€guiltyÏverdict€rendered€by€the€jury€and€approved€by€the€trial€judge€accredits€the€testimonyÏof€the€witnesses€for€the€State,€and€a€presumption€of€guilt€replaces€the€presumption€ofÏinnocence.€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973).€€€ÌÌà àà àIn€order€to€support€a€conviction€for€first„degree€murder,€the€State€had€toÏprove€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€defendant€killed€the€victim,€and€that€he€didÏso€intentionally,€deliberately€and€with€premeditation.€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„202€(1991ÏRepl.).€€The€evidence€in€this€case€was€more€than€sufficient€for€a€rational€trier€of€fact€toÏconclude€that€all€of€these€elements€had€been€proved€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€ÏThe€questions€regarding€the€identification€of€the€defendant,€and€his€location€at€theÏtime€of€the€murder,€were€clearly€questions€for€the€jury.€€By€its€verdict,€the€jury€plainlyÏrejected€the€defendantððs€version€of€the€events€at€issue€and€accepted€the€StateððsÏversion.€€This,€the€jury€had€the€right€to€do.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€next€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€ruledÏadmissible€testimony€about€the€altercation€between€the€defendant€and€the€victimððsÏfather€four€days€before€the€victim€was€shot.€€The€defendant€contends€that€theÏdefendantððs€statement€ð ðsheððll€payðð€was€irrelevant€and€that€the€prejudicial€effect€of€thisÏevidence€outweighs€its€probative€value€and€it€should€therefore€have€been€excluded.€€ÌÌà àà àIt€has€long€been€accepted€in€Tennessee€that€prior€threats€by€theÏdefendant€to€the€victim€may€be€admissible€if€relevant€to€prove€a€material€issue€suchÏas€motive,€intent,€identity,€absence€of€mistake€or€accident€(if€such€are€de‚fenses€to€theÏcharged€offense),€or€existence€of€a€common€scheme€or€plan.€€òòState€v.€Partonóó,€694ÏS.W.2d€299,€302€(Tenn.€1985).€€With€the€exceptions€noted€above,€evidence€of€otherÏcrimes€or€prior€bad€acts€wholly€independent€of€the€crime€for€which€the€defendant€isÏon€trial€is€generally€irrelevant€and€inadmissible.€€òòState€v.€Burchfieldóó,€664€S.W.2d€284,Ï286€(Tenn.€1984).€€We€agree€with€the€trial€court€that€the€evidence€at€issue€wasÏrelevant€to€prove€intent.€€€€Ìà àà àÌà àà à€Moreover,€this€Court€will€not€disturb€a€trial€courtððs€ruling€on€the€proba…tive€value€of€evidence€absent€an€abuse€of€discretion.€€òòState€v.€Hayesóó,€899€S.W.2dÏ175,€183€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€No€such€abuse€occurred€here.€€Upon€theÏdefendantððs€motion€in€limine€on€this€issue,€the€trial€court€ruled€ÌÓÓà àà8 àÌÒ ô ÒÒ ¦ ÒÒ ô ÒÒ ° Òœthat›€the€probative€value€of€this€evidence€under€Rule€403€wouldÏoutweigh€any€prejudicial€effect€to€the€defendant.€.€.€.€[T]he€StateððsÏrequired€to€show€intent.€€Theyððre€required€to€show€a€deliberateÏand€premeditated€act.€€And€I€think€this€testimony€has€to€do€withÏgoing€to€the€intent€and€as€to€what€was€going€on€immediatelyÏbefore€the€death.€€When€I€say€ððimmediately€before,ðð€I€mean€withinÏthe€last€three€or€four€days.€€So€I€think€itððs€relevant.€€And€I€do€notÏbelieve€that€the€prejudice€would€outweigh€the€probative€effect€on€„„€on€this€issue.€€ÌÌÒ D ÒÒ ° ÒÒ D ÒÒ ¦ ÒÌÓÓWe€see€no€abuse€of€discretion€by€the€trial€court€in€making€this€ruling.€€This€issue€isÏwithout€merit.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€having€demonstrated€no€reversible€error€in€the€trialÏbelow,€the€judgment€is€affirmed.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà à______________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJOHN€H.€PEAY,€JudgeÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JudgeÌÌÌÌ______________________________ÌWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€Judge