ÿWPCÿ@ …U:V % 0 Ü–w@r 4² Æ Õ 0 Ý 0Dý 0JA 0T‹ 0^ß 0h= 0r¥ 0| 0†“ 0 1u©U , 0dJ B®U,ËU *÷B)!DCJ D3 AMÀÆ  0@Ó\¿o.r4˜¦¿>2 ý5v~ 8vÓ‡9 AOZ?Æ©? 0Do@ D/³@ Bâ@, øð AZ‹"Arial RegularX(´`$¡¡Ñ°ÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€‰GXXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  Ñ sDtUuvÕŽ‘’“Ó€ypÑ 3|xž(Ð(3´™$¤¤Ý ƒ`!ÝѰÑÒ°ÒÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€l½XXdædæ7ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)< Œ 9p`(ModernP ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Monaco< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d((((7Border 1dd'ÿÿdxd€-)Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ¼Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€'ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ! ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÔ€'ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€'XÔÌÌò òJulyÏ31,Ï1996ÌÌCecilÏCrowson,ÏJr.ÌÔ€'ôÔAp…pellateÏCourtÏClerkó ó("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò RÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€'ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝAt€the€time€of€the€offense,€SAH€was€eleven€years€old.€€As€a€matter€ofÏpolicy,€this€court€does€not€name€minors€involved€in€sexual€abuse€but,€instead,Ïuses€their€initials.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Schimpfóó,€782€S.W.2d€186,€188€n.1€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1989).Ì µÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€'ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝDefense€counsel€objected€at€this€point,€arguing€that€the€doctorððsÏtestimony€was€not€relevant.Ì üÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€'ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝOn€these€three€occasions,€SAH€refused€to€enter€the€courtroom.€€AsÏsubsequently€mentioned,€on€the€fourth€occasion,€the€victim€did€take€the€standÏbut€refused€to€testify.Ì hÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€'ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€trial€court€observed,€"[T]his€may€be€the€most€difficult€case€I've€everÏtried.€€It's€been€a€hard€case."€€With€respect€to€the€trial€judge's€conduct€of€theÏproceedings,€we€commend€him€for€the€effective€use€of€currative€instructions€andÏfor€maintaining€a€level€playing€field.Ì ŽÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€'ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝWe€note€that€the€statements€of€the€victim€to€her€physicians€includedÏevidence€of€other€crimes€by€the€appellant€which€were€arguably€excludableÏpursuant€to€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€404(b).€€Specifically,€the€victim€informed€Dr.€JonesÏthat€her€father€had€poured€cough€syrup€into€her€vagina,€had€fingered€her€vaginaÏand€rectum,€and€had€hit€her€ð ðprivate€areasðð€with€a€board.€€SAH€told€Dr.€Lynn€thatÏa€Dollywood€baton€and€a€gun€had€been€placed€in€her€body.€€First,€the€appellantÏdoes€not€properly€raise€this€issue€in€his€brief.€€Accordingly,€this€issue€is€waivedÏpursuant€to€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€27(a)(4)€and€(7)€and€Ct.€Crim.€App.€R.€10(b).€ÏSecond,€the€appellant€failed€to€object€to€the€introduction€of€evidence€of€otherÏacts€introduced€during€Dr.€Jonesðð€testimony.€€It€is€a€well„established€rule€that€aÏdefendantððs€failure€to€timely€object€to€the€introduction€of€evidence€constitutes€aÏwaiver€of€appellate€review€of€the€issue.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€3(e)€and€36(a);€òòState€v.ÏHarringtonóó,€627€S.W.2d€345,€348€(Tenn.€1981),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€457€U.S.€1110,Ï102€S.Ct.€2913€(1982);€òòState€v.€Killebrewóó,€760€S.W.2d€228,€235€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1988).€€Moreover,€objections€must€be€specific€as€to€the€grounds€uponÏwhich€they€are€based.€€òòState€v.€Weedenóó,€733€S.W.2d€124,€125„126€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1987).€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(a)€specifically€directs€that€relief€on€appeal€needÏnot€be€granted€ð ðto€a€party€responsible€for€an€error€or€[to€a€party]€who€failed€toÏtake€whatever€action€was€reasonably€available€to€prevent€or€nullify€the€harmfulÏeffect€of€an€error.ðð€€The€appellant€objected€to€the€relevance€of€other€actsÏevidence€only€during€Dr.€Lynnððs€testimony,€remarking,€ð ðI€mean€it€almost€benefitsÏour€case€if€she€was€naming€so€many€different€things€to€different€doctors,€but€weÏdonððt€see€how€this€is€relevant€...€.ðð€€This€objection€was€overruled.€€The€appellantÏdid€not€request€a€jury„out€hearing€to€determine€the€admissibility€of€SAHððsÏstatements€concerning€bad€acts€occurring€outside€the€indicted€period,€althoughÏthe€record€indicates€that€defense€counsel€was€aware€of€the€victimððs€statementsÏand€the€contents€of€the€statements€prior€to€the€testimony€at€issue.€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.Ï404(b)(1).€€The€record€demonstrates€that€no€hearing€was€held.€€Ìà àIn€any€event,€the€Dollywood€baton€allegations€òòwereóó€charged€in€theÏindictment.€€We€have€already€concluded€that,€although€the€State€moved€toÏdismiss€the€Dollywood€baton€counts€at€the€close€of€their€proof,€the€prosecutorððsÏdecision€to€include€those€counts€in€the€indictment€was€supported€by€probableÏcause.€€Accordingly,€the€evidence€concerning€the€Dollywood€baton€wasÏadmissible.€€Indeed,€the€situation€in€this€case€is€closely€analogous€to€theÏcircumstance€of€an€"open„dated"€indictment€charging€sex€crimes€that€occurredÏover€a€span€of€time€and€require€the€election€of€offenses€at€the€close€of€theÏStateððs€proof.€€In€that€context,€this€court€has€held€that€ð ð[e]vidence€of€a€prior€sexÏcrime€that€is€necessarily€included€within€the€charge€of€the€indictment€is€alsoÏnecessarily€relevant€to€the€issues€being€tried€and,€therefore,€is€admissible.ðð€ÏòòState€v.€Rickmanóó,€876€S.W.2d€824,€827€(Tenn.€1994).€€The€appellant€does€notÏargue€that€the€counts€were€improperly€joined,€and,€following€a€review€of€theÏrecord,€we€decline€to€so€find.€Ìà àHowever,€evidence€of€crimes€not€included€within€the€charge€of€theÏindictment€was€introduced€through€the€doctorsðð€testimony.€€Again,€the€doctorsÏrecounted€the€victimððs€allegations€concerning€fingering,€being€hit€with€a€board,Ïthe€placement€of€a€gun€in€her€rectum,€and€the€placement€of€cough€syrup€in€herÏvagina.€€(The€last€allegation€may,€in€fact,€have€been€a€description€of€the€eventsÏset€forth€in€count€1€of€the€indictment,€in€light€of€medical€testimony€that€the€victimÏfound€it€difficult€to€distinguish€between€her€rectal€and€vaginal€openings).€ÏArguably,€the€highly€unusual€nature€of€the€act€alleged€in€the€first€count€and€theÏtreatment€of€SAH€with€enemas€when€she€was€approximately€three€years€oldÏplaced€the€appellantððs€motive€at€issue,€despite€the€appellantððs€retraction€at€trialÏof€his€earlier€admission.€€òòRickmanóó,€876€S.W.2d€at€827;€òòState€v.€Partonóó,€694ÏS.W.2d€299,€302€(Tenn.€1985);€òòBunch€v.€Stateóó,€605€S.W.2d€227,€229€(Tenn.Ï1980);€òòState€v.€Drinkardóó,€909€S.W.2d€13,€16€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperm.€to€appealÏdeniedóó,€(Tenn.€1995);€òòState€v.€Hootenóó,€735€S.W.2d€823,€824€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1987).€€However,€our€supreme€court€has€cautioned€against€confusing€intent€andÏmotive€with€propensity€and€disposition€to€commit€a€crime.€€òòPartonóó,€694€S.W.2dÏat€303.€€Ìà àIn€any€case,€given€the€appellantððs€admission,€the€admissibility€of€theÏevidence€concerning€the€Dollywood€baton,€and€the€medical€testimony,€any€errorÏwas€harmless€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(b);€Tenn.€R.ÏCrim.€P.€52(a).€€Moreover,€the€court,€following€the€Stateððs€case„in„chief,Ïinstructed€the€prosecutor€to€avoid€any€further€mention€of€alleged€acts€other€thanÏthe€act€set€forth€in€count€1€and,€at€the€conclusion€of€the€trial,€did€give€a€limitingÏinstruction€concerning€evidence€of€other€crimes.€€Ì µÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€'ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝIllinois€Rev.€Stat.,€ch.€38,€ðð€115„13€(1989)€provides:Ìà8 àIn€a€prosecution€for€violation€of€Section€12„13,€12„14,€12„15,€or€12„16€of€the€ððCriminal€Code€of€1961,ðð€statements€made€by€the€victimÏto€medical€personnel€for€purposes€of€medical€diagnosis€orÏtreatment€including€descriptions€of€the€cause€of€symptom,€pain€orÏsensations,€or€the€inception€or€general€character€of€the€cause€orÏexternal€source€thereof€insofar€as€reasonably€pertinent€toÏdiagnosis€or€treatment€shall€be€admitted€as€an€exception€to€theÏhearsay€rule.ðð€€ÌòòSeeóó€òòWhiteóó,€502€U.S.€at€351€n.2,€112€S.Ct.€at€740€n.2.€€Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÔ€'ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝPursuant€to€Ch.€493€ðð€1€[1995]€Tenn.€Pub.€Acts,€the€presumptiveÏsentence€for€a€class€A€felony€occurring€on€or€after€July€1,€1995,€is€the€midpointÏin€the€applicable€range.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑMonacoÑÑ ÑÒ  BA Op Monaco ÒÒ  BA Op Monaco Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÓ&€&&X„d&ÓÑ#€&&Xd#ÑÔ€'ÔÑ  ÑÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ#€Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝÙ€€Ùò òßL€+,);+'h|` | `€€Lß›à@ àIN€THE€COURT€OFÏCRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€KNOXVILLEÌà@ àJUNE€SESSION,Ï1994Ìó óÌÌÌÌò òœSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEó ó,›à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€03C01„9401„CR„00010Ìà àAppelleeà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àHAMBLENÏCOUNTYÌvs.à àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àHon.€JamesÏE.€Beckner,€JudgeÌò òœJAMES€PERRY€HYDEó ó,›à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àœ(Rape€of€aÏChild)›Ìà àAppellantà àà àà à)ÌÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:ÌÌGreg€Eichelmanà àà àà àà àCharles€W.€BursonÌPublic€Defenderà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌà àÌRussell€Mattocksà àà àà àà àKimbra€R.€SpannÌAsst.€Public€Defenderà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€General€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ï1609€College€Park€Driveà àà àà àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌMorristown,€TN€37814à àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493à àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àC.€Berkeley€BellÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àJohn€DuggerÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à510€Allison€StreetÌà àà àà àà àà àà àMorristown,€Tn€€37814ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€€òò€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌÌò òAFFIRMEDó óÌÌÌÌò òDavid€G.€Hayesó óÌJudgeÇÓÓà0 àò òà@ àOPINIONó óÌÌà àThe€appellant,€James€Perry€Hyde,€was€convicted€by€a€Hamblen€CountyÏjury€of€rape€of€a€child.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„522€(1994€Supp.).€€The€juryÏimposed€a€fine€of€fifty€thousand€dollars,€and€the€trial€court€sentenced€theÏappellant€to€twenty„five€years€incarceration€in€the€Tennessee€Department€ofÏCorrection.€€On€appeal,€the€appellant€raises€the€following€issues:ÌÓÓà8 à(1)à8 àwhether€the€prosecutor€engaged€in€misconductÏwarranting€a€mistrial€and/or€reversal€of€theÏappellantððs€conviction;Ìà8 à(2)à8 àwhether€the€trial€court€should€have€suppressed€theÏappellantððs€statements€to€investigators;Ìà8 à(3)à8 àwhether€the€trial€court€should€have€suppressed€theÏvictimððs€statements€to€examining€physicians;Ìà8 à(4)à8 àwhether€the€evidence€adduced€at€trial€is€sufficient€toÏsustain€the€appellantððs€conviction;Ìà8 à(5)à8 àwhether€the€trial€court€properly€denied€theÏappellantððs€request€for€a€special€jury€instructionÏconcerning€sentencing;€andÌà8 à(6)à8 àwhether€the€appellantððs€sentence€of€twenty„five€yearsÏis€excessive.ÌÓÓÌà àAfter€carefully€reviewing€the€record,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trialÏcourt.ÌÌà@ àò òòòI.€€Factual€Backgroundó óóóÌà àOn€February€8,€1993,€the€Grand€Jury€of€Hamblen€County€returned€anÏindictment€charging€the€appellant€with€three€counts€of€rape€of€his€daughter,ÍSAH,€occurring€on€or€about€September€15,€1992,€August€21,€1992,€andÏSeptember€3,€1992.× ƒ. ××  ×€€Prior€to€trial,€the€State€amended€the€first€count€to€reflectÏthe€date€of€September€14,€1992.€€On€July€7,€1993,€the€appellant€submitted€aÏmotion€for€a€bill€of€particulars.€€The€State€submitted€the€following€response:ÌÓÓà8 à1.à8 àCount€I:€On€September€14,€1992,€in€the€bathroom€ofÏthe€Hyde€home,€the€defendant€inserted€an€enemaÏdevice€filled€with€cough€syrup€into€the€victimððsÏrectum.Ìà8 à2.à8 àCount€II:€On€or€about€August€21,€1992,€in€the€victimððsÏbedroom€in€the€Hyde€home,€the€defendant€inserted€aÏbaton€type€pen€into€the€victimððs€rectum.€€ThereafterÏthe€victim€fled€her€home€on€her€bicycle.Ìà8 à3.à8 àCount€III:€On€or€about€September€3,€1992,€the€dayÏafter€the€victim€ran€away€from€school,€the€defendantÏinserted€a€baton€type€pen€into€the€victimððs€vagina,Ïwhile€they€were€in€the€victimððs€bedroom€in€the€HydeÏhome.ÌÌÓÓThe€appellantððs€trial€occurred€on€July€28€and€July€29,€1993.€€Following€theÏStateððs€presentation€of€proof€and€the€victimððs€refusal€to€testify,€the€trial€courtÏdismissed€counts€two€and€three.ÌÌà àAt€trial,€the€State€introduced€the€testimony€of€Captain€Hugh€Moore€of€theÏHamblen€County€Sheriffððs€Department.€€Captain€Moore€recounted€that,€onÏSeptember€15,€1992,€the€dispatcher€informed€him€that€an€automobile€accidentÍhad€occurred€on€Danberry€Drive€in€Morristown.€€Before€Captain€Moore€arrivedÏat€Danberry€Drive,€the€dispatcher€reported€that€the€call€had€been€false.€€CaptainÏMoore€proceeded€to€the€address€from€which€the€call€had€been€made.€€TheÏappellant€answered€the€door.€€He€and€Captain€Moore€were€joined€by€theÏappellantððs€wife,€Linda€Hyde,€and€his€daughter,€SAH.€€SAH€informed€the€officerÏthat€she€had€made€the€false€report,€because€she€wanted€the€police€to€take€herÏto€jail.€€Her€mother€and€her€father€then€questioned€her.€€SAH€began€ð ðcursingÏand€spittingðð€at€her€father.€€At€one€point,€the€appellant€ð ðsmacked€[SAH]€on€theÏmouth.ðð€€SAH€grabbed€Captain€Mooreððs€leg€and€again€asked€to€be€taken€to€jail.€ÏLinda€Hyde€called€the€East€Tennessee€Childrenððs€Hospital€in€Knoxville.€ÏHowever,€the€officer€decided€to€transport€SAH€to€the€county€juvenile€holdingÏfacility.€En€route€to€the€holding€facility,€SAH€told€Captain€Moore€that€she€hadÏbeen€abused.€€She€refused€to€say€anything€more€to€the€officer.€€ÌÌà àLisa€Hodge,€a€youth€services€officer€for€the€juvenile€court€of€HamblenÏCounty,€also€testified.€€She€spoke€with€SAH€on€September€15,€1992,€when€SAHÏwas€brought€to€the€juvenile€holding€facility.€€SAH€ð ðwas€crying.€€She€wasÏshaking.€€She€appeared€to€be€afraid.ðð€€SAH€asked€Ms.€Hodge€if€Ms.€HodgeÏknew€what€sex€abuse€was€and€whether€SAH€would€have€to€return€home.€€Ms.ÏHodge€then€contacted€the€Department€of€Human€Services.€€Melissa€Thomas,€anÏemployee€of€the€Department€of€Human€Services,€arrived€and€spoke€with€SAH.€ÏSubsequently,€SAHððs€parents€transported€her€to€the€East€Tennessee€ChildrenððsÍHospital.€€ÌÌà àDr.€Alison€Jones,€a€pediatrician€at€East€Tennessee€Childrenððs€Hospital,Ïtestified€that,€on€September€18,€1992,€Dr.€Greeson,€a€psychiatrist€in€the€inpatientÏward,€asked€that€she€examine€SAH.€€Dr.€Jones€testified€that€the€purposes€of€theÏexamination€were€diagnosis€and€treatment.€€Moreover,€in€order€to€accuratelyÏdiagnose€and€treat€SAH,€Dr.€Jones€required€an€account€of€what€had€occurred€toÏSAH.€€SAH€told€Dr.€Jones€thatÌÓÓà8 àshe€had€been€hit€with€a€board€on€occasion€in€her€private€areas€...€.€ÏShe€also€specifically€told€[Dr.€Jones]€that€she€œhad€had›€cough€syrupÏpoured€into€her€vagina€...€€She€denied€penile€penetration.€€SheÏtalked€more€of€fingering€[in€her€vagina€and€rectum]€and€again€sheÏfocused€a€lot€on€the€board€and€the€cough€medicine.€€ÌÓÓÌSAH€indicated€to€Dr.€Jones€that€her€father€had€committed€these€acts.€€ÌÌà àDr.€Jones€outlined€her€medical€conclusions:ÌÓÓà8 àIt€was€my€impression€that€her€external€genitalia€or€her€female€partsÏwere€all,€as€far€as€I€could€tell,€normal.€€I€didnððt€detect€any€problemsÏwith€the€hymenal€ring;€I€felt€it€was€intact.ÌÌà8 àI€did€think€that€her€rectal€exam€was€grossly€abnormal€however.€...Ï[O]n€[SAHððs]€exam,€the€minute€I€touched€her€bottom€or€her€rearÏend,€her€anus€opened€up€widely,€which€is€not€usually€the€case.€ÏThereððs€usually€a€constriction€of€that€muscle.€€And€when€I€furtherÏwent€and€did€a€rectal€exam€and€put€my€finger€in€her€bottom,€thereÏwas€absolutely€no€resistance€...ÌÌÌà8 àI€donððt€believe€she€has€a€problem€with€constipation€or€any€otherÍproblem.€€And€I€didnððt€see€any€other€duodenal€tears€or€bruises€orÏtags€or€anything€else€that€would€indicate€a€problem,€but€the€rectalÏexam€was€grossly€abnormal,€and€I€had€no€explanation€for€that.€€ÌÌà8 à[My€findings€are]€consistent€with€some€form€of€rectal€penetration,Ïusually€forceful,€because€the€child€again€or€anyone€is€trying€not€toÏhave€somebody€do€something€to€them.€€And€over€a€long€period€ofÏtime,€that€results€in€the€muscle€becoming€loose€and€lax€and€notÏhaving€full€rectal€tone.ÌÓÓÌOn€cross„examination,€Dr.€Jones€stated€that€SAH€had€indicated€that€the€abuseÏhad€not€occurred€in€the€immediate€past.ÌÌà àDr.€Christy€Lynn,€a€physician€employed€at€Lakeshore€Mental€HealthÏInstitute,€performed€a€physical€examination€of€SAH€on€November€9,€1992.€€SheÏalso€obtained€her€admission€history.€€Dr.€Lynn€testified€that,€although€her€workÏinvolved€psychiatry,€on€this€occasion€she€was€acting€in€her€capacity€as€aÏphysician,€and,€moreover,€the€physical€examination€and€admission€history€wereÏfor€the€purposes€of€diagnosis€and,€if€necessary,€treatment.€€Dr.€Lynn€testified€thatÏSAH,ÌÓÓà8 à[i]n€talking€about€[the€rectal€area],€...€did€answer€yes€in€theÏaffirmative€that€she€had€been€touched€on€that€part€of€her€body€andÏfurthermore€that€some€specific€objects€had€been€inserted€into€herÏbody.€€She€named€several€of€those€objects€to€me.€...€€one€objectÏthat€she€named€and€kept€going€back€to€was€a€baton€or€a€toy„typeÏobject€she€got€at€Dollywood€that€had€a€pen€on€one€end.€€She€alsoÏmentioned€that€cough€syrup€and€a€gun€had€been€placed€insideÏher€body.€...€She€said€her€father€had€done€that.× ƒ/ ××  ×ÌÌÓÓDr.€Lynn€testified€that€SAH€had€difficulty€distinguishing€the€rectal€and€vaginalÏopenings.€€During€the€physical€examination,€Dr.€Lynn€also€noted€that€the€tissuesÏin€the€genital€and€rectal€area€were€ð ðunusually€relaxed€for€a€child€of€her€age.ðð€ÏThe€victimððs€hymen€was€intact.€€However,€Dr.€Lynn€stated,€ð ðIððve€seen€womenÏwho€delivered€children€and€had€intact€hymen.ðð€€Finally,€Dr.€Lynn€testified€thatÏSAH€had€made€false€accusations€of€sexual€assault€against€Dr.€Lynn€andÏvarious€staff€members€at€Lakeshore€Mental€Health€Institute.€€Dr.€Jerry€BurlÏLemler,€a€psychiatrist€and€chief€of€medical€staff€at€Lakeshore€Mental€HealthÏInstitute,€testified€that€SAH€was€suffering€ð ðpost„traumatic€disorder.ðð€€ÌÌà àLinda€Hyde,€the€appellantððs€wife,€also€testified.€€She€stated€that€she€andÏher€husband€had€been€married€for€twenty„five€years€and€that€she€had€filed€forÏdivorce€on€September€25,€1992.€€She€testified€that,€in€March,€1991,€SAH€beganÏhaving€difficulties€in€school€and€threatening€suicide.€€Ms.€Hyde€took€SAH€to€seeÏPamela€Matthews,€a€clinical€social€worker.€€In€November,€1991,€the€HydesÏdecided€to€hospitalize€SAH€in€Valley€Hospital€in€Chattanooga,€Tennessee.€ÏSAH€remained€in€the€hospital€for€thirty€days.€€In€January,€1992,€SAH€was€placedÏon€medication€and€returned€to€school.€€However,€in€February,€1992,€she€beganÏto€again€experience€problems€and€ran€away€from€school.€€When€she€was€found,Ïshe€stated€that€she€had€intended€to€go€to€the€police€station.€€In€March,€1992,ÏSAH€was€admitted€to€the€East€Tennessee€Childrenððs€Hospital€in€Knoxville€forÍone€month.€€ÌÌà àMs.€Hyde€testified€that,€on€September€14,€1992,€SAH€remained€at€homeÏwith€her€father,€because€she€was€sick.€€Ms.€Hyde€was€at€work€all€day.€€SheÏstated€that€her€husband€may€have€taken€their€daughter€to€the€doctor€on€that€day.€ÏShe€conceded€that,€occasionally,€SAHððs€grandmother€would€care€for€SAHÏwhen€she€was€sick.€€ÌÌà àOn€September€15,€1992,€Ms.€Hyde€returned€home€for€lunch€atÏapproximately€1:30€p.m.€or€2:00€p.m.€€A€police€officer€arrived€and€informed€Ms.ÏHyde€and€the€appellant€that€911€had€been€called€from€their€address.€€Ms.€HydeÏdiscovered€that€her€daughter€had€called€the€police€and€had€told€them€that€aÏterrible€accident€had€occurred€on€their€street.€€When€the€officer€attempted€toÏleave,€SAH€grabbed€his€leg.€€She€called€her€father€an€ð ðS.O.B.ðð€€Mr.€Hyde€thenÏð ðsmacked€[SAHððs]€mouth.ðð€€Shortly€thereafter,€SAH€was€admitted€to€the€EastÏTennessee€Childrenððs€Hospital.€€Ms.€Hyde€spoke€with€Pamela€MatthewsÏconcerning€SAHððs€allegations€of€abuse.€€Ms.€Hyde€also€spoke€with€her€daughterÏat€the€hospital.€€She€testified€that,€after€she€spoke€with€her€daughter,€sheÏbecame€terrified€of€her€husband.€€On€September€24,€1992,€she€received€a€callÏfrom€her€husband.€€He€told€her€that€he€was€going€to€jail.€€When€she€asked€him€ifÏhe€had€abused€their€daughter,€he€replied,€ð ðWell,€if€it€walks€like€a€duck€andÏquacks€like€a€duck,€it€must€be€a€duck.ðð€€ÌÌà àFinally,€on€cross„examination,€Ms.€Hyde€testified€that€she€hadÏadministered€enemas€to€her€daughter€when€SAH€was€approximately€threeÏyears€old.€€She€administered€the€enemas€in€accordance€with€a€doctorððsÏinstructions,€to€treat€constipation.€€Ms.€Hyde€also€stated€that€the€appellantÏsuffered€constipation€and€used€enemas.€€ÌÌà àTeddy€Collingsworth,€œan€Investigator›€for€œthe€Attorney€General's€Office,›Ïalso€testified.€€He€stated€that€he€first€became€involved€in€the€case€when€he€wasÏcontacted€by€a€fellow€investigator,€Kennetta€Williamson.€€He€and€Ms.€WilliamsonÏobtained€Ms.€Hydeððs€consent€to€a€search€of€the€Hyde€home.€€The€investigatorsÏrecovered€from€the€house€a€cough€syrup€bottle,€an€enema€bag,€and€a€ð ðbaton„typeðð€pen€from€Dollywood.ÌÌà àOn€September€24,€1992,€he€and€Ms.€Williamson€drove€to€the€HydeÏresidence€and€asked€the€appellant€if€he€would€be€willing€to€accompany€them€toÏthe€district€attorney€generalððs€office€at€the€Justice€Center€for€an€interview.€ÏCollingsworth€told€the€appellant€that€the€interview€would€concern€allegationsÏmade€by€the€appellantððs€daughter.€€The€appellant€agreed€to€accompanyÏCollingsworth€and€Williamson.€€Collingsworth€rode€in€the€appellantððs€van€to€theÏjustice€center,€and€Williamson€drove€the€car€in€which€she€and€CollingsworthÏhad€driven€to€the€appellantððs€residence.€€Collingsworth€testified€that€theÍappellant€was€not€under€arrest€at€that€time.€€Nevertheless,€CollingsworthÏadvised€the€appellant€of€his€constitutional€rights.€€Collingsworth€was€informedÏby€the€appellant€that€he€could€read€and€write€and€had€completed€the€ninthÏgrade.€€The€appellant€then€signed€an€admonition€and€waiver€of€rights€form€andÏgave€the€following€statement€in€response€to€questioning€by€Collingsworth:ÌÓÓà8 àLinda€Hyde,€my€wife,€and€I€started€having€problems€with€[SAH]Ïwhen€she€was€in€the€fourth€grade.€€She€wouldnððt€do€herÏhomework.€€And€then€when€she€was€in€the€fifth€grade,€[SAH]€wasÏstill€having€problems.ÌÌà8 à[SAH]€told€someone€I€had€sexually€assaulted€her.€[SAH]€wasÏchecked€by€a€doctor€and€couldnððt€find€anything€wrong.€€Then€a€fewÏweeks€ago€started€running€away.€€She€has€done€this€severalÏtimes.€€ÌÌà8 à[SAH]€has€cut€her€arms€until€they€bleed.€[SAH]€told€her€mother€andÏI€she€had€injected€herself€with€Dr.€Pepper,€a€soft€drink.€€ÌÌà8 àSince€I€have€had€a€heart€attack€about€three€years€ago,€Iððve€beenÏoff€work.€€I€take€care€of€[SAH]€while€my€wife€is€working.€€I€pick€upÏ[SAH]€from€school.€€I€usually€take€[SAH]€to€see€the€doctor€with€herÏmother.€€ÌÌà8 àI€have€problems€with€my€bowels.€€I€have€a€red€enema€bag€I€useÏand€keep€it€underneath€the€bathroom€sink.€€I€wash€it€out€with€waterÏand€that€is€all€I€use€in€it.€€ÌÌà8 àMy€other€daughter€also€has€a€pen€that€she€got€at€Dollywood€that€IÏuse€sometimes€or€I€play€with€it.€[SAH]€has€got€some€clankers.€ÏThey€get€on€my€nerves.€€Itððs€been€a€long€time€since€I€have€seenÏthem.ÌÌà8 àThere€has€never€been€nobody€else€ever€taking€care€of€[SAH]Ïexcept€Linda€and€I€in€the€last€three€or€four€years.€ÌÌà8 àI€have€bought€three€guns,€all€of€the€twenty„two€caliber€pistols.€€TwoÍof€them€are€chrome,€and€one€black€or€blue€in€color.€€ÌÌà8 àThe€only€way€I€could€have€done€these€things€to€[SAH]€is€that€I€haveÏbeen€passed€out.€€I€donððt€think€I€have.€€But€if€you€hear€a€duck€and€itÏquacks,€itððs€a€duck.ÌÌà8 àThe€things€that€have€been€done€to€[SAH]€couldnððt€have€been€doneÏby€nobody€else€because€[SAH]€isnððt€with€anybody€else€but€LindaÏand€I.€€I€know€I€didnððt€do€these€things,€I€guess.€€I€wouldnððt€hurtÏ[SAH]€intentionally.ÌÌà8 àMy€mother€and€sister€will€do€things€and€completely€deny€they€haveÏdid€it.€€I€donððt€think€I€have€done€this.€€If€I€knew€I€did€this,€I€would€killÏmyself.€€The€three€pistols€are€at€my€trailer€camper€in€the€backyardÏof€my€motherððs€beside€the€fence.€€Mother€lives€at€203€Hill€Avenue,ÏMorristown,€Tennessee.€€ÌÌà8 à[SAH]€sometimes€stays€all€night€with€my€mother€and€LindaððsÏmother€and€daddy.€[SAH]€has€stayed€all€night€with€Bob€AndersonÏand€Marsha.€€ÌÓÓÌà àCollingsworth€began€to€question€the€appellant€at€approximately€9:30€a.m.Ïand€concluded€the€interview€at€approximately€1:50€p.m.€€Because€it€was€warmÏin€the€room€where€the€interview€was€conducted,€Williamson€obtained€a€fan.€ÏDuring€the€interview,€the€appellant€was€permitted€to€go€to€the€restroom€and€takeÏoccasional€breaks.€€For€lunch,€at€the€appellantððs€request,€CollingsworthÏprovided€a€coke€and€some€crackers.ÌÌà àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€interview,€Collingsworth€read€the€appellantððsÏstatement€to€him€ð ðverbatim.ðð€€Moreover,€the€appellant€himself€looked€at€theÏstatement€ð ðfor€a€period€of€time€and€then€he€signed€it.ðð€€Afterwards,€the€appellantÍwent€to€Sheriff€Charles€Longððs€office.€€Collingsworth€remained€at€the€districtÏattorney€generalððs€office.€€At€approximately,€4:00€p.m.,€Sheriff€Long€informedÏCollingsworth€and€Williamson€that€the€appellant€wanted€to€speak€with€them.€ÏThey€interviewed€the€appellant€a€second€time€in€Sheriff€Longððs€office.€ÏCollingsworth€was€present€when€the€appellant€signed€a€second€admonition€andÏwaiver€of€rights€form.€€After€the€appellant€made€a€second€statement,€he€wasÏarrested€and€charged€with€rape€of€a€child.€€ÌÌà àKennetta€Williamson,€an€investigator€with€the€district€attorney€generalððsÏoffice,€testified€that€she€became€involved€in€the€case€when€she€was€asked€toÏspeak€with€the€appellantððs€wife,€Linda€Hyde.€€Ms.€Hyde€described€SAHððsÏallegations€and€informed€Williamson€that€her€daughter€had€been€placed€in€theÏEast€Tennessee€Childrenððs€Hospital€in€Knoxville.€€Williamson€and€MelissaÏThomas€from€the€Department€of€Human€Services€went€to€speak€with€SAH€at€theÏhospital.€€They€spoke€with€SAH€for€two€or€three€hours.€€Williamson€testified€thatÏSAH€ð ðwas€very€emotional,€hard€to€talk€with,€hard€to€understand,€communicateÏwith.ðð€€ÌÌà àAfter€speaking€with€SAH,€Williamson€and€Collingsworth€obtained€Ms.ÏHydeððs€consent€to€search€the€Hyde€home.€€The€next€day,€Williamson€andÏCollingsworth€interviewed€the€appellant.€€Williamson€confirmed€that€theÏappellant€was€not€under€arrest€and€could€have€left€at€any€time€during€theÍinterviews.€€Williamson€testified€that€she€was€not€present€during€most€of€theÏappellantððs€first€statement.€€However,€she€heard€the€appellant€state€that€heÏcould€read.€€She€wrote€down€the€appellantððs€second€statement.€€She€testifiedÏthat€she€advised€the€appellant€of€his€rights€andÌÓÓà8 à[h]e€told€me€that€on€September€14,€1992,€that€he€could€rememberÏhaving€[SAH]€take€off€her€clothes.€€He€said€he€then€rememberedÏgiving€[SAH]€an€enema€with€some€cough€syrup€and€he€placed€it€inÏher€rectum.€€He€told€me€he€loved€[SAH]€very€much.€€Said,€I€canððtÏremember€anything€else€that€happened.€€I€remember€it€happeningÏupstairs€in€the€bathroom.€€This€happened€in€the€morning€hoursÏafter€Linda€went€to€work.€€I€donððt€know€why€I€did€this.ÌÓÓÌAccording€to€Williamson,€the€appellant€refused€to€swear€that€the€statement€wasÏtrue€due€to€his€religious€beliefs.€€However,€he€did€state,€ð ðThis€did€happen€inÏHamblen€County,€Tennessee,€and€I€am€giving€the€statement€to€get€it€off€myÏconscience€and€to€help€[SAH].ðð€€Williamson€specifically€asked€the€appellantÏwhether€he€was€making€the€statement€ð ðso€[she]€would€leave€him€aloneðð€orÏbecause€it€was€the€truth.€€He€replied€that€the€statement€was€true.€€ÌÌÌà àWilliamson€testified€that,€prior€to€the€interview,€she€had€been€informedÏthat€the€appellant€had€suffered€heart€problems€in€the€past.€€Accordingly,€sheÏwas€ð ðconcerned€about€his€healthðð€and,€during€the€initial€interview,€obtained€aÏfan€for€the€interview€room€ð ðso€it€would€be€more€comfortable.ðð€€In€part,ÏWilliamsonððs€concern€for€the€appellantððs€comfort€precipitated€the€move€to€SheriffÍCharles€Longððs€office.ÌÌà àSheriff€Charles€Long€testified€that€he€knew€the€appellant,€because€heÏhad€investigated€the€vandalism€of€the€appellantððs€car.€€He€discovered€on€thatÏoccasion€that€the€vandalism€had€been€committed€by€the€appellantððs€daughter,ÏSAH.€€Sheriff€Long€stated€that,€on€September€24,€1992,€the€appellant€voluntarilyÏcame€to€his€office.€€The€Sheriff€advised€the€appellant€of€his€constitutional€rights.€ÏSheriff€Long€testified€that€the€appellant€denied€raping€his€daughter€and€wasÏconcerned€that€his€daughter€might€have€to€testify€in€court.€€The€appellant€was€inÏLongððs€office€for€less€than€one€hour€and€made€two€telephone€calls.€€The€first€callÏwas€made€to€the€appellantððs€wife.€€During€this€call,€the€appellant€indicated€thatÏhe€did€not€want€his€daughter€to€testify€in€court€and€that€ð ðhe€was€just€going€to€goÏahead€and€tell€about€it.ðð€€The€second€telephone€call€was€made€to€a€doctor€atÏCherokee€Mental€Health€Center.ÌÌà àMarsha€Anderson€testified€on€behalf€of€the€appellant€that€she€had€knownÏthe€Hyde€family€for€approximately€ten€years.€€She€baby„sat€SAH€when€SAH€wasÏtwo€or€three€years€old.€€At€that€time,€she€was€aware€that€SAH€suffered€fromÏconstipation€and€was€given€enemas.Ì€€Ìà àThe€appellant€also€introduced€the€testimony€of€Ron€Hagan,€an€assistantÏprincipal,€at€East€Ridge€Middle€School.€€Hagan€testified€that,€on€September€14,Í1992,€Edith€Hyde€signed€SAH€out€of€school.€€Edith€Hyde,€the€appellantððsÏmother,€testified€that,€on€September€14,€1992,€the€counselor€at€school€calledÏand€informed€her€that€her€granddaughter€had€a€fever.€€The€appellantððs€motherÏpicked€SAH€up€from€school€and€went€to€the€store.€€Subsequently,€she€and€SAHÏwent€to€her€home€where€SAH€lay€on€a€pallet€on€the€floor.€€The€appellant€arrivedÏshortly€thereafter.€€SAHððs€mother€arrived€later€that€afternoon.€€Edith€HydeÏtestified€that€her€son€was€never€alone€with€SAH.€€ÌÌà àJudy€Holt,€a€record€keeper€at€Hamblen€Pediatrics,€testified€that,Ïaccording€to€their€records,€SAH€visited€Hamblen€Pediatrics€at€approximatelyÏ3:00€p.m.€on€September€14,€1992,€and€was€treated€for€fever,€coughing,€andÏdifficulty€breathing€at€night.€€The€records€suggested€that€SAH€was€accompaniedÏby€a€parent.€€ÌÌà àAnn€Laws,€a€former€counselor/recruiter€with€Hamblen€County€AdultÏEducation€Program,€also€testified.€€She€stated€that,€in€August,€1988,€theÏappellant€spoke€with€her€and€indicated€that€he€had€dropped€out€of€school€in€theÏtenth€grade€and€needed€to€improve€his€basic€educational€level.€€SheÏadministered€certain€tests€and€determined€that€the€appellant€could€read€at€aÏsecond€grade€level.€€In€January,€1991,€the€appellant€was€administered€anotherÏseries€of€tests€to€assess€his€progress.€€The€appellantððs€vocabulary€skills€wereÏð ðpost„high€school.ðð€€His€level€of€reading€comprehension€was€ð ðthird€grade,Íseventh€month.ðð€€His€spelling€was€ð ðfirst€grade,€eighth€month.ðð€€His€ability€toÏperform€number€operations€was€ð ðthird€grade,€second€month.ðð€€Finally€hisÏproblem€solving€skills€were€ð ðeighth€grade,€ninth€month.ðð€€ÌÌà àJames€Turner€testified€that€he€had€known€the€appellant€for€ten€or€elevenÏyears,€and€that€the€appellant€had€a€reputation€in€the€community€for€truthfulness.€ÏCurtis€Howard€testified€that€he€had€known€the€appellant€for€approximately€thirtyÏyears,€and€that€the€appellant€had€a€reputation€in€the€community€for€truthfulness.€ÌÌà àThe€appellant€testified€that€he€was€fifty„one€years€old.€€He€wasÏunemployed€due€to€a€disability.€€He€had€experienced€several€heart€attacks€forÏwhich€he€had€been€placed€on€medication.€€At€the€time€of€the€trial,€he€was€takingÏmedication€for€his€nerves.€€His€doctor€was€Dr.€Bill€Conklin€at€Cherokee€MentalÏHealth€Center.€€The€appellant€had€been€seeing€Dr.€Conklin€since€1992.€€He€hadÏseen€other€doctors€at€the€facility€prior€to€1992.€€He€denied€giving€his€daughter€aÏcough€syrup€enema.€€Rather,€the€appellant€testified€that,€on€September€14,Ï1992,€while€SAH€was€at€school,€the€appellant€went€to€a€mechanic€in€order€toÏobtain€brake€pads€for€his€car.€€Afterwards,€he€went€to€his€motherððs€home.€€SAHÏwas€with€his€mother.€€His€mother€told€him€that€SAH€was€ill.€€He€then€went€to€theÏdrug€store€and€obtained€cough€syrup€and€childrenððs€Tylenol.€€The€appellantÏtestified€that,€later€that€day,€his€wife€might€have€taken€SAH€to€the€doctor.€€TheÏappellant€mowed€his€motherððs€yard.€€Again,€the€appellant€denied€having€anyÍsexual€contact€with€his€daughter,€claiming€that€he€loves€his€daughter.€€ÌÌà àThe€appellant€further€testified€that,€on€September€24,€1992,€he€agreed€toÏaccompany€Collingsworth€and€Williamson€to€the€justice€center.€€TheyÏquestioned€him€in€a€ð ðlittle€room.ðð€€He€remembered€being€advised€of€his€rightsÏand€signing€a€statement€indicating€that€he€did€not€want€an€attorney.€€However,Ïhe€stated,€ð ðI€was€in€kind€of€like€a€shock.€€I€mean,€I€had€never€had€any€troubleÏwith€the€law€before.ðð€€The€appellant€stated€that€he€remained€in€the€little€room€forÏð ða€long€time.ðð€€It€was€hot,€and€the€appellant€asserted€that€no€one€brought€a€fan.€ÏMoreover,€the€appellant€claims€that€he€never€received€crackers,€although€heÏwas€given€a€coke€at€some€point.€€€He€was€not€able€to€take€his€medication.€€HeÏnever€told€either€Collingsworth€or€Williamson€that€he€could€read€or€write.€ÏHowever,€they€did€read€his€statements€to€him€before€he€signed€the€statements.€€ÌÌà àThe€appellant€described€the€interview:ÌÓÓà8 àIt€was€real€intense.€...€I€remember€just€segments€in€there.€€After€theyÏstarted€calling€me€a€liar€and€all€that,€I€just€went€into€shock.€...€IÏwould€have€probably€signed€or€done€anything€to€get€out€of€there.€€IÏthought€I€was€going€to€get€out€of€the€office.€...€I€remember€thingsÏbeing€read€to€me.€€But€after€a€while,€it€all€run€together.ÌÓÓÌThe€appellant€further€stated€that€he€refused€to€swear€that€the€second€statementÏwas€true,€not€because€of€his€religious€convictions,€but€because€the€statementÏwas€not€true.ÌÌà àAdditionally,€the€appellant€testified€that,€prior€to€the€second€interview,€heÏmade€one€phone€call,€to€his€therapist,€Dr.€Conklin,€and€informed€him€that€heÏwould€be€unable€to€keep€his€appointment€that€day.€€The€appellant€stated€that€heÏonly€called€his€wife€following€his€arrest.€€Moreover,€according€to€the€appellant,Ïhe€never€admitted€his€guilt€during€any€conversation€with€his€wife.ÌÌà àOn€cross„examination,€the€appellant€conceded€that€he€had€performedÏvarious€jobs€prior€to€his€disability,€including€the€job€of€avionics€technician.€ÏMoreover,€he€was€required€to€take€certain€tests€in€order€to€qualify€for€certainÏjobs.€€The€State€introduced€multiple€choice€and€true/false€tests€that€theÏappellant€had€completed.€€The€appellant€claimed€that€the€questions€on€the€tests,Ïin€addition€to€being€written€on€the€test€form,€were€posed€orally.€€Moreover,€theÏappellant€testified€that€he€cheated€on€the€tests€in€order€to€perform€well.€€ÌÌà àIn€rebuttal,€Melissa€Thomas,€from€the€Department€of€Human€Services,Ïtestified€that€the€appellant€stated€to€her€on€June€7,€1993,€that,€although€he€hadÏdone€nothing€wrong,€he€had€given€his€daughter€an€enema.€€He€claimed€that€heÏwanted€to€receive€counseling€so€that€he€could€see€his€daughter€again.€ÏFollowing€Ms.€Thomasðð€testimony,€on€surrebuttal,€the€appellant€admitted€that€heÏhad€gone€to€see€Thomas€because€he€wanted€to€visit€SAH.€€However,€he€deniedÏadmitting€that€he€had€given€[SAH]€an€enema.ÌÌà àThe€jury€found€the€appellant€guilty€of€rape€of€a€child.€€On€July€30,€1993,Ïthe€trial€court€conducted€a€sentencing€hearing.€€The€trial€court€found€noÏmitigating€circumstances.€€With€respect€to€enhancement€factors,€the€trial€courtÏmade€the€following€findings:€the€victim€was€particularly€vulnerable€because€of€aÏmental€disability,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114€(4)€(1990);€the€personal€injuriesÏinflicted€upon€the€victim€were€particularly€great,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114Ï(6);€the€offense€was€committed€to€gratify€the€defendantððs€desire€for€pleasure€orÏexcitement,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114€(7);€the€appellant€abused€a€positionÏof€private€trust,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114€(15);€and€the€crime€wasÏcommitted€under€circumstances€under€which€the€potential€for€bodily€injury€wasÏgreat,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114€(16).€€At€the€conclusion€of€the€sentencingÏhearing,€the€trial€court€imposed€the€maximum€sentence€authorized€by€law.ÌÌà@ àò òòòII.€€Analysisó óóóÌò òa.€Prosecutorial€Misconductó óÌà àThe€appellant€contends€that€ð ðthe€prosecutorial€misconduct€in€this€caseÏwas€such€as€to€be€incurable€and€warrants€a€mistrial€and/or€reversal.ðð€ÏSpecifically,€the€appellant€cites€five€instances€of€misconduct.€€First,€during€voirÏdire,€the€district€attorney€general€asked€the€prospective€jurors€the€followingÏquestions:ÌÓÓÌà8 àHave€any€of€you€had€any€member€of€your€family€who€it€has€beenÏnecessary€to€have€hospitalized€in€a€state€mental€institution?ÌÌà8 àThatððs€a€strange€question,€but€our€victim€in€this€case€has€beenÏliving€in€a€state€mental€institution€for€the€past€„„€well,€since€OctoberÏof€ðð92.€€Would€the€fact€of€what€has€happened€to€this€child,€the€factÏthat€she€has€had€to€undergo€institutionalization€in€a€mentalÏhospital,€is€that€going€to€affect€you€all€in€such€a€way€that€youÏwouldnððt€be€able€to€listen€to€what€she€has€to€say€if€she€can€testify,Ïjust€that€fact€alone,€that€what€happened€to€her€placing€her€underÏsuch€stress€„„„€ÌÌÌÓÓDefense€counselððs€objection€was€sustained€by€the€trial€court.€€The€court€gaveÏthe€following€curative€instruction:€ð ðThe€State€has€to€prove€every€element€of€theÏoffense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€before€the€defendant€can€be€convicted.ðð€ÏMoreover,€defense€counsel€later€asked€prospective€jurors,€ð ðThe€attorneyÏgeneral€asked€the€question€before€an€objection€by€the€defendant€implying€thatÏperhaps€that€hospitalization€is€caused€by€some€event.€€Can€each€of€you€put€thatÏimplication€aside€and€make€the€state€even€prove€that?€€Can€you€do€that?ðð€€€TheÏrecord€indicates€that€the€prospective€jurors€responded€affirmatively.ÌÌà àSecond,€the€appellant€cites€the€conclusion€of€the€prosecutorððs€openingÏstatement€and€the€subsequent€exchange,€in€the€presence€of€the€jury,€betweenÏcounsel€and€the€trial€court:ÌÓÓGeneral€Bell:à8 àIf€SAH€is€able€to€testify€and€establish€the€other€twoÏevents€that€are€alleged€in€the€indictment,€we€wouldÏsubmit€and€ask€you€to€convict€him€on€all€threeÏindictments.€€If€she€canððt,€the€other€proof€„„€ThereððsÏgoing€to€be€some€questions€the€Judge€will€have€toÍrule€on€as€to€what€proof€we€can€get€in€the€case.ÌÌà8 àà8 àà8 àI€really€am€having€trouble€because€IÏdonððt€know€all€the€evidence€Iððm€going€toÏbe€able€to€put€before€you.€€But€at€theÏvery€least€the€first€count€of€theÏindictment€will€be€carried€in€this€caseÏand€it€will€be€based€upon€the€proof€IððveÏjust€given€you.€...ÌÌThe€Court:à8 àà8 àIððll€say€this.€€You€very€well€know€as€anÏofficer€of€this€Court€what€the€law€allowsÏto€come€into€evidence€and€what€itÏdoesnððt.ÌÌGeneral€Bell:à8 àI€certainly€do.ÌÌThe€Court:à8 àà8 àAnd€if€youððre€trying€to€„„„ÌÌGeneral€Bell:à8 àI€am€not,€your€Honor.ÌÌThe€Court:à8 àà8 à„„€make€it€look€like€it€depends€on€meÏwhether€you€get€it€in€the€case,€I€donððtÏlike€it€at€all.ÌÌGeneral€Bell:à8 àNo,€no,€no.€€I€didnððt€mean€that,€your€Honor.€€But€youÏrule€on€whether€„„„ÌÌThe€Court:à8 àà8 àI€just€have€to€do€what€the€law€requires.ÌÌGeneral€Bell:à8 àThatððs€exactly€right€your€Honor.€€I€should€say€if€IÏconvince€the€Court€of€the€applicable€law€that€allowsÏthe€evidence€in.ÌÌMr.€Eichelman:à8 àIððm€going€to€go€ahead€and€object.€€IÏmean€the€implication€is€that€somehow€ifÏnot€the€Court€then€the€defense€attorneyÏor€somebody€is€keeping€relevantÏevidence€away,€and€weððre€not.€Ì€ÌThe€Court:à8 àà8 àI€donððt€like€that€argument€at€all.€€I€justÍdonððt€like€it.ÌÌGeneral€Bell:à8 àIððm€sorry,€your€Honor.ÌÌThe€Court:à8 àà8 àAnd€itððs€improper€and€unethical€in€myÏopinion.ÌÌGeneral€Bell:à8 àI€didnððt€mean€to€do€that,€your€Honor.ÌÌÌÓÓIn€a€jury„out€hearing,€defense€counsel€moved€for€a€mistrial€on€the€basis€of€theÏprosecutorððs€remarks€during€voir€dire€and€his€remarks€during€his€openingÏstatement.€€The€trial€court€denied€defense€counselððs€motion€and€gave€theÏfollowing€curative€instruction€to€the€jury:ÌÓÓà8 àMembers€of€the€jury,€first,€I€want€to€apologize€for€you€for€being€aÏlittle€bit€intemperate€in€my€response€to€something€that€I€thoughtÏwas€highly€improper.€€And€Iððve€apologized€to€Mr.€Bell€also.€€Mr.€BellÏis€a€good€lawyer€and€Mr.€Eichelman€is€a€good€lawyer;€Mr.€DuggerÏand€Mr.€Mattocks€all€are.€€And€we€all€work€together€day€after€dayÏafter€day.ÌÌà8 àSo€we€understand€each€other,€I€guess,€more€than€you€might€thinkÏfrom€looking€at€it.€€But€what€Mr.€Bell€told€you€was€not€proper€and€IÏthink€you€can€understand€that€a€lawyer€canððt€leave€an€inferenceÏwith€you€that€thereððs€a€lot€of€evidence€out€there€if€they€could€justÏget€it€in.€€And€thatððs€something€you€canððt€consider.€€You€donððt€knowÏwhat€it€is.€€I€donððt€know€what€it€is.ÌÌà8 àBut€we€all€have€to€follow€very€closely€rules€of€law.€€And€the€rules€ofÏlaw€about€admitting€evidence€are€there€for€a€good€reason.€€YouÏjust€canððt€have€innuendos€and€insinuations€and€what€somebodyÏsaid€somebody€said€that€somebody€said€and€things€like€that.€€YouÏunderstand€the€unreliability€of€certain€kinds€of€evidence€and€whyÏthe€law€says€it€canððt€come€in.ÌÌà8 àI€donððt€yet€even€know€what€might€be€offered€but€just€anticipateÏthere€could€be€evidence€that€couldnððt€get€in€and€to€tell€you€thereÍmight€be€evidence€that€they€canððt€get€in.€€It€may€or€may€not€get€in.€€IÏdonððt€know€until€I€have€an€opportunity€to€see€it.€€ÌÌà8 àBut€it€is€not€proper€or€appropriate€to€be€told€that€or€for€you€to€evenÏconsider€that.€€The€only€thing€you€can€decide€any€case€on€„„€and€IÏhope€you€understand€that€after€your€service€as€a€juror€„„€is€theÏactual€evidence,€the€sworn€testimony€that€comes€from€the€witnessÏstand€and€the€law€that€I€give€you.ÌÌà8 àDoes€anybody€have€any€problem€with€that?€€Do€any€of€youÏbecause€of€any€statements€that€have€been€made€this€morning€„„ÏWill€any€of€you€have€any€problem€with€being€fair€to€both€sides€ofÏthis€case?€€If€anyone€has,€would€you€raise€your€hand?€€Can€you€allÏ„„€Do€this€for€me.€€If€you€can€all€decide€this€case€solely€and€aloneÏon€the€evidence€thatððs€presented€here€at€the€trial€and€the€law€I€giveÏyou,€will€you€raise€your€hand,€please?ÌÌà8 àLet€the€record€show€all€twelve€jurors€are€present€and€each€raisedÏtheir€hand.€€Thank€you€very€much.€...Ìà8 àÌà8 àAnd€again€„„€Let€me€say€one€other€thing.€€I€donððt€want,€by€what€IÏsaid,€to€prejudice€you€unnecessarily€against€Mr.€Bell€whoððs€doingÏhis€job.€€In€his€frustration€I€think€he€said€those€things€and€itððs€myÏopinion€he€did€not€intend€to€do€anything€improperly.€€If€I€thought€heÏdid,€I€would€be€taking€a€different€action,€but€I€donððt€think€heÏintended€to.€€Itððs€his€job€to€present€his€case€as€well€as€he€can.€€ItððsÏMr.€Eichelmanððs€job€to€present€his€case€as€well€as€he€can.€€And€IÏwould€fuss€at€any€lawyer€that€would€just€sit€mealymouthed€and€notÏvigorously€and€as€an€advocate€present€their€case€as€long€as€theyÏdo€it€properly€and€ethically.€€All€right.€€ÌÓÓÌà àThird,€the€appellant€argues€that€the€prosecutor€improperly€indulged€inÏð ðtheatricsðð€when€he€unsuccessfully€attempted€to€call€SAH€to€the€stand€on€threeÏseparate€occasions.× ƒ0 ××  ×€€€Following€the€second€attempt,€defense€counselÍrequested€a€bench€conference€and€objected.€€Noting€that€ð ðitððs€obviously€notÏcontrived,ðð€the€court€overruled€the€objection.€€€€Following€the€third€attempt,€theÏcourt€stated€to€the€jury,ÌÓÓà8 àMembers€of€the€jury,€I€am€somewhat€concerned€that€the€calling€ofÏ[SAH]€and€subsequent€problems€with€her€coming€may€have€anÏadverse€impact€on€you€that€could€result€in€unfairness€toÏsomebody.€€Please€donððt€let€that€happen.€€Just€understand€theÏtestimony€you€have€„„€This€is€a€young€lady€with€a€problem.ÌÌÌÓÓThe€fourth€time,€SAH€took€the€stand€but€refused€to€answer€the€prosecutorððsÏquestions.€€Following€this€incident,€defense€counsel€requested€a€benchÏconference.€€The€court€denied€counselððs€request,€observing,€ð ðI€think€youððre€inÏthe€record€as€much€as€you€need€to€be€in€the€record,€anyway.ðð€€ÌÌà àFourth,€the€appellant€argues€that,€on€several€occasions,€the€districtÏattorney€general€improperly€attempted€to€elicit€hearsay€from€various€witnesses.€ÏAccordingly,€the€appellant€contends,€defense€counsel€was€forced€to€object,Ïalbeit€successfully,€an€excessive€number€of€times,€thereby€enhancing€theÏimpression,€created€by€the€prosecutorððs€earlier€misconduct,€ð ðthat€the€jury€wasÏnot€hearing€all€of€the€facts.ððÌÌà àFinally,€the€appellant€argues€that€the€State€improperly€included€countsÏtwo€and€three€in€the€indictment.€€The€appellant€asserts€that€the€State€shouldÏhave€known€that€SAH€would€be€unable€to€testify€and€that,€therefore,€the€StateÍcould€not€carry€its€burden€of€proof€with€respect€to€counts€two€and€three.€ÏMoreover,€the€appellant€contends€that€ð ðit€was€grossly€misleading€for€theÏAttorney€General€to€imply€that€the€second€and€third€counts€would€have€to€beÏdismissed€for€failure€to€prove€the€time€elementðð€when,€in€fact,€the€State€had€notÏproven€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€any€element€of€the€second€and€third€counts.€€ÌÌà àFollowing€the€presentation€of€the€Stateððs€proof€and€the€dismissal€ofÏcounts€two€and€three€of€the€indictment,€defense€counsel€again€moved€for€aÏmistrial.€€This€motion€and€the€motion€for€a€judgment€of€acquittal€were€denied.€ÏNevertheless,€the€trial€court€instructed€the€jury€in€the€following€manner:ÌÓÓà8 àPlease€be€careful€not€to€infer€that€there€is€something€you€shouldÏknow€that€you€havenððt€heard€because€you€can€...€only€base€yourÏdecision€or€your€verdict€on€the€evidence€that€you€hear€in€theÏcourtroom€and€the€law€I€give€you€and€nothing€else;€and€please€doÏnot€let€anything€else€come€into€your€deliberations€in€any€way.€ÏYouððve€told€me€you€could€do€that€and€I€think€you€can.€€ÌÌà8 àAnd,€secondly,€because€of€the€difficulties€that€we€had€with€theÏyoung€girl€and€her€testimony,€please€donððt€let€any€sympathy€for€herÏcontrol€your€deliberations.€€Jury€verdicts€canððt€be€based€onÏsympathy.€€They€have€to€be€based€on€the€law€and€the€evidence€inÏthe€case.€€ÌÌÓÓAt€the€conclusion€of€the€trial,€the€trial€court€again€instructed€the€jury:ÌÓÓà8 àPlease€remember€that€you€cannot€infer€from€statements€of€lawyersÏor€failure€of€a€witness€to€testify€that€there€is€other€evidence€in€theÏcase.€€The€only€evidence€you€can€consider€for€any€purpose€is€œthatÏthat›€you€have€heard€from€witnesses€who€were€sworn€and€whoÏtestified.€€ÌÌà8 àAlso,€you€are€reminded€you€cannot€let€sympathy€for€the€allegedÍvictim€be€part€of€your€deliberations.€€The€case€must€be€decidedÏonly€on€the€law€and€the€evidence.ÌÓÓÌà àIn€essence,€the€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€should€haveÏdeclared€a€mistrial.€€Generally,€the€trial€judge€is€given€wide€discretion€inÏcontrolling€the€conduct€of€counsel.€€òòHunter€v.€Stateóó,€440€S.W.2d€1,€15€(Tenn.Ï1969).€€To€sustain€an€assignment€of€error€regarding€this€subject,€it€is€necessaryÏthat€an€abuse€of€discretion€be€shown.€€òòIdóó.€€The€test€to€be€applied€by€theÏappellate€courts€in€reviewing€instances€of€prosecutorial€misconduct€is€ð ðwhetherÏthe€improper€conduct€could€have€affected€the€verdict€to€the€prejudice€of€theÏdefendant.ðð€€òòHarrington€v.€Stateóó,€385€S.W.2d€758,€759€(Tenn.€1965).€€In€òòJudge€v.ÏStateóó,€539€S.W.2d€340,€344€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1976),€this€court€set€forth€fiveÏfactors€that€should€be€considered€in€making€this€determination:ÌÓÓà8 à(1)à8 àThe€conduct€complained€of€viewed€in€context€and€inÏlight€of€the€facts€and€circumstances€of€the€case.Ìà8 à(2)à8 àThe€curative€measures€undertaken€by€the€court€andÏthe€prosecution.Ìà8 à(3)à8 àThe€intent€of€the€prosecutor€in€making€the€statement.Ìà8 à(4)à8 àThe€cumulative€effect€of€the€improper€conduct€andÏany€other€errors€in€the€record.Ìà8 à(5)à8 àThe€relative€strength€or€weakness€of€the€case.ÌÌÓÓOur€Supreme€Court€approved€these€factors€in€òòState€v.€Buckóó,€670€S.W.2d€600,Ï609€(Tenn.€1984).ÌÌà àPursuant€to€these€guidelines€and€following€a€thorough€review€of€theÏrecord,€we€conclude€that€the€prosecutorððs€conduct€was€not€so€inflammatory€orÍimproper€as€to€affect€the€verdict.€€First,€the€trial€court€gave€numerous€curativeÏinstructions€to€the€jury.œ× ƒ1 ××  ×›€€Although€rebuttable,€there€is€a€presumption€that€a€juryÏfollows€the€trial€courtððs€instructions.€€òòState€v.€Vanzantóó,€659€S.W.2d€816,€819Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1983).€€Second,€the€trial€court€noted€on€two€separateÏoccasions€that€the€prosecutorððs€conduct,€to€the€extent€that€it€constituted€error,Ïwas€not€intentional.€€For€example,€the€Stateððs€prosecution€of€counts€two€andÏthree€of€the€indictment€was€supported€by€probable€cause.€€òòSeeóó€òòWayte€v.€UnitedÏStatesóó,€470€U.S.€598,€607,€105€S.Ct.€1524,€1530€(1985)(citing€òòBordenkircher€v.ÏHayesóó,€434€U.S.€357,€364,€98€S.Ct.€663,€668€(1978))(ð ðSo€long€as€the€prosecutorÏhas€probable€cause€to€believe€that€the€accused€committed€an€offense€definedÏby€the€statute,€the€decisions€whether€or€not€to€prosecute,€and€what€charge€to€fileÏor€bring€before€a€grand€jury,€generally€rests€entirely€in€[the€prosecutorððs]Ïdiscretionðð).€€Finally,€contrary€to€the€appellantððs€assertion,€the€evidenceÏsupporting€the€appellantððs€conviction€is€substantial.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌò òb.€€The€Appellantððs€Statements€to€Investigatorsó óÌà àOn€January€9,€1993,€the€trial€court€conducted€a€preliminary€hearing€toÏdetermine€the€admissibility€of€the€appellantððs€statements€to€InvestigatorsÏWilliamson€and€Collingsworth€on€September€24,€1992.€€The€appellant€contendsÍthat€he€did€not€knowingly,€intelligently,€and€voluntarilyò ò€ó órelinquish€his€privilegeÏagainst€self„incrimination€and€his€right€to€counsel.€€At€the€hearing,€the€appellantÏintroduced€no€evidence.€€The€State€introduced€the€testimony€of€InvestigatorsÏWilliamson€and€Collingsworth€and€Sheriff€Long.€€At€the€conclusion€of€theÏhearing,€the€trial€court€made€the€following€findings:ÌÓÓà8 àThis€interview,€interrogation,€doesnððt€feel€in€any€way,€viewing€theÏtotality€of€circumstances,€like€a€violation€of€the€defendantððsÏconstitutional€rights.€€It€appears€in€all€respects€to€be€voluntary.€ÏThere€are€always€some€problems€involved,€whether€itððs€length€ofÏtime€or€soberness,€sobriety,€of€the€defendantò ò,€ó óor€the€way€questionsÏare€asked,€whether€there€was€a€question€of€force€or€coercion.€ÏHere,€no€one,€I€think,€questions€the€fact€the€defendant€was€treatedÏhumanely€and€courteously€during€his€interrogation.€€Itððs€mainlyÏalleged€it€was€the€circumstances€that€coerced€him.€€ÌÌà8 àHowever,€the€real€facts€belie€that€assertion.€€He€voluntarily€came€„„Ïto€the€interview.€€He€was€advised€fully€and€completely€of€hisÏòòMirandaóó€rights.€€Itððs€clear€he€understood€them.€€Itððs€clear€that€heÏwaived€them.€€The€time€is€not€excessive.€€The€conditions€are€notÏcoercive.€€He€was€allowed€to€make€a€phone€call.€€He€did€call.€€ÌÌà8 àAnd€I€think€any€court€would€hold€from€those€facts€andÏcircumstances€that€the€statements€were€not€the€result€of€coercionÏor€promises,€that€he€was€sober€and€rational€at€the€time€and€that€heÏunderstood€his€rights.€€He€made€a€voluntary€and€effective€waiverÏand€his€statement€was€voluntarily,€intelligently,€andÏunderstandably€made.€€ÌÌÓÓÌà àAt€an€evidentiary€hearing,€the€State€has€the€burden€of€demonstrating€by€aÏpreponderance€of€the€evidence€that€the€appellantððs€statements€were€voluntary,Ïknowing,€and€intelligent.€€òòState€v.€Kellyóó,€603€S.W.2d€726,€728€(Tenn.€1980).€ÏHowever,€on€appeal,€if€an€appellant€has€been€afforded€an€evidentiary€hearingÍon€the€merits€of€a€motion€to€suppress€a€statement€given€to€law€enforcementÏofficials,€the€factual€findings€of€the€trial€court€have€the€weight€of€a€jury€verdict.€ÏòòState€v.€Makokaóó,€885€S.W.2d€366,€371€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperm.€to€appealÏdeniedóó,€(Tenn.€1994).€€Consequently,€the€trial€courtððs€ruling€in€a€suppressionÏhearing€is€presumed€correct€unless€the€evidence€in€the€record€preponderatesÏagainst€it.€€òòState€v.€Stephensonóó,€878€S.W.2d€530,€544€(Tenn.€1994).€€TheÏdefendant€has€the€burden€of€showing€that€the€evidence€preponderates€againstÏa€finding€that€a€confession€was,€in€fact,€knowingly€and€voluntarily€given.€€òòState€v.ÏNakdimenóó,€735€S.W.2d€799,€800€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€ÌÌà àIt€is€undisputed€that€the€appellant€was€advised€of€his€òòMirandaóó€rightsÏbefore€making€the€statements€to€the€investigators€in€this€case.€€Additionally,€theÏappellant€signed€written€waivers€of€his€constitutional€rights.€€He€raised€noÏquestions€about€the€waivers.€Nothing€in€the€record€indicates€that€he€asked€forÏan€attorney€or€that€he€announced€an€intent€to€remain€silent€after€the€waiversÏwere€signed.€€Nevertheless,€the€appellant€challenges€the€validity€of€the€waivers.€€ÌÌà àThe€right€to€counsel€and€the€right€against€self„incrimination€may€beÏwaived,€provided€the€waiver€is€made€ð ðvoluntarily,€knowingly,€and€intelligently.ðð€ÏòòState€v.€Middlebrooksóó,€840€S.W.2d€317,€326€(Tenn.€1992)(citing€òòMiranda€v.ÏArizonaóó,€384€U.S.€436,€444,€86€S.Ct.€1602,€1612€(1966)).€€ÌÓÓà8 àThe€relinquishment€of€the€right€must€be€voluntary€in€the€sense€thatÍit€is€the€product€of€a€free€and€deliberate€choice€rather€than€theÏproduct€of€intimidation,€coercion,€or€deception.€€Moreover,€theÏwaiver€must€be€made€with€full€awareness€of€both€the€nature€of€theÏright€being€abandoned€and€the€consequences€of€the€decision€toÏabandon€it.ÌÌÓÓòòStephensonóó,€878€S.W.2d€at€544„545.€€In€determining€whether€the€statement€hasÏbeen€made€knowingly€and€voluntarily,€the€court€must€look€to€the€totality€of€theÏcircumstances.€€òòMiddlebrooksóó,€840€S.W.2d€at€326€(citations€omitted).ÌÌà àThe€appellant€argues€that€his€lack€of€education€and€his€limited€mentalÏabilities€combined€with€coercive€circumstances€precluded€a€voluntary,€knowing,Ïand€intelligent€waiver€of€his€rights.€€Initially,€this€court€has€held€that€ð ð[m]entalÏincapacity€which€does€not€render€one€incompetent€to€be€a€witness€does€notÏrender€his€confession€incompetent.ðð€€òòState€v.€Greenóó,€613€S.W.2d€229,€233Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1980).€€In€other€words,€mental€unsoundness€does€not€renderÏa€confession€invalid€if€the€evidence€shows€that€the€confessor€was€capable€ofÏunderstanding€and€waiving€his€or€her€rights.€€òòState€v.€Bellóó,€690€S.W.2d€879,€882Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1985).€€All€that€is€required€isÏthat€the€defendant€understand€his€or€her€rights€and€be€capable€of€making€aÏnarrative€of€past€events.€€òòState€v.€Rossóó,€No.€03C01„9404„CR„00153€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€June€15,€1995).€€Although€the€record€contains€evidenceÏthat€the€appellant€had€a€limited€education€and€was€undergoing€treatment€forÏð ðnerves,ðð€there€is€virtually€no€evidence€in€the€record€to€indicate€that€theÍappellant€was€not€mentally€competent€to€waive€his€rights.ÌÌà àHowever,€the€appellant€also€argues€that€the€atmosphere€in€which€hisÏstatements€were€elicited€was€unduly€coercive€and€precluded€a€voluntary€waiverÏof€his€rights.€€This€court€has€observed€thatÌÓÓà8 à[i]n€Tennessee,€it,€likewise,€appears€that€police€conduct€may€beÏdeemed€coercive€in€the€context€of€a€mentally€unsound€defendant,Ïwhen€such€conduct€would€otherwise€be€viewed€appropriate€underÏnormal€circumstances.ÌÌÓÓòòState€v.€Woodingóó,€No.€1177€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€November€15,Ï1990).€€Again,€there€is€no€evidence€in€the€record€that€the€defendant€is€mentallyÏunsound.€€Moreover,€our€examination€of€the€totality€of€the€circumstancesÏsurrounding€this€interview€reveals€a€lack€of€intimidation,€coercion,€or€deception.€ÏRather,€the€record€reflects€that€the€appellantððs€relinquishment€of€his€rights€wasÏthe€result€of€the€appellantððs€free€and€deliberate€choice.€€The€evidence€in€theÏrecord€does€not€preponderate€against€the€trial€courtððs€findings.€€Accordingly,€weÏuphold€the€admission€of€the€appellantððs€statements.ÌÌò òc.€€The€Victimððs€Statements€to€Examining€Physiciansó óÌà àFollowing€an€examination€of€the€record,€we€conclude€that€the€testimonyÏof€Dr.€Jones€and€Dr.€Lynn€was€admissible€under€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€803(4).œ× ƒ2 ××  ×›€€TheÍrecord€clearly€indicates€that€the€declarantððs€(the€victimððs)€statements€were€madeÏto€medical€doctors€for€the€purposes€of€diagnosis€and€treatment.€€Contrary€to€theÏappellantððs€assertion€in€his€brief,€the€fact€that€treatment€was€not€given€does€notÏbar€the€use€of€this€hearsay€exception€as€long€as€the€statements€were€made€forÏthe€proper€òòpurposesóó.€€Cohen,€Sheppeard,€Paine,€òòTennessee€Law€of€EvidenceóóÏ(1995)€ðð€803(4).2,€p.€550.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Edwardóó,€868€S.W.2d€682,€699€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1993);€òòState€v.€McLeodóó,€No.€01C01„9103„CR„00091€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€September€9,€1993).€€OurÏsupreme€court€has€explained€the€rationale€underlying€this€exception€to€theÍhearsay€rule:ÌÓÓà8 à[T]he€declarantððs€motive€of€obtaining€improved€health€increasesÏthe€statementððs€reliability€and€trustworthiness.€€This€motivation€isÏconsidered€stronger€than€the€motivation€to€lie€or€shade€the€truth.€€ÌÌÓÓòòState€v.€Baroneóó,€852€S.W.2d€216,€220€(Tenn.€1993).€€Thus,€the€pertinent€inquiryÏis€whether€the€declarant€has€a€self„interested€motive€to€tell€the€truth.€€òòMcLeodóó,ÏNo.€01C01„9103„CR„00091.€€ÌÌà àThis€court€has€previously€noted€that€our€supreme€courtððs€decision€inÏòòBaroneóó,€852€S.W.2d€at€219„220,€distinguished€between€statements€made€inÏorder€to€obtain€diagnosis€and€treatment€of€medical€or€physical€problems€andÏstatements€made€in€order€to€obtain€diagnosis€and€treatment€of€psychological€orÏmental€problems.€€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€920€S.W.2d€247,€256€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1995),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€1996).€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Hunteróó,€No.Ï01C01„9410„CR„00335€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€October€25,€1995),Ïòòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€€1996).€€We€observed€that,€when€a€patient€seeksÏdiagnosis€and€treatment€of€a€psychological€or€mental€problem,€the€declarantÏmight€not€feel€the€same€necessity€to€speak€truthfully.€€òòIdóó.€€However,€in€the€instantÏcase,€the€statements€were€clearly€made€in€the€context€of€a€physical€examinationÏof€the€victim€for€the€purposes€of€medical€diagnosis€and€treatment.€€The€fact€thatÏthe€information€obtained€might€have€been€subsequently€used€in€aÏpsychological€context€did€not€foreclose€the€introduction€of€the€statements€underÍRule€803(4).€€Thus,€this€court€has€held,€ð ð[S]tatements€made€by€a€child€abuseÏvictim€to€a€physician€during€an€examination€that€the€abuser€is€a€member€of€theÏvictimððs€immediate€household€are€reasonably€pertinent€to€treatment€and€may€beÏadmitted€into€evidence.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ruckeróó,€847€S.W.2d€512,€519€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1992).€€This€court€cited€two€reasons€for€this€rule:ÌÓÓà8 à(1)à8 àPhysicians€must€be€attentive€to€treating€òòboth€theÏphysical€injuries€and€the€emotional€andÏpsychological€injuriesóó€which€accompany€child€abuse,Ïand€the€nature€and€extent€of€psychological€problemsÏwill€often€depend€upon€the€identity€of€the€abuser.Ìà8 à(2)à8 àMoreover,€physicians€have€an€obligation€to€preventÏan€abused€child€from€being€returned€to€anÏenvironment€in€which€she€cannot€be€protected€fromÏrecurrent€abuse.ÌÌÓÓ(citing€òòUnited€States€v.€Renvilleóó,€779€F.2d€430,€437„438€(8th€Cir.Ï1985))(emphasis€added).€€Our€supreme€court,€in€òòState€v.€Livingstonóó,€907ÏS.W.2d€392,€397€(Tenn.€1995),€adopted€the€reasoning€set€forth€in€òòRuckeróó.€€ÌÌà àMoreover,€it€is€clear€from€the€record€that€the€child€understood€the€natureÏof€the€examination€and€the€importance€of€responding€to€the€doctorððs€questionsÏtruthfully.€€òòState€v.€Purvisóó,€No.€02C01„9412„CC„00278€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€atÏJackson,€September€20,€1995);€òòState€v.€Friersonóó,€No.€01C01„9112„CC„00357Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€July€22,€1993),€òòperm.€to€appeal€denied,Ïconcurring€in€results€onlyóó,€(Tenn.€1995).€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòLivingstonóó,€907€S.W.2d€atÏ396.€€First,€the€victim€clearly€had,€on€multiple€occasions€in€the€past,€consultedÍmedical€doctors€for€both€physical€and€psychological€treatment.€€Moreover,€theÏexaminations€by€Dr.€Jones€and€Dr.€Lynn€occurred€in€a€setting€that€was€clearlyÏintended€for€the€diagnosis€and€treatment€of€any€physical€ailments.€€Dr.€JonesððÏexamination€occurred€in€the€emergency€room€at€the€East€Tennessee€ChildrenððsÏHospital.€The€examination€was€a€full€physical€examination.€€Dr.€Jonesðð€testifiedÏthat€she€discussed€with€the€victim€why€she€had€been€sent€to€the€emergencyÏroom€and€what€the€examination€would€entail,€including€cultures€for€the€purposeÏof€determining€the€presence€of€venereal€disease.€€€Dr.€Lynn€also€testified€thatÏshe€was€not€SAHððs€attending€psychiatrist,€and€she€conducted€a€completeÏphysical€examination€of€SAH.€€ÌÌà àNevertheless,€because€the€victim€did€not€testify,€the€appellant€suggestsÏthat€his€right€under€the€Sixth€Amendment€to€the€Constitution€of€the€United€StatesÏand€Article€I,€Section€9€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution€to€cross„examine€andÏconfront€witnesses€is€implicated€by€the€admission€of€the€victimððs€statements€toÏthe€medical€doctors.€€However,€in€òòWhite€v.€Illinoisóó,€502€U.S.€346,€112€S.Ct.€736Ï(1992),€the€Supreme€Court€of€the€United€States€addressed€a€factual€situationÏsimilar€to€that€in€the€instant€case.× ƒ3 ××  ×€€The€defendant€in€òòWhiteóó€was€charged€withÍsexual€assault€upon€a€minor€female.€€òòIdóó.€at€349„350,€739.€€The€victim€gaveÏcertain€statements€to€an€emergency€room€nurse€and€a€doctor€for€purposes€ofÏmedical€diagnosis€and€treatment.€€òòIdóó.€€The€minor€victim€never€testified€at€trial.€Ïð ðThe€state€attempted€on€two€occasions€to€call€her€as€a€witness,€but€sheÏapparently€experienced€emotional€difficulty€on€being€brought€to€the€courtroomÏand€in€each€instance€left€without€testifying.ðð€€òòIdóó.€The€statements€made€to€medicalÏpersonnel€implicating€the€defendant€White€were€admitted€into€evidence.ò ò€€ó óTheÏSupreme€Court€held€that€ð ðwhere€proffered€hearsay€has€sufficient€guarantees€ofÏreliability€to€come€within€a€firmly€rooted€exception€to€the€hearsay€rule,€theÏConfrontation€Clause€is€satisfied.€òòIdóó.€at€356,€743.ò òÌÌà àó óThe€appellantððs€citation€to€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€598€S.W.2d€830€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1980),€is€similarly€misguided.€€òòWilliamsóó€clearly€addressed€fresh€complaintÏtestimony.€€òòIdóó.€at€832.€€This€court€observed€thatÌÓÓà8 àa€witness€who€has€received€a€fresh€complaintò ò€ó ófrom€the€victim€...Ïshould€be€allowed€to€testify€such€a€complaint€was€made.€ÏHowever,€we€do€not€agree€a€witness€should€be€allowed€to€giveÏdetails€of€the€complaint€when€the€victim€does€not€testify.€€ò òÌÌÓÓó óòòIdóó.€€In€òòLivingstonóó,€907€S.W.2d€at€395,€our€supreme€court,€while€eliminating€theÏdoctrine€of€fresh€complaint€in€cases€involving€child€victims,€noted€that€ð ðevidenceÍin€the€nature€of€fresh€complaint€may€be€admissible€if€it€satisfies€some€hearsayÏexception.ðð€€We€have€already€concluded€that€the€statements€of€the€victim€in€thisÏcase€fall€within€the€purview€of€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€803(4).ò òÌÌd.€€Sufficiency€of€the€Evidenceó óÌà àThe€appellant€also€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€supportingÏhis€conviction.€€A€jury€conviction€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€withÏwhich€a€defendant€is€initially€cloaked€and€replaces€it€with€one€of€guilt,€so€that€onÏappeal€a€convicted€defendant€has€the€burden€of€demonstrating€that€theÏevidence€is€insufficient.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€ÏThe€defendant€must€establish€that€the€evidence€presented€at€trial€was€soÏdeficient€that€no€"reasonable€trier€of€fact"€could€have€found€the€essentialÏelements€of€the€offense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443ÏU.S.€307,€319,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979);€€òòState€v.€Cazesóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,Ï259€(Tenn.€1994),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€òò€€€óó€U.S.€òò€€€óó,€115€S.Ct.€743€(1995);€€Tenn.€R.€App.ÏP.€13(e).ÌÌà àMoreover,€an€appellate€court€may€neither€reweigh€nor€reevaluate€theÏevidence€when€determining€its€sufficiency.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,Ï835€(Tenn.€1978).€€"A€jury€verdict€approved€by€the€trial€judge€accredits€theÏtestimony€of€the€witnesses€for€the€State€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€theÏState's€theory."€€€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€657€S.W.2d€405,€410€(Tenn.€1983),€òòcert.Ídeniedóó,€465€U.S.€1073,€104€S.Ct.€1429€(1984).€€The€state€is€entitled€to€theÏstrongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€inferences€whichÏmay€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòId.óó€€òòSee€alsoóó€€òòState€v.€Harrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€54,€75Ï(Tenn.€1992),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€507€U.S.€954,€113€S.Ct.€1368€(1993).ò òÌÌà àó óThe€appellant€was€convicted€of€rape€of€a€child.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„522.€€In€order€to€convict€a€defendant€under€this€statute,€a€jury€must€find€(1)Ïunlawful€sexual€penetration€of€a€victim€by€the€defendant,€and€(2)ò ò€ó óthe€victim€wasÏless€than€thirteen€years€old.€€Having€thoroughly€reviewed€the€record,€weÏconclude€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€establish€the€elements€of€theÏoffense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ò ò€€ó óSpecifically,€the€appellantððs€admissions€toÏvarious€individualsò ò€ó óand€the€medical€testimony€amply€support€the€verdict.ò òÌÌe.€€The€Special€Jury€Instructionó óÌà àThe€appellant€next€asserts€that€the€trial€court€should€have€instructed€theÏjury€that€the€appellant€would€be€required,€if€convicted,€to€serve€his€entireÏsentence.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„523€(1994€Supp.).€€When€a€trial€courtððsÏinstructions€correctly€charge€the€applicable€law,€the€court€does€not€err€byÏrefusing€special€requests.€€òòTillery€v.€Stateóó,€565€S.W.2d€509,€511€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1978).ò ò€€ó óOur€supreme€court€in€òòState€v.€Cookóó,€816€S.W.2d€322,€327€(Tenn.Ï1991),€observed€that,€in€enacting€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„201(b)€(1990),€theÏlegislature€ð ðsaid€that€where€a€defendant€wants€his€trial€jury€to€know€the€range€ofÍpossible€punishments€resulting€from€convictions€that€he€is€entitled€to€have€thatÏinformation€conveyed€to€the€jury.ðð€€However,€in€the€instant€case,€the€trial€courtÏinstructed€the€jury€that€the€appellant,€if€convicted,€could€receive€a€sentenceÏð ðfrom€a€minimum€of€fifteen€years€to€a€maximum€of€twenty„five€years.ðð€€Rape€of€aÏchild€is€a€class€A€felony.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„522(b).€€Accordingly,€as€aÏstandard,€range€1€offender,€the€appellant€was€subject€to€a€sentence€rangingÏfrom€fifteen€to€twenty„five€years.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„112€(a)(1)€(1990).€€ÌÌà àIn€1994,€the€legislature€amended€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„201(b)€toÏinclude€the€following€language:ÌÓÓà8 àWhen€a€charge€as€to€possible€penalties€has€been€requested€...€,Ïthe€judge€shall€also€include€in€the€instructions€for€the€jury€to€weighÏand€consider€the€meaning€of€a€sentence€of€imprisonment€for€theÏoffense€charged€and€any€lesser€included€offenses.€€SuchÏinstruction€shall€include€an€approximate€calculation€of€theÏminimum€number€of€years€a€person€sentenced€to€imprisonment€...Ïmust€serve€before€reaching€that€such€personððs€earliest€releaseÏeligibility€date.ÌÌÓÓThe€effective€date€of€the€amendment€was€July€1,€1994.€€The€appellantÏcommitted€the€crime€for€which€he€was€convicted€on€September€14,€1992.€€Thus,Ïthis€provision€is€inapplicable€to€the€instant€case.€€This€issue€is€meritless.ò òÌÌf.€€Sentencing€ó óÌà àFinally,€the€appellant€argues€that€his€sentence€is€excessive.€€Review€byÏthis€court€of€the€length€of€a€sentence€is€òòde€novoóó€with€a€presumption€that€theÍdetermination€made€by€the€trial€court€is€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)€(1990).€€Thus,€the€appellant€bears€the€burden€of€showing€that€hisÏsentence€is€improper.€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€€TheÏpresumption€of€correctness,€however,€only€applies€if€the€record€demonstratesÏthat€the€trial€court€properly€considered€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevantÏfacts€and€circumstances.€€òòIdóó.€€For€reasons€subsequently€discussed€in€thisÏopinion,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€court€applied€inappropriate€sentencingÏconsiderations.€€Therefore,€we€do€not€defer€to€its€sentencing€determination.à àÌà àIn€conducting€a€de€novo€review€of€the€appellantððs€sentence,€we€mustÏconsider€the€following€factors:ÌÒ ` ÒÒ ` ÒÓÓ1.€€The€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€theÏsentencing€hearing;Ì2.€€The€presentence€report;Ì3.€€The€principles€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€toÏsentencing€alternatives;Ì4.€€The€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conductÏinvolved;Ì5.€€Evidence€and€information€offered€by€the€parties€on€theÏenhancement€and€mitigating€factors€in€ðððð€40„35„113€andÏ40„35„114;€andÌ6.€€Any€statement€the€defendant€wishes€to€make€in€his€ownÏbehalf€about€sentencing.€€ÓÓÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(b)(1990).€€GeneralÏprinciples€of€sentencing€are€the€potential€or€lack€of€potential€for€rehabilitation;€Ïthe€imposition€of€a€sentence€no€greater€than€that€warranted€by€the€offense;€€theÏimposition€of€the€least€severe€measure€necessary€to€achieve€the€purposes€forÏwhich€the€sentence€is€imposed;€€and€the€availability€of€alternatives€toÏincarceration.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„103(2)„(6)(1990).ÌÌà àThe€appellant€received€a€maximum€sentence€of€twenty„five€years.€ÏGenerally,€the€presumptive€sentence€is€the€minimum€sentence€in€the€range.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(c)€(1990).× ƒ4 ××  ×€€However,€if€there€are€enhancementÏfactors,€but€no€mitigating€factors,€then€a€court€may€impose€a€sentence€above€theÏminimum€in€the€range.€€Reviewing€the€record,€we€find€no€mitigating€factors.€€WithÏrespect€to€the€trial€courtððs€application€of€enhancement€factor€(6),€relating€toÏparticularly€great€personal€injury,€this€court€has€observed€that,€ð ðclearly,€rape€isÏinjurious€per€se€to€the€body€and€mind€of€the€victim.€€In€this€regard,€the€legislatureÏhas€seen€fit€to€enhance€the€offense€of€aggravated€rape€if€a€child€is€involved.ðð€ÏòòState€v.€Salazaróó,€No.€02C01„9105„CR„00098€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€January€15,Ï1992).€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Caricoóó,€No.€03C01„9307„CR„00206€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ïat€Knoxville,€April€3,€1996).€€The€rape€of€a€child€statute€has€replaced€aggravatedÏrape€of€a€child.€€Nevertheless,€the€reasoning€is€equally€applicable.€€We€haveÏsuggested€that€the€amendment€reflected€the€legislatureððs€desire€to€protectÏchildren€by€extending€the€period€of€confinement€for€child€rapists.€€òòState€v.€Bainóó,ÏNo.€03C01„9311„CR„00384€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€August€21,€1995).€ÏHowever,€in€contrast€to€òòCaricoóó€and€òòSalazaróó,€the€record€in€this€case€is€more€thanÏsufficient€to€show€that€ð ðthe€mental€disturbance€was€greater€than€that€which€isÍordinarily€involved€in€[the€rape€of€a€child].ðð€€òòCaricoóó,€No.€03C01„9307„CR„00206.€ÏThe€record€supports€the€trial€courtððs€finding€that€ð ðprobably€the€girl€had€a€lot€ofÏemotional€and€mental€instability€and€then€these€acts€upon€her€were€the€strawÏthat€broke€the€camelððs€back€and€ended€up€in€her€hospitalization€in€a€mentalÏhospital.ðð€€Accordingly,€the€court€properly€applied€enhancement€factor€(6).€ÏSimilarly,€the€court€properly€applied€enhancement€factor€(4),€that€the€victim€wasÏparticularly€vulnerable€due€to€a€mental€disability.€€Finally,€we€conclude€that€theÏapplication€of€enhancement€factor€(15),€concerning€the€appellantððs€abuse€of€aÏposition€of€private€trust,€was€proper.ÌÌà àHowever,€the€trial€court€improperly€applied€the€enhancement€factor€thatÏthe€crime€was€committed€under€circumstances€in€which€the€potential€for€bodilyÏinjury€was€great.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(16).€€The€legislature€hasÏalready€recognized€the€potential€for€bodily€injury€in€enacting€the€rape€of€a€childÏstatute€and€enhancing€the€punishment€for€the€offense.€€òòCaricoóó,€No.€03C01„9307„CR„00206.€€Thus,€this€factor€should€not€apply€absent€extraordinaryÏcircumstances.€€òòIdóó.€€ÌÌà àThe€trial€court€also€improperly€enhanced€the€sentence€because€theÏoffense€was€committed€for€gratification.€€In€òòState€v.€Adamsóó,€864€S.W.2d€31,€34„35€(Tenn.€1993),€our€supreme€court€held€that€gratification€is€not€an€essentialÏelement€of€rape€and€enhancement€factor€(7)€could€only€be€applied€where€theÍevidence€demonstrates€that€the€rape€was€motivated€by€the€defendantððs€desireÏfor€pleasure€or€excitement.€€òòSee€alsoóó€òòCaricoóó,€No.€03C01„9307„CR„00206.€ÏHowever,€there€is€no€evidence€in€the€record€to€support€the€application€of€thisÏfactor.€€The€desire€for€pleasure€cannot€be€presumed€merely€because€the€recordÏdoes€not€reflect€any€other€reason€for€the€offense€to€have€occurred.€€òòSalazaróó,€No.Ï02C01„9105„CR„00098.ÌÌà àIn€summary,€our€de€novo€review€establishes€the€presence€of€threeÏenhancement€factors€and€no€mitigating€factors.€€We€therefore€conclude€that€theÏapplicable€enhancement€factors€in€this€case€adequately€support€the€sentenceÏimposed.ÌÌà@ àò òòòIII.€€Conclusionóóó óÌà àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.ÌÌÓÓÌà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JudgeÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌœ›Ìòòœ(Not€Participating)€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌPENNY€J.€WHITE,€JudgeÌÌÌÌ_______________________________________ÌANN€LACY€JOHNS,€Special€JudgeÌÌ›