ÿWPC ´u §qvÎ^©‡AŽ/…"uȞΟIߥ±µÔãGî[ÔÚÖ2,s¬Ò8Í–z¢9‘.ê_¾)¤­ÜT´›~9íSÜ ‰øe½Ù0³¹ÿÀø—‚³}%CKûª­XôƒÙaMãGtçhýáОs§u}Úœf­³ß¿–k̂պ“gBïz)Žœ"£ ÇÔL'Õ«à§B·**,üË"ÄãŠq’Љ-˜´ìQ€ó`J_Øý!"D½’é‚„n/jÏbèöd9ª@œìAãùãWú8B/ïÖ`Á¢àˆ’ГŠN­yðÓ‚‘ lá¨Éç+.}öu:{¼ìζÈ%ª"v9JÕçØò¹3…gs‰D¦?¨ŽHÉþ4dz£%þgÀ{Z܇U”’þ$üô¢éöŸÔàþ ¨K/Žì•¼GžžœÒ+C¬‹/Ÿì™ÍOš…¸w7äÂ,ù$ Ñq:—Ä^zLpÙ´Æg–-™±í1i,2 ’š÷êö¾Ä]R³5Hè(+ËN³B;F’‚¼žÓ ® Äf-:#Xè4X}°NĤÊóB JˆùŠ/³d€[ â0ã_Ù3ñ}X—@ð„ÒlLѯ{ÝÃS,Mñû›’…# F U>Q % 0í• UB‚ 4Ä Ø n­ç U:” fÎ 4 "< w@^ ž U:¼U:ö\0ŒU:ªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªªª Bäääää D3 0D4444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 AOxÆÇÇ 0D D/Ñ B˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLÐ<èÀ( 9Z &Courier RegularX(ÅÕÐ$¡¡Ñ  ÑÑ7€'CXXdÈXXdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXiÓ<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiýhµ&3|x±«<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉJQX@,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular \Ñ\R AØ'ÿ Legal\Ñ Ñ Ü ÑÑ  Ñ ¦e§D¨D©ªD«[¬­Ó€®± Ô€X<øXXXÔÔ€îñûîXX<øÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€OÔîîñûÔÐ  ÐÌò òJune€25,€1999Ð ¶¶ ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ô—ôOÔÔAppellate€CourtÐ –– ÐClerkó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular RÝ ƒ-¯#ÝÝ  ÝÝ ƒ‚$Ýò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óÝ  Ý Ô€X<øXXXÔÔ€îñûîXX<øÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€OÔîîñûÔÐ  ÐÌò òJune€24,€1999Ð ¶¶ ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ô—ôOÔÔAppellate€CourtÐ –– ÐClerkó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular d%%%%'ÿÿdxd(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒÕÐ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ7€ûXXdÈXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXiÓÝ  Ýñ¦ñ›ñ¦ññ¦ñ›ñ¦ñѰÑÑܰÑÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓÓÑ€ †ÑÑ€ í:ÑÔ€ X<øXXXÔÑ7€ <ø XXdæXXdÈ7Ññ®ñœßz€*B2.z 8 `€€€@Eh tt0"$ðð ¨Ýzß›ñ®ññ®ñßr€*<,(j 8 `€€@Eh  tt0" ¨Órßñ­ñœñ­ññ®ññ­ññ­ñ€à8 ¸ àà@Ñ Ñ D¸ x¸ xàIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ  Ðà@~~%DàAT€KNOXVILLEà@@66-Rà€€€€€€€€€ˆÌà ¸ àà  à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€JUNE€1998€SESSIONÌÌÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à h àà À à)à  àÐ 80 Ѐà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ð   Ðà ¸ àAppellee,€à h àà À à)à  àNo.€03C01„9709„CR„00420Ð ü  Ðà ¸ à€€€€€à  àà h à€€à À à)Ð êâ  Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  à€Sullivan€CountyÐ ÐÈ  Ðv.à ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)€€€€€€€€€Ð ¶®  Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àHonorable€Phyllis€H.€Miller,€Judge€€€€€Ð œ”  Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)ÌDONALD€RAY€HAMMONDS,à À à)à  à(Aggravated€Assault)Ð h` Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)€€€€€€€€Ìà ¸ àAppellant.à h àà À à)Ð 4, Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à  àà h àà À àà  àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:Ð æÞ ÐÌRaymond€Conkinà  àà h àà À àà  àJohn€Knox€Walkup€Ð ²ª Ð320€Cherokee€Streetà h àà À àà  àAttorney€General€of€TennesseeÐ ˜ ÐKingsport,€TN€37660à h àà À àà  àà p àandÐ ~v Ѐ€€€€€€€à ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àClinton€J.€MorganÐ d\ Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€Attorney€General€of€Tennessee€€€€€€€€€€Ï€€€€€€€€€€€€€à ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à425€Fifth€Avenue€North€€€€€à Ð àà (# àÐ 0 ( Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌÌà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àH.€Greeley€Wells,€Jr.Ìà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àandÌà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àRobert€H.€MontgomeryÌà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àP.O.€Box€526Ìà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àBlountville,€TN€37617ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:_____________________ÌÌREVERSED€AND€DISMISSEDÌÌJoseph€M.€TiptonÌJudgeÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÐ >:639 ÐÓÓà@õõ)Dàòòò òO€P€I€N€I€O€Nóóó óˆÐ  ÐÌà ¸ àThe€defendant,€Donald€Ray€Hammonds,€appeals€as€of€right€from€his€Ïconviction€by€a€jury€in€the€Sullivan€County€Criminal€Court€for€aggravated€assault,€aÏClass€C€felony.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€as€a€Range€II,€multipleÏoffender€to€nine€years€in€the€custody€of€the€Department€of€Correction€and€imposed€aÏfive€thousand€dollar€fine.€€The€court€ordered€the€defendant€to€serve€his€sentenceÏconsecutively€to€an€earlier€sentence.€€The€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€isÏinsufficient€to€support€his€convictions€and€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€overruling€hisÏmotion€to€dismiss€for€failure€to€establish€venue.€€Although€not€raised€by€the€defendant,Ïwe€reverse€the€conviction€and€dismiss€the€indictment€because€it€fails€to€state€anÏoffense.ÌÌà ¸ àThe€evidence€at€trial€showed€that€the€defendant€and€the€victim,€MichelleÏHammonds,€were€married€but€separated€at€the€time€of€the€offense.€€The€victim€wasÏliving€in€Sullivan€County,€and€the€defendant€was€living€in€Johnson€City€with€the€victimððsÏthen€fifteen„year„old€niece,€April€Dishner.€€At€11:30€p.m.€on€February€22,€1996,€theÏvictim€was€waiting€to€meet€someone€at€the€bottom€of€the€hill€near€her€house€when€a€carÏdrove€up€in€which€the€defendant€was€a€passenger.€€The€defendant€forced€the€victim€intoÏthe€car€and€slapped€her€a€few€times,€cutting€the€inside€of€her€mouth.€€They€drove€toÏJohnson€City€and€picked€up€the€victimððs€niece.€€ÌÌà ¸ àWhen€the€defendant€returned€to€the€car,€he€had€a€gun.€€As€they€wereÏgoing€back€to€the€victimððs€house€in€Sullivan€County,€the€defendant€removed€the€gunÏfrom€his€pocket,€shot€it€outside€the€window€about€three€times,€put€the€gun€to€the€top€ofÏthe€victimððs€head,€and€threatened€to€kill€her.€€The€defendant€hit€the€victim€in€the€faceÏand€choked€the€victim€by€placing€his€hands€around€her€throat.€€The€victim€eventuallyÏlost€consciousness.€€When€she€regained€consciousness,€the€defendant€stated€that€theyÐ ˜706 Ðwere€almost€to€the€victimððs€house.€€The€victimððs€niece€hit€her€a€few€times,€causing€her€toÏlose€consciousness€again.€€The€victim€was€left€at€the€bottom€of€the€hill€at€her€house.€ÏThe€victim€suffered€multiple€bruises€and€abrasions€which€caused€swelling€and€bleeding,Ïand€her€nose€was€broken€in€seven€places.€Ìà ¸ àÌà@++Dàò òI.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€INDICTMENTˆÐ ü  Ðà ¸ àó óWe€note€that€the€defendant€did€not€challenge€the€sufficiency€of€theÐ ÜÔ  Ðindictment€before€trial,€nor€does€he€challenge€it€in€this€appeal.€€As€a€general€proposition,Ïdefenses€and€objections€based€on€defects€in€the€indictment€must€be€raised€before€trial.€ÏTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€12(b)(2);€òòState€v.€Randolphóó,€692€S.W.2d€37,€40€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð @8 Ð1985).€€If€the€defendant€fails€to€raise€the€issue€before€trial,€the€issue€is€deemed€to€beÏwaived.€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€12(f);€òòseeóó€òòRhoden€v.€Stateóó,€816€S.W.2d€56,€61€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð ØÐ ÐApp.€1991).€€However,€Rule€12(b)(2)€states€that€jurisdictional€defects€or€the€failure€toÏcharge€an€offense€ð ðshall€be€noticed€by€the€court€at€any€time€during€the€pendency€of€theÏproceedings€.€.€.€.ðð€€Moreover,€we€are€required€to€determine€ð ðwhether€the€trial€andÏappellate€court€have€jurisdiction€over€the€subject€matter,ðð€even€though€the€issue€is€notÏpresented€as€a€ground€for€relief.€€T.R.A.P.€13(b);€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Seagravesóó,€837€S.W.2dÐ Ô#Ì  Ð615,€617„18€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).ÌÌà ¸ àThe€provisions€of€both€the€Federal€and€Tennessee€ConstitutionsÏguarantee€to€the€criminally€accused€knowledge€of€the€ð ðnature€and€cause€of€theÏaccusation.ðð€€U.S.€Const.€amend.€VI;€Tenn.€Const.€art.€I,€ðð€9.ÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 ¸ à€€The€rigor€of€old€common„law€rules€of€criminalÏpleadings€has€yielded,€in€modern€practice,€to€theÏgeneral€principle€that€formal€defects,€not€prejudicial,€willÏbe€disregarded.€The€true€test€of€the€sufficiency€of€anÏindictment€is€not€whether€it€could€have€been€made€more€Ïdefinite€and€certain,€but€whether€it€contains€theÏelements€of€the€offense€intended€to€be€charged,€ð ðandÏsufficiently€apprises€the€defendant€of€what€he€must€beÏprepared€to€meet,€and,€in€case€any€other€proceedingsÏare€taken€against€him€for€a€similar€offense,€whether€theÏrecord€shows€with€accuracy€to€what€extent€he€mayÏplead€a€formal€acquittal€or€conviction.ððÐ~8v17¸ x¸ x ÐÑ í:ÑÑÜÜÑÑÑÑ  ÑÓÓÓ  ÓòòHagner€v.€United€Statesóó,€285€U.S.€427,€430,€52€S.€Ct.€€417,€419€(1932).€€(citationsÐ  Ðomitted).€€€This€court€has€stated€that€ð ðthe€test€for€the€sufficiency€of€an€indictment€isÏwhether€it€contains€the€elements€of€the€offense€intended€to€be€charged€[and]€sufficientlyÏapprises€the€defendant€of€what€he€must€be€prepared€to€meet.ðð€€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€612Ð l d ÐS.W.2d€493,€497€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1980).€€When€the€indictment€fails€to€state€the€crime,Ïall€subsequent€proceedings€are€void.€€òòState€v.€Morganóó,€598€S.W.2d€798,€797€(Tenn.Ð ü  ÐCrim.€App.€1979).ÌÌà ¸ àThe€defendant€in€the€present€case€was€convicted€of€an€intentionalÏaggravated€assault.€€Aggravated€assault€occurs€when€a€person€ð ð[i]ntentionally€orÏknowingly€commits€an€assault€as€defined€in€ðð€39„13„101€and€.€.€.€[u]ses€or€displays€aÏdeadly€weapon[.]ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„102(a)(1).€€An€assault€occurs€when€oneÏð ð[i]ntentionally,€knowingly€or€recklessly€causes€bodily€injury€to€another€[or]€[i]ntentionallyÏor€knowingly€causes€another€to€reasonably€fear€imminent€bodily€injury[.]€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€39„13„301(a)(1),€(2).€€Ô€XLìXX XLìÔThe€indictment€in€the€present€case€states€as€follows:€€Ð 0 ( ÐÓÓà8 ¸ àThe€Grand€Jurors€for€Sullivan€County,€Tennessee,Ïbeing€duly€empaneled€and€sworn,€upon€their€oathÏpresent€and€say€that€òòDONALD€RAY€HAMMONDSóó€onÐ È#À  Ðor€about€February€23,€1996€in€the€State€and€CountyÏaforesaid€and€before€the€finding€of€this€Indictment€didÏunlawfully,€feloniously,€intentionally,€and€knowinglyÏcommit€an€assault€on€Michelle€Hammonds€òòby€usingÐ `'X $ Ðand€displaying€a€deadly€weaponóó,€in€violation€ofÐ F(>!% ÐSection€39„13„102€of€the€Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÏ.€.€.€.Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌ(emphasis€added).€ÓÓñ¦ñœñ¦ñ€Theñ¦ñ›ñ¦ñ€indictment€purports€to€allege€an€aggravated€assault€by€statingÏthat€the€defendant€assaulted€the€victim€by€using€and€displaying€a€deadly€weapon.€€WeÏbelieve€the€indictment€fails€to€state€an€offense.€€€€ÌÌà ¸ àInitially,€we€recognize€that€our€supreme€court€has€stated€that€it€has€relaxedÏthe€pleading€requirements€for€indictments.€€òòSeeóó€òòRuff€v.€Stateóó,€978€S.W.2d€95,€100Ð Ú4Ò-3 Ð(Tenn.€1998);€òòState€v.€Hillóó,€954€S.W.2d€725,€727€(Tenn.€1997).€€Nevertheless,€theÐ ¦6ž/5 Ðindictment€must€still€ð ðstate€the€facts€constituting€the€offense€in€ordinary€and€conciseÐ r8j17 Ðlanguage.€.€.€.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„13„202.€€In€this€respect,€an€indictment€ð ðmustÏallege€facts€as€to€each€essential€element€of€the€offense[.]ðð€òòState€v.€Trustyóó,€919€S.W.2dÐ ÔÌ Ð305,€309€(Tenn.€1996).€€ÌÌà ¸ àIn€the€present€case,€the€indictment€alleges€that€the€defendant€committedÏan€assault€by€using€or€displaying€a€deadly€weapon.€€That€is,€the€only€fact€that€it€allegesÏto€constitute€the€assault€is€that€the€defendant€used€or€displayed€a€deadly€weapon.€€AnÏassault€requires€that€the€defendant€cause€bodily€injury€to€the€victim€or€cause€the€ñ¦ñœñ¦ñvictimÏœñ§ñmore›Ïñ§ñreasonablyñ¦ñ›ñ¦ñ›€ñ¦ñœñ¦ñto€fearñ¦ñ›ñ¦ñ€imminent€bodily€injury.€€An€intentional€or€knowing€assault,€coupledÏwith€the€use€or€display€of€a€deadly€weapon,€constitutes€an€aggravated€assault.€€TheÏbare€allegation€that€the€defendant€used€or€displayed€a€deadly€weapon€does€notÏconstitute€an€assault€or€an€aggravated€assault.€€Because€the€indictment€is€insufficient,Ïthe€conviction€is€reversed,€and€the€indictment€is€dismissed.ÌÌÓ  Óò òII.€€VENUE/SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEó óÐ 0 ( ÐÓ  Óà ¸ àAlthough€our€holding€on€the€sufficiency€of€the€indictment€is€dispositive,€we€Ìare€required€to€decide€the€defendantððs€issues€because€of€the€possibility€of€the€appeal€ofÏour€decision.€€òòSeeóó€òòJacobs€v.€Stateóó,€224€Tenn.€106,€450€S.W.2d€581€(1970).€€First,€theÐ  %˜" Ðdefendant€contends€that€the€evidence€did€not€show€that€the€offense€occurred€in€SullivanÏCounty.€€The€state€responds€that€venue€was€properly€established,€primarily€relying€onÏthe€fact€that€the€victim€was€assaulted€on€the€way€from€her€house€to€Johnson€City.ÌÌà ¸ àÔ‡ XLìXXXLìÔOur€constitution€provides€that€a€defendant€has€the€right€to€be€tried€in€theÐ œ.”', Ðcounty€in€which€the€crime€was€committed.€€Tenn.€Const.€art.€I,€ðð€9;€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.Ï18(a);€òòChadwick€v.€Stateóó,€201€Tenn.€57,€60,€296€S.W.2d€857,€859€(1956).€€AlthoughÐ 42,+0 Ðvenue€is€not€an€element€of€the€crime,€the€state€must€prove€by€a€preponderance€of€theÏâ âevidence€that€the€offense€was€committed€in€the€county€of€trial.€€òòSeeóó€ñ¦ñœñ¦ñTenn.€Code€AnnñžñññoñññžññŸñ.ñŸññ ñC.A.ñ ññ¦ñ›œñ¦ññ¡ñÐ Ì5Ä.4 Ðñ¡ññ¦ñ›ñ¦ñ€ðð€39„11„201(e),€(f);€òòHarvey€v.€Stateóó,€213€Tenn.€608,€612,€376€S.W.2d€497,€498€(1964);Ð  Ðâ âòòState€v.€Bakeróó,€639€S.W.2d€670,€672€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1982).€€Circumstantial€evidenceÐ ÔÌ Ðmay€be€used€to€establish€venue.€€òòState€v.€Bennettóó,€549€S.W.2d€949,€950€(Tenn.€1977).€Ð   ˜ ÐVenue€may€be€found€by€drawing€reasonable€inferences€from€proven€facts.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.Ð l d ÐSmithóó,€607€S.W.2d€906,€907€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1980).€In€fact,€slight€evidence€isÐ 80 Ðsufficient€if€it€is€uncontradicted.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Bloodsawóó,€746€S.W.2d€722,€724€(Tenn.Ð ü  ÐCrim.€App.€1987).ÌÌà ¸ àFirst,€we€reject€the€stateððs€argument€that€the€offense€began€in€SullivanÏCounty€when€the€defendant€forced€the€victim€into€the€car€and€slapped€her.€€We€believeÏthat€this€evidence€establishes€a€different€assault€than€the€one€for€which€the€defendantÏwas€convicted.€€After€the€defendant€slapped€the€victim,€causing€cuts€inside€her€mouth,Ïthey€rode€to€Teresa€Dishnerððs€residence€to€look€for€the€victimððs€niece.€€When€theÏvictimððs€niece€was€not€there,€they€drove€to€Ms.€Dishnerððs€sisterððs€home€and€found€theÏvictimððs€niece€inside.€€The€defendant€left€the€car€and€returned€with€her.€€We€do€notÏbelieve€that€what€occurred€after€the€defendant€returned€to€the€car€can€be€considered€toÏbe€a€continuation€of€the€earlier€assault.€€ÌÌà ¸ àThe€victim€was€the€sole€source€of€evidence€regarding€venue.€€SheÏtestified€that€she€lived€in€Blountville,€Sullivan€County,€and€that€she€rode€with€theÏdefendant€to€two€houses€in€Johnson€City,€which€is€in€Washington€County.€€She€statedÏthat€when€the€defendant€and€her€niece€entered€the€car,€they€started€back€toward€herÏhouse€and€the€next€thing€she€knew,€they€both€were€on€her,€the€defendant€hitting€herÏand€grabbing€her€by€the€throat.€€She€said€that€her€niece€hit€her€in€the€face€a€couple€ofÏtimes€and€that€she€lost€consciousness.€€She€testified€that€she€later€awoke€and€askedÏwhere€they€were,€and€the€defendant€replied,€ð ðalmost€home.ðð€€She€said€that€ñ¦ñœñ¦ññ¢ñthen›€ñ¢ñherñ¦ñ›ñ¦ñ€nieceÏñ¦ñœñ¦ññ£ñthen€ñ£ñhitñ¦ñ›ñ¦ñ€her€a€few€more€ñ¦ñœñ¦ñtimesñ¤ñ,ñ¤ññ¦ñ›ñ¦ñ€and€she€passed€out€again.€€The€victim€testified€that€whenÏshe€awoke,€they€were€at€the€bottom€of€the€hill€near€her€house.€€On€cross„examination,Ð Œ7„06 ÐÑ †ÑÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ  Ññ§ñÑ †ÑÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ  Ññ§ññ¦ñÑ †ÑÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ  Ññ¦ññ¢ñÑ †ÑÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ  ÑÑ †ÑÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ  Ññ¢ñthe€ñ£ñÑ †ÑÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ  ÑÑ †ÑÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ  Ññ£ññ¢ñÑ †ÑÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ  ÑÑ †ÑÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ  ÑÑ †ÑÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ  Ññ¢ñvictim€testified€that€the€events€were€unclear€to€her.€€She€stated€that€she€saw€theÐ  Ðdefendant€with€a€gun€when€he€entered€the€car€with€her€niece.€€She€then€said€that€heÏñ¡ñÑ †ÑÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ  Ññ¡ñfired€the€gun€when€they€were€ð ðgoing€down€the€roadðð€back€to€her€house.€€However,€sheÏsaid€that€she€did€not€remember€where€she€was€when€he€fired€the€gun,€only€that€it€wasÏsomewhere€between€Johnson€City€and€her€house.€ÌÌà ¸ àIf€the€evidence€is€viewed€relative€to€the€defendantððs€personal€actions,€weÏbelieve€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€prove€that€venue€for€the€crime€lies€in€SullivanÏCounty.€€The€victimððs€testimony€has€the€defendant€deploying€a€gun€and€choking€herÏbefore€the€first€time€she€lost€consciousness.€€The€same€is€essentially€true€for€theÏdefendant€pointing€the€gun€at€her€and€threatening€to€kill€her.€€In€this€respect,€other€thanÏspeculation,€nothing€in€the€record€indicates€that€the€defendantððs€conduct€thatÏconstituted€the€offense€occurred€in€Sullivan€County.ÌÌà ¸ àHowever,€we€note€that€the€record€reflects€that€the€defendant€and€theÏvictimððs€niece€were€acting€in€concert€relative€to€assaulting€the€victim.€€Although€the€stateÏdid€not€proceed€upon€the€theory€of,€nor€did€the€trial€court€instruct€the€jury€about,€criminalÏresponsibility€for€another,€we€need€not€be€blind€to€the€proper€application€of€law.€ÏPursuant€to€Rule€18(d),€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.,€if€an€element€of€an€offense€is€committed€inÏone€county€while€other€elements€are€committed€in€a€second€county,€ð ðthe€offense€mayÏbe€prosecuted€in€either€county.ðð€€The€defendant€displayed€the€gun€when€they€wereÏreturning€to€the€victimððs€home.€€Both€he€and€the€victimððs€niece€assaulted€the€victim,€andÏthe€defendant€pointed€the€gun€at€her€head.€€The€defendant€also€fired€the€gun€threeÏtimes.€€The€niece€continued€hitting€the€victim€until€they€were€near€the€victimððs€home.€ÏWe€believe€that€the€assault€was€continuous€in€nature.€œñ¦ñœñ¦ññ«ñòòñ«ññ¨ññ¥ñ€ñ¥ññ¨ññªññ©ñ€ñ©ññªññ«ññ«ññ¬ñ€ñ¬ññ«ñòòñ«ñSeeóóñ¦ñ›ñ¦ñ›€òòState€v.€Pelayoóó,€881€S.W.2dÐ (2 +0 Ð7€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€Moreover,€the€fact€that€the€defendant€did€not€use€or€displayÏâ âthe€gun€for€the€duration€of€the€assault€is€immaterial.€€The€effect€of€the€use€and€displayÐ À5¸.4 Ðof€the€gun€was€that€the€victim€allowed€herself€to€be€beaten,€and€this€continued€throughÏthe€course€of€the€entire€assault.€€We€believe€that€proper€venue€was€proven.€Ìâ ââ ââ ââ ââ âÌà ¸ àÔ#†XLìXX XLìH0#ÔWith€respect€to€the€defendantððs€contention€that€the€evidence€isÐ l d Ðinsufficient,€tÔ‡ XLìXXXLìÔhe€defendant€concedes€that€the€victim€was€assaulted€but€argues€that€noÐ 80 Ðevidence€exists€to€show€aggravating€factors€that€would€justify€raising€his€conduct€toÏaggravated€assault.€€Our€standard€of€review€when€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€isÏquestioned€on€appeal€is€"whether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorableÏto€the€prosecution,€òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€ofÐ h` Ðthe€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.Ð 4, ÐCt.€2781,€2789€(1979).€€This€means€that€we€do€not€reweigh€the€evidence,€but€presumeÏthat€the€jury€has€resolved€all€conflicts€in€the€testimony€and€drawn€all€reasonableÏinferences€from€the€evidence€in€favor€of€the€state.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Sheffieldóó,€676€S.W.2dÐ ˜ Ð542,€547€(Tenn.€1984);€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€Ð d\ ÐÌà ¸ àIn€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€the€evidence€establishes€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt€that€the€defendant€assaulted€the€victim€and€that€he€used€or€displayedÏa€gun€during€the€assault.€€òòSeeóó€ñ¦ñœñ¦ñTenn.€ñ¦ñ›ñ¦ñCode€Ann.€ðð€39„13„102(a)(1)(B).€€The€victimÐ ”%Œ" Ðtestified€that€during€the€ride€to€her€house€from€Johnson€City,€the€defendant€took€out€aÏgun,€shot€the€gun€three€times,€put€the€gun€to€the€top€of€the€victimððs€head,€and€said,€ð ðIððllÏkill€you,€bitch.ðð€€The€victim€testified€that€she€feared€for€her€life€at€the€time,€and€weÏbelieve€that€her€fear€was€reasonable€under€the€circumstances€of€this€case.€ÏFurthermore,€the€victim€testified€that€the€defendant€hit€and€choked€her.€€We€hold€thatÏhad€the€defendant€been€properly€indicted€for€aggravated€assault,€the€evidence€wasÏsufficient€to€convict€the€defendant€of€aggravated€assault.Ô#†XLìXX XLì6V#ÔÐ (2 +0 ÐÌà ¸ àIn€consideration€of€the€foregoing€and€the€record€as€a€whole,€we€hold€thatÏbecause€the€indictment€fails€to€allege€an€offense,€the€conviction€is€reversed€and€theÐ Œ7„06 Ðindictment€is€dismissed.€€Ìâ âÓÓà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àà  àà x àà Ð àà (# à¼à ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àà  àà x àà Ð àà (# à¼à ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à______________________________Ìà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àJoseph€M.€Tipton,€Judge€€ÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ____________________________ÌJohn€H.€Peay,€JudgeÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌDavid€G.€Hayes,€Judge