ÿWPCb  þ˜8ípŒƒæ3Ø×ÂbŠ–à”˜3°šU—Ú—£&œ³7Ñ`Œ>E}KFΛSu"Jtó*@ì%ª›§~vklei%%«®1ì_àܪy{OA˜õ<´¯–pâU±á{i"%ÀN´öï“bcñxƒ« Ïž{Íp…Ÿ ©äšì™l¢µÕdß\„%…úÕW^lÞéÍ«ŽÆM¦îÞÀ¨Y5矵EÜ©'Âä+¢2ÿ3cìöŠ\Ѳg™3à4êzV7§µÁ[²\EÖZÝ×;+×úTâlù7¾°/TCÇýQÉ_ÚÃgÀ²@ù£É÷2"ÛæŠ‚+&Œ^à•ˆlÏYm3÷*38Lï\‚yÃv›ÌAX̉6³)"‘3ÈñÇEÉœÿ¦ÎAxRBäá¶rkùŠìN¬A„AP¶ŽÒÚH¾—ûí(“Ÿ=UÔy0'&”I/0«.VQã][ 9ŠâF„aPSúÆ >jƒ ’]\3±fE-6U't}iȰXUšƒpqh ÜR:ê;›ÆRðÍõŽü£½mì+!þ ¯“ÙŽ@%ª-2m>(RøÙQ·|í7¬øCXÏÝ—Öaó‹„ûÿ®ÁôÉ|ËoüqÒd)#!>UN_ %­ 0(³U :Ûbw@4]q€ˆU:ŽNÈÊ mÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌ AQãÆ4 0Dú 0D> 0D‚ ‚ D/Æ Bõ B D3/ ˜HP LaserJet 8000 DN PSØÚØÚÚØØÚ0(ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡,Ù¹6 AZ‹"Arial Regular- ù- ÞßDàHáUâDãDäDåÓ€ïð{Z='3|xð üÝ ƒ!¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€ X*VXXXÔÔ€ ÚûX X*VÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€ X*VX ÚûÔÐ  ÐÌSeptember€7,€1999ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAhÔó ó,–ûyAZ‹"Arial RegularÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ !"#(Cþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó'''÷ÿ dxd düÿP Pd&&&&'ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýñåñ›ñåñÑ` °ÑÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€Š¡¿‹XXÔÔ€Š µ‹‹Š¡¿ÔÑTR[° AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ€ÑÑ8€•sXXdìdÈ8ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò òñðññåñßr€ (<,(j 8` `€€@E f ` ttx0X` ð ærßñåññåñ›ñåñ›››››››ñðñÔ_ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ `  ÐÌñðñßt€ (>.*jxnÇ` `€€@EŽ+ ` 8ttxPÆd 8 Ç tßñðñAT€JACKSONÌÌMAY€SESSION,€1999ÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à À àà  à)€€€€€€€C.C.A.€NO.€02C01„9806„CR„00165Ð p Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àó óÐ r  Ðà ` àà ¸ àAppellee,ò òà h àà À àà  à)€€€€€€€SHELBY€COUNTYÐ t  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)€€€€€€€ÌV.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)€€€€€€€HON.€CAROLYN€WADE€BLACKETT,Ð x  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)€€€€€€€JUDGEÌREDONNA€T.€HANNA€andà À àà  à)€€€€€€€Ð | ÐBERNARDO€C.€LANE,€à h àà À àà  à)€€€€€€€Ô‡&b>%‹Š µÔ(FIRST€DEGREE€MURDER;€ESPECIALLYó óÔ#†Š µ‹%&b>Ü#ÔÐ ~ Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àò òà À àà  à)ó ó€€€€€€€ò òÔ‡&b>%‹Š µÔAGGRAVATED€ROBBERY;€AGGRAVATEDÔ#†Š µ‹%&b>¯#Ôó óÐ €  Ѐà ` àà ¸ àAppellants.à h àà À àò òà  à)€€€€€€€Ô‡&b>%‹Š µÔROBBERY;€AGGRAVATED€BURGLARY€Ô#†Š µ‹%&b>z#Ô€€Ð ‚" Ðó óÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTSóó:à À àà  àòòà p àFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:Ð x ÐÌò òA.€C.€WHARTONà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àPAUL€G.€SUMMERS€Ð p  Ðó óDistrict€Public€Defenderà h àà À àà  àà p àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÐ r! ÐCounsel€for€Defendant€HannaÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àò òà  àà p àR.€STEPHEN€JOBE€Ð j#  ÐW.€MARK€WARDó óà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÐ l$  ÐAssistant€Public€Defenderà À àà  àà p à2nd€Floor,€Cordell€Hull€BuildingÐ n% ÐCounsel€for€Defendant€Hannaà À àà  àà p à425€Fifth€Avenue€North€Ð j&  ÐCriminal€Justice€Center,€Suite€201à  àà p àNashville,€TN€€37243Ð f' Ð201€Poplar€AvenueÌMemphis,€TN€38103à h àà À àà  àà p àò òJOHN€W.€PIEROTTI€Ð ^)þ  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àó óDistrict€Attorney€General€Ð `*!! ÐÌò òPATRICIA€A.€ODELLó óà h àà À àà  àà p àò òPAUL€F.€GOODMAN€Ð X,ø"# Ðó óCounsel€for€Defendant€Laneà À àà  àà p àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÐ Z-ú#$ Ð50€North€Front€Street,€Suite€780ÌMemphis,€TN€38103à h àà À àà  àà p àò òMICHAEL€H.€LEAVITTÐ R/ò%& Ðó óà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÐ T0ô&' Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àCriminal€Justice€Center,€Suite€301Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à201€Poplar€Avenue€Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àMemphis,€TN€38103ÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌCONVICTIONS€AFFIRMED;€REMANDED€TO€TRIAL€ÌCOURT€FOR€ENTRY€OF€CORRECT€JUDGMENTSÌÌTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JUDGEÐ  ,:Ì01ø ÐÓ  ÓÔ€°o °‹Š µÔò òòòOPINIONóóó óÔ€Š µ‹ °°oÔÐ `  ÐÌœñâñÌñâñ›Ó  ÓÓÓà ` àThe€Defendants,€Redonna€T.€Hanna€and€Bernardo€C.€Lane,€appeal€as€of€rightÏfrom€their€multiple€convictions€in€the€Shelby€County€Criminal€Court.€€In€this€appeal,ÏDefendant€Hanna€presents€the€following€three€issues€for€review:ÌÓÓà8 ` à€€I.à8¸ ` (#` (#àWhether€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€identify€€DefendantÐ ô” ÐHanna€as€the€perpetrator€of€the€crimes;Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` à€II.à8¸ ` (#` (#àWhether€the€trial€court€erred€in€denying€DefendantÐ Ü|  ÐHannaððs€motion€to€suppress€his€confession€as€involuntary;Ïand€Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àIII.à8¸ ` (#` (#àWhether€the€convictions€for€both€first€degree€felonyÐ ¼\ Ðmurder€and€premeditated€first€degree€murder€violatedÏDefendant€Hannaððs€double€jeopardy€œrights.ñãñÐ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  Ðñãñ›ÓtÓÐ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐDefendant€Lane€presents€the€following€two€issues€for€review:ÌÓÓà8 ` à€€I.à8¸ ` (#` (#àWhether€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€identify€DefendantÐ Œ, ÐLane€as€the€perpetrator€of€the€crimes;€andÐ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ЀÌà8 ` à€II.à8¸ ` (#` (#àWhether€the€convictions€for€both€first€degree€felonyÐ t! Ðmurder€and€premeditated€first€degree€murder€violatedÏDefendant€Laneððs€double€jeopardy€œrights.ñäñÐ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  Ðñäñ›ÓWÓÐ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐAfter€a€careful€review€of€the€record,€we€affirm€all€convictions€of€both€Defendants.€ÏHowever,€since€there€is€not€a€judgment€in€the€record€reflecting€the€conviction€œandÏsentence€of›€Defendant€Lane€for€first€degree€murder€(either€premeditated€or€felonyÏmurder),€this€cause€is€remanded€to€the€trial€court€to€enter€an€appropriate€judgmentÏreflecting€the€conviction€œand€sentence€of€life€imprisonment€of›€Defendant€Lane€for€firstÏdegree€murder,€including€the€merger€of€two€convictions€into€the€one€judgment€forÏfirst€degree€murder.€€Defendant€Hannaððs€case€is€remanded€for€the€trial€court€to€enterÏan€appropriate€judgment€reflecting€a€conviction€of€first€degree€murder€œand€sentenceÏof€life€imprisonment€and›€noting€that€the€two€convictions€of€first€degree€murder€wereÏmerged€into€one€judgment.€œñáñÌñáñ›Ð ´8T/0 Ðà ` àThe€Defendants€were€indicted€on€three€counts€of€aggravated€robbery,€oneÏcount€of€especially€aggravated€robbery,€one€count€of€especially€aggravated€burglary,Ïone€count€of€first€degree€felony€murder,€and€one€count€of€first€degree€premeditatedÏmurder.€€A€jury€found€both€Defendants€guilty€as€charged€on€all€counts.€€However,Ïwith€the€agreement€of€the€State,€the€trial€court€granted€Defendantsðð€motions€forÏjudgment€of€acquittal€with€respect€to€the€especially€aggravated€burglary€count€andÏinstead€entered€judgment€finding€them€guilty€of€the€lesser€included€offense€ofÏaggravated€burglary.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€both€Defendants€to€ten€(10)€yearsÏfor€each€aggravated€robbery€conviction,€twenty€(20)€years€for€especially€aggravatedÏrobbery,€three€(3)€years€for€aggravated€burglary,€and€life€imprisonment€for€firstÏdegree€murder.€€At€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€judge€noted€that€although€sheÏwould€accept€the€juryððs€verdicts€for€both€first€degree€felony€murder€and€first€degreeÏpremeditated€murder,€she€would€nonetheless€merge€the€two€convictions€forÏsentencing€purposes€and€enter€only€one€sentence€of€life€imprisonment€for€firstÏdegree€murder€for€each€Defendant.€€Both€Defendants€were€sentenced€as€Range€IÏStandard€Offenders,€and€all€sentences€were€ordered€to€be€served€concurrently.€ÏAndre€Hamilton€was€also€tried€along€with€the€Defendants€Hanna€and€Lane,€but€hisÏcase€is€not€a€part€of€this€appeal.ÌÌÓ  ÓòòSummary€of€the€FactsóóÐ ø/˜&& ÐÌÓÓà ` àThe€facts€in€this€case€reveal€that€on€December€27,€1993,€there€was€a€homeÏinvasion€at€6858€Birch€Run€Lane€in€Memphis,€Tennessee,€during€which€fourÏindividuals€were€robbed.€€The€four€victims€were€Billy€Mosley,€his€wife€Artis€Mosley,Ïtheir€daughter€Danyale€Davis,€and€their€son€Kenneth€Mosley.€€During€the€robbery,Ð  :À00 ÐKenneth€Mosley€was€shot€once€in€the€back€and€killed.€€Police€developed€theÏfollowing€four€suspects€in€the€crimes:€Defendant€Hanna,€Defendant€Lane,€AndreÏHamilton,€and€Derrick€Coleman.€ÌÌòòMotion€to€Suppressóóà h àÐ €  Ðà ` àDuring€the€course€of€the€investigation,€police€elicited€statements€fromÏDefendant€Hanna€and€Andre€Hamilton.€€Both€Defendant€Hanna€and€HamiltonÏsubsequently€filed€motions€to€suppress€those€statements.€€At€the€hearing,€SergeantÏCharles€Richardson€of€the€Shelby€County€Sheriffððs€Department€testified.€€SergeantÏRichardson€had€actually€retired€from€the€Sheriffððs€Department€by€the€time€of€theÏhearing.€€He€testified€that€on€December€31,€1993,€four€days€after€the€crimes,€AndreÏHamilton€came€to€the€police€station€accompanied€by€his€mother€to€give€a€statement.€ÏPrior€to€Hamiltonððs€interview,€police€had€spoken€with€Derrick€Coleman€who€hadÏmentioned€the€names€of€both€Hamilton€and€Defendant€Hanna.€Hamiltonððs€statementÏalso€led€police€to€believe€that€Defendant€Hanna€was€involved€in€the€crime.€€ÌÌà ` àHanna€voluntarily€appeared€at€the€police€station€the€following€day,€January,Ï1,€1994,€to€give€a€statement.€€Sergeant€Richardson€informed€Hanna€that€the€officerÏhad€learned€that€he€might€have€been€involved€in€a€robbery€and€homicide€duringÏwhich€Kenneth€Mosley€was€shot€and€killed.€€Richardson€testified€that€he€read€HannaÏhis€òòMirandaóó€rights€and€that€Hanna€agreed€to€be€questioned.€€According€toÐ 2 (( ÐRichardson,€he€made€no€threats€or€promises€to€Hanna€and€did€not€coerce€him€in€anyÏway.€€Hanna€was€an€adult€at€the€time€of€questioning.Ìâ âÐ 8¸.. Ðà ` àOn€cross„examination€at€the€suppression€hearing,€Sergeant€RichardsonÏâ âtestified€that€he€may€have€told€Defendant€Hanna€that€Andre€Hamilton€and€DerrickÏColeman€had€already€turned€themselves€in€to€the€police.€€He€also€admitted€thatÏHanna€stated€that€he€had€not€come€to€talk€with€the€police€earlier€because€he€wasÏscared.€€However,€according€to€Sergeant€Richardson,€Hanna€did€not€appear€scaredÏduring€the€interview,€nor€did€he€appear€to€be€under€the€influence€of€drugs€or€alcohol.ÌÌà ` àDefendant€Hanna€testified€in€his€own€behalf€at€the€suppression€hearing.€€HeÏstated€that€the€police€had€come€to€his€motherððs€home€looking€for€him€on€DecemberÏ31,€1993,€but€that€he€was€not€there.€€Sergeant€Richardson€left€a€business€card,€andÏHanna€called€to€arrange€a€meeting€on€the€following€day.€€Hanna€further€testified€thatÏboth€Andre€Hamilton€and€Derrick€Coleman€had€telephoned€him€to€let€him€know€thatÏthey€had€given€statements.€€According€to€Hanna,€he€was€handcuffed€to€a€chairÏduring€the€interview.€€He€also€said€that€Sergeant€Richardson€cut€off€the€tape€recorderÏduring€the€interview€to€tell€him€what€to€say,€but€he€could€not€identify€where€SergeantÏRichardson€had€done€so€from€looking€at€his€statement€at€the€hearing.€€DefendantÏHanna€testified€that€Sergeant€Richardson€told€him€if€he€would€say€that€DefendantÏLane€had€been€the€trigger€man€as€Andre€Hamilton€and€Derrick€Coleman€had€said,Ïthen€he€(Hanna)€would€be€allowed€to€go€home.€€Hanna€also€said€that€he€does€notÏread€very€well€and€that€he€was€scared€during€the€interview.€€The€trial€court€deniedÏDefendant€Hannaððs€€motion€to€suppress.€€ÌòòÌTrial€TestimonyÌóóà ` àThe€facts€presented€at€trial€revealed€that€in€December€1993,€Billy€Mosley€livedÐ 8¸.. Ðwith€his€wife€Artis€Mosley,€his€son€Kenneth€Mosley,€and€his€stepdaughter€DanyaleÐ  :À00 ÐDavis€at€6858€Birch€Run€Lane€in€Memphis,€Tennessee.€€On€the€evening€ofÏDecember€27,€1993,€he€and€Ms.€Mosley€had€gone€to€bed€and€Kenneth€Mosley€hadÏgone€out€bowling€and/or€to€a€wrestling€match.€€Kenneth€returned€home€betweenÏ10:00€and€10:30€p.m.€€Shortly€thereafter,€Billy€Mosley€heard€a€loud€ð ðbumpðð€and€thenÏhe€heard€screaming€in€the€house.€€Billy€Mosley€got€out€of€bed,€and€as€he€opened€hisÏbedroom€door,€a€man€put€a€gun€in€his€face€and€told€him€to€get€back€in€the€bedroom.€ÏKenneth€Mosley€also€told€his€dad€to€return€to€his€bedroom.€€During€this€time,€BillyÏMosley€heard€someone€yelling€to€Kenneth€Mosley,€ð ðWhereððs€the€money,€whereððs€theÏdamn€dope.ðð€€Billy€Mosley€and€his€wife€retreated€to€the€bathroom€off€of€theirÏbedroom.€€They€then€heard€a€single€gunshot€and€Mrs.€Mosley€ran€out€of€the€room.€ÏBilly€Mosley€heard€someone€yell€at€his€wife€to€get€down€on€the€floor.€€ShortlyÏthereafter,€he€heard€someone€say,€ð ðWeððve€been€in€this€house€too€long,€letððs€get€outÏof€here.ðð€€Billy€Mosley€emerged€a€short€time€later€to€find€Kenneth€Mosley€lying€on€theÏfloor€face€down,€having€been€shot€in€the€back.€€He€also€noticed€that€his€front€doorÏhad€been€broken€down.ÌÌà ` àBilly€Mosley€discovered€that€his€wallet€and€pager,€which€had€been€on€theÏdresser€in€his€bedroom,€were€missing.€€He€testified€that€Kenneth€Mosley€looked€asÏif€he€had€been€searched€because€his€clothes€were€ð ðopen,ðð€and€his€pants€pocketsÏwere€turned€inside€out.€€Mosley€was€unable€to€find€the€jewelry€which€Kenneth€MosleyÏnormally€wore.€€A€gallon€jug€of€coins€that€had€been€on€the€floor€at€the€front€door€wasÏalso€missing.€€Mr.€Mosley€testified€that€he€had€once€overheard€an€argument€betweenÏKenneth€Mosley€and€an€individual€called€ð ðNardo.ðð€€Although€Billy€Mosley€was€notÏâ âvery€familiar€with€Nardo,€he€testified€that€Nardo€had€once€come€to€the€house€and€leftÐ 8¸.. Ða€note€for€Kenneth.€€However,€he€could€not€remember€the€exact€date€of€Nardoððs€visit.€ÏThe€note,€which€was€admitted€at€trial,€stated€the€following:Ìâ âÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àSay€ma[]n€you€need€to€call€me€soon€as€possible€becauseÏI€donððt€know€what€you€pulling.€€[I]€told€you€I€was€on€my€wayÏand€you€said€you€was€not€going€no€w[h]ere.€€Iððm€not€askingÏyou€no€more.€€Itððs€been€a€straight€month€and€this€is€lastÏtime.€€Donððt€take€this€as€a€[threat].€€You€just€need€[to]€stopÏplaying.€€Iððm€not€playing€no€more.€[phone€number]ðð€Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÓá6ÓÌà ` àOn€cross„examination,€Billy€Mosley€stated€that€he€only€caught€a€glimpse€of€theÏman€who€put€a€gun€in€his€face.€€That€man€had€nothing€covering€his€face.€€MosleyÏalso€testified€that€he€was€not€harmed€during€the€incident.€€He€said€that€the€gunshotÏcame€after€the€intruders€had€been€in€the€house€approximately€five€minutes.Ìà ` àÌà ` àArtis€Mosley,€Kennethððs€mother,€testified€to€much€of€the€same€events€as€herÏhusband.€€She€said€that€she€heard€her€daughter€say,€ð ðPlease€donððt€hurt€me,ðð€andÏthat€she€then€ran€out€of€the€bathroom€and€bedroom€to€the€living€room.€€A€man€thenÏput€a€gun€in€her€face€and€instructed€her€to€lie€down€on€the€floor.€€One€of€the€intrudersÏhad€a€towel€covering€his€face.€€She€observed€her€son€lying€on€the€floor.€€She€sawÏanother€man€with€a€gun€ransacking€an€adjacent€bedroom.€€The€man€with€a€towelÏover€his€face€took€Mrs.€Mosleyððs€rings€from€her€fingers.€€Mrs.€Mosley€testified€furtherÏthat€Nardo€had€called€their€house€on€several€occasions.€€She€said€that€the€voice€ofÏthe€man€with€a€towel€over€his€face€sounded€like€that€of€Nardo.€€ÌÌà ` àDanyale€Davis,€Kennethððs€stepsister,€testified€that€she€had€discovered€sheÏwas€pregnant€earlier€on€the€day€of€the€home€invasion.€€She€stated€that€she€was€onÏthe€telephone€in€her€bedroom€when€she€heard€the€loud€crash€that€night.€€She€wentÏto€her€bedroom€door€and€as€she€reached€it,€the€door€was€thrown€open€and€she€sawÐ  :À00 Ða€man€with€a€towel€over€his€face€holding€a€gun.€The€man€took€money€from€her€purseÏand€proceeded€to€move€her€about€the€house,€instructing€her€to€ð ðfind€the€dopeÏmoney.ðð€€Ms.€Davis€asked€the€man€not€to€hurt€her€because€she€was€pregnant,€andÏthe€man€replied,€ð ðwell,€find€the€dope€money.ðð€€They€proceeded€through€the€houseÏlooking€for€money,€and€as€they€did€so,€Ms.€Davis€saw€Kenneth€Mosley€lying€on€theÏfloor€with€a€man€standing€over€him€holding€a€gun.€€ÌÌà ` àFollowing€the€shooting,€Ms.€Davis€was€shown€two€photo€arrays€by€SergeantÏRichardson.€€She€identified€Defendant€Hanna€in€one€of€the€arrays€and€DefendantÏLane€in€the€other€one.€€She€further€identified€both€Defendants€in€court€as€theÏperpetrators.€However,€Ms.€Davis€was€unable€to€say€who€actually€shot€KennethÏMosley.€€Ms.€Davis€also€identified€Kenneth€Mosleyððs€address€book€at€trial.€€ThatÏaddress€book€had€a€listing€for€Nardo€and€phone€number€next€to€his€name.€€ThatÏnumber€matched€the€telephone€number€on€the€note€left€with€Billy€Mosley€for€KennethÏMosley.ÌÌà ` àSergeant€Richardson€testified€that€he€learned€that€the€telephone€number€listedÏbeside€the€name€Nardo€in€Kenneth€Mosleyððs€address€book€and€on€the€note€left€forÏKenneth€Mosley,€belonged€to€a€pager€registered€to€Defendant€Lane.€€While€atÏDefendant€Laneððs€home,€the€police€called€the€number€and€observed€a€pager€comeÏvibrating€out€from€under€a€chest€of€drawers.€€Defendant€Lane€admitted€that€the€pagerÏwas€his.ÌÌà ` àSergeant€Richardson€also€explained€that€he€took€statements€from€DefendantÏHanna€and€Andre€Hamilton.€€ñÝñœñÝñHamilton€indicated€that€it€was€Hanna€and€Lane€whoÐ  :À00 Ðentered€the€ñÝñœñÝñMosleyñÝñ›ñÝñ€ñÛññÚñHñÚññÛññÜñhome.€€He€also€indicated€the€purpose€of€going€to€the€ñÜññÝñœñÝññÜñMosleyñÜññÝñ›ñÝññÜñÏhome€was€to€get€money.€€ñÜññÝñœñÝñAfter›€waiting€in€the€car€for€a€time,€Hamilton€and€DerrickÏColeman€approached€the€home.€€As€they€did€so,€they€heard€a€gunshot.€€HamiltonÏthen€returned€back€to€the€vehicle.€€Defendant€Hannaððs€statement€indicated€thatÏHanna€was€indeed€inside€the€Mosley€home.€€According€to€Defendant€Hanna,€he€wasÏin€a€back€room€when€he€heard€a€gunshot.€€Defendant€Hanna€admitted€that€they€wereÏall€going€to€split€the€money,€but€stated€that€he€did€not€find€any€money.ÌÌà ` àSergeant€Richardson€also€retrieved€live€.380€caliber€Winchester€ammunitionÏfrom€Defendant€Hannaððs€residence.€€During€the€course€of€an€interview€with€DerrickÏColeman,€Sergeant€Richardson€learned€that€a€.380€handgun€was€missing€from€theÏColeman€household.€€Colemanððs€mother€gave€Sergeant€Richardson€ammunitionÏfrom€the€spare€clip€to€the€gun.€€Sergeant€Richardson€sent€this€ammunition€to€theÏTennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation€for€testing€against€the€bullet€recovered€fromÏKenneth€Mosleyððs€body€and€the€spent€shell€recovered€from€the€Mosley€home.€ÏDefendant€Hanna€admitted€to€having€possessed€a€.380€handgun€on€the€night€of€theÏshooting.€€Sergeant€Richardson€also€testified€that€a€towel€matching€the€descriptionÏof€the€one€worn€by€one€of€the€intruders€was€recovered€from€the€vehicle€driven€byÏAndre€Hamilton€on€the€night€of€the€shooting.€€ÌÌà ` àRobert€Royse,€a€forensic€scientist€with€the€TBI,€testified€concerning€firearmsÏidentification€testing.€€Royse€testified€that€the€bullet€recovered€from€Kenneth€MosleyÏwas€a€.380€auto€bullet,€and€that€the€spent€shell€casing€recovered€from€the€MosleyÏhome€was€a€.380€auto€Winchester€shell.€€Royse€further€testified€that€two€live€roundsÏof€ammunition€also€went€to€him€for€testing€and€that€they€were€.380€auto€Winchester.Ð  :À00 Їà ` àDr.€Jerry€Francisco€testified€that€Kenneth€Mosley€died€from€a€single€gunshotÏwound€to€the€back€€which€tore€through€his€major€organs€and€severed€his€aorta.€€Dr.ÏFrancisco€stated€that€he€found€no€drugs€or€alcohol€in€Kenneth€Mosleyððs€system.€€TheÏdistance€of€the€gunshot€was€greater€than€two€feet€from€Kenneth€Mosleyððs€body.ÌÌà ` àDefendant€Hanna€offered€no€proof€at€trial.€€Defendant€Lane€offered€only€theÏtestimony€of€Paul€Dalhauser,€a€genetic€testing€expert.€€Dalhauser€testified€that€heÏattempted€to€perform€DNA€testing€on€the€towel€recovered€from€Andre€HamiltonððsÏvehicle.€€However,€the€towel€did€not€contain€enough€DNA€for€analysis,€so€the€testÏwas€inconclusive.ÌÌà@pp)DàòòI.€€IdentityóóˆÐ ¸X Ðà@îîDà(Defendants€Hanna€and€Laneððs€Issue€I)ˆÌÌà ` àIn€their€first€issue€on€appeal,€both€Defendants€argue€that€the€evidence€wasÏlegally€insufficient€to€support€their€convictions.€€Specifically,€both€DefendantsÏcontend€that€the€proof€of€the€identity€of€the€perpetrators€was€insufficient.€€They€argueÏthat€the€Stateððs€proof€did€not€establish€that€they€were€the€individuals€who€intruded€Ïthe€Mosley€home€and€committed€the€offenses€therein.ÌÌà ` àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€theÏstandard€is€whether,€after€reviewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€theÏprosection,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€theÏcrime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319€(1979).€Ð 8¸.. ÐThis€standard€is€applicable€to€findings€of€guilt€predicated€upon€direct€evidence,Ð  :À00 Ðcircumstantial€evidence€or€a€combination€of€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence.€ÏòòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€On€appeal,€theÐ h  ÐState€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€inferencesÏtherefrom.€€òòState€œv.€ñÝñóóòòñÝñCabbageóó,›€571€S.W.2d€€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€Because€aÐ x Ðverdict€of€guilt€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€and€replaces€it€with€aÏpresumption€of€guilt,€the€accused€has€the€burden€in€this€court€of€illustrating€why€theÏevidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€verdict€returned€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.Ð 0  ÐWilliamsóó,€914€S.W.2d€940,€945€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)€(citing€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639Ð ˜8 ÐS.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982));€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973).Ð  @ ÐÌà ` àQuestions€concerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€toÏbe€given€the€evidence,€as€well€as€all€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence,€areÏresolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€this€court.€€òòState€v.€Pappasóó,€754€S.W.2d€620,€623Ð À!` Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€òòidóó.€(Tenn.€1987).€€Nor€may€this€courtÐ È#h Ðreweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€at€835.€€A€jury€verdictÐ Ð%p Ðapproved€by€the€trial€judge€accredits€the€Stateððs€witnesses€and€resolves€all€conflictsÏin€favor€of€the€State.€€òòGraceóó,€493€S.W.2d€at€476.à È àÐ à)€  ÐÌà ` àMoreover,€a€criminal€offense€may€be€established€exclusively€by€circumstantialÏevidence.€òòDuchac€v.€Stateóó,€505€S.W.2d€237€(Tenn.€1973);€òòState€œv.€Jonesóó,›€901Ð ø/˜&& ÐS.W.2d€393,€396€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€òòState€v.€Lequireóó,€634€S.W.2d€608€(Tenn.Ð 2 (( ÐCrim.€App.€1981).€However,€before€an€accused€may€be€convicted€of€a€criminalÏoffense€based€upon€circumstantial€evidence€alone,€the€facts€and€circumstancesÏ"must€be€so€strong€and€cogent€as€to€exclude€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€every€otherÏreasonable€hypothesis€save€guilt€of€the€defendant."€òòState€v.€Crawfordóó,€225€Tenn.Ð  :À00 Ð478,€470€S.W.2d€610€(1971);€òòJonesóó,€901€S.W.2d€at€396.€In€other€words,€"[a]€web€ofÐ `  Ðguilt€must€be€woven€around€the€defendant€from€which€he€cannot€escape€and€fromÏwhich€facts€and€circumstances€the€jury€could€draw€no€other€reasonable€inferenceÏsave€the€guilt€of€the€defendant€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€òòCrawfordóó,€470€S.W.2dÐ x Ðat€613;€òòState€v.€McAfeeóó,€737€S.W.2d€304,€306€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€Ð €  ÐÌà ` àIn€the€case€òòsubóó€òòjudiceóó,€the€State€offered€sufficient€evidence€establishingÐ 0  ÐDefendants€as€the€perpetrators€of€the€crimes.€€Artis€Mosley€testified€that€the€voiceÏof€the€man€with€a€towel€over€his€face€sounded€like€that€of€the€individual€identified€asÏNardo€(Defendant€Lane).€€Kenneth€Mosleyððs€address€book€was€admitted€intoÏevidence€and€it€contained€a€telephone€number€next€to€the€name€Nardo.€€UponÏinvestigation,€police€learned€that€the€phone€number€was€registered€to€a€pagerÏbelonging€to€Defendant€Lane.€€Furthermore,€Danyale€Davis€identified€bothÏDefendants€from€photo€arrays€shown€to€her€by€Sergeant€Richardson€two€days€afterÏthe€crimes.€€At€trial,€Ms.€Davis€again€identified€both€Defendants€as€the€perpetratorsÏin€her€home.€€Moreover,€Defendant€Hannaððs€own€statement€to€police€indicated€thatÏhe€was€in€fact€present€at€the€Mosley€home€during€the€crimes.€€It€is€well„establishedÏthat€the€identification€of€a€defendant€as€the€perpetrator€of€the€offense€for€which€heÏis€on€trial€is€a€question€of€fact€for€determination€by€the€jury.€€òòState€v.€Stricklandóó,€885Ð ð-$$ ÐS.W.2d€85,€87€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993),€œòòperm.€to›€appeal€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1994).€Ð ø/˜&& ÐFurther,€the€identification€testimony€of€a€victim€is,€by€itself,€sufficient€to€support€aÏconviction.€€òòIdóó.€€Danyale€Davisðð€identification€of€both€Defendants€as€the€perpetratorsÐ 4¨** Ðis€thus€sufficient€alone€to€support€the€convictions€in€the€case.€€This€issue€is€withoutÏmerit.Ìà ` àÐ  :À00 ЇÓ  ÓòòII.€€Motion€to€SuppressóóÐ `  Ð(Defendant€Hannaððs€Issue€II)ÌÓ½cÓÌà ` àIn€his€second€issue€on€appeal,€Defendant€Hanna€argues€that€the€trial€courtÏerred€in€denying€the€motion€to€suppress€his€statement€to€police.€€Defendant€HannaÏcontends€that€this€statement€was€not€voluntary€and€was€coerced€from€him€with€theÏpromise€that€he€could€go€home€if€he€identified€Defendant€Lane€as€the€trigger€man.€ÏDefendant€Hanna€also€points€out€that€his€youth€(he€was€18€years€old€at€the€time€ofÏthe€statement)€and€his€lack€of€formal€education€affected€his€decision€to€make€aÏstatement.ÌÌà ` àAn€appellate€court€should€uphold€a€trial€courtððs€decision€on€a€motion€toÏsuppress,€unless€the€evidence€in€the€record€preponderates€against€the€finding.€ÏòòState€v.€Henningóó,€975€S.W.2d€290,€299€(Tenn.€1998).€€Questions€of€credibility€ofÐ È#h Ðwitnesses,€the€weight€and€value€of€the€evidence,€and€resolution€of€conflicts€in€theÏevidence€are€matters€entrusted€to€the€trial€judge€as€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòState€œv.€Odomóó,›Ð Ø'x Ð928€S.W.2d€18,€23€(Tenn.€1996).€€The€party€prevailing€in€the€trial€court€is€entitled€toÏthe€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence,€as€well€as€all€reasonable€andÏlegitimate€inferences€that€may€be€drawn€from€the€evidence.€€òòIdóó.€€Ð ð-$$ Ðà ` àÌà ` àThe€United€States€Supreme€Court€has€interpreted€the€Fifth€Amendment€in€partÏto€require€that€an€incriminating€statement€or€confession€be€freely€and€voluntarilyÏgiven€in€order€to€be€admissible.€€This€even€applies€to€statements€obtained€after€theÏproper€òòMirandaóó€warnings€have€been€issued.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Kellyóó,€603€S.W.2d€726Ð 8¸.. Ð(Tenn.€1980).€€Statements€and€confessions€not€made€as€a€result€of€custodialÐ  :À00 Ðinterrogations€must€also€be€voluntary€to€be€admissible.€€òòSeeóó€òòArizona€v.€Fulimanteóó,Ð `  Ð499€U.S.€279,€286„88,€111€S.€Ct.€1246,€1252„53,€113€L.€Ed.€2d€302€(1991).€€It€mustÏnot€be€extracted€by€ð ðany€sort€of€threats€or€violence,€nor€obtained€by€any€direct€orÏimplied€promises,€however€slight,€nor€by€the€exertion€of€any€improper€influence.ðð€ÏòòBram€v.€œUnited€Statesóó,›€168€U.S.€532,€542„43,€18€S.€Ct.€183,€187,€42€L.€Ed.€568Ð €  Ð(1897)€(citation€omitted).€€Moreover,€due€process€requires€that€confessions€tenderedÏin€response€to€either€physical€or€psychological€coercion€be€suppressed.€€òòRogers.€v.Ð 0  ÐRichmondóó,€365€U.S.€534,€540„41,€81€S.€Ct.€735,€739,€5€L.€Ed.€2d€760€(1961);€òòKellyóó,Ð ˜8 Ð603€S.W.2d€at€728„29.€€This€has€evolved€into€the€ð ðtotality€of€circumstancesðð€test€toÏdetermine€whether€a€confession€is€voluntary.€€òòFulimanteóó,€499€U.S.€at€285„87,€111Ð ¨H ÐS.€Ct.€at€1251„52;€òòState€v.€Crumpóó,€834€S.W.2d€265,€271€(Tenn.),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€506Ð °P ÐU.S.€905,€113€S.€Ct.€298,€121€L.€Ed.€2d€221€(1992).ÌÌà ` àThe€voluntariness€test€under€the€Tennessee€Constitution€has€been€held€to€beÏmore€protective€of€individual€rights€than€the€test€under€the€United€StatesÏConstitution.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Stephensonóó,€878€S.W.2d€530,€544€(Tenn.€1994).€€For€theÐ Ø'x Ðrelinquishment€of€rights€to€be€effective,€Defendant€must€have€personal€awarenessÏof€both€the€nature€of€the€right€and€the€consequences€of€abandoning€his€rights.€€òòSeeóóÐ è+ˆ"" Ðòòidóó.€at€544„45.€€Additionally,€his€statements€cannot€be€the€result€of€intimidation,Ð ð-$$ Ðcoercion€or€deception.€€òòIdóó.€at€544.€€In€determining€whether€the€statements€wereÐ ø/˜&& Ðvoluntary,€the€reviewing€court€looks€at€the€totality€of€the€circumstances€surroundingÏthe€relinquishment€of€the€right.€€òòIdóó.€at€545.Ð 4¨** Ðà ` àÌ€€€€€€€€€€The€trial€court€found€that€the€statements€were€made€voluntarily.€€We€haveÏstudied€the€evidence,€and€considering€the€totality€of€the€circumstances,€we€cannotÐ  :À00 Ðconclude€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€denying€Defendantððs€motion€to€suppress€on€thisÏissue.€€Again,€the€courtððs€determination€that€the€statements€were€given€knowinglyÏand€voluntarily€is€binding€upon€the€appellate€courts€unless€the€defendant€establishesÏthat€the€evidence€in€the€record€preponderates€against€the€trial€courtððs€ruling.€ÏòòHenningóó,€975€S.W.2d€at€299.Ð €  Ðà ` àÌà ` àIn€the€instant€case,€Sergeant€Charles€Richardson€testified€that€DefendantÏHanna€voluntarily€appeared€at€the€police€station€for€questioning.€€Hanna€hadÏpreviously€learned€that€both€Andre€Hamilton€and€Derrick€Coleman€had€givenÏstatements€to€police.€€Sergeant€Richardson€informed€Defendant€of€the€purpose€ofÏthe€questioning€and€Hanna€signed€a€òòMirandaóó€rights€waiver€form€after€being€read€hisÐ °P Ðrights.€€According€to€Sergeant€Richardson,€Hanna€did€not€appear€scared€during€theÏinterview€and€did€not€appear€to€be€under€the€influence€of€drugs€or€alcohol.Ìà ` àÌà ` àDefendant€Hanna€testified€at€the€hearing€that€he€was€handcuffed€to€a€chairÏduring€the€interview€and€that€he€was€scared.€€He€further€said€that€SergeantÏRichardson€actually€cut€off€the€tape€recorder€during€the€interview€in€order€to€tell€himÏexactly€what€to€say.€€On€cross„examination,€however,€Hanna€was€unable€to€pinpointÏin€his€statement€where€Sergeant€Richardson€had€actually€cut€off€the€tape€recorder.ÌÌà ` àThe€trial€court€was€faced€with€conflicting€testimony€which€presented€aÏcredibility€question€for€the€trial€judge.€€In€its€findings€of€fact,€the€trial€court€specificallyÏfound€that€Defendant€Hanna€knowingly,€voluntarily,€and€intelligently€waived€hisÏòòMirandaóó€rights.€€œThe›€œtrñÞñiñÞñañßñiñßñl›€judge€further€stated€that€she€was€not€œ€persuaded›€byÐ 8¸.. ÐHannaððs€testimony€that€he€did€not€understand€his€rights.€€The€trial€court€œspecifically›Ð  :À00 Ðfound€that€she€was€not€persuaded€by€Defendantððs€testimony€that€he€was€promisedÏhe€could€go€home€if€he€gave€a€statement.€€We€have€reviewed€the€record€and€findÏthat€the€evidence€does€not€preponderate€against€the€trial€courtððs€ruling.€€òòSeeóóÐ p  ÐòòHenningóó,€975€S.W.2d€at€299.€€We€are€unable€to€grant€relief€to€Defendant€on€thisÐ x Ðissue.ÌÌòòÓ  ÓIII.€€Double€JeopardyóóÐ 0  Ð(Defendant€Hannaððs€Issue€III€and€Defendant€Laneððs€Issue€II)ÌÓ}|Óà ` àÌà ` àBoth€Defendants€argue€in€this€issue€that€the€juryððs€finding€of€guilt€as€to€bothÏpremeditated€murder€and€felony€murder€violates€double€jeopardy€principles.€ÏDefendants€argue€that€the€juryððs€finding€of€guilt€on€the€second€count€of€theÏindictment,€charging€first€degree€premeditated€murder,€after€it€had€already€found€guiltÏas€to€the€first€count€charging€first€degree€felony€murder,€constituted€double€jeopardy.€ÏDefendants€contend€that€the€trial€court€therefore€improperly€denied€their€motions€toÏset€aside€the€verdict€of€guilt€as€to€first€degree€premeditated€murder.ÌÌà ` àWe€find€Defendantsðð€contentions€to€be€without€merit€as€a€panel€of€this€CourtÏhas€previously€held€that€a€dual€finding€of€guilt€as€to€both€premeditated€and€felonyÏmurder€does€not€violate€double€jeopardy€protections.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Addisonóó,€973Ð ø/˜&& ÐS.W.2d€260€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1998).€€In€aÐ 2 (( Ðcase€involving€a€single€killing€where€the€jury€has€found€the€defendant€guilty€underÏboth€theories€of€first€degree€premeditated€murder€and€felony€murder,€the€trial€courtÏshould€accept€both€verdicts€but€enter€only€one€judgment€of€conviction,€therebyÏmerging€the€two€verdicts.€€òòIdóó.€at€267;€òòCarter€v.€Stateóó,€958€S.W.2d€620,€624„25€(Tenn.Ð  :À00 Ð1997).€€The€single€judgment€of€conviction€should€note€the€merger€of€the€two€countsÏreturned€by€the€jury.€€òòSeeóó€òòAddisonóó,€973€S.W.2d€at€267.Ð h  ÐÌà ` àIn€the€case€òòsubóó€òòjudiceóó,€the€trial€court€attempted€to€follow€the€correct€procedure.€Ð x ÐAt€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€noted€that€the€Defendants€had€beenÏconvicted€of€both€first€degree€premeditated€murder€and€first€degree€felony€murder.€ÏIn€sentencing€Defendants,€however,€the€trial€judge€specifically€noted€that€she€wasÏmerging€the€two€counts€as€to€each€Defendant.€€Accordingly,€each€Defendant€wasÏsentenced€to€a€single€life€term€for€the€conviction€of€first€degree€murder.€€ÌÌà ` àThe€State€has€noted€in€its€brief€that€there€are€two€judgments€reflecting€aÏconviction€of€Defendant€Hanna€for€first€degree€murder.€€One€of€these€reflects€aÏconviction€for€felony€murder€in€the€perpetration€of€robbery€and€the€other€forÏpremeditated€first€degree€murder.€€The€State€submits€that€one€of€the€judgmentsÏmistakenly€had€Defendantððs€Hannaððs€name€rather€than€Defendant€Lane.€€However,Ïeach€judgment€lists€Defendant€Hannaððs€date€of€birth€and€social€security€number.€ÏThere€is€no€judgment€in€the€record€on€appeal€reflecting€a€conviction€of€DefendantÏLane€for€either€felony€murder€or€first€degree€€premeditated€murder€in€accordanceÏwith€the€verdict€of€the€jury.€€ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àWe€are€also€unable€to€find€in€the€record€any€order€as€to€eitherÏDefendant€reflecting€that€the€convictions€for€first€degree€murder€were€merged.€InÏsituations€such€as€this,€the€appropriate€procedure€is€for€the€trial€court€to€specificallyÏâ ânote€the€merger€of€two€convictions€of€first€degree€murder€in€one€judgment€for€eachÐ 8¸.. ÐDefendant€reflecting€a€conviction€of€first€degree€murder.€€òòAddisonóó,€973€S.W.2d€atÐ `  Ð267.Ìâ âÌà ` àà ¸ àWe€affirm€the€convictions€of€Defendant€Hanna€and€Defendant€Lane€forÏthe€offenses€for€which€they€were€found€guilty€by€the€jury.€€However,€we€find€itÏnecessary€to€remand€this€case€to€the€trial€court€to€enter€a€judgment€as€to€eachÏDefendant€reflecting€a€conviction€for€first€degree€murder€and€specifically€noting€thatÏthe€two€convictions€for€first€degree€murder€were€merged€into€one€judgment€for€eachÏDefendant.€€Furthermore,€the€trial€court€is€to€enter€an€order€striking€œñàñone›€of›€ñàñthe›€previouslyÏentered€judgments€of€first€degree€murder€for€Defendant€Hanna.ÌÌÓÓà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à____________________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JudgeÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌJOHN€H.€PEAY,€Judgeà h àÐ ä*„!! ÐÌÌ___________________________________ÌJOE€G.€RILEY,€JudgeÌ