ÿWPC{ Ї!ɨS÷,PmÅÓÃá âÖoá(¾¼Œßåð'¸^šªuŲ R¶¡ÂƒÔÛL)û;Ó˜i Ñwþ©|&U`#CF¸ËŸó×Sf—g+]綈LËÀ#Bc¡àn…`ÞqJpq1u XÙÚ”sÓô­û ¾r ‚6nMsƒPé”·ž f:ôÒ¶Ñ©êñ«ö Bâ¿]€åãËþB+B=ß®"×ô© 8ódàò§o6嬸Vº)½EË{ü%ûd«øuîÐ&è`|AÏÕfgk›ù½kþ¼_&Ÿpdz˜æ¦ÿ£H³Ù’ Ú¥©†@)çìþW—!<ÅWƒì©î×èm¤ ‡·ˆt»—;ýë¿6—°[oÒþНorFúvÚ7YU;ðˆñu°úúhò™m‚TO~®©š«ëA2nhI®r‰)ŒÒ °©ÀXä:®—jó?z]Ìñò­PÛMúØ.j)Žy.ì žg¾&GPr“ ̇PY_7ÈVƒàƒ~ ìo²øbP¡FPÊ·–H ô&{ÒÛfƘ¹áw<ûÿÉe|½eI{ Tˆ´Ê*ìËæ² êXÍü°n€•*¼ ñãÝ/?a–‰1e…# F U>Q % 0í• UB‚ 4Ä Ø n­ç U:” fÎ 4 "< w@^ åž U:ƒ-½U:êä$U: BBBBBB D3___ 0D’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’ AOÖÆ%% 0Dë D// B^˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ<èÀ( 9Z &Courier RegularX(ÅÕÐ$¡¡Ñ  ÑÑ7€'CXXdÈXXdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXiÓ<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiuM%3|xú «<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉJQX@,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular \Ñ\R AØ'ÿ Legal\Ñ Ñ Ü ÑÑ  Ñ æ ç è Eé ?eê Eë ì Uí Uî Ó€ø  ÛÔ€XœÆXXXÔÔ€Y~XXœÆÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€XœÆXY~ÔÐ  ÐÌJuly€12,€1999ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó¯"Arial Regular #Ñ#€iXÿÿd#Ñ,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ÚÔ€XœÆXXXÔÔ€Y~XXœÆÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€XœÆXY~ÔÐ  ÐÌJuly€9,€1999ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular d%%%%'ÿÿdxd(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒÕÐ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ7€»•XXdÈdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXiÓÝ  Ýñé ñ›ñé ññé ñ›ñé ñѰÑÑܰÑÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÓÓÑ€ †ÑÑ€ í:ÑÔ€ XœÆXXXÔÑ7€ œÆ XXdæXXdÈ7ÑÑ€¼Ñ Ññî ñœñî ññø ññî ñßr€*<,(j 8` `€€@E  ` 8ttxPXð  rßñî ññø ññø ñßr€*<,(j 8` `€€@E  ` 8ttxPXð  rßñø ññî ñ›ñî ñ€à8 ¸ àà@Ñ Ñ D¸ x¸ xàIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ  Ðà@ƒƒ%DàAT€NASHVILLEà@@66-Rà€€€€€€€€€ˆÌà ¸ àà  à€€€€€€€€€€€€€JUNE€1999€SESSIONÌÌÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à h àà À à)à  àÐ 80 Ѐà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)Ð   Ðà ¸ àAppellee,€à h àà À à)à  àNo.€01C01„9809„CR„00374Ð ü  Ðà ¸ à€€€€€à  àà h à€€à À à)Ð êâ  Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àDavidson€CountyÐ ÐÈ  Ðv.à ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)€€€€€€€€€Ð ¶®  Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àHonorable€Cheryl€Blackburn,€Judge€€€€€Ð œ”  Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)ÌERVIN€LEE€HAYES,€à h à€€à À à)à  à(Attempted€first€degree€murder,€two€counts)Ð h` Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)€€€€€€€€Ìà ¸ àAppellant.à h àà À à)Ð 4, ÐÌÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à  àà h àà À àà  àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:Ð ÌÄ ÐÌJ.€Michael€Engleà  àà h àà À àà  àPaul€G.€SummersÐ ˜ ÐAssistant€Public€Defenderà h àà À àà  àAttorney€General€of€TennesseeÐ ~v Ð1202€Stahlman€Buildingà h àà À àà  àà p àandÐ d\ ÐNashville,€TN€37201à h àà À àà  àClinton€J.€MorganÐ JB Ð(AT€TRIAL)à ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€Attorney€General€of€Tennessee€Ð 0 ( Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à425€Fifth€Avenue€Northà x àà Ð àÐ ! Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€37243„0493ÌJeffrey€A.€DeVasherÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà h àà À àà  àVictor€S.€Johnson,€IIIÐ È#À  Ð1202€Stahlman€Buildingà h àà À àà  àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÐ ®$¦! ÐNashville,€TN€37201à h àà À àà  àà p àandÐ ”%Œ" Ð(ON€APPEAL)à  àà h àà À àà  àDan€HammÐ z&r# Ѐ€€€à ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÐ `'X $ Ðà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àWashington€Square,€Suite€500Ìà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à222€2nd€Avenue€NorthÌà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€37201„1649Ìà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àandÌà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àSharon€BroxÌà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àWashington€Square,€Suite€500Ìà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à222€2nd€Avenue€NorthÌà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€37201„1649ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:____________________ÌÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌJoseph€M.€TiptonÌJudgeÐ >:639‡ ЇÌÌÓÓà@õõ)Dàòòò òO€P€I€N€I€O€NˆÐ ÔÌ ÐÌó óóóà ¸ àThe€defendant,€Ervin€Lee€Hayes,€appeals€as€of€right€from€his€convictionsÐ „ | Ðby€a€jury€in€the€Davidson€County€Criminal€Court€for€two€counts€of€attempted€first€degreeÏmurder,€a€Class€A€felony.€€He€was€sentenced€as€a€Range€II,€multiple€offender€to€thirty„¼five€years€confinement€in€the€custody€of€the€Department€of€Correction€for€each€ñé ñœñé ñcountñé ñ›ñé ñ€toÏbe€served€consecutively.€€The€defendant€contends€that€(1)€the€evidence€is€insufficient€toÏsupport€his€convictions,€and€(2)€the€trial€court€erred€by€imposing€an€excessive€sentenceÏand€by€ordering€consecutive€sentences.€€We€affirm€the€judgments€of€conviction.à0 (# àà Ð ààHÐ Ð FÐ àˆÐLD(#€%(#€% ÐÌà ¸ àAt€trial,€Tawanda€Parker€testified€that€she€lived€with€her€boyfriend,€AndrealÏMcLemore,€in€a€duplex€in€Nashville.€€She€testified€that€after€midnight€on€December€12,Ï1996,€the€defendant€and€his€girlfriend€knocked€on€her€door.€€She€testified€that€she€knewÏthe€defendant€and€that€he€had€previously€been€to€her€apartment.€€She€testified€that€theÏdefendant€ñé ñœñé ñenteredñé ñ›ñé ñ€and€asked€if€he€could€borrow€her€car,€to€which€she€replied€that€theÏcar€was€not€working€because€the€tailpipe€had€fallen€off.€€She€said€the€defendantÏresponded,€ð ð[D]o€you€mean€to€tell€me€that€damn€car€ainððt€working?ðð€€She€said€she€toldÏthe€defendant€that€it€was€not,€then€the€defendant€pulled€out€a€handgun€from€his€pocketÏand€shot€Mr.€McLemore.€€She€said€the€defendant€then€shot€her€in€the€left€ñé ñœñé ñjaw,ñé ñ›ñé ñ€walkedÏtoward€her€and€shot€her€again€in€the€neck.€€She€testified€that€before€the€defendant€shotÏher€and€Mr.€McLemore,€she€and€the€defendant€had€not€been€arguing€but€had€beenÏtalking€in€a€normal€tone.€€She€said€the€defendant€did€not€say€anything€immediatelyÏbefore€or€after€he€shot€them.ÌÌà ¸ àMs.€Parker€testified€that€she€and€Mr.€McLemore€lay€still€until€they€heardÏthe€defendant€leave.€€She€said€she€crawled€to€the€telephone€to€dial€9„1„1€but€could€notÏdial€the€numbers.€€She€said€she€thought€she€was€dialing€9„1„1,€but€an€operator€keptÐ ¤7œ06 Ðcoming€on€the€line€ñé ñœñé ñtelling€her€toñé ñ›ñé ñ€hang€up€and€try€again.€€She€said€she€prayed€and€wentÏto€sleep.€€She€said€she€awoke€several€times€and€tried€to€dial€9„1„1€but€wasÏunsuccessful.€€She€said€the€next€time€she€awoke,€it€was€daylight.€€She€stated€that€theÏtelephone€then€rang,€and€she€was€able€to€answer€it.€€She€said€it€was€a€friend,€and€sheÏtold€him€to€call€the€police€because€she€had€been€shot.€€Ms.€Parker€testified€that€theÏpolice€arrived€shortly€ñé ñœñé ñthereafter€andñé ñ›ñé ñ€that€she€told€them€that€the€defendant€had€shotÏthem.€€She€testified€that€a€detective€later€showed€her€two€photograph€lineups.€€SheÏtestified€that€she€did€not€see€the€defendant€in€the€first€lineup€but€that€she€identified€himÏin€the€second€one.€€She€stated€that€she€has€been€confined€to€a€wheelchair€since€theÏshooting.ÌÌà ¸ àOn€cross„examination,€Ms.€Parker€testified€that€she€had€known€theÏdefendant€for€about€three€months€before€the€shooting.€€She€stated€that€he€lived€with€hisÏmother€down€the€street€from€her.€€She€said€that€he€had€been€at€her€house€a€couple€ofÏtimes€on€the€day€of€the€shooting€to€use€her€telephone.€€She€testified€that€the€defendantÏhad€previously€bought€a€car€and€furniture€from€her.€€She€said€she€had€borrowed€moneyÏfrom€the€defendant€in€the€past€but€had€always€paid€it€back.€€She€denied€mentioning€aÏrobbery€to€one€of€the€responding€officers.€€She€said€that€when€the€defendant€was€at€herÏapartment,€no€one€was€angry,€upset€or€yelling.€€She€said€she€did€not€know€why€theÏdefendant€shot€her.€€ÌÌà ¸ àAndreal€McLemore€testified€that€he€had€known€the€defendant€about€threeÏmonths€before€the€shooting€and€that€the€defendant€had€previously€been€in€his€and€Ms.ÏParkerððs€apartment.€€He€said€he€was€friendly€with€the€defendant€and€never€had€anyÏproblems€with€him.€€He€said€that€he€was€lying€in€bed€when€the€defendant€came€to€theirÏapartment€at€about€12:30€a.m.€on€December€12.€€He€said€the€defendant€wanted€toÏborrow€Ms.€Parkerððs€car€but€could€not€do€so€because€the€tailpipe€had€fallen€off.€€He€saidÏhe€heard€the€defendant€and€Ms.€Parker€talking€but€could€not€hear€what€they€wereÐ Œ7„06 ÐÑ í:ÑÑÜÜÑÑÑÑ  Ññé ñÑ í:ÑÑÜÜÑÑÑÑ  Ññé ñsaying.€€He€testified€that€he€was€sitting€upright€on€the€bed€when€the€defendant€shot€himÏfrom€about€eight€feet€away.€€He€said€he€had€no€conversation€with€the€defendant€beforeÏhe€was€shot.€€He€said€the€bullet€struck€his€upper€left€neck,€and€he€fell€to€the€floor.€€HeÏsaid€that€after€he€was€shot,€he€heard€two€more€shots,€and€Ms.€Parker€fell€on€top€of€him.€ÏHe€said€that€after€the€defendant€left,€Ms.€Parker€crawled€to€get€the€telephone€but€couldÏnot€use€it.€€He€said€they€were€not€discovered€until€1:30€p.m.€the€following€day,€and€heÏsaid€he€was€awake€the€entire€time€and€was€unable€to€move€his€lower€body.€€He€testifiedÏthat€he€has€been€confined€to€a€wheelchair€since€the€shooting€and€that€he€has€to€live€in€aÏnursing€home€facility.ÌÌà ¸ àOn€cross„examination,€Mr.€McLemore€admitted€that€he€had€served€aÏthree„year€sentence€for€possession€of€cocaine€in€1993.€€He€said€that€neither€he€nor€Ms.ÏParker€had€any€dispute€with€the€defendant.ÌÌà ¸ àSergeant€Gary€Young€testified€that€he€was€dispatched€to€the€ñé ñœñé ñsceneñé ñ›ñé ñ€andÏdiscovered€that€the€victims€had€been€shot€inside€their€apartment.€€He€said€he€asked€Ms.ÏParker€who€shot€her,€and€she€responded,€ð ðErvin€did€it.ðð€€On€cross„examination,€heÏtestified€that€he€did€not€know€if€the€case€was€originally€handled€by€a€robbery€unit,€but€heÏhad€called€for€a€homicide€unit.ÌÌà ¸ àDetective€Frank€Pierce€testified€that€he€works€for€the€Homicide€Unit€andÏthat€when€he€arrived€at€the€scene€at€about€1:30€p.m.,€the€victims€had€already€beenÏtransported€to€the€hospital.€€He€said€he€learned€from€another€detective€that€the€victimsÏsaid€that€a€man€named€Ervin€had€shot€them.€€He€said€that€Detective€Dean€HaneyÏprepared€a€photograph€lineup€that€did€not€contain€the€defendantððs€photograph.€€He€saidÏhe€showed€the€lineup€to€the€victims,€and€they€could€not€identify€the€defendant€in€theÏlineup.€€He€said€he€prepared€a€second€lineup€containing€the€defendantððs€picture,€andÏthe€victims€were€able€to€identify€the€defendant€immediately.Ð Œ7„06 Їà ¸ àOn€cross„examination,€Detective€Pierce€testified€that€he€did€not€preserveÏthe€first€lineup.€€He€said€the€photographs€in€the€first€lineup€were€selected€by€a€computerÏbased€upon€the€information€from€the€victims.€€He€said€he€did€not€believe€any€writtenÏdescription€of€the€defendant€by€the€victims€existed.€€On€redirect€examination,€heÏtestified€that€although€he€showed€the€first€lineup€to€the€victims,€it€was€prepared€byÏDetective€Haney.€€He€said€that€as€far€as€he€knew,€the€only€information€provided€by€theÏvictims€was€the€defendantððs€name.ÌÌà ¸ àOfficer€William€Merrill€of€the€Identification€Division€of€the€MetropolitanÏPolice€Department€testified€that€he€was€in€the€area€of€the€victimsðð€apartment€onÏDecember€12€and€saw€ambulances€and€police€cars.€€He€said€that€when€he€went€insideÏthe€apartment,€Ms.€Parker€was€being€treated€and€was€unresponsive.€€He€testified€thatÏMr.€McLemore€was€able€to€speak.€€He€said€he€asked€Mr.€McLemore€who€shot€him,€andÏMr.€McLemore€responded,€ð ðErvin.ðð€€Officer€Merrill€testified€that€he€found€blood€in€severalÏareas,€including€on€the€bed,€but€that€he€did€not€find€any€shell€casings,€bullet€holes€orÏweapons€at€the€scene.€€ÌÌà ¸ àDetective€Dean€Haney€of€the€Armed€Robbery€Unit€testified€that€he€wasÏdispatched€to€the€scene€on€the€report€of€a€potential€armed€robbery.€€He€said€he€arrivedÏat€about€2:00€p.m.€€He€said€that€the€Armed€Robbery€Unit€was€dispatched€because€Ms.ÏParker€had€mentioned€robbery€to€an€officer€on€the€scene.€€He€said€he€looked€throughÏthe€apartment,€but€it€did€not€look€as€if€anything€had€been€taken.€€He€said€a€billfold€andÏpocketbook€were€still€in€the€apartment.€€He€testified€that€he€saw€Mr.€McLemore€at€theÏhospital€the€next€day€and€that€he€asked€Mr.€McLemore€if€he€had€been€robbed.€€€He€saidÏthat€Mr.€McLemore€was€unable€to€speak€but€that€he€shook€his€head€to€indicate€ð ðno.ðð€€HeÏsaid€Mr.€McLemore€shook€is€head€to€indicate€ð ðyesðð€when€he€asked€if€Ervin€had€shotÏhim.€€Detective€Haney€testified€that€the€case€was€then€turned€over€to€the€Homicide€Unit.€ÏHe€testified€that€he€assisted€Detective€Pierce€by€generating€a€computer€lineup€basedÐ Œ7„06 Ðupon€the€name€ð ðErvin.ðð€€He€said€he€did€not€know€whether€the€defendant€was€in€theÏlineup,€and€he€gave€his€paperwork€to€Detective€Pierce.€€The€jury€convicted€theÏdefendant€upon€the€foregoing€evidence.ÌÌÓ  Óò òI.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEÐ 80 Ðó óÓ  Óà ¸ àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€hisÐ   Ðconvictions.€€He€argues€that€no€evidence€exists€to€support€a€finding€of€premeditationÏnecessary€for€an€attempted€first€degree€murder€conviction.€€The€state€contends€that€theÏevidence€is€sufficient.ÌÌà ¸ àOur€standard€of€review€when€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€is€questionedÏon€appeal€is€ð ðwhether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€theÏprosecution,€òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€theÐ ¤œ Ðcrime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.Ð ph Ð2781,€2789€(1979).€€This€means€that€we€do€not€reweigh€the€evidence€but€presume€thatÏthe€jury€has€resolved€all€conflicts€in€the€testimony€and€drawn€all€reasonable€inferencesÏfrom€the€evidence€in€favor€of€the€state.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Sheffieldóó,€676€S.W.2d€542,€547Ð Ô#Ì  Ð(Tenn.€1984);€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€Ð  %˜" ÐÌà ¸ àA€person€commits€the€offense€of€criminal€attempt€when,€ð ðacting€with€theÏkind€of€culpability€otherwise€required€for€the€offense€[the€person]€.€.€.€[i]ntentionallyÏengages€in€action€or€causes€a€result€that€would€constitute€an€offense€if€theÏcircumstances€surrounding€the€conduct€were€as€the€person€believes€them€to€be[.]ððÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„101.€€First€degree€murder€is€the€ð ðpremeditated€and€intentionalÏkilling€of€another[.]ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(1).ÌÌà ¸ àA€premeditated€act€is€one€ð ðdone€after€the€exercise€of€reflection€andÏjudgment.€€ððPremeditationðð€means€that€the€intent€to€kill€must€have€been€formed€prior€toÐ ˜706 ÐÑ †ÑÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ  Ññé ñÑ †ÑÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal[  AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ Legal AØ'ÿ LegalTÑÑ  Ññé ñthe€act€itself.€€It€is€not€necessary€that€the€purpose€to€kill€pre„exist€in€the€mind€of€theÐ  Ðaccused€for€any€definite€period€of€time.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(d).ÏFurthermore,€the€element€of€premeditation€is€a€question€for€the€jury€and€may€beÏestablished€by€proof€of€the€circumstances€surrounding€the€killing.€€òòState€v.€Blandóó,€958Ð l d ÐS.W.2d€651,€660€(Tenn.€1997).€€Our€supreme€court€has€delineated€the€following€factorsÏthat€demonstrate€the€existence€of€premeditation:€the€use€of€a€deadly€weapon€upon€anÏunarmed€ñé ñœñé ñvictimñé ñ›œñé ñ,ñé ñ›ñé ñ€the€particular€cruelty€of€the€ñé ñœñé ñkillingñé ñ›œñé ñ,ñé ñ›ñé ñ€declarations€by€the€defendant€of€anÏintent€to€ñé ñœñé ñkillñé ñ›œñé ñ,ñé ñ›ñé ñ€evidence€of€procurement€of€a€ñé ñœñé ñweaponñé ñ›œñé ñ,ñé ñ›ñé ñ€preparations€before€the€killing€forÏconcealment€of€the€ñé ñœñé ñcrimeñé ñ›œñé ñ,ñé ñ›ñé ñ€and€calmness€immediately€after€the€killing.€€òòId.ó󀀀Рh` ÐÌà ¸ àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€aÏfinding€of€premeditation€because€ñé ñœñé ñnoñé ñ›ñé ñ€evidence€of€reflection€or€ñé ñœñé ñjudgment€exists.ñé ñ›ñé ñ€€HeÏargues€that€the€evidence€shows€that€he€pulled€out€the€gun€and€shot€the€victims.€€HeÏclaims€that€the€evidence€only€supports€a€conviction€for€attempted€second€degreeÏmurder.€€We€disagree.ÌÌà ¸ àWe€believe€that€the€facts€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state€supportÏthe€juryððs€finding€of€premeditation.€€The€defendant€entered€the€victimsðð€apartment€armedÏwith€a€loaded€weapon.€€He€calmly€took€the€weapon€out€of€his€pocket€and,€withoutÏwarning€or€provocation,€shot€Mr.€McLemore,€who€was€unarmed.€€He€then€turned€theÏgun€upon€Ms.€Parker,€also€unarmed,€and€shot€her€without€warning.€€He€then€walkedÏtoward€Ms.€Parker€and€shot€her€again.€€The€defendant€then€left€the€apartment,€withoutÏñé ñœñé ñcomment,ñé ñ›ñé ñ€leaving€the€injured€victims€alone.€€The€defendantððs€ñé ñœñé ñadvanceñé ñ›ñé ñ€procurement€of€aÏweapon,€his€use€of€that€weapon€on€two€unarmed€victims,€his€calmness€immediatelyÏafter€the€shooting,€and€the€cruelty€of€leaving€the€injured€victims€to€their€fate€supports€aÏfinding€of€premeditation.€€€€ÌÌÐ Œ7„06 ÐÓ  Óò òII.€€SENTENCINGÐ  Ðó óÓ  Óà ¸ àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€sentencing.€€HeÐ àØ Ðargues€that€(1)€his€sentences€are€excessive€because€the€trial€court€misapplied€anÏenhancement€factor,€and€(2)€consecutive€sentences€are€not€warranted.€€The€stateÏcontends€that€the€defendantððs€sentences€are€appropriate.€€We€agree.ÌÌà ¸ àAppellate€review€of€sentencing€is€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€on€the€record€with€aÐ ÜÔ  Ðpresumption€that€the€trial€court's€determinations€are€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„¼401(d).€€As€the€Sentencing€Commission€Comments€to€this€section€note,€the€burden€isÏnow€on€the€defendant€to€show€that€the€sentence€is€improper.€€This€means€that€if€theÏtrial€court€followed€the€statutory€sentencing€procedure,€made€findings€of€fact€that€areÏadequately€supported€in€the€record,€and€gave€due€consideration€and€proper€weight€toÏthe€factors€and€principles€that€are€relevant€to€sentencing€under€the€1989€SentencingÏAct,€we€may€not€disturb€the€sentence€even€if€a€different€result€were€preferred.€€òòState€v.Ð ph ÐFletcheróó,€805€S.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).Ð < 4 ÐÌà ¸ àHowever,€ð ðthe€presumption€of€correctness€which€accompanies€the€trialÏcourt's€action€is€conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trialÏcourt€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð€ÏòòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€In€this€respect,€for€the€purpose€ofÐ 8)0"& Ðmeaningful€appellate€review,€ÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 ¸ àthe€trial€court€must€place€on€the€record€its€reasons€forÏarriving€at€the€final€sentencing€decision,€identify€theÏmitigating€and€enhancement€factors€found,€state€theÏspecific€facts€supporting€each€enhancement€factorÏfound,€and€articulate€how€the€mitigating€andÏenhancement€factors€have€been€evaluated€andÏbalanced€in€determining€the€sentence.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„¼210(f)€(1990).€€Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌòòState€v.€Jonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597,€599€(Tenn.€1995).Ð æ4Þ-3 ÐÌâ âÐ ²6ª/5 ÐÓ  ÓÓÓà ¸ àAlso,€in€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review,€we€must€consider€(1)€the€evidence,Ð  Ðâ âif€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€sentencing€hearing,€(2)€the€presentence€report,€(3)€theÏprinciples€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives,€(4)€the€natureÏand€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conduct,€(5)€any€mitigating€or€statutory€enhancementÏfactors,€(6)€any€statement€that€the€defendant€made€on€his€own€behalf€and€(7)€theÏpotential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103,€„210;Ïòòseeóó€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€168;€òòState€v.€Mossóó,€727€S.W.2d€229€(Tenn.€1986).€Ð ÐÈ  ÐÌà ¸ àThe€sentence€to€be€imposed€by€the€trial€court€for€a€Class€A€felony€isÏpresumptively€the€midpoint€in€the€range€when€there€are€no€enhancement€or€mitigatingÏfactors€present.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(c).€€Procedurally,€the€trial€court€is€toÏincrease€the€sentence€within€the€range€based€upon€the€existence€of€enhancementÏfactors€and€then€reduce€the€sentence€as€appropriate€for€any€mitigating€factors.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(d),€(e).€€The€weight€to€be€afforded€an€existing€factor€is€left€to€theÏtrial€court's€discretion€so€long€as€it€complies€with€the€purposes€and€principles€of€theÏ1989€Sentencing€Act€and€its€findings€are€adequately€supported€by€the€record.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„210,€Sentencing€Commission€Comments;€òòMossóó,€727€S.W.2d€atÐ È#À  Ð237;€òòseeóó€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169.€Ð ”%Œ" ÐÌà ¸ àA€presentence€report€was€introduced€at€the€sentencing€hearing.€€It€reflectsÏthat€the€defendant€was€twenty„seven€years€old€at€the€time€of€sentencing€and€had€noÏmental€or€physical€health€problems.€€It€reflects€that€the€defendant€has€previousÏconvictions€for€voluntary€manslaughter€and€aggravated€assault€in€1993,€possession€ofÏcocaine€in€1992,€and€assault€with€the€intent€to€commit€armed€robbery€in€1990.€€TheÏreport€shows€that€the€defendant€completed€no€education€beyond€the€seventh€grade€andÏreported€no€employment€history.Ìâ âÐ À5¸.4 ÐÑ¼Ñ ÑÑ7€ nXXdð XXdæ7ÑÑ  Ññé ñÑ¼Ñ ÑÑ7€ËXXdð XXdæ7ÑÑ  Ññé ñà ¸ àThe€trial€court€found€the€following€enhancement€factors€applicable,€asÏâ âlisted€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114:ÌÓÓÓ  Óà8 ¸ à(1)€The€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminalÏconvictions€or€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€thoseÏnecessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range;Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8 ¸ à(5)€The€defendant€treated€or€allowed€the€victim€to€beÏtreated€with€exceptional€cruelty€during€the€commissionÏof€the€offense;Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8 ¸ à(6)€The€personal€injuries€inflicted€upon€or€the€amount€ofÏdamage€to€property€sustained€by€or€taken€from€theÏvictim€was€particularly€great;Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8 ¸ à(8)€The€defendant€has€a€previous€history€ofÏunwillingness€to€comply€with€the€conditions€of€aÏsentence€involving€release€in€the€community;Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8 ¸ à(9)€The€defendant€possessed€or€employed€a€firearm,Ïexplosive€device€or€other€deadly€weapon€during€theÏcommission€of€the€offense;€[and]Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà0 ¸ àà ° àà8¸ ¸ €%¸ €%à(11)€The€felony€resulted€in€death€or€bodily€injury€orÏinvolved€the€threat€of€death€or€bodily€injury€to€anotherÏperson€and€the€defendant€has€previously€beenÏconvicted€of€a€felony€that€resulted€in€death€or€bodilyÏinjury[.]ÓÓÐ ¸ x¸ x ÐÓ1XÓÌà ¸ àThe€trial€court€found€no€applicable€mitigating€factors€and€sentenced€theÏdefendant€as€a€Range€II,€multiple€offender€to€thirty„five€years€for€each€conviction,€to€beÏserved€consecutively.€€In€ordering€consecutive€sentences,€the€trial€court€found€that€theÏdefendant€has€an€extensive€record€of€criminal€activity€and€is€a€dangerous€offenderÏwhose€behavior€indicates€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life€and€no€hesitation€aboutÏcommitting€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€is€high.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„¼115(b)(2),€(4).€€The€trial€court€also€determined€that€consecutive€sentences€reasonablyÏrelate€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses€and€are€necessary€to€protect€the€public€from€furtherÏcriminal€activity€by€the€defendant.€€òòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933,€938€(Tenn.Ð (2 +0 Ð1995).ÌÓ  Óò òÌÐ ˜706 ЇA.€€LENGTH€OF€SENTENCEó óÐ  ÐÓ  Óà ¸ àFirst,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€applyingÏenhancement€factor€(5),€that€he€treated€or€allowed€the€victims€to€be€treated€withÏexceptional€cruelty€during€the€commission€of€the€offense.€€œTheñê ñ€ñê ññê ñsentencing€›hearing›€transcript›€reflects›€that›€the›€ñê ññë ñ€ñë ñtrial›€court€appliedÏenhancement€factor€(5)€based€upon€the€cruelty€of€the€unprovoked€shooting€and€the€factÏthat€the€defendant€left€the€injured€but€conscious€victims€in€their€apartment,€and€theyÏwere€not€found€until€the€next€day.€€In€applying€factor€(5)€based€upon€the€cruelty€of€theÏunprovoked€shooting,€the€trial€court€relied€upon€this€courtððs€opinion€in€òòState€v.€TerryÐ ¨   ÐAntonio€Lawrenceóó,€No.€01C01„9603„CR„00122,€Davidson€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð tl ÐSep.€19,€1997).€€In€that€case,€a€panel€of€this€court€held€that€factor€(5)€was€applicable€toÏenhance€the€defendantððs€attempted€first€degree€murder€conviction.€€The€panelÏconcluded€that€ð ð[t]he€unarmed€victim€offered€no€resistance€.€.€.€.€However,€theÏdefendantððs€response€to€the€victimððs€compliance€was€to€shoot€him€at€close€range€in€theÏface.€€The€trial€court€was€correct€in€finding€this€to€be€an€act€of€exceptional€cruelty.ðð€ÏòòTerry€Antonio€Lawrenceóó,€slip€op.€at€7.€€€Ð < 4 ÐÌà ¸ àInitially,€we€note€that€the€application€of€factor€(5)€requires€ð ðexceptionalÏcruelty,ðð€which€is€usually€found€in€cases€of€abuse€or€torture.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€920Ð  %˜" ÐS.W.2d€247,€250€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€Our€supreme€court€has€held€that€the€factsÏmust€ð ðsupport€a€finding€of€ððexceptional€crueltyðð€that€ððdemonstrates€a€culpability€distinctÏfrom€and€appreciably€greater€than€that€incident€toðððð€the€crime.€€òòState€v.€Pooleóó,€945Ð +ü#( ÐS.W.2d€93,€98€(Tenn.€1997)€(quoting€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597,€601€(Tenn.Ð Ð,È%* Ð1994)).€ñé ñœ›ñé ñÌÌñé ñœ›ñé ñà ¸ àñé ñœñé ñInñé ñ›ñé ñ€òòPooleóó,€the€supreme€court€concluded€that€knocking€the€victimÐ 42,+0 Ðunconscious€and€leaving€her€on€the€floor€bleeding€under€circumstances€making€itÏunlikely€that€she€would€soon€be€discovered€or€receive€treatment€demonstrated€a€greaterÏculpability€than€that€needed€for€the€commission€of€the€especially€aggravated€robbery€forÐ ˜706 Ðwhich€the€defendant€was€convicted.€ñé ñœñé ñ€945ñé ñ›ñé ñ€S.W.2d€at€99.€€In€this€ñé ñœñé ñregard,ñé ñ›ñé ñ€though,€aÏdistinction€exists€in€the€present€case€because€the€offense€is€the€attempt€to€commit€firstÏdegree€murder.€€A€rational€argument€can€be€made€that€a€person€who€simply€enters€aÏvictimððs€ñé ñœñé ñhome,ñé ñ›ñé ñ€ñé ñœñé ñshootsñé ñ›ñé ñ€the€victim€with€the€intent€to€kill€the€victim,€and€then€leaves€theÏhome€does€not€necessarily€ñé ñœñé ññâ ñcarryñâ ññã ñhaveñã ññé ñ›ñé ñ€greater€culpability€through€exceptional€cruelty€if€theÏvictim€survives,€although€left€alone.€€In€any€event,€we€believe€that€the€remaining€factorsÏadequately€support€the€sentences€imposed.ÌÌÓ  Óò òB.€€MANNER€OF€SERVICEÐ h` Ðó óÓ  Óà ¸ àNext,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€imposingÐ @8 Ðconsecutive€sentencing.€€He€does€not€contest€the€trial€courtððs€findings€with€respect€toÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115€but€asserts€that€consecutive€sentences€do€notÏreasonably€relate€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses€and€are€not€necessary€to€protect€theÏpublic.€€òòSeeóó€òòWilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€at€938.Ð ph ÐÌà ¸ àWe€conclude€that€the€record€supports€the€trial€courtððs€imposition€ofÏconsecutive€sentencing.€€The€consecutive€sentences€in€the€present€case€reasonablyÏrelate€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses€and€are€necessary€to€protect€the€public.€€TheÏdefendant,€without€provocation€or€warning€and€for€no€apparent€reason,€shot€Mr.ÏMcLemore€in€the€neck€and€shot€Ms.€Parker€twice€in€the€jaw€and€neck,€leaving€theÏunarmed€and€helpless€victims€lying€on€the€floor.€€Both€victims€suffered€serious€injuriesÏand€are€confined€to€wheelchairs€as€a€result€of€the€shooting.€€Furthermore,€theÏdefendantððs€criminal€record€reflects€three€previous€convictions€involving€physicalÏviolence€or€death.€€These€facts€support€consecutive€sentencing.€€ÌÌñé ñœñé ññä ñÌâ âñä ññé ñ›œñé ññä ñÐ Ì5Ä.4 Ðñä ññé ñ›ñé ñà ¸ àIn€consideration€of€the€foregoing€and€the€record€as€a€whole,€we€affirm€theÏâ âjudgments€of€conviction.ÌÌÓÓà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àñé ñœñé ñ_ñè ññç ñ_ñç ññè ñ_________________________ñé ñ›ñé ñÌà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àà È àJoseph€M.€Tipton,€JudgeÌÌCONCUR:Ìœñí ñÌñí ñ›Ìñé ñœñé ññå ñ____ñå ñ_______________________ñé ñ›ñé ñÌJoe€G.€Riley,€JudgeÌÌœñé ñœñé ññì ñÌñì ññæ ñ____ñæ ñ_______________________ñé ñ›ñé ñ›ÌAlan€E.€Glenn,€Judge